REVISION BAC 2024

Lessons+ Exercises

Résumé
In this pdf, you will find a lot of exercises about all the lessons that you will have in the
national exam.

Sara Bouaziz
Saraenglish1
1: TENSES:
Simple present:

Affirmative form Negative form

Infinitive I – you – we - they Don’t + infinitive I- you- we - they
Infinitive+ s Doesn’t + infinitive he – she - it
Infinitive+ es he – she - it
Infinitive+ ies
Verb+s : verbs ending with consonants/ e
Verb+es: verbs ending with o, s, x, ss, ch, sh
Verb+ies: verbs ending with consonant+y
Negative form Use
Do + subject +infinitive ? I – you- we -they Habitual actions.
Does + subject+infinitive? He -she – it Facts
Indicators Examples
Always – often – usually – sometimes – once a I go to school everyday.
week – every . . – generally - on Sundays He travels to Spain every summer.
She doesn’t make grilled chicken for lunch on
Sundays.

Simple Past:
Affirmative form Negative form
Infinitive+ d Didn’t + infinitive all pronouns
Infinitive+ ed all pronouns
Infinitive+ ied
Verb+d : verbs ending with e
Verb+ed: verbs ending with consonants
Verb+ied: verbs ending with consonant+y
Negative form Use
Did + subject +infinitive ? all pronouns Actions which happened in a specific time
In the past .
Indicators Examples
Yesterday – last week – last year – last. . . . – I went to school yesterday.
In 2010 – in 1998 – 2days ago - …ago- by 1990 He traveled to Spain last summer.
She didn’t make grilled chicken for lunch Last
Sunday.

Past perfect:
Affirmative form Negative form
Had + past participle all pronouns Hadn’t + past participle all pronouns
 Negative form Use
Had + subject +Past participle ? all pronouns Two past actions; one before another. The first
action is in the past perfect and second is in the
past simple.
Indicators Examples
Before – after – when – by the time – as soon as.. I went to school after I had eaten breakfast
After he had traveled to Spain, he went to Canada.
She hadn’t made grilled chicken for lunch before
He came.

Present continuous:
Affirmative form Negative form
Am + gerund I Am not + gerund I
is + gerund he – she - it is not + gerund he – she - it
are + gerund you – we – they are not + gerund you – we – they
gerund = verb+ing
Negative form Use
Am + S + gerund? I Actions happening at the moment
is + S + gerund? he – she - it
are + S + gerund? you – we – they

Indicators Examples
Now – right now – at the moment – listen – look – I am doing my homework now.
Currently- these days.. The teacher is explaining the present continuous
at the moment.
We aren’t revising the first semester’s lessons
These days.

Past continuous:
Affirmative form Negative form
was + gerund I- he – she - it was not + gerund I - he – she - it
were + gerund you – we – they were not + gerund you – we – they
gerund = verb+ing
Negative form Use
was + S + gerund? I - he – she - it 1.An action that was in progress at a given time
were + S + gerund? you – we – they in the past.
2. Long action in the past that was interrupted
by a short one.
3. Two actions were in progress in the past at
the same time.
 Indicators Examples
when – while – for + time in the past I was playing tennis for two hours yesterday.
He was driving his car when you called.
She was having lunch while she was watching TV

Present perfect:
Affirmative form Negative form
Has + P.P he – she - it Has not + P.P he – she - it
have + P.P you – we – they - I Have not + P.P you – we – they - I
P.P = past participle
Negative form Use
Has + S + P.P? he – she - it Actions which started in the past and continuous
Have + S + P.P? you – we – they - I to the present time.
Actions that have just finished
Unfinished actions
Indicators Examples
since – for – yet – just – so far – recently – She has just baked a cake
already –( ever) – (never) I have lived in this city since 2010.
She hasn’t finished her homework yet.
I have never been to Rabat.

Future simple:
Affirmative form Negative form
will + infinitive all pronouns will not + infinitive all pronouns
Negative form Use
Will + subject +infinitive? all pronouns Future actions

Indicators Examples
Tomorrow – tonight – next week – next year- I will go to Spain next week.
Next …. – in 2030 – in 2040 I won’t do my homework tonight.
She will finish her job tomorrow.

Future perfect:
Affirmative form Negative form
will have+ P.P all pronouns will not have + P.P all pronouns
Negative form Use
Will + subject+ Have +P.P? all pronouns Completed actions before a specific time in the
Future.
Indicators Examples
By Tomorrow – by tonight – by next week – I will have gone to Spain by next week.
 By next year- by Next …. – by 2030 – by 2040 I won’t have done my homework by tonight.
In……time – in two weeks time She will have finished her job by tomorrow.

Exercise 1:
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1. Look! The children (swim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the lake.
2. She generally (do). . . . . . . . . . . . all the housework by herself.
3. Anna usually (cycle) . . . . . . . . . . . . .to school.
4. We (see). . . . . . . . . . . . . . an accident when we (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . home yesterday afternoon.
5. I (receive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a postcard from Jane yesterday.
6. It (start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to rain while we (drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to the forest.
7. Nabil (run) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .when he (fall) . . . . . . . . . . . . . down and (break) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
his leg.
8. It (snow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when the plane (take off) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yesterday.
9. We (watch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV when the doorbell (ring). . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. I (not/ have) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a good time at the concert last Sunday. I (be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bored.
11. By 1960, most of Britain colonies (become) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . independent.
12. I (be) . . . . . . . late for the exam yesterday. The teacher (already/ hand out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . the exam paper when I (get) . . . . . . . . . . . . . to class.
13. She (never/ see) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .any of Picasso’s paintings before she (visit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . the art gallery last week.
14. We had been waiting for David for nearly two hours before he finally (arrive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yesterday.
15. Jack and Sam (play) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . football next weekend.
16. By the end of this month, I (send) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more than 200 emails to my friends.
17. This time next week, I (fly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to New York.
18. Paul and Linda have been married for a long time. By their next anniversary, they (be) . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . married for fifty years.
19. (go/you) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to your friend’s party last night?
20. I wanted to buy the tablet but they (already/ sell) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it yesterday.
Exercise2:
Taken from previous exams
1. When he (finish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his studies in Europe, Kamal returned to Morocco. Now, he
(work). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as a teacher at a university. He (just/ publish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a book
on study skills.
2. While I (watch). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a film the other day, I (hear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my neighbour
quarrelling with a stranger.
3. Last Monday, while firemen (try). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to put out the fire in the forest, two helicopters
(join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . them. Unfortunately, most of trees were destroyed. We hope that by the end
of 2018, the local authorities (replant). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the forest.
4. Noura (not/be) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sure when she was going to have the internet at home.
Yesterday, she (have). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a very pleasant surprise. When she got home, her father
(already/connect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her computer to the Internet.
5. In a press conference, the president of Al Amal association said:’’ Last October, we (start). . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . a project to fight illiteracy. We (work) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with the ministry of
education on the same project since then. I guess by the year 2016, we (achieve). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . our goals.
6. Bob and David enjoy (watch). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . science fiction films. Yesterday, they (go) . . . . . . . .
. . . .. .. . to the cinema, but when they arrived, they found that the film (already/start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .So, they decided to have a walk along the coast.
7. After Karim (get). . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . his visa last month, he (go) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to France to start an
new business. His wife (join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . him as soon as she gets her visa.
8. Hans: Were you still living with your parents when you (get). . . . . . . . . your bac?
Salim: No, I (join). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a boarding school in Casablanca three years before that.
9. After Nabil (retire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . from work, he moved to the countryside.
10. I was too late for the music concert because I (not/ take) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the first bus.
11. Moncef Selaoui (graduate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .from the Free university of Brussles in 1983
before he joined Harvard Medical School.
2. LINKING WORDS
a. Express purpose:

+ infinitive + gerund or noun

. . . . . . . . . . to/ not to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for. . . . . . .
. . . . .in order to/in order not to. . . . . . . . for the purpose of. . .
. . . . . so as to/ so as not to. . . . . . .
+ subject + can/could + infinitive
. . so that . . . / . . . . in order that. . .
b. Express cause:

+ clause (subject+ verb….) + gerund or noun

. . . . . . because . . . . . Because of. . . . .
. . . . . . since. . . . . . . + Due to. . . . . . . +
. . . . . . as. . . . . . . . . Owing to. . . . . .

c. Express effect:

+ clause ( Subject + verb + ……)

. . . . . . So , . . . . . .
. . . . . .Therefore, . . . . .
. . . . . . as a result, . . . .
. . . . . . As a consequence, . . .
. . . . . . Consequently, . . . . .
. . . . . . Thus, . . . . .
. . . . . . Hence, . . . .
. . . . . . Because of this, . . . .
. . . . . . that’s why. . . . . .

d. Express addition:

+ clause (subject + verb +…..) + gerund or noun

. . . and. . . (+ clause or phrase) Along with. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
. . . as well as. . .(+phrase only) . . . . . . . along with . . . . . . . . .
. . . , too. In addition to. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
. . . , as well. . . . . . . In addition to. . . . . . . . .
. . . not only. . .but. . .also. . .
. . . . Moreover, . . .
. . . . Besides, . . .
. . . . What’s more, . . .
. . . . Furthermore, . . .
. . . . In addition, . . .
. . . . More than that, . .

e. Express concession:

+ clause (Subject + verb +. . . . . ) + gerund or noun

. . . but. . . In spite of. . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
. . . yet. . . . . . . . . in spite of. . . . . . .
. . . . However, . . . Despite . . . . . . , . . . . . .
. . . . Nevertheless, . . . . . . . . . . . despite. . . . . . .
Although . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . Regardless of . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . although . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . regardless of . . . . . . . . .
Even (though) . . . . . . , . . . . . . . In spite of + the fact that + clause
. . . . . . . . (even) though . . . . . . . Despite + the fact that + clause
Exercise 1 :
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate linking word.
1. Essays must be handed before the deadline, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . they won’t be graded.
Likewise – otherwise – whereas – as a result
2. The student refused to obey the rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , he was dismissed from school.
Instead – however – therefore – despite
3. Not only does working from home increase productively but it. . . . . . . . . . cuts the cost of overheads.
Too – also – likewise – moreover
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the position you applied for has now been filled, we will keep your details for
further reference.
Although – despite – however – in spite of
5. The colour black absorbs heat, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the colour white reflects it.
Otherwise – so that – moreover – whereas
6. I felt sick last night; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , I would have come to the party.
However – instead – otherwise – therefore
7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his hard work, he failed the exam.
Although – even though – however – in spite of
8. I tried to phone you, but I dialed the wrong number, and got someone living in Forlida. . . . . . . . . . . . .
In addition – instead – despite – thus
9. The apartment is very pretty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , the rent is low.
In addition to – furthermore – whereas – despite
10. He never talks to me politely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the many efforts I’ve made to be friendly.
Because of – in spite of – although – however
11. Sara has never travelled to Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , she knows a lot about its famous cities.
So – therefore – however – in addition
12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the danger caused by cigarette smoking; the number of smokers is growing
up.
Otherwise – despite – although – because of
Exercise 2:
Join the sentences with the words given in brackets.
1. The weather is bad. They enjoyed the trip. (despite)
...... ..................................................................
2. Sara is friendly and sociable. Her husband is introverted and shy. (whereas)
...... ..................................................................
3. He didn’t get the job. He had the necessary qualifications. (however)
...... ..................................................................
4. She knows she wouldn’t get the job. She applied for it. (although)
...... ..................................................................
5. You need to work on improving your pronunciation. If not, you will fail the oral test. (otherwise)
...... ..................................................................
6. She stood on the tables. She wanted to reach the top shelf. (so that)
...... ..................................................................
7. The house needs a lot of repairs. It is a long way from work.(not only…but…also)
...... ..................................................................
8. She is ill. She went to work. (despite)
...... ..................................................................
9. Clara took a taxi. She didn’t want to be late for work. (so as not to)
...... ..................................................................
10. We were unable to get financial support. We had to abandon the project. (therefore)
...... ..................................................................
11. Souad didn’t come to the show. She was sick. (because of)
...... ..................................................................
12. Aziza did a nice project. The teacher rewarded her. (because)
...... ..................................................................
13. The government has lunched a new project. The government wants to reduce illiteracy rates. (in
order to)
...... ..................................................................
14. Anass was waiting for his teacher. He wanted to get his mark. (so as to)
...... ..................................................................
15. Jamila did not attend the meeting. His son was ill. (due to)
...... ..................................................................
3. FUNCTIONS :
Opinion – apologizing – advice – complaining – lack of understanding – ask for clarification- request

Ask for opinion Give opinion

What’s your opinion about. . . ? I think/ I guess. .
What do you think about. . . ? -For me/ to my mind.
What’s your point of view about. . . ? -In my opinion. .
How do you feel about. . . ? -In my point of view. .
Do you think that. . .? - As I see it. . .
-As far as I am concerned. .
-It seems to me that.
Agreeing Disagreeing
I agree./ I agree with you. I disagree.
I share the same point of view. I disagree with you.
I couldn’t agree more. I am afraid you are wrong.
This is exactly how I see it. I don’t share the same point of view
You are right.
Apologizing Accepting apology
I am sorry. /I am very sorry. /I am so sorry. Never mind
I am terribly sorry. That’s alright
I am sorry for. . . . . . . . . . . . . That’s OK
I am sorry about this. Don’t worry about it
I can’t tell you how sorry I am. No problem
I apologize. Don’t mention it.
Ask for advice Give advice
What should I do? You should. . . . . . . . .
What do you advise me to do? You’d better. . . . . . . .
Can you give me some advice? You ought to. . . . . . . . .
What do you think I should do? I advise you to. . . . . . . .
If I were you, I would. . . .
Complaining Respond to complaint
I am sorry to say this but, . . You just apologize if you accept the
I’ve been patient long enough, but. . Complaint.
I’m not satisfied with the way you. . If you decline it:
I am sorry to bother you, but. . . . I am afraid there is nothing to do about it.
I have a complaint to make….
I am afraid I have a complaint about. .
Lack of understanding Ask for clarification
Can you repeat, please? What do you mean by. . . .?
I beg your pardon. What do you mean?
Sorry, I didn’t get your point. Could you clarify that, please?
Sorry I didn’t grasp your point. Would you elaborate on that, please?
Sorry, I didn’t understand. Can you be more explicit?
I am not sure I know what you mean. Could you explain more?
Sorry, I didn’t hear what you said.
 Make a request Accept a request
Can you. . . . ? Yes, of course.
Will you. . . . ? Certainty.
Could you. . . ? With pleasure.
Would you. . . . ? Sure.
I wonder if you could. . . ? Why not ?
Would you mind+ gerund . . . ? Not at all / of course not / No, I don’t mind.
(would you mind..?)
Decline a request Sorry, I can’t.
I wish I could but. . .
I am afraid a can’t.

Exercise 1.
Fill in the chart with the correct function.

Sentences Functions
1. In my view, video games affect children’s behaviour. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. I take your point. Morocco is making progress in renewable ......................
energy.
3. Could I use your mobile phone? ......................
4. For me, developing countries should invest more in education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
5. Sorry to say this, but your assistant was rude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
6. Sorry I didn't mean to disturb you. ........................
7. What about mean by blog? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
8. For me, children should not watch horror films. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. I am not sure I agree with you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
10. I'm sorry to say this, but you are standing on my bag. .......................
11. I'm awfully sorry I forgot to call you last night. .......................
12. You should exercise and eat a lot of vegetables. .......................
13. I can't concentrate on my work. what should I do? .......................
14. For me, introducing English in primary school is a good idea. .......................
15. I'm sorry to say it. The service here is a bit slow. .......................
16. You’d better look for another solution. .......................

Exercise 2:
Complete the following exchanges as suggested.
1. Your neighbour parked his car in front of your garage.
You: (complain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
your neighbour: (apologizes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
2. Your friend can't decide whether to buy a tablet or a laptop.
You: (give advice) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. I have a terrible toothache.
You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. I am sorry to say it. Your room service is not that good.
The manager: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. I find it difficult to understand Americans when they speak.
You: (give advice) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. The teacher: you were absent for your English test yesterday.
You: (apologise and give reason) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
7. You are in a hotel. There is no hot water in the shower.
You: (complain to the manager) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
8. You forgot to buy your friend a present for her birthday.
You: (apologise to her) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. You have been waiting for a friend for more than an hour.
You: (complain to your friend) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
your friend: (apologises and gives reason) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Reading books is better than watching films.
You: (Give opinion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Who is the most famous comedian in Morocco, in your opinion?
You: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Eric has just watched a new film.
Emma: (ask for opinion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eric: it was great but a bit long.
13. Paul need money from his friend to buy a camera.
You: (make a request) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Your friend: (responds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14. You don’t know how to write a CV in English.
You: (make a request to your teacher) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. PASSIVE VOICE:
Examples:
1- The administration gives rewards to the students who have the first marks in school.
- Rewards are given to the students who have the first marks in school.
2- The administration gave rewards to the students who had the first marks in school.
-Rewards were given to the students who had the first marks in school.
The rule:
1- Start with the object
2- Write verb to be in the tense of the main verb.
3- Write the main verb in the past participle.
4- Add by + subject (optional)
Practice:
Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.
1. They make cars in Japan.
- Cars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Someone has stolen my watch.
- My watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Carla has broken the window.
- The window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. People speak Arabic in many countries.
- Arabic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. The police caught the bank robber.
- The bank robber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. The secretary is typing the report.
- The report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. The mechanic was repairing the car.
- The car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. The manager will send the email this afternoon.
- The email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. You must keep the food in the fridge.
- The food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Someone should tell Tom the news now.
- The news. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise from previous exams.
Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.
1.Candidates mustn’t use mobile phones during the exams.
- Mobile phones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.Our school has used Massar to process student’s marks.
- Massar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.We should encourage students to take part in social activities.
- Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. The council will build a new school in our area.
- A new school. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. They published the article in a weekly magazine.
- The article. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. They decorated Nancy’s room with balloons and flowers.
- Nancy’s room. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. A multinational company offered Leila a good job.
- Leila. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Students must hand in the project after the vacation.
- The project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. The company will test a new data system.
- A new data system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Parents should encourage children to eat healthy food.
- Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. They have published a new report on divorce rates in the Times magazine.
- A new report on divorce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. The committee selected two films for an international festival.
- Two films. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. The world financial leaders signed a new trade agreement last month.
- A new trade agreement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14. People should avoid excessive use of the internet.
- Excessive use of the internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15. The students finished the school project on time.
- School project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. ALL VOCABULARY:
A. THE GIFTS OF YOUTH:
Noun Adjective Meaning
Independence Independent ‫استقال‬
Dependence Dependent ‫معتمد‬
Audacity Audacious ‫الجرأة‬
Energy Energetic ‫الطاقة‬
Strength Strong ‫القوة‬
Autonomy Autonomous ‫االستقالل‬.. ‫الحكم الذاتي‬
Ability Able ‫القدرة‬
Vitality Vital ‫الحيوية‬
Vigor Vigorous ‫القوة‬
Enthusiasm Enthusiastic ‫الحماس‬
Maturity Mature ‫النضج‬
Innovation Innovative ‫االبتكار‬
Talent Talented ‫الموهبة‬
Gift Gifted
‫موهبة‬
Ambition Ambitious
‫طموح‬
Adventure Adventurous
‫مغامرة‬
Patience Patient
‫الصبر‬
Imagination Imaginative
‫الخيال‬
Creativity Creative
‫االبداع‬
Optimism Optimistic
‫التفاؤل‬
Pessimism Pessimistic
‫التشاؤم‬
Cooperation Cooperative
Responsibility Responsible
‫التعاون‬
Self-confidence Self-confident ‫المسؤولية‬
Competence Competent ‫الثقة في النفس‬
Reliability Reliable ‫الكفاءة‬
Punctuality Punctual ‫امكانية االعتماد على‬
Rebellion Rebellious ‫االلتزام بالمواعيد‬
‫التمرد‬
B. HUMOUR:
Humor: ‫دعابة‬ To laugh: ‫يضحك‬
A joke: ‫نكتة‬ To smile: ‫يبتسم‬
An impression: ‫تقليد أو انطباع‬ Despair: ‫يأس‬
To kid: ‫يمزح‬ Merriment: ‫فرح‬
Silly: ‫سخيف‬ Calm: ‫هادئ‬
Witty: ‫مضحك بطريقة ذكية‬ Vivacity: ‫مرح‬
Comedian:‫فكاهي‬ Humorous:‫فكاهي‬
Jubilation:‫بهجة‬ Gaiety: ‫ابتهاج‬
TV sitcoms: ‫مسلسالت تلفزيونية‬
Collocations:
Burst into laughter: ‫ينفجر بالضحك‬
Tell a joke: ‫يحكي نكتة‬
Make fun of someone: ‫يسخر من شخص ما‬
A sense of humor: ‫حس الدعابة‬
Artistic talent: ‫موهبة فنية‬
Have fun: ‫يستمتع‬
Noun Adjective
Joy ‫فرح‬ Joyful
Delight ‫بهجة و سرور‬ Delightful
Cheerfulness ‫بهجة‬ Cheerful
Fear ‫خوف‬ Fearful fearless
Anger ‫غضب‬ Angry
Loneliness ‫وحدة‬ Lonely
Happiness ‫فرح و سعادة‬ Happy
Fun ‫مرح و متعة‬ Funny
Depression ‫اكتئاب‬ Depressed
Frustration ‫احباط‬ Frustrated
Worry ‫قلق‬ Worried
Satisfaction ‫الرضا‬ Satisfied

C. EDUCAAION :
 Words Meaning Collocations Meaning

Portfolio ‫ملف التلميذ‬ Boarding school ‫المدرسة الداخلية‬

Compulsory ‫اجباري‬ Literacy classes ‫أقسام محو األمية‬
e-learning ‫التعلم باألنترنت‬ Critical thinking ‫التفكير النقدي‬
Brainstorming ‫العصف الذهني‬ Problem solving ‫حل مشكلة‬
Skill ‫مهارة‬ Dropouts of school ‫المنقطعين عن الدراسة‬
Partnership ‫شراكة‬ Note taking. ‫أخد مالحظات‬
Active learning
‫التعلم النشط‬
Educational system
‫النظام التعليمي‬
Equal opportunities
‫فرص متساوية‬
School uniform
‫الزي المدرسي‬
Private school
‫مدرسة خصوصية‬
Public school
‫مدرسة عمومية‬

Verb Adjective Noun Meaning

Educate Educated/ educational. Education ‫تعليم‬
Graduate Graduate Graduation ‫تخرج‬
Aware Aware Awareness ‫وعي‬
Sensitize Sensitizing Sensitization ‫تحسيس‬
Collaborate Collaborative Collaboration ‫تعاون‬
Cooperate Cooperative Cooperation ‫تعاون‬
Finance Financial Finance ‫تمويل‬
Assist Assistant Assistance ‫مساعدة‬
Conscious Consciousness ‫الوعي‬
Poor Poverty ‫الفقر‬
Important Importance ‫اهمية‬
Illiterate illiteracy ‫األمية‬
Literate literacy ‫التعلم‬
D. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- Health care : ‫التغطية الصحية‬ - Property rights : ‫حقوق الملكية‬
- Micro entreprise : ‫مقاولة صغرى‬ - Equal pay for women : ‫المساواة في االجر للنساء‬
- Social justice : ‫العدالة االجتماعية‬ - Civil society : ‫المجتمع المدني‬
- Climate change : ‫تغير المناخ‬ - Non-governmental organisation : ‫منظمة غير حكومية‬
- Raw materials : ‫مواد أولية‬ - Sustainable development : ‫التنمية المستدامة‬
- Water pollution : ‫تلوث المياه‬ - Renewable energy : ‫الطاقة المتجددة‬
- Money investment : ‫استثمار المال‬ - Rural areas : ‫المناطق القروية‬
- Forest preservation : ‫الحفاظ على البيئة‬ - Global warming : ‫االحتباس الحراري‬
- Ecological crisis : ‫أزمةات بيئية‬ - Micro credits : ‫القروض الصغرى‬
- Poverty elimination : ‫الحد من الفقر‬ - Natural disasters : ‫الكوارث الطبيعية‬
- Energy preservation : ‫الحفاظ على الطاقة‬ - Financial assistance : ‫مساعدة مادية‬
- Recycling waste : ‫اعادة تدوير النفايات‬ - Have access : ‫الولوج الى‬
- Transport infrastructures : ‫البنية التحتية‬
‫للمواصالت‬

E. WOMEN AND POWER:

Stereotypes : ‫صور نمطية‬
Violence : ‫العنف‬
Feminism :‫الحركة النسوية‬
Self-confidence:‫الثقة في النفس‬
International women’s day : ‫اليوم العالمي للمرأة‬
Emancipation:‫التحرر من قيود‬
Polygamy:‫تعدد الزوجات‬
Gender :‫الجنس مذكر او انثى‬
Family code : ‫مدونة االسرة‬
Humanitarian :‫انساني‬
Voting : ‫التصويت‬
Word Noun Meaning
Dominate Domination ‫الهيمنة‬
Organize Organization ‫تنظيم‬
Globalize Globalization ‫العولمة‬
Repudiate / reject Repudiation/ rejection ‫الرفض‬
Participate Participation ‫المشاركة‬
Require Requirement ‫متطلبات‬
Govern Government ‫الحكومة‬
Improve Improvement ‫التحسين‬
Manage Management ‫ادارة‬
Assist Assistance ‫المساعدة‬
Ignore Ignorance ‫الجهل‬
Resist Resistance ‫المقاومة‬
Confer Conference ‫المؤتمر‬
Dependent Dependence ‫االعتماد على‬
Differ Difference ‫االختالف‬
Terrorize Terrorism ‫االرهاب‬
Feminine Feminism ‫المساواة بين الجنسين‬
Criticize Criticism ‫االنتقاد‬
Secure Security ‫االمان‬
United Unity ‫الوحدة‬
Active Activity ‫نشاط‬
Inferior Inferiority ‫االقلية‬
Equal Equality ‫المساواة‬
Responsible Responsibility ‫المسؤولية‬

F. CULTURAL VALUES:
Value (noun): ‫قيمة‬ Culture shock : ‫صدمة ثقافية‬
 Value (verb) : ‫تقييم الشيء‬ Civic education : ‫التربية المدنية‬
Valued (adjective): ‫ذو قيمة‬ Moral obligation : ‫واجب أخالقي‬
Culture : ‫ثقافة‬ Cultural diversity : ‫التنوع التقافي‬
Initiative : ‫مبادرة‬ Common good : ‫المصلحة العامة‬
Equity : ‫انصاف‬ Deeply rooted : ‫منغرس بعمق‬
Circumstances : ‫ظروف‬ Table manners : ‫اداب المائدة‬
Suitable :‫مناسب‬ Universal values : ‫قيم عالمية‬

Words Antonyms / opposite

Altruism ‫االيثار‬ Selfishness ‫األنانية‬
Tolerance ‫التسامح‬ Intolerance ‫عدم التسامح‬
Cooperation ‫التعاون‬ Individuality ‫التفرد‬
Equity ‫االنصاف‬ Injustice ‫غير عادل‬
Responsibility ‫المسؤولية‬ Irresponsibility ‫عدم المسؤولية‬
Love ‫الحب‬ Hatred ‫الكره‬
Harmony ‫االنسجام‬ Conflict ‫الصراع‬

G. CITIZENSHIP:
Charity: ‫عمل خيري‬ obligatory: ‫ضروري‬
Sacrifice:‫تضحية‬ member: ‫عضو‬
Lobbying: ‫تأثيرأو ضغط‬ national:‫وطني‬
Community:‫مجتمع‬ govern: ‫يحكم‬
NGO: ‫منظمة غير حكومية‬ sensitize:‫يحسس‬
Globalization: ‫عولمة‬ aware: ‫واع‬
Human rights: ‫حقوق االنسان‬ important: ‫مهم‬
Responsibilities:‫واجبات و مسؤوليات‬ politics: ‫سياسة‬
Volunteer: ‫متطوع‬ develop:‫يطور‬
Citizen: ‫مواطن‬ censorship: ‫رقابة‬
Activity: ‫نشاط‬ trade union:‫نقابة مهنية‬
Nation: ‫وطن‬ rights: ‫حقوق‬
Collocations:
Active citizen: ‫مواطن نشط‬
Community service: ‫خدمة المجتمع‬
National anthem: ‫النشيد الوطني‬
Dual nationality:‫جنسية مزدوجة‬
Take action: ‫األخد بالفعل‬
Membership card:‫بطاقة العضوية‬
Sort out a problem:‫حل مشكلة‬
Sensitization campaign:‫حملة تحسيسية‬
Raise awareness:‫الرفع من الوعي‬
Voluntary work:‫عمل تطوعي‬
Moral obligations: ‫واجبات اخالقية‬
H. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :
Internet: ‫االنترنيت‬ Collocations:
Communication: ‫التواصل‬ Remote control: ‫اداة التحكم‬
Genetics: ‫علم الوراثة‬ Genetic engineering: ‫الهندسة الوراثية‬
Games: ‫ألعاب‬ Internet addict: ‫مدمن االنترنيت‬
Emails: ‫بريد‬ Atomic bomb: ‫قنبلة ذرية‬
Addiction: ‫ادمان‬ Online shopping: ‫التسوق عبر االنترنيت‬
Harm: ‫أذى‬ Technological inventions: ‫اختراعات تكنولوجية‬
Personality: ‫شخصية‬
Argument: ‫جدال‬
Connection: ‫اتصال‬
Means of communication: ‫ادوات التواصل‬
Research: ‫بحث‬

Exercise1:
Fill in the gaps with correct words from the list.

Culture – education – literacy – opportunity – skill

1. People who didn’t have the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to go to school can join . . . . . . . . . classes, where
they can learn reading, writing and numeracy.
Pride – humour – responsibility
2. Kelly often tells funny jokes to her classmate; she has a sense of. . . . . . . . . . .
Community – subject – illiteracy – local – higher
3. Narjis hope to continue her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . education in Montpelier for PhD degree.
4. ‘’Adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is an issue that should be given a priority in our educational system.”
Achievement – education – awareness – assistance – agreement
5. The government has signed an international. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to fight organised crime.
6. The aim of this campaign is to raise students’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about the importance of reading.
Rights – equal – countries – technical – communities
7. The UNESCO helps local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in rural areas to fight illiteracy.
8. All citizens should have . . . . . . . . . . . . . opportunities regardless of their race.
Looking forward to – combine – gifted – caring – damaged – internet – disappointed – amazing
9. Reda is a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .young student; he does complex mathematical calculations quickly. His
ability to write in English is. . . . . . . . . . . . He is .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . publishing an English school
magazine soon.
Non-formal – cooperation – labour – non-profit – conference
10. UNESCO is a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . organisation which contributes to peace and security by
promoting international. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . through education , science and culture.
Terms – lines – rights – notes – skills
11. Free access to education is one of the basic human. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. ‘’you should take. . . . . . . . . . while I am explaining.”The teacher told his students.
Justice – obligation – rural – health – civil
13. Dropping out of school is common among children coming from .. . . . . . . . . . . areas.
14. Providing . . . . . . . . . . . . . care for sick people is a basic human rights.
Exercise 2:
Give the correct form in the words in brackets.
1. The (perform) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of Moroccan Athletes at the London Paralympics was excellent
2. If you need any (inform) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , just get in touch with the secretary.
3. Hanane Elfadili is a famous (art) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; her performances always reflect great talent
and (creative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Rachid always relies on his father for (finance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . support. I don’t think he will ever
become (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. If you need any (clarify) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,please ask the librarian.
6. Hassan El Fed has acted in many (humour) . . . . . . . . . . . sitcoms.
7. We can’t start our community project if we don’t get ( finance) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . aid.
8. We didn’t receive your (apply) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .form in due time.
9. A lot of (art) . . . . . . . . . . . . . and cultural events take place in the Imilchil festival. The (popular). . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .of this festival is increasing year after year.
10. Education is a very important factor in country’s (develop) . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Taking care of environment is the (responsible). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of every citizen.
13. I am really sorry for this (understanding) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; I didn’t mean to hurt you.
14. Recent development in (medical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . have given people a lot of hope.
15. Moroccan NGOs have made great efforts to combat illiteracy. They help youths with basic
knowledge and (manage). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skills. They also train them to become (financial). . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . independent.
16. More and more parents are worried about their children’s (addict). . . . . . . . . . . . to computers and
smartphones. They say that these means of (entertain). . . . . . . . . . . . . are isolating them from the
real world.
17. Forcing children to work is a serious (violate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of their basic rights.
18. Many people think that only (wealth) . . . . . . . . . . . . families can provide quality education for their
kids.
6. REPORTED SPEECH:
❖ Verb tense:

Present Past
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Past Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Past perfect Past perfect
Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

❖ Demonstratives:

This That
These Those
here There

❖ Time expressions:

Now Then
Today The other day
Yesterday The previous day (the day before)
Last . . . The previous . . . (the. . . . before)
Tomorrow The following day
Next . . . The following . . .
. . . ago . . .before

❖ Modal verbs:

Can Could
May Might
Will Would
Must Had to
Have to Had to
Has to Had to
➢ Statements:
 He said: ‘’I saw a movie last night’’
- He said (that) he had seen a movie the previous night

➢ Yes/ No questions:
‘’ Will Mr. Smith come to the meeting?’’
- He asked if Mr. Smith would come to the meeting.
- He asked whether Mr. Smith would come to the meeting.

… if + subject + verb. . . / ….whether + subject + verb. . .

➢ WH- questions:
‘’Where is the train station?’’
-A tourist wanted to know where the strain station was.
… WH- word+ subject + verb. . .

➢ Commands:
Affirmative:
‘’Stop making noise’’
-He ordered me to stop making noise.
Negative:
‘’Don’t make noise’’
-He ordered me not to make noise
… To+ infinitive …./ ….. not to + infinitive. . .
➢ Exceptions:
Advice:
‘’You should see a doctor.’’
- He advised me to see a doctor.
Suggestions:
‘’Why don’t you travel somewhere.’’
- She suggested traveling somewhere.
- She suggested that I travel somewhere.
Same rule as commands.
Exercise :

Taken from national exams

1. ‘’We have known each other for a long time.” The suspects said.
- The suspects told the police officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. ‘’I will move to another town.” Narjiss said.
- Narjiss told her neighbour that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. ‘’I will come in the evening. ‘’ Susan Said.
- Susan told me. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. ‘’When did you see the victim?” the detective asked the witness.
 - The detective wanted to know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. ‘’I will take the tram to go to work.” Youssef said.
- Youssef said. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. “Where can I find a French dictionary?” Tim asked.
- Tim asked the librarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. “Why don’t we recycle all that waste?” the councilor told the committee.
- The councilor suggested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. ‘’I have to leave work early to see the doctor.” Kevin said.
- Kevin explained. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. “I will take you on a trip after the exam”. The father told his children.
- The father promised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. “Have you ever been to the south of Morocco?” Jawad asked his guests.
- Jawad wanted to know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. “Will you drive the kids to school?” Mr Lynch asked.
- Mr lynch asked his wife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. “Why don’t we work in groups?” Ahmed told his classmates.
- Ahmed suggested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. “ I will be at the train station before 9:30.” Mr Carlson said.
- Mr Carlson said. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14. ‘’We will attend the training station.’’
- The workers said that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15. ‘’I will buy you a laptop after the exam.” My father said.
- My father promised. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7: CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 AND 2:

Conditional type 1:
If + subject + simple present . . . + , + subject + future simple . . . .

We use it to talk about possible situations in the present of future.

Conditional type 2:
If + subject + simple past. . . + , + subject + would+ infinitive . . . .

We use it to talk about imaginary situations in the present.

Exercise1:
Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.

1. I don’t have a modem. So, I can’t have access to the internet.

If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. I don’t have money. So , I can’t buy a laptop.
If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Kamal doesn’t have a driving license. So, he can’t drive his father’s car.
 If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. I am not good at math; I can’t solve this equation.
If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Jim can’t get a better job because he doesn’t have enough experience.
If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. I can’t send the photo by email because I don’t have a scanner.
If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Bouchra and her husband don’t have enough money. They can’t move to a new appartement.
If. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2:
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.

1. If Adam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) hard, he will be able to get a promotion.

2. You would be very happy if you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (know) the news.
3. If I were you, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(finish) my job on time.
4. If you eat healthy food, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lose) some weight.
5. I would buy a new laptop if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) money.
6. If you explained your problem to me, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(help) you for sure.
7. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not/ listen) to your teacher while explaining the lesson he will be very
angry.
8. We would be happy if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (come) with us to the party.
9. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not/get) wet if they took an umbrella.
10. You will find the book if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(open) the bag.
8. PHRASAL VERBS AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

Apply for : (job/visa) ‫يقدم طلب‬ Take off: (clothes/ plane) ‫تقلع – يخلع‬
Turn down : (volume/job) ‫يرفض – ينقص‬ Carry on: (doing something) ‫يستمر‬
Fill in: (app form) ‫يمل‬ Take up: (new hobby /activity) ‫يبدأ جديدة هواية‬
Find out : (something) ‫يكتشف‬ Bring up: (a child) ‫يربي‬
Pick up: (from ground/language) ‫يتعلم – يلتقط‬ Go through: (an experience) ‫يمرب‬
Hand out: (homework/exam paper( ‫يوزع‬ Put off: (meeting/ event) ‫يأجل‬
Hand in: (homework/exam paper) ‫يسلم‬ Put on: (clothes) ‫يرتدي‬
Put up with: (someone) ‫يتوافق – يتحمل‬ Look up: (a word in a dictionary) ‫يبحث عن كلمة في‬
Write down: (lesson/note/phone number) ‫المعجم‬
‫يكتب – ينقل‬ Make up: (story/ excuse) ‫يختلق‬
Long for: (something to happen) ‫الى يتشوق‬ Take after: (someone) ‫يشبه‬
Eat out: (in a restaurant) ‫يأكل في مطعم‬ Set up: (a business/company/club) ‫يبدأ‬
Jot down: (notes/ideas) ‫يكتب‬ Break down: (car/machine) ‫يتوقف عن العمل‬
Dress up: (clothes) ‫يرتدي‬ Stand for: (name of an organization) ‫يعوض‬
Look for: (something) ‫يبحث عن‬ Look after: (someone) ‫يهتم‬
Drop out: (school) ‫يغادر المدرسة‬ Get into: (house/place) ‫يدخل الى‬
Run out: (of something) ‫ينفذ‬ Give up: (on something/ doing sth) ‫يتخلى – يستسلم‬
Take care of: (someone) ‫يهتم ب‬ Pay attention: ‫يعير االهتمام‬
Keep up with: (someone) ‫يساير‬ Call for: (something) ‫يطالب‬
Cut down: (the number of something) ‫ينقص‬ Calm down: ‫يهدأ‬
Bring about: (change) ‫يتسبب‬ Grow up: ‫يكبر‬
Back up: (file) ‫استرجاع‬ Keep on: (doing something)‫يستمر‬
Come across: (someone or something) ‫يلتقي‬ Show up: ‫يظهر‬
‫أو يجد بالصدفة‬ Set off: (set up) ‫يبدأ‬
Check in: (hotel) ‫يسجل الدخول‬ Catch up: ‫يتدارك‬
Check out: (hotel) ‫يسجل الخروج‬ Come back: ‫يعود‬
Get on: (car/bus/train) ‫يقل‬
Put up : (someone) ‫يستضيف‬
Log in : (app) ‫يسجل الدخول‬
Log out : (app) ‫يسجل الخروج‬

Exercise 1:
Fill in the gaps with the correct phrasal verbs from the list.
Taken from national exams.
1- The ministry launched a new program to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a change in education.
2- The flight from Marrakech to New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomorrow at 10.
Take care – take after- bring about- takes off
3- If you want to get a visa, you need to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an application form and send it by email.
4- When I don’t understand a word, I usually.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the dictionary.
Apply for- look for- look up- fill in
5- Mrs. Lee will. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from the hotel tomorrow at 5 and take a taxi to the airport.
6- Student: what does NGO.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Check in – check out – stand for- come across
7- I don’t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my Instagram account these days because I am busy.
8- Bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a job, but they. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . because he wasn’t qualified.
Log out- log in – turned down – turned off- applied for
9- When both parents work, they usually need a maid to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . their children.
 10- While I was cleaning my room yesterday, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one of my exam papers at primary
school.
Calm down- came across – look for- look after
11- ‘’Don’t forget to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the doctor’s phone number.’’
12- The pupils were not really. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the lesson.
Hand in- write down- looking at- paying attention
13- These washing machines are cheap, but they quickly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14- A: I just. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that Tommy isn’t taking school seriously. When I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
home from work, the school called to tell me that his grades are below average.
Turn down – Turn off- break down- found out- go out- came back
15- ‘’I’ll be back in a few minutes. Just . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . working.’’ The teacher told his students.
16- When my father’s car breaks down he gets very nervous and starts shouting. But he Soon. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . and calls a mechanic.
Carry out- keeps calm- Calms down- Breaks out- Carry on.
17- Ali decided to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . smoking
18- If Ahmed doesn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in five minutes, we will call him.
Keep on- Give off- Give up- Show up- show off- make up
19- Our teachers want to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a new English club.
20- Did you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any Amazigh words during your stay in Tafraout?
Stand for- pick out- pick up- keep on – set up
Who : Whom :
‘’ Who’’ refers to people who are the subject of ‘’Whom’’ refers to people who are the object of
the sentence. the sentence.
Examples: Examples :
- This is the boy who is my friend. - This is the boy whom I want to see.
- The lady who wears a black dress is my mother. - This is the girl whom I want to speak with

Which: Where:
”Which’’ refers to objects or animals. ‘’Where’’ refers to place.
Examples: Examples:
- The park which is in New York is central park. - This is the house where I lived when I was a
- This is the cake which Marry made. child.
- This is the place where I met Pedro
When: Whose:
‘’When’’ refers to time. ‘’Whose’’ refers to possession
Examples: Examples:
- I will always remember the day when we met. - This is the woman whose car is red.
- The day when the wedding takes place is Sunday. - The women whose car is red, is my best friend.
Why:
‘’Why’’ refers to reason.
Examples:
 - This is exactly why I broke up with him.
- The reason why I called you is to invite you to my
wedding party.
Exercise 2 :

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate relative pronoun from the list.

Taken from previous national exams.

1. I can’t remember . . . . . . . . . . . received the Nobel prize in physics last year.
2. The Souss valley in Morocco is the area . . . . . . . . . . . . argan trees grow.
Where – whose – who – which – when
3. This is the video . . . . . . . . . . . . was seen by millions of viewers this week. It shows the suffering of
families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . children were killed in the war.
Who – where – which – when – whose
4. Students . . . . . . . . . . . work hard often do well in their exams.
Who – whom – which
5. Do you know the film . . . . . . . . . . . . won the Oscar last year?
Who – which – when
6. Jack: Is it Alen. . . . . . . . . . . . will be in charge of the new library?
Henry: He is the only one. . . . . . . . . . . . application has been accepted.
Whose – which – whom – who – where
7. The doctor. . . . . . . . . . . . you met yesterday was my classmate.
Which – whose – whom
8. The Wilsons celebrated their 2Oth wedding anniversary in the restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . they first
met.
9. Latifa lost the iPhone. . . . . . . . . . . . .cost her 5000dh.
Where – whose – which – whom – who
10. Doctors say that people. . . . . . . . . . . a lot of fruit and vegetables remain healthy.
Whose – who – whom
11. The police are taking the criminal back to the apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . he killed the old woman.
Where – which – whose
12. The writer. . . . . . . . . . novels were translated into many languages won the Nobel prize.
Whose – who – which
13. The internet. . . . . . . . . . . . .is widely used in many aspects of life, may have a negative impact on
teenagers.
Who – whose – which
14. He wants to know. . . . . . . . . . . . . country will organize the next Olympic Games.
15. The young man . . . . . . . . . . . is next to me in the picture is my neighbour.
When – whom – who – which – where
16. The village . . . . . . . . . . . . we grew up has completely changed.
Where – which – whose
17. Eddy Murphy, . . . . . . . . . was born in New York in 1961, is a famous comedian.
 Whose – who – which
18. The man. . . . . . . . . . . . phoned yesterday didn’t give his name.
Which – whose – who
19. This is the house. . . . . . . . . . . . we used to live ten years ago.
20. The architect . . . . . . . . . . . designed this enormous building is Moroccan.
Whose – where – who – whom – when
9. Modal verbs (present)
Possibility / Impossibility Absence of necessity
Can: Anyone can be rich if they work hard. Don’t have to: Your car is still new. You don’t have
Could: He was absent yesterday. He could be to change it.
sick. Doesn’t have to: Her car is still new. She doesn’t
May: Aymane may come to see us tomorrow. I have to change it.
am not sure. Don’t need to: Your phone works well. You don’t
Might: This jacket looks nice, but it might be need to buy another one.
expensive. Doesn’t need to: His school is near the house. He
Can’t: He can’t be a doctor. He is 20 years old. doesn’t need to take a taxi.
Couldn’t: He couldn’t be late. He was always Needn’t: You needn’t take a taxi. The school is
punctual. near your house.
Advice Obligation
Should: You should see a dentist every 3 months.Must: All citizens must respect the law.
Had better: you’d better lose some weight. Have to: You have to take off your shoes before
Otherwise, you’ll have knee problems. you enter the mosque.
Ought to: You ought to revise your lessons if Has to: She has to do her homework, or she will
you want to succeed be punished by her teacher.
Had to: Yesterday it was raining. So, I had to take
a taxi to work.
Certainty Prohibition
Must: She has a big house and a Ferrari. She Mustn’t: You mustn’t swim in that river. It is full of
must be rich. crocodiles.

Ability / inability Permission

Can: I can swim very well. Can: Can I sit in this chair please?
Could: She could read when she was 5 years Could: Could I open the window?
old. May: May I borrow your dictionary?
Can’t: I can’t swim.
Couldn’t: She couldn’t read when she was 5.
Permission Can: Can you open the door?
Could: Could you bring me a glass of water
please?
Will: will you give me her phone number?
Would: Would you help me please?
 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs in the list.

1. ‘’You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .break the law.’’ The policeman told the motorist.

Might not - mustn’t - needn’t
2. You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . carry this suitcase; it’s really heavy.
Needn’t - couldn’t - wouldn’t
3. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . take the bus to the stadium; we can go on foot.
Need to - need - needn’t
4. I’ll email you the questionnaire to fill in online; you. . . . . . . . . . . print it.
Can’t - needn’t - wouldn’t
5. I can’t find my mobile phone. I . . . . . . . . . . . . have left it at home.
Might - will - need
6. It. . . . . . . . . be my little brother who wrote that; he doesn’t know a word in English.
7. Leila. . . . . . . . . . .see her doctor; otherwise, her headaches will get worse.
Ought to - shouldn’t - needn’t - would - can’t
8. Oh my God! There is a lot of traffic again. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . get to the office on time.
Needn’t - mustn’t - can’t
9. You. . . . . . . . . . . . drive me to work. I can take the bus.
Should - needn’t - mustn’t
10. When we arrive at the top of the mountain, we. . . . . . . . . . . see the whole city.
Must - can - could
11. My parents. . . . . . . .. travel at the weekends if the weather is nice.
Have - may - need
12. We . . . . . . .. . . be at the bus stop at 8:00 if we don’t want to miss the bus.
May - have - must
13. Why don’t you read this story? You. . . . .. . . . . . like it.
14. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to the university to register, you can send your application by email.
Must - need to - wouldn’t - may - needn’t
15. Workers. . . . . . . . . .bring their uniforms; the company will give them new ones.
 Need - not need - needn’t
16. ‘’You . . . . . . . . .. . give up smoking; your heart is too weak.’’ The doctor said to his patient.
Must - can - may
17. I am not really sure about the place of the meeting. It . . . . . . .. . . . in the same conference room.
Might be - had been - must be
18. Having many friends. . . . . . . . . . . . .sometimes be a source of problems.
Can - must - should
19. Rachida. . . . . . . . . . miss her interview tomorrow because she needs the job to support her family.
Needn’t - shouldn’t - wouldn’t
20. Rachid. . . . . . . . . . go to his swimming classes because of the lockdown.
Couldn’t - needn’t - wouldn’t
21. Drivers. . . . . . . . drive slowly when they get close to schools.
Could - must - may
10. GERUND OR INFINITIVE

Gerund To infinitive
Verbs: Enjoy- avoid – keep– mind- suggest- Verbs: Agree- decide- learn- advise- ask-
finish- spend- practice- imagine- waste- encourage- need- want- promise- appear-
postpone- discuss- admit… seem- hope- offer- plan- intend- tell- choose-
Expressions: Look forward to- be used to- feel expect..
Expressions: Would like- how- what- can
like- be busy- it’s no good/ use/worth- can’t stand-
can’t help- can’t resist. afford..
Prepositions: For – of – in – at – on – without- Adjectives: Sad – happy – easy- difficult –
With – about . . excited . . . .
When the verb is the subject or object .
Infinitive without to To infinitive or Gerund
Modal verbs: can – should – must – could – To infinitive = gerund:
would – can’t … start- like- love- prefer- hate- continue.
Verb/expressions: Help- recommend- let- To infinitive ≠ gerund
let’s – would rather- used to. Forget – stop – try . .
EX: I was doing my homework when I stopped to
call you yesterday and wish you.
happy birthday.
I stopped calling him since he never calls back.

Exercise:
Fill in the gaps with the correct verbs from the list.
1. Stephani stopped. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when she realized that she had breathing problems.
Smoke - smoking - to smoke
2. You’d better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . well for the interview if you want to get the job.
Prepare - preparing - to prepare
3. My mother warned me against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .this medicine without prescription.
Take - taking - to take
4. Feel free . . . . . . . . . . . . me if you need more details about the job.
Call - calling - to call
5. We are interested in. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . a new project with your company.
Start - starting - to start
6. The national football coach decided . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. a press conference before the match.
Give - giving - to give
7. I don’t feel like. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . any work this afternoon; I just want to relax.
Do - doing - to do
8. Mahjoub’s mother is looking forward to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her grandchildren in Spain.
Visit - visiting - visited
9. I am really bored. How about. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to see a football match this afternoon?
Go - going - to go
10. Would you mind. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . the boss tomorrow?
Call - calling - to call
11. Oliver enjoys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to exotic places.
Travel - travelling - to travel
12. Many people can’t imagine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . without their mobile phones.
To live - living - will live