Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    Adaptive Equalization

    Uploaded by

    sec21ec114

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Adaptive Equalization

    Uploaded by

    sec21ec114
    14 views3 pages

    Original Title

    adaptive equalization

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views3 pages

    Adaptive Equalization

    Uploaded by

    sec21ec114

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    7.

    3 ADAPTIVE EQUALIZERS

    7.3.1 Operating Principle


    In amobile cellular environment, the characteristics of the wireless dispersive
    fuding channel change randomly with time. In order for an equalizer to
    effectively combat ISI, the equalizer coefficients should change according to
    the channel status so as to tr¡ck the time varying characteristics of the mobile
    channel. Such an equalizer is called an adaptive equalizer as it adapts to the
    channel variations.
    If x() is the original information signal, and f(t) is the combined complex,
    base band impulse response of the transmitter, channel, and the RF/IF sections
    of the receiver.
    The signal received by the equalizer may be expressed as,
    ...(1)
    y(t) =x(t) ft)+ n,(t)
    where,
    f() -Complex conjugate of f(),
    ns(t) - Baseband noise at the input of the equalizer, and
    -Convolution operation
    qualization 7.3

    Original f(t) = combined impulse response of transmitter,


    baseband multipath rad1o channet, and recever RFF
    message x(t)
    Radio
    Modulator Transmitter
    channel

    Detector RF Receiver
    Matched filter IF stage
    front end
    Equivalent
    Noise f(0)
    n,(t)
    Reconstructed
    Equalizer Decision
    Maker message
    y(t) heq(t) data d(t)
    d(t)

    e(t)
    Equalizer Prediction Error

    Fig.7.2. Block diagram ofa simplified communications system using an adaptive


    equalizer at the receiver

    If the impulse response of the equalizer is heg(), then the


    output of the
    equalizer is expressed as,

    å (t) =x() or() ®h(t)+ n,()eh() ... (2)

    =x(t) gt) +n,(t) h, (t)


    where,
    g(t) is the combined impulse response of the transnitter, channel,
    RF/IF sections of the receiver, and the equalizer at the receiver.
    cqualizer is
    The complex baseband impulse response of a transversal filter
    given by,
    ... (3)

    where, ch- Complex filter coefficients of the equalizers.


    source
    The desired output of the equalizer is x(t), the original data. ASsume
    that n,()=0, then to get d(t) =x()inequation(2) 8(t) must be equal to
    gl)= f')9 h,t) = 8) **. (4)
    (4). So that the
    The goal of equalization is to satisfy the equation combination
    of the transmitter, channel and receiver appear to be an all-pass channel. In
    frequency domain,the equation(4)can be expressed as,
    H(f)F(-f)=1 ... (5)
    where,
    H(f)and Ff) are Fourier transforms of h., t) and f(), respectively.

    7.3.2 Operating Modes

    The two general operating modes of adaptive equalizers are training and
    tracking.
    (1) Training:
    First, aknown fixed - length training sequence is sent by the transmitter,
    then the receiver's equalizer may adapt to a proper setting of minimum b!
    Error Rate (BER) detection, where the training sequence is a pseudorandom
    binary signal or afixedand prescribed bit pattern.
    (2) Tracking:

    Immediately following this training sequence, the user data is sent, ald
    auapave equalizer at the receiver utilizes a recursive algorithm to evaluate
    uie chânnel and estimate filter coefficients to compensate the diStoruou
    created by multipath in the channel.
    hs user data are received, the adaptive algorithm of the equal1zer uas
    changing channel.

    You might also like