MY PROJECT TITLE

Senior Project

by

Ismail Omar Maarbani, ID:51430336

Abdelrahman Jamal Jamal, ID:51430148

Ahmad Ibrahim ID:51430163

Submitted to the School of Engineering of the

Lebanese International University

Tripoli, Lebanon

in partial the fulfillment of the requirements for degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Spring 2017

Approved By:

Supervisor Name Date Signature

Committee Member Name Date Signature

 DEDICATION

Write your dedication..

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Acknowledge everyone who helped you.

ii
 ABSTRACT

One paragraph only.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dedication....................................................................................................................................................

Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................................

Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................

Table of Contents......................................................................................................................................

List of Figures...........................................................................................................................................

List of Tables............................................................................................................................................

List of Symbols and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................viii

Chapter 1. Introduction, Apply Heading 1.............................................................................................

1.1. Level 2 section, apply Heading 2...................................................................................................

1.1.1. Level 3 section, apply Heading 3..........................................................................................

1.1.1.1. Level 4 section, apply Heading 4, Insert Caption.........................................................

1.1.1.2. Copy paste....................................................................................................................

1.1.1.3. Level 4 section, apply Heading 4.................................................................................

1.1.1.4. Level 4 section, apply Heading 4.................................................................................

Chapter 2. Project Specifications and Requirements, Apply Heading 1..............................................

2.1. Level 2 section, apply Heading 2...................................................................................................

2.2. Equations........................................................................................................................................

Chapter 3. Design, Apply Heading 1........................................................................................................

3.1. Level 2 section, apply Heading 2...................................................................................................

Chapter 4. Results, Apply Heading 1.......................................................................................................

4.1. Level 2 section, apply Heading 2...................................................................................................

Chapter 5. Conclusion...............................................................................................................................

Appendix A. Title of the app A.................................................................................................................

A.1. Level 2 in Appendix, apply Heading 6..........................................................................................

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 A.1.1. Level 3 in Appendix, apply Heading 7.................................................................................

A.1.1.1. Level 4 in Appendix, apply Heading 8........................................................................

Appendix B. Title of the app B...............................................................................................................

B.1. Level 2 section, apply Heading 2.................................................................................................

B.2. For the references:........................................................................................................................

B.2.1. Main menu  References  Citations and Bibliography: Select the style is IEEE

2006...................................................................................................................................

B.2.2. To cite a reference...............................................................................................................

B.2.2.1. Reference Tab Insert Citation  select “add new source”....................................

B.2.2.2. Add the appropriate fields, example:.........................................................................

B.2.2.3. To add the citation number in the text, Reference Tab  Insert Citation  select

the desired source, example [1].............................................................................

B.2.2.4. Let’s do another example Journal citation [2]...........................................................

B.2.2.5. To generate the Bibliography, go to the appropriate section, Reference Tab 

Bibliography..........................................................................................................

References.................................................................................................................................................

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: The traditional way to transform the egg to chicken.................................................................

Figure 2.1:traditional way to manure eggs in Indian...................................................................................

Figure 2.7:..................................................................................................................................................

Figure 2.8...................................................................................................................................................

Figure 3.1: First Figure in Chapter 1.........................................................................................................

Figure A.1: First Figure in Appendix A....................................................................................................

Figure B.1: First Figure in Appendix B.....................................................................................................

Figure B.2: How to select style for reference............................................................................................

Figure B.3: How to insert citation.............................................................................................................

Figure B.4: How to fill the reference fields...............................................................................................

Figure B.5: How to fill the reference fields…another example................................................................

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: First Table in Chapter 1..............................................................................................................

Table A.1: First Table in Appendix A.........................................................................................................

Table B.1: First Table in Appendix B.......................................................................................................

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

In alphanumerical order

viii
 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. OVERVIEW

From the dawn of history human try to ease life by millions ways, started with discovering fire,

lives in cave, taming animals, pyramid till the technology now.

Now we can do almost everything by pressing a button, but the food still one of the most important

things. From that we can see that chicken is an ingredient of millions meal around the world. How

the chickens are raised??

The traditional way is to wait 21 days to transform the egg to chicken under specific terms [1]. It was

the only way until the human discovers a new way. Figure 1.1 illustrates the traditional method to

transform eggs into chicks. Researches mention that the egg needs a specific temperature, humidity

and pressure to be transformed into chick. Therefore, they had the idea to design a machine able to

maintain all required conditions to speed up this operation [2].

Now it's worldwide, it saves time, money and its effective, so Egg to Chicken Machine is a machine

that can maintain the pressure, temperature and humidity by egg to hatch.

Figure 1.1: The traditional way to transform the egg to

chicken
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 Food is one of the important things in life. We don't need it just to live, it’s an icon to countries,

many chefs around the world use it to attract connoisseur by its taste.

ECM can deliver chicken faster, but how? In old way, the chicken has to be around the egg 21 days.

The ECM machine can do that for it, so we can use the chicken to produce more egg, that's mean

produce more chicken to be consumed which is good source of money.

The outcomes of the ECM are the following:

1-Healthy chick

2-Chick to produce egg

3-Chick to use in food (tasty and good for our health)

To achieve the above the ECM need:

1-Material needed to isolate the heat flux from the surrounding.

2-A heat resistor to maintain the temperature we need.

3-A humidifier to maintain the needed humidity

4-Sensors to read the temperature and humidity values

Figure 1.2: Egg to chicken machine.

1.3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

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 To achieve the project goals, the following objectives should be taken into consideration:

1-Conducting a literature review or machines out process used to transform egg to chicken

2-Design of an insulation box able to maintain a constant heat flux.

3-Develop a prototype of the (ECM): Testing and plan of experiments.

4-Conclusions

This project consists of four chapters, chapter 1 is the introduction where objectives are presented.

Chapter 2 is dedicated for literature review. In this chapter all needed equations and parameters to

design beams, columns, slabs and foundations are studied. Chapter 3 is dedicated for the design of

the structural elements related to the Villa. Finally, the report ends with "Conclusion and future

recommendations” where final results are shown and a list of recommendations is presented in order

to improve this project.

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

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This chapter deals with the literature review related to ECM device. It is composed of 4 sections.

BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE SECTIONS

2.1. HISTORY OF MAKING CHICK

2.1.1. Traditional way

When first human tamed chicken in India, they have notice that when chicken have egg it

stay with it till it hatches, that take 21 days, also in this period the chicken doesn’t produce egg. they

thought for a way to hatch egg without resting chicken, as shown figure2.1.

Figure 2.1:traditional way to manure eggs in Indian

One of the first method that Indian used was using the heat of rotted manure to keep eggs warm, it

was the only way used intel the Egyptian found a new way of incubation, they used a cylindrical

building heated by fire, the eggs that were incubating were placed on an inverted con covered by

ashes it wasn’t efficient way because most of eggs rot as shown figure 2.2.

Many culture approve this way like chines and Arabian.

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 Figure 2.2: traditional way of Egyptian to make incubation

2.1.2. Mechanical:

The first mechanical incubator invented in 1749 by Reamur in Paris [4] then in 1881 Hearson made

the first commercial machine, this machine could have 1000 eggs in it [5]. It’s easy to use but its

problem that it couldn’t contain the heat and humidity because have many reasons.

Also they notice the chicken move egg every few hours. After some researches they released that if

we don’t move egg the chick stuck and egg shell and died so they invented a mechanism that make

the eggs rotate 45 degrees every few hours. The mechanical machine was heated by engine to a chive

the heat and humidity needed.

2.1.3. Electrical Method

The mechanical machine was not efficient. So they used electricity to maintained the

temperature, humidity and pressure by using resistors and humidifier as shown in the figure 2.3. It

only problem as electricity cut out. Because when the temperature changed the eggs rotted.

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 Figure 2.3: Electrical machine to make chick

2.1.4 ECM:

After the human population have increase rapidly, that mean more food must be produced so they

thought for a way to produce chicken faster. They analyzed that egg become chick by biochemical

reaction which need more time, so they invite a way to fast this reaction, so they invited ECM as

shown in the figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4: ECM machine.

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 2.2. SIMILAR MACHINE

2.2.1. House hold incubation

It is used by people who want to hatch eggs in this house or for few quantity of egg. It is not a

complete operation, it is just for adjust the temperature and humidity or there is some of them were

automatic as shown in the figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5: house hold machine

2.2.2. Multi-stage incubation

This incubator able to operate and add new egg at same time without ruin the operation. It

saves production cost. There are thermal changes between exothermic and endothermic eggs which

creates a “Buffer” effect limiting temperature gaps as shown in the figure 2.6.

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In the first stage, the temperature should be exactly at 37.77 °Ϲ. In the next stage, the temperature

should not exceed the 38.88°Ϲ to avoid late embryonic morality. The perfect humidity percentage

should be between58% and 60%, and we have to take into consideration the embryo water loss and

total hatchability. [7]

Figure 2.6: The Multi-Stage Incubator

2.2.3. Single stage incubation

Single stage incubator is one of the most natural mechanism. It need 21 days to hatch the egg.

It gains as its name, because all the eggs inside the device are grown at same stage of development.

In this system there is only one step pf incubation either heat lacking or heat production. As a

consequence, the incubation has to be carefully monitored as shown in the figure 2.7.

The temperature should be higher in the first day then it will decrease. From day 13 to day 21 the

temperature will decrease day after day by 0.1°Ϲ.

In the first 8 days of incubation the percentage of humidity should be high, enabling the embryo to

feed and grow. [7]

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 Figure 2.7: Single stage incubation

2.3. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF ECM.

2.3.1. Advantages of ECM

- Many chicks can be hatched at a time in a short while.

- Artificial incubation cannot exchange parasites and diseases to the chicks.

- there is no cost for feeding hen since an incubator is used.

- the best control of the temperature and humidity.

- There are no chances of the hen damaging eggs through pecking.

2.3.2. Disadvantages of ECM

- It is expensive to buy an incubator. Most of the incubators are not set to be used in small farmers.

- Need a large number of workers .

- Need a knowledge about how to manage and maintain an incubator.

- The incubator requires power source to work.

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- It has a high risk of damaging the embryo and also it can encourage eggs breaking especially during

egg turning as shown in the figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8: Breaking egg

2.4. DESIGN OF THE ECM.

2.4.1. Insulation of ECM.

The space between the inner and outer cabinets is filled with foam insulation,

usually polystyrene, which can be inserted manually or automatically. When heated in an oven, this

foam expands to add rigidity and insulation to the wall. As shown in the figure 2.9,

Because this insulation releases CFCs, which contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer, The

polystyrene may be replaced by the same kind of vacuum insulation that is used in thermos bottles,

since vacuum insulation is more efficient in terms of both space and energy [8].

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 Figure 2.9: Insulation system

2.4.2. Resistor

The resistor transforms the electric power to heat power, by doing a simple circuit connect to lamp to

give heat, the simple circuit is shown in the figure 2.10.

Figure 2.10: Resistor to get heat

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2.4.3. Humidifier

A humidifier is a device that increases humidity in a single room or an entire building. It works

by electricity and give the humidity needed. Most of incubator use it to adjust the humidity level as

shown in the figure 2.11.

Figure 2.11: Humidifier

2.4.4. Sensors

A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar conductors forming electrical

junctions at differing temperatures. A thermocouple uses it to read the result produces a temperature-

dependent voltage as a result of the thermoelectric effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to

measure temperature by (screen sensor) as shown in the figure 2.12.

Figure 2.12: screen sensor

2.5. CONCLUTION.

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 The present chapter covered the literature review related to ECM. The history of making

machine was presented first. It shows that two traditional ways were used: mechanical and electrical

ways. Then, existing similar machines of ECM were illustrated, talking about the single stage and the

multi stage machine. Ideal conditions related to temperature and humidity were mentioned.

Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the ECM were described. Finally, an approach for the

design of ECM was presented, talking about the insulation, humidifier, resistors and sensors.

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 CHAPTER 3. DESIGN OF THE ECM

This chapter deals with the design of each part of the ECM. The ideal conditions required for the

design will be presented first, then the calculations, design and finally the conclusion.

3.1. IDEAL CONDITIONS.

Required conditions to transform the egg into chick machine ECM must consider the following

points:

-Insulation

-resistors

-Humidity

-Sensors

-Rotating device

Figure 3.1 shows the general design of the ECM concerning the principal parts.

Figure 3.1: The design of the machine

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The design of this machine is directly related to the choice of the insulator, resistor, the required

humidity to transform the egg into a healthy chick. Each point will be described in details in this

section.

3.1.1. Insulation

Different physical properties related to specific insulators are shown in table 1

Table 1: Properties of different type of insulators at a constant temperature of 300 K

Physical properties of insulators

Material Thermal Density Specific volume

conductivity K [kg/m^3] Cp [J/kg.K]

[W/m.k] ƿ

Cottons 0.06 80 1300

Plastic foam 0.032 70 75.32

Aluminum 237 2702 903

Polystyrene 0.036 105 795

Glass (plate) 1.4 2500 715

Wood 0.087 350 1590

In the following part, a study of the heat transfer ( conduction, radiation, convection) is done to know

about the insulation effects, and the heat exchange between the ambient temperature and the ECM.

Conduction:

it is a process when the heat is directly transferred into a material of a substance and between two

solid regions.

Here, the action of the conduction take place between the external and internal surface of the

insulation in the ECM.

The general equation of the heat happened by conduction is:

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 dT k∗A
qx= -k*A* dx = L (Ts,1-Ts,2)

where:

L: thickness [m],

k: Thermal Conductivity [w/m.k]

A: Area [m2]

Ts,1,2: surface Temperature [k]

The thermal resistance for conduction in a plan wall is expressed as:

T s ,1−T s , 2 L
Rt,cond = qx = K∗A

Convection:

it is a process when the heat is transferred between a fluid into a material of a substance.

Here, the action of the convection take place between the air (ambient temperature) and the

insulation.

The equation of the heat happened due to the convection is:

q=hA(Ts-T∞)

where:

h: coefficient convection

A: Area [m2]

Ts: surface Temperature [k]

T∞: ambient temperature [k]

The thermal resistance for convection of the air in the system.

Rconv=1/hA

Radiation:

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It is a process when the heat is transferred by an electromagnetic wave into a material of a substance.

Here, the action of the radiation take place between the insulation and inside the ECM.

The equation of the heat happened due to the radiation is:

qrad = hr*A(Ts _ Tsur)

where:

where hr is the radiation heat transfer coefficient:

A: Area [m2]

Ts: surface Temperature [k].

Tsur: surrounding temperature

The thermal resistance for radiation in a plan wall is expressed as:

Rrad=1/hr.A

The circuit of the heat exchange between the external and internal sufaces is drown in the figure

below

Figure 3.6: thermal resistance circuit

3.1.2. Resistor

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To maintain heat inside the box we need to use a heat generator to achieve a temperature of 37°Ϲ.

This temperature is necessary for the egg to hatch in a healthy way. To achieve this temperature,

using a radial heater is the best way. This heater is working by electricity of 220V.

Figure 3.2: circuit diagram for resistors and fan.

In this phase, the elctric power will be transformed into heat to maintain a constant temprature inside

the ECM.

A Fan will be used to change the air inside the ECM .

3.1.3. Humidity

The humidity is one of the most important factor for the hatch of the egg. It is important to prevent

unnecessary loss of egg moisture. The average of the humidity inside the incubator machine should

be between 58-60%. When hatching, the humidity increases to 65%. To obtain the necessary

humidity inside the machine, a humidifier machine should be used. It contains a controller to

maintain the necessary value of humidity. In addition, it consists of a compressor, pump, Air-jet

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nebulizer, drying bed and humidity probe. All these components are connected to the humidity

sensor as shown in figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3: humidifier system.

3.1.4. Sensors

Humidity is measured via a humidity sensor. For temperature measurement, thermocouple is usually

used. For accurate and effective readings, thermocouple K-type is used. Figure 3.4 shows a

thermocouple K-type (2 AB)

Figure 3.4: K-type thermocouple

For humidity reading humidity sensor used, as shown in the figure 3.5.

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 Figure 3.5: humidity sensor.

3.1.5. Rotating Device

The egg needs to rotate 2 times per hour or the chicks will die, usually an automatic rotation

mechanism used to do that .it work by an electric motor that make the plate rotate where the egg

placed about an angle 45 degree. The machine commonly used is shown in the figure 3.6.

Figure 3.6: Rotating machine.

3.2. CALCULATION

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In the following part we are going to calculate each part were described in the last section

3.2.1. INSULATION

Referring to table1 we saw that the polystyrene and plastic foam are the best material to isolate the

heat related to the thermal conductivity and density in ECM

The dimension and area of each side in the machine were presented in the table 2 with the thickness

is 3cm, T∞=300 K, Ti=310 K, K= 0.036 [w/m.k], hair=20 [w/m^2.k]

Table 2:The dimension and area of each part in ECM.

Side Area (Cm2)

Bottom 54*50
Sides 54*85

Back 50*85
Top 54*50

Front 50*84
(with glass window)
Glass Window 30*40

All the dimension represents in the figure 3.7 below

Figure 3.7:

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The figure 3.8 is represent the top and bottom side we are going to study the heat transfer through the

conduction, convection and radiation with the thickness of the insulation is 3 cm.

Figure 3.8: top and bottom view

t=3 cm

A=54*50=2700 cm^2

T s ,1−T s , 2 L
Rt,cond = qx = K∗A = 0.03/(0.036*0.27) = 3.086

Rconv=1/hairA=1/(0.27*20) = 0.185

Rrad=1/hr=1

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 Figure 3.9: front and back sides

Figure 3.10: left and right sides

3.2.2

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3.4 conclusion

In this chapter we have calculated all data nedded to build an affectif ECM.at first we conclude the

best material to use to isolate heat ,then heat transfer studies been solved for ECM condition

CHAPTER 4. DESIGN, APPLY HEADING 1

4.1. LEVEL 2 SECTION, APPLY HEADING 2

111Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1This chapter presents the design itself in terms: block

diagrams, detailed architecture, and calculation.

Figure 4.4: First Figure in Chapter 1

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 212\* MERGEFORMAT (.)

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 CHAPTER 5. RESULTS, APPLY HEADING 1

5.1. LEVEL 2 SECTION, APPLY HEADING 2

312Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1This chapter presents the simulation and/or

measurement results. It could compare them with the requirements and any design calculation

performed in the design chapter.

424\* MERGEFORMAT (.)

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 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION

513Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1Conclusion of the project.

636\* MERGEFORMAT (.)

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 APPENDIX A. TITLE OF THE APP A

A.1. LEVEL 2 IN APPENDIX, APPLY HEADING 6

711Equation Chapter 1 Section 1For the captions in Appendices, you must use copy-paste

from the figures and tables below.

Figure A.5: First Figure in Appendix A

Table A.3: First Table in Appendix A

A-D A B C D
1 A1 B1 C1 D1
2 A2 B2 C2 D2
3 A3 B3 C3 D3

A.1.1. Level 3 in Appendix, apply Heading 7

A.1.1.1. Level 4 in Appendix, apply Heading 8

818\* MERGEFORMAT (.)

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 APPENDIX B. TITLE OF THE APP B

B.1. LEVEL 2 SECTION, APPLY HEADING 2

912Equation Chapter (Next) Section 1For the captions in Appendices, you must use copy-

paste from the figures and tables below.

Figure B.6: First Figure in Appendix B

Table B.4: First Table in Appendix B

A-D A B C D
1 A1 B1 C1 D1
2 A2 B2 C2 D2
3 A3 B3 C3 D3

B.2. FOR THE REFERENCES:

B.2.1. Main menu  References  Citations and Bibliography: Select the style is IEEE 2006.

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 Figure B.7: How to select style for reference

B.2.2. To cite a reference

B.2.2.1. Reference Tab Insert Citation  select “add new source”

Figure B.8: How to insert citation

B.2.2.2. Add the appropriate fields, example:

Figure B.9: How to fill the reference fields

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B.2.2.3. To add the citation number in the text, Reference Tab  Insert Citation  select the desired

source, example [1].

B.2.2.4. Let’s do another example Journal citation [2].

Figure B.10: How to fill the reference fields…another example

B.2.2.5. To generate the Bibliography, go to the appropriate section, Reference Tab 

Bibliography.

10210\* MERGEFORMAT (.)

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 REFERENCES

[1] John Smith et al., How to add IEEE Reference style to Microsoft Word, Beirut, Lebanon: LIU,
2011.

[2] John Smith and John Doe, "Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transaction on Mobile
Computing , vol. 1, no. 2, p. 12, 05 2010.

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