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    Jas Gas Kinetics Rev1 0

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    The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and key concepts like gas pressure, translational kinetic energy, and root mean square speed. It provides definitions and equations for these terms and explains their relationships to temperature, density, and other variables.

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    Jas Gas Kinetics Rev1 0

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    5 views17 pages
    The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and key concepts like gas pressure, translational kinetic energy, and root mean square speed. It provides definitions and equations for these terms and explains their relationships to temperature, density, and other variables.

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    The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and key concepts like gas pressure, translational kinetic energy, and root mean square speed. It provides definitions and equations for these terms and explains their relationships to temperature, density, and other variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views17 pages

    Jas Gas Kinetics Rev1 0

    Uploaded by

    trinhdq2015
    The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and key concepts like gas pressure, translational kinetic energy, and root mean square speed. It provides definitions and equations for these terms and explains their relationships to temperature, density, and other variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Drs. Jaslin Ikhsan, M.App.Sc., Ph.D.

    Chemistry Ed. Department


    State University of Yogyakarta

    Kinetic Theory of Gases I:


     Gas Pressure
     Translational Kinetic Energy
     Root Mean Square Speed
    GASES
     Gases are one of the most pervasive aspects of our
    environment on the Earth. We continually exist with
    constant exposure to gases of all forms.
     The steam formed in the air during a hot shower is
    a gas.
     The Helium used to fill a birthday balloon is a gas.
     The oxygen in the air is an essential gas for life.
    GASES

    A windy day or a still day is a result of the difference in


    pressure of gases in two different locations. A fresh breeze on
    a mountain peak is a study in basic gas laws.
    Mixture of gases
    The Kinetic Molecular Model for Gases
     Gas consists of large number of small
    individual particles with negligible size
     Particles in constant random motion and
    collisions
     No forces exerted among each other
     Kinetic energy directly proportional to
    temperature in Kelvin 3
    KE   R T
    2
    The Ideal Gas Law

    PV  nRT in K
    n: the number of moles in the ideal gas
    N total number
    n
    NA of molecules

    Avogadro’s number: the number of


    atoms, molecules, etc, in a mole of
    a substance: NA=6.02 x 1023/mol.

    R: the Gas Constant: R = 8.31 J/mol · K


    Pressure and Temperature
    Pressure: Results from collisions of molecules
    on the surface
    Force
    F
    Pressure: P
    A Area

    dp
    Force: F Rate of momentum
    dt given to the surface

    Momentum: momentum given by each collision


    times the number of collisions in time dt
    Only molecules moving toward the
    surface hit the surface. Assuming the
    surface is normal to the x axis, half the
    molecules of speed vx move toward
    the surface.

    Only those close enough to the


    surface hit it in time dt, those within
    the distance vxdt
    The number of collisions hitting an area A in
    time dt is 1 N 
     A vx  dt
    2 V 
    Average density

    The momentum given


    by each collision to
    the surface 2mvx
    Momentum in time dt:
    1 N 
    dp  2mv x    Av x dt
    2 V 

    Force: dp 1 N 
    F  2mvx    A v x
    dt 2 V 

    Pressure: F N 2
    P   mv x
    A V

    Not all molecules have the same v x  average v2x


    N 2
    P  mv x
    V
    2
    vx 
    1 2 1 2 2 2
    = v  v x  v y  vz
    3 3

    2 1 2 1 2
    vx = v  vrms
    3 3
    vrms is the root-mean-square speed
    2 2 2
    2 vx + vy + vz
    vrms  v 
    3
    1 N 2 2 N 1 2 
    Pressure: P  mv  mv
    3V  
    3 V 2  

    Average Translational Kinetic Energy:


    1 2 1 2
    K  mv  mvrms
    2 2
    2 N
    Pressure: P   K
    3 V
    2
    From PV   N  K and PV  nRT
    3

    3 nRT 3
    Temperature: K    k BT
    2 N 2
    R 23
    Boltzmann constant: k B   1.38  10 J/K
    NA
    1 2
    From PV   N  mvrms
    3

    N
    and PV  nRT  N RT
    A
    Avogadro’s number

    N  nN A
    3RT
    vrms 
    M Molar mass

    M  mN A
    Pressure  Density x Kinetic Energy

    Temperature  Kinetic Energy


    (a) Compute the root-mean-square speed of a nitrogen
    molecule at 20.0 ˚C. At what temperatures will the root-mean-
    square speed be (b) half that value and (c) twice that value?

    3RT
    vrms 
    (a) M
    3RT 38.31 J/mol  K  293 K
    vrms    511 m/s
    M 28.0 10 kg/mol
    -3

    
    2
    vrms T 
    (b) Since vrms  T 2 
    vrms T
    2 
    for 0.5 vrms  0.5 T  73.3K = -200 C
    T

    2 3 
    for 2 vrms  2 T 1.17 10 K = 899 C
    T
    Please estimate the root mean square
    mean velocity of Hydrogen gas.
    A. 2000 B. 1000 C. 500
    E. 250 D. 100 m/s
    What is the average translational kinetic energy of nitrogen
    molecules at 1600K, (a) in joules and (b) in electron-volts?


    K  k BT  1.38 10 23 J/K 1600K 
    (a) 3 3
    2 2
     3.3110 20 J

    (b) 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J

    3.31 10 20 J
    K 19  0.21 eV
    1.60 10 J/eV 3
    K   kB T
    2

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