FSTC CS 03 04 67 - 1967

Description of document: Army Foreign Science and Technology Center (FSTC) CW
(Chemical Warfare) Materiel - North Vietnam, FSTC-CS-

03-04-67, October 1967
Requested date: 28-February-2022
Release date: 19-May-2023
Posted date: 29-May-2023
Source of document: During COVID Pandemic conditions: Email
FOIA Request
Commander, INSCOM
ATTN: IAMG-C-FOI
2600 Ernie Pyle Street
Fort Meade, MD
20755-5995
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
UNITED STATES ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND PRIVACY ACT OFFICE
2600 ERNIE PYLE STREET
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This is in reponse to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request of February 28,
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We have completed a mandatory declassification review of the INSCOM information in

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Commander
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command
Freedom of Information/Privacy Office (APPEAL)
2600 Ernie Pyle Street, Room 3S02-B
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-2-
If you have any questions regarding this action, feel free to contact this office at 1-866-
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Sincerely,
HEATON ' MICH Digitally signed by
HEATON.MICHAEL.TODD.
AEL.TODD.116 1160922015
0922075 :~~~023.05.1907:12:59
Michael T. Heaton
GG-15, Director
Enclosure Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Office
UNClASSIFIED \
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: -.t ~t-l~HAN.G'B~ :t;,.~~t~.¢~p:y, •
•. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
t U.S . ARMY
FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER
CW MATERIEL--~ORTH VIETIAM (U)
NO FOREIGN DISSEM EXCEPT U.K., CANADA,

AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND.
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' - - - - t 00 WN GR A O E O AT 12 YE AR I N TERVA L S;i - - - -- - - - - - - ..llllib-Mli~-w,J--119-fif----..__J
NOT AUTOMATICA L LY DECLASSIFI ED
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(U) Product Identification: FSTC-CS-03-04-67
(U) Product Type: Trend Study
.. (U) Product Classification: SECRET /NO FOREIGN DISSEM EXCEPT U, K, •

CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND
(U) "Product Title: CW Materiel--North Vietnam '(U)
· (U) Publication Date: October 1967
(U) Planned Revision: None
(U) FSTC Task No . : 7 -50 3014
(U) b3
(U) Topic Tags: CW materiel, chemical agent, flamethrower, grenade, protective
clothing, CW decontaminatio~ equipment, chemical warfare, detector kit,
protec.tive mask, decontamination ki.t, improvised CW materiel, CW
r e search and development, CW trend, incendiary device .
(U)
(S/ NFE) Abstract: This study describes North Vietnam' s current CW materiel
capabilities for engaging in offensive and defensive chemical warfare, and
provides a forecast 9f future capabilities, The study is based principally
on intelligence information and on reports of exploited enemy equipmetlt.
The analysis is based on factual reports when possible, supplemei:ited by
explanations and considerations based on background knowledge of related
aspects of intelligence, Based on this analysg·, the following conclusions
can be made: (1) North Vietnam is dependent on foreign sources for effec -
tive types of CW materiel; (2) North Vietnam's CW materi el capability is
insignificant; and (3) this capability will remain inadequate in the foresee -
able future .
(U) Pages: 63
(U) Tables: 0
(U) Illus trations: 2 5
~~O FOREIG~4 DISSEMANDEXCENEW 1

PT U.K., CANADA, AUSTRAllf, 1ss2
ZEALAND
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CW MATERIEL--NORTH VIETNAM (U)

t,
October 1967
(Based on information available as of February 1967)
b3
WARNING NOTI CE
This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United
States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws (18 U.S. C. 793, 794), the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is pro-
hibited by law.
The security control marking NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION EXCEPT U.K., CANADA,

AUSTRALIA , AND NEW ZEALAND, abbreviated "NFE," applies only to those paragraphs so ·
marked.
NO FOREIG~~ DISSEM EXCEPT U .K., CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND
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PREFACE
(U)
~ This study assesses the current and future importance of offensive and
defensive chemical warfare {CW) materiel to North Vietn9:m' s military potential.
The assessment places special emphasis on sources of supply and quantities avail-
able. State-of-the-art and the effectiveness of indiv.idual models or types of
equipment are also emphasized.
(U)
-te) The study is of special significance because of the need to assess present
and expected CW capabilities of the enemy opposing U.S. and Allied Forces engaged
in combat in Vietnam. Because ground warfare is currently confined to South Viet-
nam. the geographical area of North Vietnam is treated separately. to some extent,
from the combat areas of South Vietnam. North Vietnam may have stockpiles of
CW materiel for use if that nation were invaded, or which might eventually appear
in greater quantities in combat areas to the south. The lack of evidence to affirm
such stockpiles is co·nsidered an outstanding gap in CW intelligence.
(U)
-f€-)- In this study, personnel believed to belong to formal North Vietnamese
military units are referred to as the North Vietnamese Army (NVA); after infil-
trating South Vietnam. these personnel may have become indistinguishable from
their allied guerrillas, the Viet Cong (VC). Basic data have not always distin-
guished between the two elements.
(U)
-tSt- North Vietnam's policies on the use of toxic CW agents are not k,nown to
have b een formalized, or stated. Information has not been obtained from any
individual alleged to have high-level or overall information on North Vietnam' s
CW materiel capabilities or military alliances which would provide CW materiel.
Most of the information used in this study emanated from U.S. military sources
in South Vietnam who obtained it from captured equipment and documents and by
interrogation of prisoners and defectors, incl uding "returnees."
iii
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TABLE O F CON TENTS
Par.
PREFACE --- -- - - - --- - ----- - -- - - -- - ---- ---- - ---- - - - - - - - - -- - - - iii
SUMMARY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vii
"' Section I. CURRENTLY AVAILABLE CW MATERIEL
A. Offensiv~ CW Materi el
Materiel Available in North Vietnam ------- - --------------- 1 1

Materi el Empl oyed in South Vietnam ----------------------- 2 1
B. Defen sive CW Materiel
Materiel Availabl e in North Vietnam ------ - -- - - - ----------- 3 3

Materiel Employed in South Vietnam ---------- ----- -- --- - - - 4 6
Section II. CW MATERIEL RESOURCES
A. Domestic Resources
Research a nd Development in North Vietnam ---------------- 5 7

Econ omic Limitations --- - ---- - --------------------------- 6 7
Production - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 8
B. Foreign Resources
Offensi ve Materiel 8 8
Defensive Materiel 9 9
Section III. TRENDS
Recent Trends --------- - ---------- -- -------------- - - -- - -- 10 10

Future Trends--------- - --------------------------------- 11 10
APPENDIX:
•·
Technical Characteristics of CW Equipment Available to
NV~/VC Forces --- ------------------------- - --------- - - 11
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SUMMARY
(U)
-ts)- North Vietnam lacks types and quantities of chemical warfare (CW) materiel
with which to conduct offensive CW on a significant scale. Except for unknown
quantities of flamethrowers, no holdings of standard types. of offensive CW materiel
o'
have been confirmed. Improvised weapons, such as incendiary and tear agent gre-
nades~ are available in small quantities. Grenades of these types are used in South
Vietnam, and white phosphorus artillery and mortar rounds and flamethrowers
may be in use. None of these items is used extensively.
(U)
-#,}- Although North Vietnam possesses several types of Soviet CW defensive
equipment, larg:e quantities are not known to be available. · Domestically produced
defensive materiel, which has been rather widely distributed among forces in the
combat areas, includes improvised masks (which provide virtually no protection
against.CW agents) and severaYtypes of fairly effective personal _decontamination
kits.
(U)
-fSt Only standard types of Soviet equipment have been identified in North Viet-
nam, and the possibility exists that significant quantities of defen sive CW equipment
are held in North Vietnamese depots. Among this equipment are vehicular types
used in CW reconnaissance, detection, and decontamination, . but they have not been
reported in the combat areas of South Vietnam. Small quantities of standard CW
defensive equipment are provided combat elements in South Vietnam; these ele-
ments are numerically better equipped with improvised m;:i.sks and domestically
produced self-tr eatment kits.
(U)
(S/NFE) North Vietnam lacks a capability to produce significant types and
quantities of CW materiel. The nation is, and will remain, d.e pendent on friendly
foreign sources for CW materiel. Although these sources are capable of providing ·
large quantities of offensive and defensi ve items, they probably will not provide
North Vietnam with means of engaging in offensive CW to a significant extent. ·
(U)
iS)- The conclusion can be made that North Vietnam's CW materiel capability
is poor and will remain so.
vii
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(U)
Section I. (S/NFE) CURRENTLY AVAILABLE CW MATERIEL
(U)
A . (S/NFE) OFFENSIVE CW MATERIEL
(U)
1. -fSt- MATERIEL AVAILABLE IN NORTH VIETNAM
;,
a. The North Vietnamese do not possess suffi~ient types or quantities of CW
materiel to conduct offensive CW on a significant scale. Arsenals in North Viet-
nam are not known to contain stocks of ch'e micals commonly associated with CW
(such as toxic, incendiary, and smoke screening agents) or the munitions or
devices for. dtsseminating these chemicals. Limited quantities of CW materiel
items may be available, however, if only for training purposes or for use in
defensive actions.
b. North Vietnam is known to have the Soviet Model LPO portable flame-
thrower; although the total number is unknown, some chemical units are equipped
with them. This outstanding model does not have a separate pressure tank, thereby
greatly simplifying logistics; furthermore, the LPO ha's three identical fuel tanks
which form an excellent low silhouette. The existence of other items of offensive
CW materiel in North Vietnam has not been verified . Although some offensive CW
materiel item~ have been established as being in use by NVA/VC forces operating
in South Vietnam, their origins have not been traceable to North Vietnam.
(U)
2. (C/NFE) MATERIEL EMPLOYED IN SOUTH VIETNAM
a. Equ1pment Identification. Communist combat forces operating in South

Vietnam have used tear ageQ.t grenades, phosphorus grenades, and flamethrowers
to a limited extent; however, the NV_A /VC forces are not currently equipped with
types and. quantities of materiel for conducting offensive CW operations on a sig-
nificant scale. Because the offensive CW materiel u_s ed in South Vietnam usually
lacks identifying characteristics, determination of country of origin is difficult, if
not impossible.
b, ·Grenades.
( 1) Because the Vietnamese are adept at improvising military devices in

small factories or workshops, they are encouraged to capture U, S, CW materiel
for use by NVA/VC guerrillas in improvised devices as well as in its original
form. Several styles of CW grenades captured from Communist forces in South
Vietnam may have been improvised~
. (2) More than 1200 hand grenades filled with riot control agent CS (o-
chlorobenzylmalononitrile) were captured, but conclusive evidence is lacking as to
their origin. Laboratory analysis of the CS filling showed it to be identical with that
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used by the United States. Markings and other details suggest that the grenades
may have been made by removing the original filling (possibly HE from an offensive-
type g:r;enade) and reloading with CS from captured U.S. munitions or bulk
containers.
(3) A number of locally manufactured, bursting-type chemical hand gre-

nades, which contained plasticized white phosphorus as the filler, were also cap-
tured. A spherically shaped, sodium-filled incendiary grenade (used for sabotage)
and a cylindrically shaped grenade filled with white phosphorus and napalm may be
improvised types of offensive weapons.
c. Flamethrowers.
(1) Flamethrowers and flamethrower fuel thickener are the only standard
types of CW offensive materiel reported in use by NVA/VC forces in South Vietnam.
At least six Soviet.-type LPO-50 flamethrowers and small quantities of two types of
fuel thickener have been captured in South Vietnam. Laboratory tests performed
on these items (page 13 of the appendix) demonstrated that the LPO-50 1 s perfor -
mance depends largely on the chemical and physical character istics of fuel s used
in it. In tests with fuel mixed with captured Sqviet-type OP - 2 thickener, the effec-
tive range was 20 to 80 yards and the center of deposit was 55 to 70 yards. In tests
with a- captured fuel mixture which contained natural -rubber thickener, the weapon
performed unsatisfactorily; the fuel broke up in flight, and its effective range was
30 to 70 yards. The captured OP-2 thickener was composed of aluminum salts of
naphthenic acids. This thickener makes an excellent gel with a minimum of
stirring. The flamethrower must be t horoughly cleaned after use to prevent fu el
breakdown. Even then, fuel mixture stored in the flamethrower will break down
within 12 days. although it would remain in good condition if. stored in the mixing
barrel.
(2) Despite the known presence of flamethrowers in South Vietnam, only

two or three reports of their use have been received; flamethrowers are not known
to have been used in any specific engagement nor to have inflicted casualties.
(3) Intelligence on organization of chemical units and their authorized

chemical equipment is in complete; however, NVA chemical units are present in
Sou th Vietnam. "Light" and "heavy" flamethrower companies have been men-
tioned, but their compositions are unknown.
(4) No two-wheel, cart mounted flamethrowers (such as the Model TPO

used by Soviet heavy flamethrower companies) have been detected in Vietnam.
Although ~me VC source repqrt ed in u se a flamethrower which has two fuel tanks,
no model is definitel y known to be employed except the LPO- 50, which has three
tanks. The Soviet Model ROKS-3 flamethrower, which has two tanks, is obsolete
in the Soviet Army but may have been the two-tank flamethrower reported in
Vietnam.
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d. Other CW Materiel. Little evidence is available to indicate that NV A/VC

forces have used flame and incendiary weapons in South Vietnam. Toxic ·c hemi-
cal mines, grenades, and artillery rounds periodically reported in use by the VC
are believed more likely to have been either smoke ·munitions or HE rounds
which, because of incomplete combustion, · generated noxious, gaseous-composi -
tion products with irritant effects particular ly noticeable in enclosures or other
areas where air movement might be restri cted.
e. Conclusions.
(1) North Vietnam is inadequately equipped for offensive CW; greater em-
phasis is given defensive types of CW materiel.
(2) Any VC chemical agent capability is virtually· nonexistent, and chemical

operations are limited to the employment of i rritant grenades and probably infre-
quent flamethrower attacks . . The VC recently have used tear agent (CS) grenades
and white phosphorus grenades .
(3) The following CW offensive items have been identified in South Vietnam:
Portable flamethrower. Model LPO-50

Sodium incendiary grenade (for sabotage)
Cylindrically shaped napalm/white phorphorus grenade
Tear agent CS hand gre nade
Technical characteristics are lis ted in the appe ndix .
(U)
. B, -fSt DEFENSIVE CW MATERIEL
(U)
3. -fSt- MATERIEL AVAILABLE IN NORTH VIETNAM
a. Quantities and Identification.
(1) All CW defensive materiel positively identified in North Vietnam is of

Soviet origin and includes truck-mounte·d decontamination equipment. manpack
s prayers, personal decontamination kits, chemical agent detector kits, prote c tive
mask assemblies, and protective clothing. These Soviet items are generally con-
sidered good to excellent for their intended purposes. Domestically produced
personal decontamination kits and improvised protective masks. similar to those
captured in South Vietnam. are probably also available in North Vietnam; the
locally produced kits contain useful components. but the improvised masks provide
virtually no protection against cw· agents. Total quantities of CW defensive items
available to the North Vietnamese have not been reported or estimated. In all
probability. any significant accumulation of CW items would be primarily intended
for use in defense of North Vietnam, rather than for use outside the national
boundaries. This distinction might apply -especially to the truck-mounted
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decontamination equipment, which is better suited for u se in populated areas and

on developed road systems than in the s treams, paddies·, and jungl es and on the
mou ntainous terrain of South Vietnam.
(2) The small quantities of CW defensive mat e riel that have been captured
in South Vietnam may indicate that stocks in North Vietnam are relatively small.
A possibly valid, but unconfirmed, report p~ovides limited information on quan ti-
ties of CW defensive materiel in North Vietnam . According to this r eport, a
"chemi cal defense battalion " is l ocated in each North Vietnamese military district
a nd ts equipped with the following: about 40 vehicies (incl uding CBR r econnais-
san ce, decontami~ation, and l aboratory vehicles); 15 manpack decontamination
spray devices; 4 an emometers; and 1 set of individual protective equipment (pro -
tective cape , _protective suit, protec tive mask, and canister) for each man. Based
on this report the following equipment is probabl y authorized and issued tc;, chemi-
cal units: ·
Detection kit, Model PKhR-54 (or variation thereof)

Protective mask, Model ShM- 1
Can ister, Model MO-4U
Lightweight protective suit, Model L-1
Decontamination appar atus, manpack, Model RDP- 4
Decontamination kit for personal weapons, Model ?
Decontamination apparatus, truck - mounted, Model ARS- 12U
Decontamination appar atus, truck-mounted, Model DDA-53
Decontamin ation apparatus , truck-mounted, Model ADM-48D
b. Characteristics. The principal characteristics of significant defensive

C W materiel it ems are outlined in the following paragraphs. Detailed technical
characteris t ics of the Soviet types of equipment and of domestically produced
decontamination k its a nd protective masks are p resented in the appendix .
(1 )' Detection devices . The PKhR-54 detector kit contains a hand-operated

pump used to pull air through glass indicator tubes that react with toxic agents in
the air to give characteri stic color changes. St andard U . S . toxic chemical agents,
including sarin (GB) but probably not VX , are detectable with this kit. Although
no automatic alarms for toxic chem ical agents have been specifically reported, the
Soviet CBR reconnaissance vehicles mentioned above are usually equipped with the
Model GSP-1 automatic alarms, which are believed capabl e of detecting the n erve
agent sarin and activating both audibl e and visual alarms. The GSP-1 also detects
beta/ gamma radiation and activates the same alarms . In a ny e vent, crews of
these CBR reconnaissance vehicl es would at least have the PKhR-54 detector kits.
(2) Protective masks. T h e most significant item of defensive equipment

list ed above is the Soviet protective mask Model ShM-1. which, with the MO-4U
canister and connecting hose, constitutes the latest kn own Soviet mask assembly
for general issue. The hood-type facepiece compl etely covers the head , forms a
tight peripheral seal , and has a double outlet valve which prevents backleakage
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into the facepiece, Used with the M0-4U canister, the Sh M-1 offers excellent
protection against all known standard toxic chemical agents (including nerve agents)
and against most probable BW agents in either the vapor or aerosol state. The
ShM-1 mask, however, would be extremely uncomfortable io wear under normal
Vietnamese climatic conditions.
( 3) Protective . clothin g. The lightweight protective suit Model L-1 would

provide excellent overall body protection against percutan eously effective toxic
agents. Stocks of these s u its are probably limited, ·however, even for distribution
" to chemical personnel. General-issue items for overall body protection against
liquid toxic chemicals are believed to be virtually nonexistent.
(4) Self- aid and first aid kits. Various directives mention the use of
atropine syrettes for treatment of nerve agent casualties and amyl nitrite inhalants
for treatment of casualties from hydrogen cyanide, but no information has been
received on the actual issue of these items. Some locally made individual decon-
tamination kits are provided with soap and antiseptics to prevent and treat infec-
tions; the kits also cont'ain solutions to minimize the burn effects from white
phosphorus .
(5) Collec tive protection equipment. No collective protectors either for

field shelters or for use on armored vehicles are believed to be available.
( 6) Decontamination equipment. Decontamination equipment ranges from

t he crude, locally manufactured individual decontamination kits, which could be
partially effective, to the Soviet manpack·and truck-mounted devices described in
detail in the appendix, Although the Soviet items are probabl y few in number, the
individual items have excellent capabilities for the decontamination of both nerve
and blister agents from personnel, clothing, small arms and other personal equip-
ment, weapon s, vehicles (including armored vehicles), and terrain. One out-
standing exampl e of such items is the DDA-53 truck-mounted apparatus, capable
of supplying steam for decontamination of clothing in the chambers mounted on the
truck bed, and simultaneously furnishing hot wat er for the decontamination of
personnel.
(7) Other CW materiel. A few additional allegedly Soviet items reported

in North Vietnam lack sufficient descriptions for id.entification by model numbers:
(a) A " chemical laboratory truck, 11 equipped for use in testing to

identify CW and RW contaminants.
(b) 11 Antiatomic radiation suit No. 1, " described as a protective cape

made of thick cellophane , It may be comparable to commonly used, disposable
·c apes carried in protective mask carriers.
(c) A "laundry truck, 11 a 10 - wheel truck equipped with a crane hoist

and a steel tank, 1 meter in diameter x 1. 3 meters high {possibly the Soviet
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decontamination boiling installation BU - 2). In use the tank is lowered to the

gr ound, filled with water, and heated, and contaminated clothing is washed in it.
(d) 11Anemometers"--equipped with air speed and direction indicators,

a compass, and a thermometer--provided among CBR reconnaissance equipment.
(U)
4. --tS)-- MATE RIEL EMPLOYED IN SOUTH VI:£TNAM
Some major differ_ences are apparent between the types of CW defensive equipment :,
used by NVA/VC forces in South Vietnam and the types availabl e in North Vietnam.
a. Standard Equipment.
(1) Only standardized CW materiel items have been identified in North

Vietnam; a, few standard items have been captured in South Vietnam, but non-
standard or improvised items are predominant. Evide9ce has not indic ated that
standardized items are availabl e in significant quantitjl~s to the Communist ele-
ments. Only a small percentage of these el ements a.re believed to b e equipped
with effective masks or other sophistic ated protective equipment.
(2) Although truck- mount ed CW equipment is available in North Vietnam,

none has been reported in the combat _areas of South Vietnam. Aside from the
possibility that this equipment may be in short supply, several additional reasons
might help to explain its absence in the south: logistical problems related to poor
roads and difficult terrain characteristics; the characteristic guerrilla tactic·s
generally employed; and l ack of a serious belief in a toxic agent thr·e at.
(3) Stnall quantities of the following Soviet- type items have been captured
in South Vietnam:
Detection kit, Model PKhR-54

Protective mask, Model Sh M-1
Canister, Model MO-4U·-
Lightweight rubberized coverall with integral hood and boots
Gl ove, protective, rubberized· fabric, two-fingered ·
Decontamination kit, individual, Model IPP
Decontamination kit for personal weapons
Detailed technical characteristics of these items are provided in the appendix.
b. Improvised Items and Methods .
(1) Considerabl e emphasis is placed on locally produced, improvised self-

treatment k its and protective masks, as well as on training and on literature which
provide elementary education in the use of this equipment . Certain corrl:ponents of
the self,-trealment kits are known to b e useful against CW contaminants; other
components are too primiti ve to be judged. Readily available substances_, such as
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lime and urine, are among those recommended by NVA/VC for decontamination.
Cloth and plastic sheeting are used in improvised protective masks, of which sev-
eral types may be availabl e. Although these masks provide virtually no protection,
they are strongly advocated in training and doctrine for use against herbicides,
defoliants, and tear agents (all lethal according to NVA/ VC doctrine) as well as
more toxic agents. The training and the availability of these masks may have the
following psychol ogical effects, the net value of which c annot be estimated: (1)
Users may have acquired enough confidence in the masks to prevent fear of fighting
in a CW-contaminated environment, (2} reliance on the use of the improvised masks
in contaminated areas could lead to disastrous results, (3) more knowledgeable
users may be unwilling to fight in a suspected CW environment, and (4) the training
and literature may have intensified resentment against U. S. employment of chemi-
cal agents.
(2) The following items of improvised CW d efensive equipment a r e used by

NVA/VC forces operating in South Vie tnam:
Self-treatment kit containing seven packets

Self-treatment kit containing five packets
Decontamination kit (with antismoke ~ixture)
Protective masks (improvised types)
Technical characteristics of these items are provided in the appendix.
(U)
Section II. (S/NFE) CW MATERIEL RESOURCES
(U)
A . -(-St DOMESTIC RESOURCES
(U)
5 , -tS-) RESEARCH AND .DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH VIETNAM
North Vietnam is not believed to b e engaged in research and development programs

on offensive types of CW materiel . . A few simple, locally fabricated items which
have been captured in South Vietnam reflect lack of sophisticated features. No
evidence is available to indicate the presence of any CW research fao'ilities or the
employment of scientists engaged solely in CW research and development. North
Vietnam will probably not attain a sufficient background in scienc e and technology
to support and promote CW research in the foreseeable future.
(U)
6. -fSt- ECONOMIC LIMITATIONS
CW materie_l production in Nor:th Vietnam is limited, in part, by the inability to

produce complex machinery and equipment. An additional problem is the la~k of
large manufacturers of chemicals, petrochemicals, insecticides, and
pharmaceuticals--all of which are indicators of CW agent production capabilities.
Of the 18.1-million population in North Vietnam, less than 10% are employed in
industry. The nation's ability to provide CW materiel is therefore limited by its
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scientific/industrial structure. Another important limitation is imposed by 't he

lack of national wealth; in 1965, the gross national product was estimated to be
only $1. 7 billion, or $94 per capita (U.S. dollars). Th_e se industrial and economic
limitations preclude the likelihood of the development of a significant CW capability
in North Vietnam without strong assistance from foreign sources.
(U)
7. -te)- PRODUCTION
a. North Vietnam is not known to have any significant physical facility or

organized means of manufacturing CW materiel or of producing standardized items.
The probability must not be overlooked, however, that small, scattered plants in
North Vietnam are turning out rudimentary items. The Vietnamese have de~on:.
strated the aptitude for improvising devices by using whatever is available. In
addition, throughout more than a, decade of local wal'.fare, the Vietnamese have
gained experience and have had ample opportunities to examine captured and
abandoned French and U . S. CW equipment.
b. During the current involvement of U.S. Forces in Vietnam, several locally

produced items of CW materiel have been captured from NVA/VC forces . Of the
offensive-type weapons captured, none is believed to have been produced in North
Vietnam; the weapons were probably made in small workshops in South Vietnam.
Captured items have included a mortar round filled with red pepper, a sodium
incendiary (sabotage) grenade, grenades filled with napalm/white phosphorus (WP)
mixture, a type of grenade filled with _WP alone, and another filled with tear agent
CS (believed captured from the U.S. Army). Defensive items have also been cap-
tured and have consisted of various types of crude protective masks and decon-
tamination packets for individual use. Origin of the improvised masks is not
known, but their production would not ·require factory equipment, The decontami-
nation packets, however, with features indicating more sophisticated packaging
techniques, may be products of North Vietnam.
{U}
B. (S/NFE) FOREIGN RESOURCES
(U}
8. (S,'NFE) OFFENSIVE MATERIEL
a. North Vietnam appears to be almost totally dependent on foreigt:\ sources

_for offensive CW materiel. Modern items, in all broad categories of CW materiel,
are available in some other Communist countries in sufficient quantities to support
large-scale uses in Vietnam. Current evidence indicates, however, that none .of
these countries is providing the comprehensive outlay of equipment that would be
required to wage offensive CW; in fact, except for a few flamethrowers, no offen-
sive equipment of foreign origin has been identified. Although the Communist
countries are capable of supplying North Vietnam with toxic agents, dissemination
s ystems, and other materiel in quantities that would support significant offensive
uses, it appears highly improbable that they will do so. A rational decision would
be expected to include considerations of the following problems:
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(1) Antagonistic world opinions regarding offensive CW.
(2) u. S. capabilities to retaliate with, and defend against, CW agents.
(3) Logistical problems in supplying North Vietnam with toxic agents .and
means of handling, storing, and disseminating them, and with special protective
equipment that would be required.
(4) Training North Vietnamese personnel adequately in offensive and

defensive CW.
· (5) Ascertaining· the· feasibility of engaging in- all-out chemical warfare

with respect to local conditions of climate, vegetation, topography, and human
population.
(6) Weighing the anticipated gains against the overall effort and risk.
These formidable problems· should discourage a foreign source from providing

North Vietnam with an offensive CW capability. Otherwise, Communist China or
the Soviet U_n ion could provide effective defensive materiel and CW agents ranging
from World War I types to the highly lethal nerve agents.
b. Communist China is credited with capabilities to produce the lung irritant

phosgene ·(CG); the blister agents mustard (H) and lewisite (L); the systemic
poison hydrogen cyanide (AC); the harassing agents diphenylchlorarsine (DA) and
adamsite (DM); the tear agent chloroacetophenone (CN); and, probably, the nerve
agent sarin (GB). The U.S. S. R. is c~pable of producing all these and, in addi-
tion, the nerve agent soman (GD) and a V-type agent.
(U)
9. -(€t- DEFENSIVE MATERIEL
North Vietnam employs several items of s tandard Soviet CW defensive materiel

(see par. 3 and the appendix). No evidence is available to indicate that the Soviet
Union has supplied large quantities of any of these items , and, based on numbers
of items captured in South Vietnam, total quantities are probably small. Com-
munist China has supplied protective masks, but information as to quantities and
types is not available. Medical and pharmaceutical supplies which originated in
other countries have probably contained compounds which would be u seful in
treating CW injuries. Small quantities of atropine (a nerve agent antidote) have
been identified among equipment captured from the VC. The captured atropine
appeared to be supplied for medical uses not related to CW therapy.
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(U)
Section III. -tS}- TRENDS
(U)
10 . ~ RECENT TRENDS
The North Vietnamese have acquired an awareness of the dangers of modern CW

agents and offensive weapons but have provided extremely limited means o~ pro-
tection against them. Also to a limited extent. Communist China and the U. S. S. R.
have provided training and modern types .of offensive and defensive materiel; the
training methods· and. types of.materiel are basically of Soviet origin. In addition
to this foreign assistance, _the North Vietnamese have improvised training methods
and materiel which are crude by modern standards but which may represent maxi-
mum native capabilities. Under existing. pressures and strains ·o f war, North
Vietnam's domestic capabilities for developing and producing CW materiel cannot
be expected to improve significantly. ·
(U)
11. -fS} FUTURE TRENDS
In all ·probability, foreig~ sources have not supplied, nor will supply, toxic agents
or defensive CW materiel in sufficient quantities to support large-scale offensive
or defensive CW. The conclusion can be made, therefore, that North Vietnam
lacks significant CW materiel capabilities and will not develop them. The NVA/
VC will, however. continue to introduce nonstandard types of CW materiel on a
small scale.
10
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APPENDIX (C)
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CW EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE TO NVA/VC FORCES (U)
A. CW MATERIEL IDENTIFIED IN NORTH VIETNAM (U)
Flamethrower, Model LPO- 50 ·---- - -- ------------------------- - ---- - - 13

Suit, Protective. Lightweight, Model L-1* ----------------------------- 15
Decontamination Apparatus, Manpack, Model RDP-4* ------------------- 17
Decontamination Boiling Installation, Truck-Mounted., Model BU-2 - - ----- 19
Decontamination Apparatus, Truck Mounted, Model- ARS-12U* ----------- 21
Decontamination Apparatus , Truck-Mounted, Model DDA-53* ----------- - 23
Decontamination Apparatus, Tru~k-Mounted, Model ADM-48D* ---------- 25
B. STANDARD COMMUNIST CW ITEMS SUPPLIED TO

NVA/VIET CONG FORCES IN SOUTH VIETNAM (U)
Flamethrower, Model LPO - 50 - ----- - - -- - - - -- --- - - - -- - -- - - -- --- - --- - -- 13

Flamethrower, Portable, Model ROKS-3** - -- -- -- - - - - - - - -- - - -- -- - ----- 27
Detection Kit, Model PKhR-54 --- - ------ - ----- - ----------------------- 29
Mask, Protective, Model ShM-1 ----------- - --- ---- ------------------- 31
Canister~ Model MO- 4U -------------------- -- -- - -- - -- - ---- ----- ----- 33
Coveralls, Rubberized, Lightweight, With Integral Hood
and Boots, Model ? -----------------------'------------------------ 37
Glove , ·Protective. Rubberized Fabric, Two-fingered, Model ? ---------- 39
Decontamination Kit. Individual, Model IPP - -------- - - - ---- - ------ - - -- - 41
Decontamination Kit for Personal Weapons, Model ? -- ---- --------- ----- 43
C. LOCALLY PRODUCED CW ITENiS PRESENT IN SOUTH VIETNAM (U)
Grenade, Hand, Tear Agent CS, Model T-766B ? --------------------- - - 45

Grenade, Napalm -------------------------------- - -- - ----------- -- -- 47
Grenade, White Phosphorus-- - ---------- - - -- -- - --- - - ---- - ------ -- - - -- 49
Grenade,. White Phosphorus and Napalm -- - --- - -------- - -- - - - -- - --- -- -- 51
Sodium Incendiary Device - - - - - - - -- -- - -- --- -- - -- - -- - -- -- -- - - -- - - - - - -- - 53
Decontamination Kit (with Antismoke Mixture) --------- -- ---------- - ---- 55
Self-Treatment Kit Containing Seven Pack.e ts ---------------T----------- 57
Self-Treatment Kit Containing Five Packets---------------------------- 61
Protective Masks (Impro.vised Types) ---------- --- -------------------- 63
* Presence probable but unconfirmed.

** Presence unconfirmed. (See Par. 2c, p. 2.)
11
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FSTC-CS-03--04-67 CONFIDENT~AL
Ncx,fENCLATURE: Flamethrower., Model LPQ-50 (North Viefoamese designations L-5 Gun and AT-64 Rifle)
(U)
. (C/NFE) The LP0- 50 is believed to be the most recent model Soviet-developed portable flamethrower.
The LP0-50 comprises a back-packed tank group with three fuel tanks, a tank group manifold leading
to a hQse which connects the tanks with a flame gun assembly, and a flame gun with bipod. The
weapon 's trigger fires each tank individually and selectively by meaus of an electrical system.
Electricity, provided by dry batteries located in the gun, is used to fire a pyrotechnic pressurizing
charge at the top of each fuel tank and an ignition charge at . the gun muzzle to discharge each tank-
ful of flame fuel. Pressure generated by the pressurizing cartridge forces the fuel through the hose
to the gun. The fuel is ignited by the other charge at the muule. Three ignition cartridges, one
for each tank of fuel, are inserted in chambers at the muzile when the weapon is being prepared for
firing. The larger fitting which protrudes from the top of each fuel tank serves as the filler plug
and as the holder for the pressurizing pyrotechnic cartridge. The smaller fitting which also pro-
trudes from the top of each tank is a pressure- relief valve. A one-way check valve, located in the
bottom of each tank, prevents fuel and pressure from blowing bacli: i nto either of the other t"o tanks.
(U) According to Soviet specifications, the effective range of fire is 40 to 50 meters (45 to 55
yards); the maximum high trajectory range is 70 meters (75 yards) ; all three tanks can be fired i n 5
to 7 seconds, and the flame fuel is composed of gasoline and a Soviet-type OP-2 thickening agent.
The operating instructions state that the flamethrower's performance will be influenced by the prop-
erties of the fuel mixture, especially the viscosity of the mixture and the ambient temperature at
ti111e of use.
(U)
-{€t- Th~ U.S. has exploited LP0-50's (believed to be products of CoDllllunist China) and two types of
flamet.hrower fuel, all of which were captured in Vietnam in 1966. • In field tests , performance
* U.S . Arnrt FSTC Exploitation Report; Flamethrower, Portable (Copy of Soviet LPO-SO, and Components);
FSTC 5352- 1S8-65, July 1966 , C~FIElliNTIAL/NO'f RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NiltTIOl~>!cLS
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NOMENCLATIJRE: Flamethrower, Model LPO-50 (North Vietnamese designations L-5 c;;un and AT-64 Rifle)
varied with quantities and types of thickeners used and with the characteristics of the gels that
were formed. The optimum mix with captured OP-2 thickener (aluminum salts of naphthenic acids) was
4\, with fuel breakup in flight and incomplete fuel ignitfon. The effective range was 20 to 80
yards, and the center of deposit 55 to 70 yards. Another type of captured flamethrower fuel con-
tained natural rubber and performe·d unsatisfactorily; i t broke up in flight , and its effective range
was¥) to 70 yards . The LP0-50 was also tested with the U.S. Type M-4 thickener which, when 2.0 to
2.5\ was used, had an effective range of 40 to 75 yards and a 50- ~o 60~yard center of d~posit, In
these tests it was concluded the fuel breakup in flight may have been caused by the LP0-50's high
operating pressure when used in conjunction with the nozzle opening of 5/8 inqi.
(U)
-te,- The physical characteristics . of the LP0-50 are as follows:
14
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co~·IFllOIE~7F~AIL ~ : FOM-2-8415-4-3
NOMENCLATURE: Suit , Protective, Lightwe ight, Model L-1 ,(U) COUNTRY: u.s.s.R. *
~IVE DESIUNA!rION: nErKHA: 3ADIHTHYA KOCTIOM, JI. l ADOPl'ED: 1955 or earlier
(U)
-te-) The M:xlel L-1 lightveight protective suit is made of rubbe~-coated cotton fabric for use by
CBR re~onnaissance units. It canprises a hooded blouse (FOM-2-8415-2-2 or a comparable one), trousex
with integral rubber- soled buskins (FOM-2-8415-3-1), a hood liner, one or two pairs of gloves
(FOM- 2-8415- 6-1), and a carrying case for •the ensemble. Tight closures are· provided at the ~1st and
· at face ; head, sleeve, and leg openings to prevent entry of body- contaminating spray or aerosols . A
protective IIBSk is normally used with the suit to protect the face and the respiratory system in
·contaminated areas. ·
(U)
--f6tThe t-txiel L-1 protective suit affords good b~ protection against 11W and CW agents and agains
particles that emit alpha and beta radiation.
• Prob~bly 11vai111ble in No rth Vietnam,
15
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. ¥()M-2-84l5-4-3
CONFIDENTIAL FSTC-CS-0~04-67
(U)
~ : Suit, Protective, Lightweight, Model L-1 (U)
rr•
;i. CURREl'f.r STA!l.'m:

------------- Standard 3 PEBF'ORMAM:!E:
2 PHYSICAL DATA:
a Liquid agent penetration --- Good
b Ef't'ects or cold ------------
r esistance
Remains fiexible
a It!. terial. -------------------- Cotton cloth with C Tensile strength Good
-----------
rubqer coe.ting on d Tear resistance ------------ Good
one side e Breaking strength ---------- Good
b Color ----------------------- Brown green 1
c Weight ---------------------- 6.6 lb 1
d Size ------------------------ Three
.
16
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UNCLASSIFIED ITEM: FOM-2-4230-2-2
NOt£I«:utlUlE: Decontami nation Apparatus, Manpock, Model RDP-4 COUN'fflY: U .S .S .R. *

NATIVE DESIGNATION: PAHUEBWA nErA3AUHOHHWA OPHBOP Pnn~. ADOPl'ED: 19li8
PUMP HANDLE SPRAY NOZZLE
EXTERNALLY
MOUNTED
PUMP
POSITION OF ~
HANDLE IN USE "\.
The r-bdel RDP-4 decontamination apparatus, designed primarily for backpack operation, features an
externally mounted hand pump ths.t eli.mina.tes the problems arising from the location of' the pump 1n
the Model RDP-3 spray apparatus (FOM-2-4230- 2-1). other components of the RDP-4 are: (1) A tank,
which has a l.arge filling aperture fitted with a screwdown lid and a filter screen; (2) a f'lexibl.e
hose through which the PUIIIP del.ivers air to the tank; (3) a screen over the outlet point to reduce
the danger of clogging :Ln the discharge line and nozzle; (~) a cutoff valve on the discharge line;,
and (5) a circul.ar scrubbing brush that rray be fitted to the nozzle ,
The decontaminants prescribed f'or use in the RDP-4 are dichloramine-B or -T. in dichloroethane, and
bleach slurry, which is corrosi ve to aietal and therefore requires thorough cleaning of the compo-
nents immediat&ly after the decontamination procedure is carried out.
The Model RDP-4 is replacing the .RDP-3 and is stamard equipment on certain truck-mounted decon-
tamination apparatus . The ADM-481> (FOM-2-4230-3-3) is fitted with six; the ADM-750, as well as t he
ARS-12U (FOM-2-4230-3-1), carries four to six for remote operations.
*Probably available in North Vietnam.
17
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Page 186 of 478_.

FOM- 2-423()-2-2 UMCB..ASSIF~E!D FSTC.GS-03-04-67
NOl£NCIATURE: Decontominolion Apporotv~; Mo.npock, Model RDP-4
1 CURRENT STATIJS: ...................... Standard 4 DmONTAMINANTS: ---------- See remarks

2 MAJOR COMPONENTS: 5 PERFORMAN::E:
a Tank ----------------·----- M:!tal a Coverage------------ ----- ? (see remarks)
c
b Pump---------------------- Metal
Hose ------- --------------- Rubber
b Discharge rate ----------- o·,7 to 0.85 qt
per min at 25 to
,d Straps-- ----- ------ ------- Webbing 30 strokes per
min
3 PHYSIC/iL DATA: c Operating pressure .............. ?
a Capacity-maximum - --------- 3 gaJ.
-working - --------- 2.2 gal?
b Weight-filled ------------- 44 lb
-empty-------------- 18 l b
c Dimensions-length - -------- 14 in ?
-vidth --- ---- --- 7 in?
-height------ --- 24 in?
RE~1ARKS:
CW agents Decontaminants
Item 4. M.lstard and levisite Dichloramine- B or -T
(on wood and metal) 1n dichloroetha.ne
Mustard and nerve agehts meach slurry
(on terrain and vehicles)
Item 5a. The Soviets claim that one f11.11ng will decontam1nate 4o rifles, or 4o light
machineguns, or 15 heavy machineguns, or 2 cannons, or l armored tank.
18
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UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03-04-67 CON.FIDENTiAL ITEM: FOM-2-4230-3-9
NCl,!ENCLATURE: Decontamination Boiling Installation, Truck-Mounted, Model BU-2(U) COUNTRY: U.S.S.R.*
NATIVE DESIGNATION: SY~'1llASHAfl YCTAHOBKA. SY-2 PROUUCEO: 1940?
- EXHAUST STACK
BOILER
DUMPING HANDLE
STEAM OUTLET
SHAFT JOURNAL
FURNACE DOOR FURNACE
UNCLASSIFIED
(U)
-t€j- The Model BU-2 apparatus is used to decontaminate clothing by boiling. Comprised of two tilt-
able kiers, each equipped with a furnace, and a reserve tank, this truck-mounted unit can be operable
in about 30 minutes. (The crew can fill each kier with water in 6 minutes, and the reserve tank in
15 minutes.) The furnaces are capable of heating water from 50° F. to 212° F. in SO to 60 minutes by
using solid fuel, and in ~Oto SO minutes with internally mounted steam coils.
(U) .
--fGt Except for having only one kier, the BU-3 (FOM-2-4230-3-10) is identical with the BU- 2.
• Probably available in North Vi etnam,
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CONFIIOIE~TIAL FSTC-CS-03-04-67
NOMENCLATURE: Decontamination Boiling Installation, Truck- Mounted, Model eu-2(U)
(U)
,-,
1 CURRENT STATUS: - ---- Maybe obsolete S PLUMBING SYSTEM: ---------- Does not apply
2 MAJOR C(),lPONENTS: --- 2 tiltable boiling kiers 6 DECONTAMINANT: 2\ soda i n water
with separate furnaces
7 PERFORMANCE:
3 CARGO TANKS : a Coverage------------------ See remarks
a Capacity-maximum---- Each kier, 92.5 gal; b Discharge time------------ Does not apply
reserve tank 185 gal c Discharge rate------------ Does not apply
- working -- --------- Does not apply d Operating pressure-------- Does not apply
b Weight-filled-------?
-empty-------------? 8 GENERAL DATA:
c Dimensions-length --- ? a Carrier-type-------------- ZIL-5
-width------------- ? -capacity---------------- 2-1/2 ton
-height------------? b Crew---- ------------------ 6
c Miscellaneous equipment --- See remarks
4 PUMPS:
a Power-driven Does not apply
b Hand-operated Piston-type water pump
REMARKS:
Item 7a. Max decont ami-
Item nation by both Capacity of Boiling time (hr)
units in 24 hr each Kier
Underwear 1300 sets 50 sets 0.5
(linen or cotto"(l)
Cotton uniforms 1000 sets 40 sets 0.5
(linen or cotton)
Rubber boots 60 pairs 30 pairs 1
Rubber gloves 6000 pairs 300 pairs l

Item 8c. Hand pump, hand wringer, field drying-equipment, wheelbarrows, shovels.-
20
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FSTC-CS.03-04-67 lUJ~Cll.ASSO fF~lElO l'l!EM: FOM-2-4230-3-1
NOME?«:~: Decontamination Apparatus, Truck-Mounted, Model ARS-12\J Commrt: U .S.S.R . *
l'fAfiVE Dl!S~GBA1'IOB: ABTOMOBHJlb PA36PY3rMBATEJIHOR OfCTENY, APC-12Y ADOP!BD: Prior to 1962
CARGO ACCESSORIES PIPE AND CONTROL

TANK CHEST VALVE ASSEMBLY
The versatile M'.ldel. ABS-120 CW decontamillation apparatus, installed on a ZIL-157 chassis, can be
driven to a contaminated obJect or eetabliebed at a decontamination point to which such objects are
brought; it 1a capable ot traneportillg water and pumping it directly to ahOW'er head.a; e.nd it can
serve as a water-reservoir or water-supply vehicle for other decontamination equipnent that rurxusbes
hot water or ste8lll to shower units, laundry facWtiee, and steam chambers. A=ill.ary equipnent that
adds to the versatility of the appe.ratUB is provided for \Ille in performing apecial tasks. For ex-
lll!1Ple, nozz.J.es v1th Jets or various sizes rray be attached to the discharge pipe tor road, e.nd terrain
decontamination, tor spray1.1:1g· large or smaJ..l objects, or for f1111ng small containers; a diatribution
pipe vith atcnizers may be connected to oi;ie of the diacharge pipes at the rear of the truck tor dis-
seminating smojw, or it may be emplaced el sewhere a~_l!upplied _through hoses lead,ing frOJll the cargo
tank. Liquid decontaminants are conducted tbrougll h ose s to decontaminate vehicles and equipment.
1-t,.Jor· components ot' tl'le ARS-120 inclme an oval- shaped (unpressurbed) cargo tank equipped v1th
tvo wave baf'tlea, a t=nover guard, body walkvays, pipe handrails, a mallhole, and a depth gage; a
self-priming pump powered by the truck' s engine tnrough a special drivesha!t, tor delivering 75 to
100 gal.lons ot vater per minute at 1400 to 1.600 driveshaf't revolutions per minute; a double-ac tion
ham pump that delivers 12 to 15 gal.lons of vater per mintite at ~5 str"o kes per minute; aDd a plumbing
system consisting of 111etaJ. pipes emerging !ran the tap ot the tank and beDd:lng torvard and downward
to connect v1th the power pu111p.
Except tor minor dittereocea, the ARS-l2U is ldeotical vith the Model ARS-l 2D, ao earlier versl on
ot the decontamination apparatus, vhich vas mounted on the ZIL-151 chassis.
•probably available in North Vietnam._
21
lU~CILASS~ IF·~IElD
Page 190 of 478

llJtNICILASSD !FlllED FSTC-CS.03-04-67
NOME~I..AiURE: Decontamination Apparatus, Truck-Mounted, Model ARS-12U
1 CURRENT STA1'US: ----------- Standard 5 PLUMBING SYSTEM: •-•·••- - --- Rigid metal pipes
2 MAJOR COMPONENTS: --------- See text 6 DEX:ONTAMINANTS: - - ---------- See remarks
; CARGO TANK: 7 PERFORMANCE:

a Capacity-max:1.rnl.Ull ---------- 680 gal a Coverage ------------------- ? (see remarks)
-working----------? b Discharge time -----------~- 7 to 10 min
b Weight -filled-- -----------? c Discharge rate~------------ 75 t o 100 gal
- empty------------- -? per min (max)
c Dimensions- length - -------- ? d Operating pressure---- - - - -- ?
-vidth ----------?
- height-- -------? 8 GENERAL DATA:
a Carrier-type--------------- ZIL-157
4 RJMPS: -cape.city----------- 54oo lb liqu:id
a Fever-driven -------------- Gear-type wter and equipment
pump b Crew --------------- - - ------~. driver,
b Hai:ld- operated ------------~ Piston- type wter equipment
pump operator
c Miscellaneous equipment See remarks
REMARKS:
Contaminated items • CW agents Decontaminimtsl
Item 6. Roads and terrain Mustard, leviaite, 0 -agents Elllulaion of 16\( chloride of lime
and l~ vater glass in. water
Roads and terrain Mustard, levisite, aarin, l~ solution of sul:turylchloride
somao in -~icbloroethane (or petroleum)
Combat equipment Mustard, levisite , 1~ solution of dicbl.oramine-T
and clothi~ V-agents in dicbloroethane or in carbon
tetrachloride
Vehicles and 0-agenta 21, sodium hydroxide , 5~ mono-
weapons ethanolamine, and 20'{,, ammonia
in water
1 Selected rcr their effect.heneaa a1alnat speciflc CW •1eota. •• well •• for thelr l•clr: of
deatructlv! effect■ on metal and fabr-k,
Item· 7a. A maximum of eight large items, such as vehicles OI' tanks, can be decontaminated simultaneously with
spray from hoses hooked to a special manifold having eight outlets.
Item Sc. S ix chests of ancillary equ~pment are carried alongside the cargo tank.
22
.U.NCLASSIFIED
Page 191 of 478

FSTC-CS-03-04--67 UNClLASSllrFOfe!O) ITEM: FOM-2-4230-3-2
NO~LA'IURE: Decontominotion Apparatus, Truck -Mounted, Model DDA-53 C0llN'mY: U.S .S.R.*
NATIVE DESIGNATION: llE3 MH•EKUHOHHO - .llYWEBAfl YCTAHOBKA, ll.llA-5 3 ADOPrED: 1958
,.
•.
-., -·
The M:xlel DDA- 53 truck- mounted decontamination apparatus, also referred to as the ADA, con.sists ot
tvo steam chambers, each vi.th two pressure- tight doors; an RI-3 vertical. boiler (about 53 to 79 gal-
lons ' capacity) that heats water and generates steam; a fuel-oil t;ank (15 gallons' estimated capacity,
tor 8 to 10 hours' operation); a pump tor till1n8 the system or delivering water t o points ot use;
a formaldehyde tank; a 12-head portable shower unit; and accessories . A shower tent 1s transported
on a cargo truck.
This apparatus can be used to steam-decontaminate clothillg and equipment contaminated with CW and
BW agents, and to supply hot water for shower baths and tor wshing contaminated equipment. For
the steam-decontamination process, clothing and equipment are s uspended tr0111 hangers in the
chambers, and pressurized steam is admitted through pipes in the floor. Ammonia (parti cularly tor
neutralizing nerve agents), or formaldehyde (tor BW decontamination), 1Dlly be added to the steam
through a vessel on top ot each chamber. Nonspore-torm1Ji8 micr obes are destrcyed when exposed to
steam at l8o° F. tor 0.5 hour, or to steam and 2.5 ounces of formaldehyde at 138° F. tor 0.75 hour;
spore-forming organisms are exposed to steam at 208° F. tor 3 to 3.5 hours, or to a mixture ot steam
and 16 ounces of torlllllldehyde at 138° F. tor 2.75 hours. The cbaaabers can attain a maximum tempera-
ture ot 212° F,
• Probably available in North Vietnam.
23
UMCILASSillFlllElD
Page 192 of 478

FOM--2-423()-}-2 lUJINJCILASSD ~~ rED °FSTc-CS-04-04-67
lf~IA!l.'URB: OecOfltamination Apparatus, Truck-Mou_nted, Model DDA-53
1 CURRERT STATU3: ----------• Standard 5 PWMBING SYS'IEM: ----------- See relllll.l'ka
2 MA.JOR .Cc»4PONENTS: --------- See text 6 D~Oll'MMIRAN'IS: ------------ Bee text

} CARGO TANK: 7 PERFCIRMA8'.r8:
a Cal)B.City-maxinn.un a Coverage ------------ - - ----- See renBrkJI
-working ----------
____.__ _____ See
See renarkJI
remarks b DiScharge tillle ------- -.- ---- Does not apply
b Weight-f111ed ------------- Does not apply o Discharge rnte -------- ----- Does not apply
- empty ------------.-- Does not apply d Operating preasure •••---·-- In chambers,
c D1mensions-1ength ------- -- Does not app].y 57 1b per aq
~width - --------- Does not apply 1n (nia.x)
- height--- ------ Does not app].y
8 GEHERAL DN.CA:
. 4 PUMPS: a Carrier-type--------------- GAZ-51 and
a ~-driven---- - - - ---- --- Does not apply GAZ-63
b Ham-operated--------- ---- P1.ston-type vater -capaci ty ------ ----- ?
pump
(M:>de1 IIFIC)
b Crew --------~--------------
3 enlisted men
c Mtacellaneous equipment ---- Brookeatack,
T
atoani 1njec-
tors, tentage,
boee1, protec-
tive clothing
"RE)WUQ:I:
Item }a. Thia mcde1 is not equipped with water storage tanks , but i a su,pplled directly
trom ponds, streams, or mobile equipment such as the ARS-120 decontaad.nation
apparatua (FOM-2-42,0-}- 1) .
Item 5. Metal pipes conduct a team h'OII the boiler to the bott011a ot tbs tvo steeaa
challlbera . Rubber hoses convey ate1111 tr011 the boiler to the decontamination
chambers, and bot water to the shover tac1litlea auembl.ed nearb)'.
Ite111 7a. The 63-cubic -foot-volume steam chamber holds approximately 25 to 30 s - r
unlfoms, ·or 20 winter uniforms , or 12 abort sheepskin coats. By 118ing
diesel fuel to supply beat to the boiler, the DDA-53 can wash and disinfect
hourly, in sumer, 80 unifor111s contaminated vith nonapore-f01'1ling microbes ,
and 1n vlnter, 481 or it can provide enough bot \later per hour 1n , _ r
for 90 to 100 showers, and in winter tor 70 to 72, Tbe rates at vhicb cw-
contaminated ite111s are decontaminated are not known .
24
IUMCILASSIFIED
Page 193 of 478

UNClASSlrlED
FSTC-CS.0·3.-0!l-67 . C_
( )~ lFlDIEMJ-1.Ali,.·, ITEM: FOM-2- 42~~3"3...
NOMENCLAWRE: Decontaminotio·n ·Apparo_M, Truck-Mou_nted, M~~el AOM-480 (U) COUN'lRY: U. S·,·S. R. * _
NATIVE DESIGNATION: ABTOlJErA3 AUHOHHAR MAWHHA, AJlM-48 ll ADOPI'ED: Prior to 1958
TAUCII
~11
F=:::;~=~--CAltGO TANK
.
I
IM+-- - - - - - + t t - l N METAL CASE
,_ _ _ __,ILLING HOLE
METERING DEVICE
- - -- ---MEASUJING ROD
NLET. OUTLET
LINE TO l'UMP
---IM'--ANTIS!'\)RT TANK
t i - - --tHl:---f-.'PUMP. HANDLE
~----jlot--l'UMP
- l l t - - - l E l ! - -DISTRIIIUTOR HOSE
ANO OUTLET IOX
- l+l-++!-t-- -it---11!:::f:;:::::i- ACCESSORY CHESTS

VALVE CONTROL
IOX.U~DER TRUCK
q;~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ! : : ; = ; ~ ; ; ; ; ~
· i1'---soLVENTTANK
UNC1ASSIFIED
b3 I
b3
(U) Each decontami.n ation unit consists of a cargo tank, a hand pump, a pressure"equa.lizing tank
to reduce surging that results from the sl°"-acting hand pump, a plumbing system, a metering device,
accessories, tools, ancl spare parts. A 17-gallon, rectangular, steel tank normally filled with the
solvent dichloroethane is stored on the carrier.
(U) The Model ADM-48D also supplies water for field showers arxl. laundry facilities. It can be
set UP for operation in about 30 minutes, and requires about 66 square feet of working space.
• Probably available in North Vietnam.
25 ·
CQN Fl 91EM'f1Al ... .
' . .... • 4 : • , ~· - • • • • •, ~ •• ·' . ... . ~ !"..
UNClASSlrlED
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Page 194 of 478 Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-0l-Vl
UNClASSlrlED
CONF~-DEN1~Al FS'IC-CS-03-04-67
IlOlEI£IATURE: Decontominotion ApparoM; Truck:..Mounted, Model ADM-480 (U)

(U)
l CURRENT STATOS: - ------- - Standard · 6 DmOlftAMINAN'lS: ------- - - See text

2 MIIJOR COMFONENTS: ---~--- See tex~ 7 PERFORMANCE:
a Coverage----- ----------- 1 (~ee remarks)
3 CARGO TAN¥: b Discharge time ---------- Varies with use
a Cape.city-maximum - ------- 264 gal (132 gal c Discharge rate---------- 26 qt per min
each tank) d Operating pressure ----'-- 14 lb per sq in
-working--------?
b Weight-filled ---- - ------? 8 GENERAL D.A!l!A:
--empty-- - - -------- ? a Carrier-'type ---------- - - GAZ-51 and GAZ-63
c Dimensions-length------- 3,6 ft -capacity---- - --- 236() lb equipment
-width-------- 2,7 ft and 2050 l b (264'
-height------- 2,3 ft giu) decon-
tamination fluid
4 PUMPS: b Crev -.---- --.- ----- --- ---- Crew chief, driver,
a Poirer-driven --------- --- Does not appl.y and 2 chemical
b l:hnd-operated - -- - - ------ 2. Pi~ton-type de- enlisted men
. contaminant c M1.scel.l.aneous equip-
pumps (I~tra, ment-----------~------ See remarks
1-blel Nr. 2)
(see reimrks)
5· PWMBillG SYSTEM: _..:______ 2 identical. systems
with rigid metal
pipes
REMARKS:
Item 4b. This model, a double-action pwnp, is equipped with a :filter, pressure ~e, and
three-way control valve;- its suction lift. is 15 feet .
Item 7a. TW'elve decontamination points may be served, simultaneousl.y by hoses ·extending
from this apparatus; artille.r y decontamination kits (carried prefilled), rna.npa.ck
sprayers, and basins permit decontamination a t ~ additional. points.
Item 8c. A-DK artillery decontamination sets, RDP-4 !llllllpB.Ck sprayera, buckets, nozzles,
bruahes, marking stakes, protective clothing, BP1'\Y hoses, measuring cups, a
funnel, tools, ·spare parts .
26
ceMF.ID°tENT~Al.
UNClASSl~IED Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
FSTC.CS-03-04-67 U.NCLASSU IF_IIED. ITEM: FOM-2-l04o-2-4
NOMENCLATURE: Flamethro- r , Portable, Model ROKS-3 COUffl'RY: U. S. S. R. *
NATIVE DESIGNATION: PAHUEBblA orHEMET POKC-3 ADOPli:D: Prior to 1939
The Model ROKS-3 portable fl.Amethrover he.s a single cylindrical fuel tank vith a filling aper-
ture centrally located at the top, and a bottle filled vitb compressed nitrogen attached to the s i de.
A spring-loaded pressure-release valve is located beside the f i lling aperture. A hose connects the
fuel tank to the flame gun. The gun contains ten 7.62-111111 igni tion cartridgea 1n an ignition cylinder
that advances automattcally arter each shot to bring the next unf i red cartridge into the firing
position .
The flamethrower ts operated by pulling the trigger to release the spring-loaded valve that
allows t he fuel to be e j ected. A f urther pull on t he tri gger causes the firing pin in the bolt to
c0111e for vard to strike one of the cart ridges in the ignition cylinder. Flame fr<llll the cartridge is
de.fleeted into the fuel stream to insure ignition. When the trigger is released, the valve cl.oaea
off the fuel supply.
The ROKS-3 is obsolete in the U.S.S.R., and has been replaced by the Mod.el LP0-50 portable
f lamethrower (FOM-2 -1040-2·3).
• Possibly used in North Viet nam.
27
UNCLASSIFIED
-·,.·•·... . ...-~~· ,· ...·..,.~
Page 196 of 478

u~ico..ASS·O
IFO iEiri. FSTCCS-0~04-67
NOMENCLATURE: Flamethrower, Portable, Model ROKS-3

l CURREN!' STATUS: 7 PERFORMANCE:
-----. Obsolete in U.S.S.R .
a Range-thickened fuel----- 35 m
2 USIIC COUNTRIES: - - --- Albania , COOllllunist b -unthickened fuel- - ----- 15 m
China, Czechoslovakia, c Duration of burst -- ---- -- 5 to 6 sec
Bulgaria, Hungary, d Rate of fire ----------- -.- 0 .3 gal per sec
Poland, Rumania, e Pressure-pressure tank - - - 2200 psi •
Yugoslavia, Egypt, f -fuel tank' --.-~-- --- ----- 2?0 to' 250 psi
North Korea? ,
North Vietnam?
3 VEHICLE MOUNT: ··-· -·· Does not apply

~ FUEL:
- -
•·····-·-T------
·
Petrol eUIII vith
thickener
5 CAPACITIES:
a Fuel (total) ----'-·.··· 2,l .gal
p Igniters-Nr. ----- - -·- 10
6 PHYSICAL 'DATA:
a Gun length----------- 3.6 ft
b Hose length-- - - ------ 3.8 rt
c Tanlc group-height · ··- 1,7 ft
d -width-------·-- - - - 9 in od 1
e -dept)l ______.________ Does not apply
f ',(eight-filled ---- ~--- 51.6 lb
g -empty-------------- 32 lb
28
UMC~SSDIFIEID
Page 197 of 478

UNClASSIFIED
FSTC.CS-03-04-67
CON FD IDIE~'lFBAlt "ITEM: P'OM-2~5-}-1
NO~LA!l\lRE: Detection Kit, Model PKhR- 54 (U) COOl'flffl': \!,S~S~R~*

NAl'IVE DF:3IGNATIOB: OPH60P XHMH~ ~CKOR PAlBEnKH, nXP-54 ADOPmD: 1960 ?
l',d~:::~-i..'·.1~~:i~ .~.\~
·..«~· ..u -< !.-J~.iru . , .i
'; ,~ . ·"·l~·-~~-- o.~' •
.:;-,q[f',fc:t'!/&t~~i~;i;, · •t~ • ...
:~::·~~-.:· \~:~~:- ~i
!~,.: }.;·• ..~
i~t __. _" -~

1!1,;g~;~- ~\;i!J;.
(U) .
· -(e-}- The military Model PKhR-5i. detection kit can detect and 1dentUy knOIIIl toxic CW agents a~ -can
sample SlllOkeB a.nd .un1dent1t1ed toxic chemical.a in air and on terrain auJ. materiel. I t may a.lJlo be
used to id.ent,ify an agent vh1ch has triggered an automati c al.arm, e,g.:, the Soviet .~ •WP-1 . Waist
strapl!.ao:i a strap over the right shoul.der secure the metal ca.rryillg case on the let't side behind the
11881'.- The vearer moves the case 1n tront and opens the lid to perform tests.
M . . .
-tet,- In the case is a hand- operated piston-type air pwup vith nozzle (air circulates through t;~s
inserted in the nozzle at about 1 liter tor 25 to 3() strokes), glass indicator tubes (10 each 1n paper
packets), smoke t i :J(tel'!I, protective gloves, tape tor marldng coota,ninated areas, tlaahl..lght, inst~-
tion 's heet, report torme, trowel, a.nd two jars tor SBIIIPling. Printed instructions state .~be number
of pump strokes tor types of tubes, list temperature restrictiODS, 1.ncl\Jl,e a stand.a:rd ~ent concen-
trati on color chart tor cOIDpariJig col or cmi:igea, and specify tube lite. The smoke filters screen
smoke particles before incomiJlg air reaches the tubes, and prevent reactiona betveen the particles
and the reagents; the trapped particles may be sent to a laboratory tor analysis.
M . .
.W, · F.ach tube ·contains a porQus material and one' or tvo sDBli glass ampoules o:r reagen:t near the
ends, For ·testing, both·-scored. ends. of' a tube are broken oft (~ .a recess 1n the p ~. )landle) to
permit air to be· pwnped through, and. one to five tubes are inserted 1n holes 1n a rubber ~topper in
the nozzle• s intake. U the· air is chemically contaminated, the por01,., material. rray c ~ e ~olor
(vhich is compared vith the color chart ). A metal pin 1n the center 01 each ot eight color-coded
holes in the pump handle punctures reagent empoules· vhen the tubes are inserted in the holes·. The
reagent released intp the · porou.s material me.y cause a color cbl.nge vhen the air is pUJIIPed through.
To trap an •unknOW'll agent tor analysis, any tube is opened and the pump is stroked.
(U) , .
~ other dfi:tec~ion kits which are similar to a.nd rray be identical. with the PKhR- 54 include
Bulgaria's PKhR-50 and PKhR- 51, East Germany ' s Chemical. Indicator ~, Hungiu-y' s M:del VSF Detection .
InstruJDent, and models .in Poland, Communist China, North._Korea, North. Vi~tnam, and probably l_rumania •.
•Captured in Vietnam in 1966.

29
CON IF~ IDIENTIAIL-··
UNClASSIFIED
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Page 198 of 478 Au111Eoc:l S, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl
UNCLASSIFIED
CO~IFijlDIE.N1F0AH.. FSTC-cS-03-04-67
5))£11:I.MtJRB: Detection Kit,.Model PKhR-S4 (U) (U)
.•-
' ..
.l CURRBlfr S ~ : -----·--..- Stao!ard } P!aSICAL DATA:
a .Appearance Metal carrier
2 ~: ------------------- Portable ---------·-
b D1Juens1ons-caae -~--- 8.25 X 4.75 X }.5 1n
C -detector ---------- 'l'llbe length, 4.5 in
d - pump Length, 7.5 in;
-----------·--
dia1 2 1n
. e !Weight 6 lb } oz
--------------
'!able I (C). · ~cator 'l'llbe :t.ta (u)
Ring Color at Amr10Ules

Sensitivity .. 'l'llbe lite Before
color After
code Agent (mg/1 ) (yr) test test
One SarinI SOIIIIUl1 0.0003 2 Wh1te . Light yellov to·

red tabun light Ol'8llge
One Jf.ydrogen 0.005 5 White Pale violet to
black cyanide violet
One Phosgene, 0.005 5 White Green to blue-
green diphOBgene, green
chlorop1cr1n
Two Cyanogen o.ooa 2 White Pink to red-

green chloride raspberry
One Sulfur IIIUBtard 0.00} l Le1110D- Red Oil yellOlf

yellov yellov background
Tiro Nitrogen 0.001 5 White Onuige-red Oil
yellov mustard yellov b a c ~
Three Lewi.site 0 . 002 } White Red

yellov
One Chloroacetopbe- 0.0001 5 White Pink to raspberry

white none
-
Two Nlafnsite 0. 0002 5 White Greer.
white
Three Phosgene, 0,005 2 White Green or light

green on white
green*t dip~gene, , Red to violet
hydrogen 0,005 J, White
on white
cyanide, Red to violet
·cyanogen o.oos 2 White
chloride
SOIJlaJl 0,00005 1 White

One Red if agent is
red pres ent; yellow
with if agent is
red absent
dot*
• TbeH tubea ..., 0< m•y IIC>t be 1"clade d ID Iha Modal PIO>R-54 tit.
t 11'Jo tube••1 be found i.. • - ltlto In place or IIMo • - pocn knd, one block bud, • Dd two creeo
btuad tube• ..i.lch It repl-•.
30 ·
CONFU)IENTIAL·
UNCLASSIFIED
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
~NClA~~l~lcD
FSTC-C~03-04-67 CONIFU)SMilAl ITEM: FOM-2-424o-'l- l
NOMENCLAi'URE: Mask , Protec:tlve, Model ShM- 1 (U) cOUN'IRY: u.s.s.R. *

NATIVE DESIGNA'l'ION: IDJIEM- NACKA, IDM- 1 ADOPl'ED: After 1950
(U) .
-{et The Model. ShM-1 protecthe mask (Shlem- Mlslra), vith doubl.e outlet' vaJ.ve and K>-2 or M>..l+U
canister, affords excellent .protecti on agai.n.6t aJ.l CW agents (incll.ding G and V types) and 1110st
candide.te BW agents. The complete mask assembly consists of a hood- type facepiece, hose, canister,
carrying ba8, and s nall ..incidental. equipment such as antidim disks. In unusual circumstances, the
canister rm.y be attached directly to the tacepiece . With aging, the tacepiece c haJlges from light
gray to tan, but the change does not indicate s i gnificant deterioration.
(U) .
~ Two 2.75-inch~ameter glass lenses in metal. eyelens holder s pe:rniit a fairly good field of
vision. Infl.uent ai.r, led through rubber ducts :lntegra.lly molded to the interior ot the facepiece,
i s discharged into the mask directly over the lenses to inhibit fogg1ns. To .further inhibit f0681n8,
re1110vable, transparent, gelatin-c011ted antidim disks may be 1.nserted. ag&.inst the inner surfaces of
the lenses and held in place by metal. hoops inserted. in the eyelens holders. The .facepiece and hose
stif.fen at very lOW' temperatures and require careful handl.ing--am sometimes prebeat ing--to prevent
cracldng, At high temperatures, profuse sveating of the head. and ~ace and other discOIDforts rre.y
occur .
(U)
-(et An intske-ouUet vaJ.ve assembly is contained in a metal. housing integrally attached to the face-
piece at the chin position. A detachable rubber hose conveys filtered air to the intake val.ve from
the ca.nister. Early Shlem-1 masks (appearing about 19'10) were equipped vith a single ouUet val.ve
whic h permitted a small, but possibly dangeroU8 1 amount of unfiltered. air to flov into the facepiece
as t he val.ve closed. The bsckleakage vas··reduced significantly about 1950 by providing a secoi:d
outlet vaJ.ve contained in a flexible rubber adapter. To attach the adapter, the canister is removed
from the hose am the hose is pulled through the adapter until the adapter reaches the outlet valve
housing; the adapter's large end is then forced . upw.rd arow¥i the metal. outlet valve hou.sing to fit
tightl,y around it and aroui:d the hose. Exhaled ai.r passes through t he tvo val.ves am. exits through
a port in the adapter. Atmospheric press',lre closes· the outermost vaJ.ve slightly ahead of the inner
val.ve so that 1.n.ro.Bhing air is t rapped ·between the tvo vaJ.ves and is rorced out vith the next ex-
halation. Use of the adapter reduces the e,mount of backleakage· from 0,9}}i to o.006i. at an avera.g e
breather PUIIIP rate of }1.6 liter !) per nd.nute (in the latest rraska. equipped. vith t he integral double
outlet val.ve, backl.eakage is only 0 , 005~) .
(U) ,• '
-fet Thegreen canvas bag carrier ·is equipped with a -shoulder strap, a waist strap, a flap which
fastens with a strap and buckle,. an internal. _partition which separates the canister fran the face -
p1ece am. which contaiils a pocket for antidirn disks, am a tie string which holds the canister in
pl.ace. Two wooden blocks (or saiiet:Lmes a metal. spring J separate the bottom of the canister frOID the
bottom o.f the carrier and provide a passa,evay for air . into the canister. Other types of carrier s
may be in U8e; one is about 11-1/2 x ll-1 2 x 5-1/4 inches and has a pocket in the front tor a
protective cape am a self-aid kit •
.----- --
Maf'kS (with Model M0-4U canister) captured in Vietnam in 1966.
31
CONFIDENT~AL
UNCLASSIFIED Regraded UNCLASSIFIED OD
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Page 200 of 478 Auth Encl 5, para 1-<I, DOD 5200.01-VI
~NCLA~~lrlcD
FOM--2-424o-l-l ·
CONIFDJD!EMT~~l
HO~LA1URE: Mask, Protective, Model ShM- 1 (U) (U)
1 CURR&NT STATUS: ••••·----· Standard 15 ~ :

a Vieibility --- -----~- - - --- 21 to }9,7i unim-
2 ~: paired field or
vision
a Fa.cepiece - -------- ------- Natural rubber
b Comfort--- ----- - ------ --- Uncomfortable at
b Canieter ----------------- Sheet metal above-moderate
c Hose --------------------- Cloth-covered buna s,
a copolymer o:f' tenu>eratures
butadiene and styrene C Co111DUI11cat ion ------------ Speaking, vocal
d Carrier------- ----------- Canvas. range, }() ft 7;
Hearing, impaired
} DntntiIOlll: slight ly bec;:ause
:f'acepiece covers
a Facepi ece --------- ------- 0 through 4 (11ee
remarks) · . ears
b Canister----- - ---------- - M>-2, 5.2 x. 2~8 x 4 Ji'a!:epiece penetration-- - - Impervious to
7 .8 in; '· muetard and sarin
M).4t.J,. 5.} X 2.6 X for more than 24
8.o in hr . at ll}° F
e Leakage-peripheral ------ - Insigiuficant
c Hoee ------ --------- ------ Length, 21 in; · around facepiece
d1a, 1.25 in
d Carrier------------ -----· Height, 9.75 in; aal lenses
l engtp, 8. 7 5 in; . t -outlet ·valve ----------- o.005~
width, 2.50 in g Effect of cold-hose ------ Stiftens
h -eyepiece-~---------- --- Fogging and icing
4 liE!Glfl':
at -25° to -4oO F
a Facepiece ---------------- l} to 15, } oz i -racepiece - ----------- - - Danger of cracking
b Canister----------------- M>-2, }1.8 oz; .. at -25°· F
M>-4U, ,0.8 oz J -deflector tubes-- --- --- Danger or cracking
c Hose ------------- - ------- ·6 to-7.7 oz at -25° F
d Carrier--- ---------~~---- 8. 5 to 18 oz
REMARI<B:
I tem ,a. Size i s based on the sum of tvo linear rneasurements : one· encampassing the chin,
cheeks, and top of head and the other encompassing the forehead, both ear apertures,
and the back o:f' the bead, Size O, 9} cm; 1, 9} to 95 cm; 2, 95 to 99 cm; }, 99 to 10}
c111; 4. > 10} =• · ··
32
C()NIFU)IEMTRAL
UNClASSlrlED Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
Page 201 of 478 Au th Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-V l
UNClASSIFIED
FSTC-CS- 03- 04-67
C8MIF~-1D:1E1MT~·A l ITEM: FCf,f-2-4240- 2-6
Na.lENCLATURE: Canister, Model M0-4u(U) COUNTRY: U. S.S. R. *
NATIVE DESIGNATION: KOPOSKA M0-4Y PRODUCED: 1951?
(U)
-fGr The Model M0-4U, t he latest known Soviet protective canister, provid_e s excellen_t protection
against all Western CW agents , including G- and V-type nerve ag'ents, a.J}d will filter out BW aerosols
as well as alpha and beta particles of 0. 3-micron si~e and larger. This olive- drab, . enameled
canister has a screwcap and rubber plug (for the i nfluent openfog), which exclu'd e air and moisture
until time of use, and :a pleated,_p_!lper par·ticul ate tJl ter_whose construction differs from that of
the paper filter µsed in the M0-2 ·(FOM-2-_4_24.0-2-2). A groove in it"s elliptical shell. distinguishes
it from the M0-2, which· it may gradually be replacing. ·
(U)
~ A comparison of laboratory analyses of both models reveals that the M0-4U does not perform
significantly better than the M0- 2. · Its charcoal impregnant, however, contains a higher percentage
of copper and hexavalent chromium and, consequently, provides greater protection against hydrogen
cyanide and cyanogen ch l oride. Breathing resistance may also· be: reduced by the · type and arrangement
of paper filter used in the M0-4U canister.
(U)
-EGt Because of "t he simpler construction of its paper particulate filter, the M0:.4U is probably
more economical to produce than the M0-2. ·
* Captured in Vietnam in 1966.
33
CONFUDIEMTIAL·:
lJN~I ASSIFIED
Page 202 of 4 78
21 DEC 2022
by USAJNSCOM FOi/PA
Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl
UNCLASSIFIED
FOM-2-4240-2-6 CONF~l91E~T~AIL FSTC-CS-03--04-67
NOMENCLP,.TURE: Canister, Model M0-:4u(U)
(U)
,-,
1 CURRENT STATUS: Standard 6 PARTICULATE FILTER:
2 WEIGIIT: 28. 7 oz (813 gm)
a Type----------------------- Vertical ly pleated
b Material - - - - - --- ----------- Absorbent white
to 30. 8 oz (873. gm paper
c ~eight -- ------------ ---- --- 2.25 in
3 MATERIALS : d Effective area--------- ---- ?
a Container -- --- ------------ Sheet metal
b Absorbent----- -- - - -------- Charcoal 7 PERFORMANCE:
a DOP penetration------------ 0,001\ to .004\
4 DIMENSIONS: for 0,3-micron
a Length-- - - - - -------------- 5.3 in particles at flow
b Width or max. dia. -------- 2.7 in rate of 32 liters
c Height ------------- ------- 8.5 in (including per min
threaded nipple) b Air resistance--------- - - -- 55 to 80 mm H20 at
flow rate of 85
5 ABSORBENT: liters per min
a Type--------------------- - Impregnated, acti- c ~esistance t o cml agents --- See remarks
vated, extruded
charcoal
b Weight-- ---------- -------- 14 to 15 oz
c Volume - ---- - -- -------- ---- 28.2 to 40.2 cu in
d Hardness---------- ---- ---- 32 to 92
e Impregnants --------------- See remarks
f Apparent density ---------- 0,62 gm per cc to
0. 68. gm per cc
g Spectrographic anal ysis - -- See remarks
REMARKS:
Item Se . Quantitative analysis of charcoal layer:

Barium oxide <O;l\ ' to 1.0%
Caicium oxide o·.1, to 1.0\
Cupric oxide 5,4\ to 9. 6%
Chromic oxide 0.6% to 4 ,3\
Item Sg. Qu8J}tities of l ess than 0.1\ of silver,· aluminum, iron, magnesium, silicon, and tin
were found i n the charcoal layer.
Item 7c. CK PS
T~sted at flow rate of32 liters per
min in agent concen.trat ions of
{mg/liter) 4.0 50
Minutes to chemi cal·· breakpoint 70 to 90 30 'to 60
34
CONFIDENTIAL ·
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 203 of 4 78
by us~sl9sPo6Pi2
FSTC-CS-03-04-67
NOMENCLATURE : Canister, Model M0-4U
35
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UNJCLASS~FIED
Page 204 of 4 78
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03--04- 67
CO-NrFU)E~T~AIL ITEM: FOM-2-8415-4-12
NOMENCLATURE: Coveralls, Rubb1Jrized, Lightweight, With Integral Hood and COUNTRY: U.S. S. R. *
Boots, Model ? \U)
NATIVE DESIGNATION: ? ADOPTED: 1955 or earlier
(U)
-{Gt The Sovi et lightweight, protective coveralls are made of rubberized fab_ric reinforced at the
elbows and knees . Molded to ·the. garment and made ,of the same material are a hood and boots, and
adjustable straps, secured by stud-type fasteners, at the outer sleeve cuffs and behind the knees.
The front open ing, which extends from the crotch to the hood, has an inner flap, several inches
wide , to which five stud-type fas~eners are bonded; the fasteners mate with holes in the overlapping
portion of the front opening. The sleeves are designed with elastic inner wristbands, and the hood
with e l astic inner strips, to assure a tight fit . A belt is also provided.
(U)
~ The coveralls , plus protective gloves and a protective mask , afford excellent protection
against liquid CW agents ;" chemically impregnated clothing must also be worn·, however, to. protect
the body from vapors and aerosols entering through openings.
* Captured in Vietnam in 1966,
37
CONFl91EMTl·A l
UNCLASSIFIED Regrade21DEC2022°
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
Page 205 of 4 78 Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl
UNClASSlrlED
FOM-2-8415-4-12
COM F~ IDE Mi~AIL FSTC-CS-03- 04-67
NCJ,1ENCLATURE: Coveralls, Rubberized, Lightweight, With Integral Hood ond Boots, Model ? (U)
,~, (U)
1 CURRENT STATUS: ---- Standard 3 PERFORMANCE:
2 PHYSICAL DATA:
a Liquid agent penett'ation ---- See remarks
b Effects of cold------- - --- -- See remarks
. a Material ----------- Rubberized fabric (neo-
prene 1 and rayon ?)
c
d
Tensile strength ------------
Tear resistance -------------
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
b Color -------------- Green body; black boots e Breaking strength ----------- Satisfactory
c Weight -------------
6.7 lb
d Dimensions --------- See remarks
REMARKS:
Item 2d. An exploit - ·, F:.;~11;,i;~. (size unknown) had the following dimensions (in inches):
Average thicKness
Body of coveralls 0.021
Boots 0.076
Overall length 7.3 ·
Inseam length 34
Hood length 13
Sleeve length 21
Sleeve w{d_th 10
Sole length 11
Sole width 4.3
Item 3a. The rubberized fabric provides excellent resistance to liquid CW agent penetration.
Laboratory tests showed the foilowing:
Temperature Resistance to CW agents (min)
(deg F .) Humidity Mustard Sarin vx
160 Negligible 330 > 1320 > 1320
115 85% RH 400 > 1320 > 1320

-40 N_e glig~ble 380 > 1320 > 1320
Item 3b . Tested under varying conditions, ranging from tropical temperatures to -40° F., the
material remained serviceable; no brittleness, cracking, softening, or separation of
~avers occuTrerl .
38
COMIF~DEMT!AB.. Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on

by USAINSCOMFOI/PA
UNClASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03--04-67 CO~IFnDIEMi~AIL ITEM: FCJ,1-2°-8415-6-1-1
NOMENCLATURE: Glove, Prot!3ctive, Rubberized Fabric, Two-fingered, Model ? (U) COUNTRY: U.S. S.R. *
NATIVE DESIGNATION: ? ADOPTED: 1960?
,.
(U)
-{€t- The Soviet two-fingered CW protective glove is made of rubberized· fabric that is reinforced
at the seams. It extends to the wrist, where it is tied to a strap on the jacket sleeve by a
fabric loop. The l oose closure at t he wrist may admit toxic vapor s and aerosols.
(U) On issue since 1966, this model of protective glove may now be replacing one or mo~e older
(lighter and heavier) types.
* Captured in Vietnam in 1966.
39
COMIFIDIENl~Al
UNCLASSIFIED 21 □ Er.
by USAINSCOM FOWA
?022
UNClASSlrlED
FOM-2-8415-6-1-1
CONrFDDIEMllAIL FSTC-cs~03-04-67 ·
Nc»1ENCLATURE: G love, Pr·otective, Rubberized Fabric, Two- fingered, Model ? (U)

- (U)
1 CURRENT STATUS: ---- Standard 3 PERFORMANCE: _.,. ___
a Liquid agent penetration See remarks
2 PHYSICAL DATA: b. Effects of cold -------------- See remarks
a Material ----------- Rubberized fabric (neo- c Tensile strength ------------- Satisfactory
prene ? and rayon ?) d Tear resistance -------------- Satisfactory
b Color -------------- .Green e Breaking strength ------------ Satisfactory
C Weight ------------- 2.7 oz each '
d Dimensions --------- Length, 11.8 in; width,
5.3 in; thickness_, 0.021
in
REMARKS:
Item 3a. The rubberized fabric provides excellent resistance to liquid CW agent penetration.
Laboratory tests showed the following:
Temperatu_re Resistance to CW agents (info)
(deg F,) Humidit,y . Mustard Sarin vx
160 Negligible 330 > 1320 > 1320
115 85\ RH 400 > 1320 > 1320
-40 Negligib_le 380 > 1320 · > i320
Item 3b. In tests under .varying ~onditions, which ranged from tropical temperatures to -40° F.,
t he material remained serviceable; no br~ttleness , cracking, softening , or separation
of l ayers occurred. ··
40
COMFiDE~TIAL Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on
. UNr,1 A~~IFIFn 21 DEC 2022

by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
Page 208 of 4 78 Auth Encl S, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-V l
FSTC- CS-0 3-04-67 lUrNJCILASSll lFfflEID ITEM: FOM-2-~2,0~l-7
NOMENCLA!IURE: Decontominotion Ki t, lndividuol, Model IPP COUN'fflY: U·.S .S .R. *

NATIVE DESIGNATION: J.1H.QJ.18J.1.QYAJlbHblA nPOTl1BOXJ.1MJ.111 ECKl1A OAKET, J.1 0 0 ADOPl'ED: 1960 ?
CASE
SMALL CONTAINER OF
DECONTAMINATING
SO~TI/
' ~
FO\n AMPOULES WITH INHALANTS
\II•------. LARGE CONTAINER OF

DECONTAMINATING SOLUTION
The Model IPP CW kit has two plastic vials of chemical.a inteoo.ed for skin and clothing decontam-
ination, The smaller vial contains a liquid decontaminant ready for use against nerve agents . The
larger vial, filled vith a solvent and a glass ampoule or' powder, must be squeez.ed' untU the ampoule
is crushed and the powder is released into the surrouoo.ing solvent to produce a solution for
neutralizing mustard_and lewisite.
other components of the Jd.t are four antismoke BJl!POules and gauze pads. One antismoke ampoule is
inserted into the protective mask-facepiece, crushed, and inhaled to nullify the effects of irritant
smoke.
The IPP, possibly also referred to as the IPP-51, differs from an earlier am probably obsolete
model, the IPP-~, which did not contain a nerve agent decontaminant.
• Captured i n Vietnam in 1966.
41
UrNJClASS-HF~IEID
Page 209 of 4 78
F0M-2-423()-1-7 UNCLA_
SSIFOED FSTC-CS-03-04-67
NOi-m«:LATURE: Decontominotion Ki t, lndividuol, Model IPP
l CURRENT STATU:i: ---------- Standal'd 3 WEIGHr OF KIT: - - ------------ 8.8 oz

2 CARRYING CASE: 4 DroONrAM!NAN'IS:
a Miterial ----------------- Plastic a Type ------------------------ See remarks
b Dimensions------- -------- 8.5 x 3.5 x 1. 5 in b Quantity ------------ -------- See rerrarks
REMARKS:
CW agents Decontaminants
Items 4a and 4b. Nerve 42.6 ml water·a11D11onia solution
Ves1can~ 17.0 gm chloramine -B in 57,0 ml aqueous alcohol
Irritant smoke Inhalant coropounded of 4o ml ethanol, 40 ml chloro-

(Le., adamsite) form, 20 ml ethyl ether , and 10 drops strong
ammonia water (each ampoule contains l ml of the
compound)
.42
UN.CLASSIFIED :
Page 210 of 478

UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03--04-67
CONIF~DENT~AL !TEM: FOM-2-4230-1-8
NOMENCLATURE: Decontamination Kit for Personal Weapons, Model-? (U) Cvlf:!TRY: U.S.S.R.*
NATIVE DESIGNATION: ~H~MYNlbHblA .l!ErA3N.lJ,1Cl-lt!blA llAKET ADOPTED: Prior to 1960
(U)
-{6}- The CW decontamination kit for personal weapons consists of two glass ampoules of solutions
for decontaminating vesicant and nerve agents, five paper towels, and a green metal carrying case
with instructions glued to one side and with the numerals 11111 and 112 11 embossed on the other side.
The ampoule sealed with a red stopper is believed to be positioned in the carrying case at 1, and
t he bl ack-tipped ampoule at 2.
" · Captured in Vietnam in 196 7.
43
GOH F~ D'ENT-i·AL Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on

byUSAINSCOM FOi/PA
~NClASSlrltD
FOM-2-4230- 1-8
CON IF~DfENT~AIL FSTC-CS-03-04- 67
Nq.lENCLA'.l'URE: Decontamination Kit for Personal Weapons, Model ? (U)

,_ (U)
1 CURRENT STATUS: ---- Standard 3 WEIGHT OF KIT: ------ 9 . 3 oz
2 CARRYING CASE: 4 DECONTAMINANTS:

a Material ----------- Metal a TYPe ---------------- See remarks
b Dimensions --------- 5.2 X 3.0 X 2.4 in b Quantity ------------ 2 fl/oz each ampoule
REMARKS:
Ttem 4a. The red-ti,p p.ed ampoule contain;; the _Soviet Decontamination· Solutior No. 1, probably an
8\ solution of DT-6 {hexachloromelamine) in dichloroethane, which is used against
vesicants .and V-tYPe nerve ·agents. The black-tipped ampoule is· filled with the Soviet
Decontamination. Solution No. 2, probably an ammonia/water solution containing 2% sodium
hydroxide·, 5\ monoetlianolamlne, and 20\ ammonia in water, which is used· against G-type
nerve agents .
44
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UNr.1 A~~IFIFn
Page 212 of 478
21 DEC 2022
by USAJNSCOM FOf/PA
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC- CS-03--04-67
COM F~IDIEMT~AIL ITEM: FOM-9-1330-1-7
NOMENCLATURE: Grenade, Hand, Tear Agent CS, Model T-7668? (U) COUNTRY: North Vietnam
NATIVE DESIGNATION:' ? ADOPTED: 1966
(U)
-tG}- The Model T- 766B (?) hand grenade is a
cylindrical canister filled with the chemical
agent CS and fitted with a throwing handle and a
firing and .bUl'sting ~ssembly. The thin sheet-
metal canister has a soldered seam and crimped-on
ends. The wooden handl e and .t he canister end to
which it is attached are wax coated to exclude
moisture. A filling aperture at the opposite end
of t he canister. is sealed by a metal disk and an
under}ying rubber . disk, which are held in place by
four told-down metal tabs . The firi ng mechanism,
housed partly in t he handle and partly in t he
canister, consists of a pull-wire , a powder-·t.rain
delay, a blasting cap, and a metal container
0 filled with a small amount of TNT powder and t'wo
TNT pellets (0.4 o~). The grenade explodes vio-
lently to disseminate the filling, which quick ly
incapacitates unmasked personnel, but is not
l ethal . Even in low concentrations, CS causes
lachrymation and a burning sensation in the eyes,
nose, and throat and on exposed body surfaces.
(C) This gr eijade is believed t o be a converted

HE offensive-type grenade, in. which the filling
has been replaced with CS; its shape is s imilar to
that of the standard Viet Cong hand grenade. The
quality of constructi on indicates a wel l-devel oped
manufacturing process.
cmlrt9E►lilAl
UNCLASSIFIED .
45
CONFIDIENT&Al. Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 213 of 478
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
UNClASSIFIED
FCM-9-1330- 1-7
COMFiDIEMTIAIL FSTC-CS-03-04-67
NOMENCLATURE: Grenade, Hand, Tear Agent CS, Model T-7668? (U)
(U)
-,
1 CURRENT STATUS: -------- Improvised? 3 PERFORMANCE:
a Average range thrown-----?
2 CHARACTERISTICS: b Fragmentation radius----- Does not apply
a Type------------------- Tear agent c Penetration-------------- Does not apply
b Weight--------------- -- 12.5 oz d Burning time---------- --- Does not apply
c Length----------------- 10.7 in
d Maximum diameter------- 2.7 in
e Body material---- ------ Sheet metal
f Filler-weight---------- 5.1 oz
g Filler-material-------- CS (o-chlorobenzyl-
malononitrile)
h Fuze-type -------------- Pull friction
i Fuze- delay time -- ------ 3 sec
j Nr. fins--------- - ----- Does not apply
k Identi_fying markings -- - See remarks
REMARKS:
I tern 2k. The canister is painted light green, with a narrow white stripe encircling each end
near the crimping. Markings on the canister (H.l) and on the handle . (T-766B) are white
on black.
46
CONF!DENJIAL
Rcgnuled UNCLASSIFIED o.o
UNCI A~~l~l~n 21 DEC 2022
by USAJNSCOM FOi/PA
Page 214 of 478 Autb Encl 5, para 1-<I, DOD 5200-01-VI
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS- 03-04-67 CONF!DIEN1F~Al
NOMENCLATURE: Grenade, Napalm
(U)
-{Gt A Viet Cong incendiary grenade, filled with a mixture of napalm and Kapok fiber, is mechani-
cally identical with th~ grenade filled with a p~osphorus and napalm mixt~re, but is smaller. The
napalm/Kapok grenade is 6.5 inches long and has a diameter of 1.75 inches. The grenade can be
thrown by hand, or can be propelled · from a ho111emade launcher adapted to the French MAS-36 rifle'.
The device was last reported in 1962. Information is not avai l able regarding place of origin,
quantities produced, and stocks on hand.
47
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CONF~DIENT~AL Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on
UNCLASSIFIED
Page 215 of 478
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Auth Eocl 5, para 1-<I, DOD 5200-01-VI
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03--04-67
CONFIDENTIAL
NOMENCLATURE: G renade, Whi te Phosphorus
(U)
-f€t An undisclosed nUllber of hand grenades, shaped like beer cans and equipped with handles, were
captured in February 1967. The grenades were filled with plasticized white phosphorus. A tested
sample had the following characteristics: lhe galvanized, sheet-metal canister is soldered along
the seams, · is equipped with a round filler plug in the bottom end, is 4.5 inches long, and has a
diameter of 2.5 inches. The body and the fuze handle are dip painted with dark green enamel . A
galvanized-metal fuze well (soldered into the top of the canister) separates the booster/initiator
from the filler ; the booster material appears to be a mixture of pitch and an unidentified explosive.
The initiator is a homemade Viet Cong, percussion-type grenade fuze with a black powder time-fuze-
delay element. A homemade blasting cap is taped to the fuze boey. More detailed information is not
available.
49
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11~r.1 ~~~l~IED 21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Aulh Encl s. para l•d, DOD s200-01.v1
Page 216 of 478
UNClASSIFIED
FSTC-CS- 03-04-67
CONfFIDIEM1FIAL
No.tENCLATURE: Grenade, White Phosphorus and Napalm
(U)
-{tt This Viet Cong in_cendiary grenade is filled with a white phosphorus and napalm mixture. The
light metal cylinder is equipped with a fuze assembly which protrudes from the top end and a l~ad
plug which is inserted in an opening in the bottom end. The green-painted body is 10.75 inches long
and has a diameter of 2.25 inches. The device weighs 1 pound when empty (filled weight is unknown).
The fuze , a "setback" typ~, . is activated by removing a small nail, or pin, and striking the bottom
of the grenade against the ground; the force causes a striker to compress a retaining spring and
strike a detonator in the fuze assembly. The fuze has a 4-second delay. The grenade can be thrown
by hand or propelled by a h011e11ade launcher adapted to the French MAS-36 rifle. The device was last
reported in 1962. Place of origin and quantities produced and on hand are unknown.
51
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COMFIIOENT~Al
Regnded UNCLASSIFIED on
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
Page 217 of 478 Autb Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 52()().()1-Vl
FSTC- CS-03-04-67
NCJ,IENCLATURE: Sodium Incendiary Device
(U) The sodium incendiary device shown above is a sabotage weapon constructed o~ two sheet-metal
hemispheres which have beeo welded together. Each hemisphere has· a hole covered with wax and paper
to exclude moisture. The device con·tains sodium suspended in a tarlike substance. When the device
is ~mplaced in water, the wax and paper seals are removed to per111it entrance of moisture. The sub-
sequent water/sodiUDI reaction produces smoke and flame through the two holes for 4 to 5 seconds, to
a distance of about 1 yard. The case , which remains intact after the contents have burned -0ut,
smells of kerosene and feels as if it were covered with soap. The device is especially effective in
areas that are subject to gas or oil seepage, and may be placed in boat bilges or in contai ners of
watei:: to ignite flammable materials in de.p ots. The spherical body has a diameter of 1.5 in'ches and
weighs 1.5 ounces; the metal case is approximately 0 . 32 inch thick. Specifi c instances of use have
not been reported; quantities on hand, quantities produced, and place of oi:igin are unknown.
53
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U~CLASSIF~IED
Page 218 of 478

UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC- CS- 03-04-67 CONIF~IDIEMTBAl
NOMENCLATURE: Decontamination Kit {with Antismoke Mixture)
(U)
-(G} A paper-wrapped kit shown above, probably produced in North Vietnam, contains a bar of soap,
a bottle o·f liquid soap, a glass vial (0. 5 gram) of powdered potassiUJD permanganate (KMnO 4), two
glass ampoules (believed to contain Soviet "antismoke" mixture), a wad of cotton, and an instruction
sheet. These items have not been seen grouped together in any other type of self- treatment kit.
The kit may have been devised to -meet needs deemed especially important by NVA personnel, but coul d
not sat isfy all uses designated in the instruction sheet, such as "Counteract all kinds of toxic
chemicals" or "Extinguish burning phosphoric fragments stuck to the body." The kit could be useful,
however, for wash~ng napalm and phosphorus burns and other wounds. One part of KMnO4 in 1000 parts
of water is mildly antiseptic but quickly loses its effectiveness in solution , especially when the
water contains antagonistic chemicals. Soviet "antismoke" ampoules contain a mixture· of ethanol,
chloroform , ethyl ether, and ammonia water. The mixture is used as an inhalant to lessen the dis-
comfort in nose and throat caused by irritating or lachrymatory agents . When the ampoule is broken
in its gauze cover, the inhalant may be breathed directly; if a protective mask is available, the
ampoui'e can be placed inside t he facepiece where the inhalant mixes with the influent air. At least
a few thousand of these kits are believed available,
55
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lJNr.l ASSIFIED
Page 219 of478
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Autb Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-V l
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC- CS-03-04- 67 CONFH)!ENT!AL
NOMENCLATURE: Self- Treatment Kit Containing Seven Packets
(U)
{Br The kit comprises seven paper packets (numbered ·.1 ·through 7) and an •inst"ructi:on sheet, packed
in a plastic bag. Each packet contains decontaminating material in a ·seal~d plastic bag which is -
inside a sealed, brown rice . paper envelope (see illustration above). Most of the decontaminants
would be at least ·part~aliy' effective if used in• the manner prescribed. The trans l ated instruction
sheet reads as · follows:
Guide for Use of Individual

. Antiseptic
.
Bag
1. Method of Use: It is recommended that this bag be used to eliminate toxic chemicals (liquid or
powder) on human skin, weapons or equipment.
Caution : Do not drink this as an antidote.
57
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Page 220 of 4 78
r. A~~IFIED
11 N I
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOVPA
Autb Encl S, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-VI
UNClASSlrlED
CON FIDl6N1lAl. FSTC-CS-03--04-67
NOMENCLATURE: Self- Treatment Kit Containing Seven Packets
·+ •
2. Compositl'o~·.: . This antiseptic bag comprises -s~~~t,,;- ~ifferent medicines:

,-1:".. : : ••;. !
Pack 111)·: .,i>'~~~ered lime (10 grams) to be ·1;:!Sed as an antidot!" agains~ nerve poisons on the skin.
Pack 112:". Lim~_chlorure* (10 grams) to be used on tlie ~tocks of rifles and/or on mortar plates.
Pack 113'/ · · Petm,anganate : (S grams) to be u.$'~d against itching materials on the skin . .
Pack ff4 :t '~p;:d:re~ \oa/ -~ (i·ram~) t6 ~~-:~; ·ed as ~ ~~~~ot~· for. the..above mentioned poison and
for cleaning.the infected area after the. anti~ot~ is applied.
Pack n/'·_!~a-r bonate natri** (10 grams) to be applied· .on the face (mouth .or nose) ·whenever a
mask against · C(?-qtagion is not available and is recommended for cleaning the mouth and ~he face .a fter
being infected.
Pack ff6 : : C~pper sulfate .(S grams) to be used to ~xtihguish white phosphorus on skin, weapons
and equipmetit .·
: ., .
Pack #7. : Hydrolic*** cotton (S grams) to )>e used to. absorb liquid or powdered poisons and for
applying th~ antidote.
Time required for antitoxin : Take advantage of a lull in combat to remove contamination as soon
as possible : . ·b_e co_n.tamination should be perfo~ed withi~ S 111inutes after contamination . occurs .
. .
3. Antisepsf~:; . If the poison ~n your skin, ·weapons or equipment is a liqµid or powder, it is recom-
mended that· ·the poison - be ab;;orbed .and the area cleaned, , by applyi~~ the ~otton in _p_a ck 117 before
applying the ~t~!iQ.t~. ·. ·· . ., ·
... :,
Caution: Apply it ca·r.efully to prevent s,preading the poison over additional are~. The follow-
ing steps of antisepsis are ·recommended: · .. .
a. Persons infected· by liq~d- or powdereq £Oisons:
- Mix powdered lime . (in pack .IH):' wit~· water.· ( one p!(rt I[me. to 10 parts water), .' stir we 11,
apply to a piece of cotton and· then apply it -many. times on the· infected area, after ffrst 'treating
the ·area with lime water for S millutes . ·Mi'x -.soap (pack · 14) wi_th water and clean ··o ut the disinfecteo
area. Repeat the process on other infected .·-arew. ·. . . .. ·. .. · . . · .' · .
'··.
r{_~hi te,;. pho~pho~us ·. i;.
~tu'c k to" the skin 'an~ ··siii~~i.ng, .:~~e' ~-.Copper . sulfa.te (pack 116) soll!-
tion, one pa.r t copper sufrate' 't'o 10 parts water ; stit'· it' well, · soak · into a ··•piece of ·cotton and apply
the solution to the injured area until the smoking stops. Finally, cover the wound with a piece of
. cotton saturatec;l wi t'!l t;he solution and with clean b~dag~s. Remove the ,bandages after 20 minutes
and clean -t'!le -area .with ~o~p and ~ater. . ·
.. . ~ •If no · ~ask is available, .mi_x (one pai,t). carbonate natFi (sodium carbonate) .with water (five
parts), stir well, saturate your towel with the solution and cover your mouth anc;l nos~ wi~h it~.
Clean your mouth and face with the towel as soon as you depart the contaminated area.
. .
Caution: Keep this solution out of your eyes.
*Believed to be chloride .of lime.

**May be an error in transl ation. Found, in U.S. labora.~Qry tests, not t<?_ be c~rbonate natri but
to have a high sodium sulfate content· and chromium impurities :
***Absorbent.
·' 58
21 DEC 2022
by USAINSCOM FOI/PA
Autb Encl S, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl
UNClASSlrlED
FSTC-CS-03--04-67
CONF~-DIENTiAl
N().!ENCLATURE: Self-Treatment Kit Containing Seven Packets
b. Weapons infected by liquid or powdered poison.

- Metal equipment, like humans, may also be contaminated. After decontaminating weapons
they should be lubricated and greased to prevent rusting.
- Mix chlorure (lime, in pack #2) with water (one part lime to five of water) and apply the
solution to wooden articles. Repeat the treatment but do not apply oil.
4. Maintenance and care:
- Do not store the chemical solution in a humid place.
- Keep it away from heat and direct sunlight because heat reduces its effectiveness.
- When using the solution do not mix excessive quantities but follow the instructions given
above.
- Check it frequently and if the nylon cover (?) is tom replace (it with another packet ?) .
(U)
--fG}- Upon exploitation the seven-packet kit was found to have the following characteristics:
Packet fl. Powdered l ime in this ·packet would be effective mainly as an absorbent material and
to collect liquid HD and G-agents and, to a lesser extent, V-agents.
Packet #2. A calcium hypochlorite; good for decontaminating HD and G-agents, but not as effec-
tive against V- agents.
Packet 13. A high-purity potassium permanganate, known to be effective against fungus, poison
ivy and other materials which affect the skin. Not effective against CW agents.
Packet #4. Powdered soap, similar to a detergent. Soap and water are standard for physically
removing CW agents.
Packet #5. Carbonate natri is not sodium carbonate, but was found to have a high content of
sodium sulfate with chromium impurities. Sodium sulfate would not be particularly effective for
the use described.
Packet #6. A high- purity copper sulfate, partially hydrated. This is a standard material and
is effective for control of white phosphorus.
Packet 17. A cellulose material similar to cotton , which is a standard material for removing
contaminants and applying decontaminants.
59
(Reverse ]jl'anlc)
CONF~IDEMT~Al Rqraded UNCLASSIFIED on
11~1r1 A~~1~1ED
Page 222 of 478
21 DEC2022
by USAINSCOM FOi/PA
Au1b Encl 5, para I~ DOD 5200-01-Vl
UNClASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03_:04- 67
CON IF~ DIEMT~Al
NOMENCLATURE: Seff-T reotment Kit Containing Five Packets
(U)
-{€r The kit is comprised of four paper-wrapped packets, a plastic envelope containing cotton , and
an instruction sheet (see illustration). The construction and t he contents_of the four paper packet:
are essentially the same as the first four items of the seven-packet kit previously _described. The
instruction sheet is believed to include instructions essential ly similar t o those given for items
of corresponding materials in the seven-packet kit. Trans l ations of printing on the packets show
their cont ents to be:
Packet #1. Powdered lime.
Packet n. Permanganate.
Packet #3. Soap.
Packet #4 . Copper sulfate.
Packet #5 . .Cotton (unlabeled) .
61
(Reverse Blank)
CONFUDIEN1F~Al
11~1r1 i ~~IFIED
Page 223 of 4 78
lkgradcd UNCLASSIFIED on
21 DEC 2022
byUSAINSCOt1FOIIPA
Auch Eocl 5, pam l ·d, DOD 5200-01-\/1
,-- -- - -- - - -- - - - -- - - -- ------ -
UNCLASSIFIED
FSTC-CS-03-04-67
COMIF~DIEMT~Al
NOMENCLATURE: Protective Masks (Improvised Types)
t:•.:-t.;:,• .. iir~~'.i~-·sit •:. L•"b;
:~til
:. -l~- ~l''
t.,..~ (~~~
_,. ..,...._.,..•._,
UM!ltl&fti
·t:t>~~~t
._;,·:-~·•;.. . ·•~·,,',;.. ·-'
-.:~~~~:~t!. fr ;t•·=~ .
:~·,;tt.·:-4.
~i•
0
.. 17, ..~~- "" ·, 1~~-
l : '.: .:,· 1_. '{.;r ;r.,,- '~\y:
;.~r.: : ,·~~
~~-:--.-~1 ( ~ / •.~~
,.- ...f.-i '
{l.-_i:4t•.f.~-:-.,~_,r~_:-~~:
·" ~ -
vt~:\'...t, .,· ,•,
_.::·. .-,
b
~/
~ , ..
·--'I~' t]~iti~
(U)
-{G}- Several styles of improvised protective masks have been captured in South Vietnam. One style
is hardly more than a cloth pad equipped with cords which tie around the head to hold the pad over
the nose and mouth . Other styles, which cover the entire head, are ·bag shaped and have eyeholes
covered by some t ransparent material. Breathing ap·ertures , incorporated at the nose position in
most styles, are covered by several layers of cloth which may contain charcoal granules. Laboratory
tests made on the captured masks showed that they provided protection against agent CS for no longer
-than 26 seconds. The test results concluded that ''The improvised masks provide l imited protection
against tear gas (CS), but, using proper techniques, could be employed to withstand a moderate or
short-term CS. attack." Masks of these· types would provide virtually no protection against the more
damaging or lethal types of CW agents such as mw;tard, phosgene, hydrogen cyanide, or G- or V- type
nerve agents.
63
(Reverse _Blank)
CONIFIIDIENTIAIL
11~1r.1 a~~'FIED
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by USAJNSCOM FOi/PA
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DISTRIBUTION
Copies Copies
1 AMXST-SD- Ali' OACSI
2 AMXST.:SD-PB
25 AMXST-SD-TD 1 IllB
2 AMXST-AB 1 S&r Div
1 AMXS~-CM 1 WW Div
I: 1 AMXST-GE 1 USASBD
1 AMXST-BS 1 USAITFG
3 AMXST-WS 1 USAIIC
5 AMCRD-I 1 Asst Sec, R&D
1 AMXDO-TI 3 DCS-Milit Oper
1 AMXMR-AX 3 ACS-Force Devlp
1 AMXRES- TPI 2 DCS-Logistics
1 HQ ELECTRONICS COMMAM> 1 CofEngrs
1 AMS'l'A-RR(FIO) 2 Chief, Res & DeV1nt
1 SMEFB-AO 1 USA Scty Agcy
1 AMSAV-ER 20 USA Cmbt Devlp Comd
1 SAVFE-ADBS 2 Surgeon Gen.
1 · AMSMU-RE 1 Hq, USCONARC
1 AMSMU-OI 2 Dir, Sp Wpn, Dev
1 SMUEA:.POPL 1 First US Army · ·
1 SMUFA-A2100-FIO 1 Third· us Army
1 SMUPA-VF 1 Fourth US Army
. ·1 SMUFD-PR- I 1 Fifth US Af:my
2 AMSTE-ADE 1 Sixth US Army
8 STEAP-FI 1 XVIII Abn Corps
1 STEJP-AD-O 1 101st A/B Div
1 STEBD l III Corps
1 ARMOR AND Engr . Boa.rd 1 USA War College
1 STEBA- AJ 1 Comd & Gen ·_S tf Coll~ge ·
1 STEEG-SE 1 US Military Academy
1 STEBC 1 Art · & Msl Sch
5 AMSWE-RDF- 3 1 Art & .Msl Ctr ·
2 UK 1 ArmQr Sci:).
2 CAN 1 USA Aviation· Ctr
1 CO, USA, Admin Ctr 1 USA Infantry Sch
Staff Ln Office, Sec 7 1 Sp Warfare Sch -
St. Louis, Mo. 1 Sp Warfare Ctr
1 CG, Ft Bragg, NC 1 USA ~d Fld Svc Sch
Attn: Staff Ln O, Sec 9 1 USA PMG Sch
1 CG, Ft. Ritchie , Md l USA Cml Corps Sch
Attn: Det F, Sec 9 1 Transportat ion Sch
65
Page 225 of 4 78
DELETED PAGES INFORMATION SHEET
IT IS NOT REASONABLE TO SEGREGATE MEANINGFUL PORTIONS OF THE RECORD

FOR RELEASE .
INFORMATION HAS BEEN WITHHELD IN ITS ENTIRETY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE

FOLLOWING EXEMPTIONS(S):
b3
""' --·- .......... ,_

Page 226 of 478
FSTC-CS-03-04-6:
DISTRIBUTION {Continued)
Copies
T020 NZJS ( IF REL)

Tl50 UK DEI ( IF REL)
Tl53 UK DI 3 ARMY ( IF REL)
T158 UK DSTI (IF REL)
T302 .. CANADA-DGI (IF REL)
T400 AUST-JIB (IF REL)
T405 AUST-ARMY ( IF REL)
T407 AUST-NAVY (IF REL)
T4o8 AUST-AF (IF REL) .
67
( R P~rPrA p Blank)
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FSTC CS 03 04 67 - 1967

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FSTC CS 03 04 67 - 1967

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Description of document: Army Foreign Science and Technology Center (FSTC) CW

(Chemical Warfare) Materiel - North Vietnam, FSTC-CS-

Requested date: 28-February-2022

Release date: 19-May-2023

Posted date: 29-May-2023

Source of document: During COVID Pandemic conditions: Email

We have completed a mandatory declassification review of the INSCOM information in

' .f>,o~oH<;li{Cl)LA~. ~1.Ia:...,_-i>J.

: -.t ~t-l~HAN.G'B~ :t;,.~~t~.¢~p:y, •

•. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND

CW MATERIEL--~ORTH VIETIAM (U)

NO FOREIGN DISSEM EXCEPT U.K., CANADA,

Page 165 of 478 UNClASSlrlED

DATA HANDLING PAGE

(U) Product Identification: FSTC-CS-03-04-67

(U) Product Type: Trend Study

.. (U) Product Classification: SECRET /NO FOREIGN DISSEM EXCEPT U, K, •

(U) "Product Title: CW Materiel--North Vietnam '(U)

· (U) Publication Date: October 1967

(U) Planned Revision: None

(U) FSTC Task No . : 7 -50 3014

(U) Illus trations: 2 5

~~O FOREIG~4 DISSEMANDEXCENEW 1

UNCLASSIFIED Regrac!ed UNCLASSIFIED on

CW MATERIEL--NORTH VIETNAM (U)

(Based on information available as of February 1967)

The security control marking NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION EXCEPT U.K., CANADA,

NO FOREIG~~ DISSEM EXCEPT U .K., CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND

TABLE O F CON TENTS

PREFACE --- -- - - - --- - ----- - -- - - -- - ---- ---- - ---- - - - - - - - - -- - - - iii

"' Section I. CURRENTLY AVAILABLE CW MATERIEL

Materiel Available in North Vietnam ------- - --------------- 1 1

B. Defen sive CW Materiel

Materiel Availabl e in North Vietnam ------ - -- - - - ----------- 3 3

Section II. CW MATERIEL RESOURCES

Research a nd Development in North Vietnam ---------------- 5 7

Section III. TRENDS

Recent Trends --------- - ---------- -- -------------- - - -- - -- 10 10

CW MATERIEL--NORTH VIETNAM (U)

CW MATERIEL--NORTH VIETNAM (U)

a. Equ1pment Identification. Communist combat forces operating in South

( 1) Because the Vietnamese are adept at improvising military devices in

~NClJ\~~lrlcD Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on

(3) A number of locally manufactured, bursting-type chemical hand gre-

(2) Despite the known presence of flamethrowers in South Vietnam, only

(3) Intelligence on organization of chemical units and their authorized

(4) No two-wheel, cart mounted flamethrowers (such as the Model TPO

UNCLASSIFIED Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on

d. Other CW Materiel. Little evidence is available to indicate that NV A/VC

(2) Any VC chemical agent capability is virtually· nonexistent, and chemical

Portable flamethrower. Model LPO-50

Technical characteristics are lis ted in the appe ndix .

a. Quantities and Identification.

(1) All CW defensive materiel positively identified in North Vietnam is of

decontamination equipment, which is better suited for u se in populated areas and

Detection kit, Model PKhR-54 (or variation thereof)

b. Characteristics. The principal characteristics of significant defensive

(1 )' Detection devices . The PKhR-54 detector kit contains a hand-operated

(2) Protective masks. T h e most significant item of defensive equipment