2-Network Types and Topologies P

Networking Types and Topologies
Week 2
Objectives
Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:
•Discuss the 3 Basic types of Network:
•LAN;
•MAN; and
•WAN.
•Describe the Server-Client Model.
•Explain the Different Network Topologies.
•Identify the different Network Protocols and Communications.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
This is an individual network that usually spans a single
geographical area, providing services and applications to
people within a common organizational structure.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
•A MAN usually interconnects a number of LANs using a
high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical
links, and provides up-link services to WANs and the
Internet.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
•A network connection between two or more LAN over a
potentially large geographic distance.
Client-Server Model
•The relationship between clients and servers is known as
the Client-Server Model.
Network Topology
•A network topology/design is the arrangement of the
computers in a network.
Types of Network Topologies
Bus Topology
•Bus topology is a network topology in which every
computer and network device is connected to single cable.
Ring Topology
•This is a topology that forms a ring as each computer is
connected to another computer, with the last one connected
to the first.
Star Topology
•This is a type of topology all the computers are connected
to a single hub through a cable.
Network Protocols and Communications
Protocols
•Protocols are rules that govern communications.
Network Protocols
•Networking protocols describe processes such as the
format or structure of the message, the process by which
networking devices share information about pathways with
other networks, how and when error and system messages
are passed between devices and the setup and termination
of data transfer sessions.
Network Protocols and Communications
Organizations such as of
•Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); and
•Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
defines the standards we use in IT today, particularly for
Network Technologies.
Commonly Used Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
•It is a Common protocol that governs interaction between
web server and a web client.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
•Transport protocol handles the individual conversations
between servers and clients and not just web servers and
web clients but also the TCP segregates the HTTP
messages into smaller pieces, called segments.
Commonly Used Protocols
Internetwork Protocol (IP)
•It is used by routers in selecting the best path to the
destination host.
•Multiple Protocols
The message received by the host usually contains
multiple protocols, plus the actual data, which the
Application Header (HTTP) may or may not exist.
Encapsulation and Decapsulation
Encapsulation
•This is a process to hide or protect a process from the
possibility of outside interference or misuse of the system
while simplifying the use of the system itself, also makes
one type of network data packets to other data types.
Decapsulation
•This is the inverse of the encapsulation process.
Encapsulation is the process of wrapping the data while the
decapsulation process is a process of opening packs.
References
Books
•Cisco Networking Academy. Introduction to Networks v6 Companion
Guide. 1st Edition. United States of America: Amazon Digital Services
LLC. 2016
•Tetz, Edward. Cisco Networking All-in-One For Dummies. 1st Edition.
United States of America: For Dummies. 2016
•Troy, McMillan. Cisco Networking Essentials. 2nd Edition. United States of
America:Sybex. 2016
References
Online References
•http://www.technologyuk.net/telecommunications/networks/local-area-
networks.shtml
•http://www.study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-computer-network-types-
definition-quiz.html
•https://turbofuture.com/computers/Network-Application
•http://www.technologyuk.net/tel uk.net/telecommunications/networks/wide-
area networks.shtml
•http://computernetworkingtopics.weebly.com/metropolitan-area-network-
man.html
•https://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model

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