CH 6 Sec 3

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
The French Revolution and Napoleon

Section 3
MAIN IDEA
Napoleon Bonaparte rose through military ranks to become emperor over France
and much of Europe.
Key Terms and People

Napoleon Bonaparte ambitious military leader who became emperor of France
Admiral Horatio Nelson British naval commander who won the Battle of the Nile
coup d’état a forced transfer of power
plebiscite a question put before all voters
Continental System a blockade that stopped French and allied ships from trading with
Great Britain to prevent that nation from funding the rebellion against Napoleon
nationalism a sense of identity and unity as a people
Taking Notes
As you read the summary, use a graphic organizer like the one below to
record the steps in Napoleon’s rise to power. Add more boxes as needed.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Era Chapter 6 70 Interactive Reader and Study Guide
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 3
Section Summary
NAPOLEON’S RISE TO POWER
As a young man, Napoleon Bonaparte achieved
several military victories, including stopping an
uprising in Paris in 1795. As a reward he was
Why do you think Napoleon
promoted and given increased responsibility over was given more and more
French troops. He protected France’s interior and led responsibility?
the invasion of Italy, winning new territory for France. _______________________
Napoleon next set his sights on Egypt. He wanted
_______________________
to weaken the valuable trade route between Great
Britain and India. In 1798, his troops won control of _______________________
most of Egypt. However, Admiral Horatio Nelson,
commander of the British navy, trapped Napoleon’s
ships in Egypt. During the long Battle of the Nile, the
British destroyed most of the French fleet. How did Napoleon handle
Napoleon returned to France. He covered up his his defeat in Egypt?
defeat by keeping reports out of the newspaper. The _______________________
attention he drew to his successes made him a national
_______________________
hero. Napoleon wanted to take political power from
the weakening Directory at a time when many feared _______________________
the monarchy would return to power. In 1799,
Napoleon’s supporters took control of the weak
French government in a coup d’état (koo day-TAH).
In name, a consulate led France, but its members
elected Napoleon First Consul. Though France was
still set up like a republic, Napoleon ruled as a
Why didn’t the French
dictator. He promised to restore order and stability to
people mind that Napoleon
people who, exhausted by the Revolution and the ruled as a dictator?
warfare that followed, were willing to trade some
_______________________
freedoms for peace, prosperity, and glory for France.
_______________________
EMPEROR NAPOLEON _______________________

In order to make his power permanent and able to be
passed on to his descendents, Napoleon submitted a
plebiscite that asked all voters if they wanted an
empire. They voted yes and so Napoleon became
Emperor Napoleon I in 1804. Napoleon wanted to rule
Europe and the Americas. Even though France
controlled Louisiana, Florida, and Saint Domingue
(now Haiti), his campaigns were unsuccessful in the
Americas. Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to
the United States and focused once more on Europe.
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 3
During these Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain was

France’s greatest enemy. Napoleon was often
successful on land. However, the British navy under
Admiral Nelson prevented Napoleon from conquering
all of Europe. Just two months after a combined
French and Spanish navy at the Battle of Trafalgar,
Napoleon bounced back with a great victory over
Russia and Austria at the Battle of Austerlitz. France
was not going to give up on its desire to expand its
empire, at least not with Napoleon in control.
To weaken Great Britain, he planned a blockade
called the Continental System, in which French and
allied ships were not allowed to trade with Britain.
This would cut down on Britain’s ability to fund other
nations’ efforts to stop him. Britain responded by
requiring all ships to get British permission before
trading with the French Empire. Conflicts in other
places kept the two nations from enforcing these laws.
However, Napoleon sent troops to Portugal, a nation
that refused to comply with the Continental System.
He then took control of Spain, placing his brother Which nation helped Spain
in the Peninsular War?
Joseph on the throne taken from the king. In 1808,
Britain joined Spain to fight the Peninsular War _______________________
against Napoleon. After he won the war, peasant-led
guerrilla fighting forced France out of Spain. Even
with these setbacks, by 1812 he ruled nearly all of Circle the nations that were
Europe. Only Great Britain, Sweden, Portugal, and the not part of the French
Ottoman Empire were free from Napoleon’s control. Empire.
NAPOLEON’S POLICIES
Napoleon wanted a strong central government. His
plans changed several aspects of French society. He
officially recognized the influence of the Roman
Catholic Church. He established the Bank of France List two ways that
and set up an efficient way to collect taxes. Under his Napoleon changed French
leadership, French law was reorganized as the society.
Napoleonic Code. The code ended some unfair laws _______________________
but restricted some basic rights. Napoleon set up high
_______________________
schools, universities, and technical schools to educate
young men. This prepared them for careers in _______________________
government and the military.
All over Europe, Napoleon’s actions increased
feelings of nationalism. People developed a sense of
identity, unity, and allegiance to France.

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Name _____________________ Class _ Date __________

The French Revolution and Napoleon

Key Terms and People

EMPEROR NAPOLEON _______________________

During these Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain was

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