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    Diesel Engine

    Uploaded by

    Subham Kalwar
    The document discusses the components and operation of a diesel engine through four strokes - suction, compression, working, and exhaust. It also covers the efficiency and advantages of diesel engines compared to petrol engines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Diesel Engine

    Uploaded by

    Subham Kalwar
    19 views2 pages
    The document discusses the components and operation of a diesel engine through four strokes - suction, compression, working, and exhaust. It also covers the efficiency and advantages of diesel engines compared to petrol engines.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The document discusses the components and operation of a diesel engine through four strokes - suction, compression, working, and exhaust. It also covers the efficiency and advantages of diesel engines compared to petrol engines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views2 pages

    Diesel Engine

    Uploaded by

    Subham Kalwar
    The document discusses the components and operation of a diesel engine through four strokes - suction, compression, working, and exhaust. It also covers the efficiency and advantages of diesel engines compared to petrol engines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Diesel Engine

    The diesel engine is a four-stroke internal combustion engine designed by Rudolf Diesel in 1892 A.D. It is
    a practical engine consisting of a cylinder that can bear a maximum pressure of 34 atmospheres. Unlike
    petrol engines, there is no sparking plug in a cylinder. However, it consists of a diesel supply valve. In this
    engine air is a working substance and diesel is a fuel.
    The cylinder of a diesel engine is provided with three valves namely: air inlet valve (I), diesel supply
    valve(D), and outlet valve or exhaust valve(O). One complete cycle of a diesel engine incorporates four
    strokes which are explained below:

    a) Suction Stroke
    In this stroke Inlet valve (I) is opened and pure air at atmospheric pressure is sucked into the
    cylinder at constant pressure by the outward movement of the piston as in figure a. The portion EC
    in the P-V diagram represents the isobaric suction stroke. At point C, the volume of air in the
    cylinder is V1.
    b) Compression Stroke
    In this stroke, all the valves are closed and the air is compressed adiabatically to 1/17th of its original
    volume by the inward movement of the piston as in Figure b. This raises the temperature to about
    10000C and pressure to about 34 atmospheres. This is represented by the curve CD in the P-V
    diagram. At D, the volume of air V2 is 1/17Th of the initial volume.
    c) Working Stroke
    In this stroke, the Diesel supply valve opens up to spray diesel in the hot air. At high temperatures,
    diesel causes the burning of air spontaneously. The supply of diesel is so regulated that during
    combustion as the piston moves outward, the pressure remains constant. In this process, the burning
    fuel supplies heat to the air at constant pressure. This is represented by the portion DA in the P-V
    diagram. The movement of the piston is so rapid that mechanical work is obtained in this stroke.

    When the temperature of air reaches 2000K, shown at A in the PV diagram, the supply of diesel is
    cut off which causes decrement in the pressure and temperature represented by the curve AB in the
    PV diagram. At B, the outlet valve is opened and the Q2 amount of heat from burnt gases is
    dissipated into the surroundings which is shown by the portion BC in the PV diagram.
    d) Exhaust Stroke
    During this stroke, the outlet valve is opened and the residual burnt matter is expelled out from the
    cylinder by the inward movement of the piston. This is represented by the portion CE in the PV
    diagram.
    After exhaustion is completed, the cylinder is again ready for the fresh cycle of four strokes.
    Figure: P-V diagram of the diesel engine

    Efficiency of Diesel Engine


    The efficiency of the diesel engine is defined as the ratio of mechanical work done produced by the
    𝑄
    engine to the heat supplied to it. i.e., 𝜂 = 1 - 2 .
    𝑄1

    Finding the values of Q2 and Q1 as similar to the petrol engine, then


    1
    𝜂 = 1 - 𝜌𝛾−1 , where, 𝜌 is called compression ratio.

    For specific diesel engines, 𝜌= 12.6 and 𝛾=1.4


    hence 𝜂 = 0.62
    i.e 62%
    But in the actual engine, due to the frictional loss, conduction, and radiation, the efficiency is much less
    than 62%.

    Advantages of diesel engines over petrol engines


    1. Diesel engines typically have higher thermal efficiency and better fuel economy than petrol
    engines.
    2. Diesel engines have greater carrying capacity and withstand higher loads. So, they are used in
    heavy vehicles like trucks, buses, lorries etc.
    3. Diesel is less risky than petrol as it doesn’t catch fire as readily as petrol.

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