Pyramid

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Pyramid

In this topic we will deal the volumes, lateral and total area of a pyramid. We will learn how to derive
the lateral and total area by illustrating the lateral faces of a pyramid, thus make this topic quite
interesting.

I. Definition. A pyramid is a polyhedron of which one face called the base is a polygon of any number of
sides and the other faces are triangles which have a common vertex.

Consider the figure below.

If we peel – off the faces of the pyramid, it will look like the figure at the right, where we can see the
lateral faces and one base. Thus, solving its lateral area is the same as are the lateral faces which are
triangles.

II. Lateral Edges and Slant height of a Pyramid

The yellow lines represent the slant


The red lines represent the lateral
height. It is also the height a triangle
edges of a pyramid
(lateral face)
III. Lateral Area of a Pyramid
In solving the lateral area of a pyramid, we will simply get the sum of the area its lateral faces. Consider
the figure below.

Recall the area of a triangle Lateral faces of a Pyramid

base ×height
A=
2

Lateral faces in linear form (flat surface) Lateral in 3D

Lateral Area = sum of the areas of the triangles formed The yellow lines represent the slant
Notice height. It is also the height a triangle
a×s (lateral face)
L.A = 3( )
2

3a×s
= ; this is quite interesting;
2

3a is the perimeter of the base


s (yellow lines) is considered as slant height.

Thus,
Perimeter of the base × slant height
L . A=
2
Consider the example below.

Example 1.
A regular pentagonal pyramid has an altitude of 20 cm. and a slant height of 25 cm. Find the lateral
area of the pyramid.

Solution:
Illustration:

a. Solve for x, (apothem) Base


Use Pythagorean theorem to solve for x
2 2 2
x + 20 =25
2 2 2
x =25 −20
2
x =625−400
√ x 2=√ 225
x=15

b. Solve the base edge b, (side) Triangle formed

θ d. Solving the base edge b,


c. Find the ,
2 Using Trig. Function
θ 15
tan =
(n−2)180
o
2 b
θ= 2
n
(5−2)180
o o 2
¿ tan54 =15 ×
5 b
o o 30
¿ 108 tan54 =
b
θ o
=54
2
e. Solving the lateral area of the regular pentagonal pyramid
Perimeter of thebase × slant height
L . A .=
2

( 5 ×21.80 cm. ) ×25 cm


L . A .=
2
¿ 1,362.5 sq . cm.

IV. Total Area of a Pyramid


The total area of a regular or any pyramid is defined as the sum of its lateral area and its base area.

T.A = Lateral area + Base Area

Refer to Problem 1, but this time we solve the total area


Example 1.
A regular pentagonal pyramid has an altitude of 20 cm. and a slant height of 25 cm. Find the total
area of the pyramid.

Since, we already solved the lateral area using the base edge of the previous, our problem now is to
solve the base area,
Recall:

b. Solving the base area, of a


regular pentagon, when side s is
given
2 θ
n s tan
2
A=
4
2 o
5 ×21.80 tan54
a. Solving the base edge b, A=
4
Using Trig. Function
θ 15
tan =
2 b c. Solving the total area, of a regular
2 pentagon, when side s is given
o 2 T . A .=L . A + Base area
tan54 =15 ×
b
o 30 T . A .=1,362.5 sq . cm+817.64 sq . cm
tan54 = ¿ 2 ,180.14 sq . cm.
b
V. Volume of a Pyramid
The volume of a regular or any pyramid is defined as 1/3 of the product the base area and its height.
base Area x height
V=
3

Refer to problem 1. but this we will solve the volume.

Example 1.
A regular pentagonal pyramid has an altitude of 20 cm. and a slant height of 25 cm. Find the volume
of the pyramid.

Notice we already solved the area of its base,

Recall

b. Solving the base area, of a


regular pentagon, when side s is
given
2 θ
n s tan
2
A=
4
2 o
5 ×21.80 tan54
A=
4

a. Solving the base edge b,


Using Trig. Function c. Solving the volume of a regular pentagonal
θ 15 pyramid,
tan =
2 b Base Area x height
.V=
2 3
o 2
tan54 =15 ×
b 817.64 × 20 cm
V=
o 30 3
tan54 =
b
¿ 5,450.93 cu . cm .
Your Task. Find your partner or third man in accomplishing your task. You may refer to other problems
as reference for us to learn in solving the volume, lateral and total area of a regular pyramid

(to be submitted during our face to face class)

Make an illustration of each problem and show your solution. Make your work neat and clean.

A. A square pyramid has base edge of 20 cm and an altitude of 15 cm. Find its lateral and the
volume of the pyramid.

B. An inverted pyramid whose base is an equilateral triangle is to be filled with 2,000 gallons of
water. Find the height of the regular triangular pyramid if each base edge is 4 meters.
(1 cu. meter = 264.17 gals)

C. The surface of a church spire is in a form of a regular hexagonal pyramid 60 feet high and a
lateral edge of 100 ft. is to be painted. Find the cost of painting the surface of the church spire if
each square yard cost P200.

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