SEMESTER II

Course Code URCG-5112 Course Title Fables, Wisdom Credit Hours 2(2-0)
and Epics

Course Brief:
The course will enable students to explore human experiences, cultivate an appreciation of the past, enrich
their capacity to participate in the life of their times, and enable an engagement with other cultures and
civilizations, both ancient and modern. But independently of any specific application, the study of these
subjects teaches understanding and delight in the highest achievements of humanity. The three components
of the course, including fables, wisdom literature and epic, will enable the learners to explore and
understand the classic tradition in literature.
Course Learning Objectives:
Development of personal virtue, a deep Sufi ethic and an unwavering concern for the permanent over the
fleeting and the ephemeral are some of the key themes explored in the contents that will develop an
intimate connection between literature and life.

Course Contents:
1. Fables
• The Fables of Bidpai
• The Lion and the Bull
• The Ring-dove
• The Owls and the Crows

• Selected poem from Bang-i-Dara

2. Gulistan-e- Sa’di
• Ten ḥikāyāt from John T. Platts, The Gulistan
3. Epic
• THE SHĀHNĀMA OF FIRDAUSI

Recommended Texts:
1. Chishti, Y.S. (1991). Sharaḥ-i bāng-i darā. Lāhaur: Maktaba-i taʿmīr-i insāniyat
2. John T. P. (1876). The Gulistan; or, Rose Garden of Shaikh Muslihu’d- Dīn Sa’dī of Shīrāz. London:
Wm. II. Allen.
Suggested Readings:

1. Thackston, W. (2000). A Millennium of Classical Persian Poetry. Maryland: Ibex Publishers.

2. Wood, R. (2013). Kalila and Dimna: Fables of Conflict and Intrigue.
United

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Course Code URCG-5116 Course Title Science of Society-I Credit Hours 2 (2-0)

Course Brief:

This course will introduce students with the subject matter of social science, its scope, nature and
ways of looking at social phenomenon. It will make the participants acquaintance with the
foundations of modern society, state, law, knowledge and selfhood. While retaining a focus on
Pakistani state and society, students will encounter theoretical concepts and methods from
numerous social science disciplines, including sociology, politics, economics anthropology and
psychology and make them learn to think theoretically by drawing on examples and case studies
from our own social context. Students will be introduced to the works of prominent social theorists
from both western and non-western contexts. Instruction will include the use of written texts,
audio-visual aids and field visits.
Course Learning Objectives: The course has following outcomes: It will
• Introduce student with the nature of human social behavior and foundations of human
group life
• Analyze the reciprocal relationship between individuals and society.
• Make student aware with the nature of societies existing in modern world
• Make students familiar with the philosophy of knowledge of social sciences
• Introduce students with the works of prominent theories explain human group behavior
• Help students to understand the foundations of society including culture, socialization,
politics and economy
• Introduce students with various dimensions of social inequalities with reference to
gender, race, ethnicity and religion
• Make them aware about the understanding of various themes pertains to social science
in local context
• Help them recognize the difference between objective identification of empirical facts,
and subjective formulation of opinionated arguments
Course Contents:

1. Introduction to Social Sciences

• Social world, Human Social behavior, Foundations of society
• Evolution of Social sciences
• Philosophy of Science
• Scope and nature of social sciences
• Modernity and social sciences
• Branches of social science: Sociology, Anthropology, Political Science, Economics
Society and Community, Historical evolution of Society
• Types of Societies
• Foraging society, Horticultural society, Pastoralist society
• Agrarian societies, Industrial society, Postindustrial society
2. Philosophy of Knowledge in social Science and social inquiry
• Understanding social phenomenon
• Alternative ways of knowing
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 • Science as a source to explore social reality
• Objectivity, Value-Free research
• Positivism vs Interpretivism
• Qualitative vs Quantitative

3. Culture and Society

• Idea of Culture, Assumptions of Culture
• Types, Components, Civilization and culture
• Individual and culture. Cultural Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism
• Outlook of Pakistani culture
• Global Flows of culture, Homogeneity, Heterogeneity
4. Social Stratification and Social inequality
• Dimensions of inequality, Social class
• Gender, Race, Religion, Ethnicity, Caste
• Patterns of social stratification in Pakistan
• Class, caste system in agrarian society
• Ascription vs Achievement, Meritocracy
• Global stratification in modern world, Global patterns of inequality
5. Personality, Self and Socialization
• Concept of self, Personality
• Nature vs Nurture, Biological vs Social
• Development of Personality
• Socialization as a process, Agents of socialization
• Socialization and self/group identity
6. Gender and Power
• Understanding Gender
• Social construction of Patriarchy
• Feminism in Historical context, Gender Debates
• Gender and Development
• Gender issues in Pakistani society, Women Participation in politics, economy and
education
• Toward a gender sensitive society, Gender mainstreaming
Pakistan: State, Society, Economy and Polity
• Colonialism, colonial legacy, National identity
• Transformation in Pakistani society: Traditionalism vs Modernism
• Economy, Informality of Economy, Modern economy and Pakistan
• Political Economy, Sociology of Economy

Recommended Texts:
1. Giddens, A. (2018). Sociology (11th ed.). UK: Polity Press.
2. Henslin, J. M. (2018). Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach.(18th Edition)
Pearson Publisher.
3. Macionis, J. J. (2016). Sociology (16th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
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 4. Qadeer, M. (2006) Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformation in a Muslim Nation.
5. Smelser, N.J. and Swedburg, R., The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Chapter 1 ‘Introducing
Economic Sociology’, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Suggested Readings:
1. Systems of Stratification | Boundless Sociology (no date).
Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/systems-
of-stratification/
2. Jalal, A. (ed.) (1995) ‘The colonial legacy in India and Pakistan’, in Democracy and
Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press (Contemporary South Asia)
3. Zaidi, S. A. (2015) Issues in Pakistan’s Economy: A Political Economy Perspective. Oxford
University Press. Chapter 26
4. Akhtar, A. S. (2017) The Politics of Common Sense: State, Society and Culture in Pakistan.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smelser, N.J. and Swedburg, R., The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Chapter 1 ‘Introducing
Economic Sociology’, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

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Course Code URCG-5120 Course Title Exploring Credit Hours 3(3-0)
Quantitative Skills

Course Brief:
Since ancient times, numbers, quantification, statistics and mathematics has played a central role in scientific
and technological development. In the 21st century, Quantitative Reasoning (QR) skills are essential for life as
they help to better understand socio-economic, political, health, education, and many other issues, an
individual now faces in daily life.

Course Learning Objectives:

The skills acquired by taking this course will help the students to apply QR methods in their daily life and
professional activities. This course will also change student’s attitude about statistics and mathematics. It will
not only polish their QR skills, but also enhance their abilities to apply these skills.

Course Contents:
1. Introduction to quantitative reasoning
2. Overview of contributions of Mathematicians and Statisticians especially Muslim scholars.
3. Types of standard numbers
4. Proportions, rates, ratio and percentages
5. Odds and odds ratio
6. Scale of measurements
7. Number sequence and series
8. Unit analysis as a problem-solving tool
9. Data handling (small and large)
10. Data errors, absolute and relative and their applications
11. Descriptive statistics
12. Rules of counting: multiplication rule, factorial, permutation and combination
13. Probability and its application in real life
14. A graphical perspective through Venn Diagram
15. Financial indicator analysis, and money management (profit, loss, simple and compound interest)
16. Practical scenarios involving algebraic expressions: linear and quadratic

Recommended Texts:

1. Akar, G. K., Zembat, İ. Ö., Arslan, S., & Thompson, P. W. (2023). Quantitative Reasoning in
Mathematics and Science Education. 1st Ed., Springer, USA.
2. Peck, R., Olsen, C., & Devore, J. L. (2015). Introduction to statistics and data analysis. 5th Ed.,
Brooks Cole, USA.
3. Devlin, K. J. (2012). Introduction to mathematical thinking. Palo Alto, CA: Keith Devlin.

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Suggested Readings:
1. Triola, M. F., Goodman, W. M., Law, R., & Labute, G. (2006). Elementary statistics. Reading, MA:
Pearson/Addison-Wesley.
2. Blitzer, R., & White, J. (2005). Thinking mathematically. Pearson Prentice Hall.

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Course Code URCG-5127 Course Title Seerat of the Holy Credit Hours 1(1-0)
Prophet (SAW)

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 Course Code ZOOL-5103 Course Title Animal Diversity-II Credit Hours 4(3-1)
(Chordates)

Course Brief:
This course will enable students to understand the taxonomic characteristics of protochordates
andchordates. It provides knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships of protochodates and various
classes ofchordates. Students will understand the phylogenetic relations, physiological adaptations, behavior
and diversity of Pisces, amphibians, reptiles andmammals and able to analyze the process of micro evolution
within chordates. After this course the students will understand what the chordates are, can recognize
different categories of chordates, understands the level of organization in chordate subphylum, can
comprehend the general characters of chordates and know about the origin and evolutionary relationship in
different subphylum of chordates.

Course Learning Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this subject studentswill be able to describe unique characters of
urochordates, cephalochordates and fishes, can recognize difference in life functions of urochordates and
fishes, will understand the ecological role of different groups of chordates and understand the diversity of
chordates. Identification of the morphological and anatomical structure for the major groups of vertebrates
from an evolutionary point of view will be discussed.

Course Contents:

1. Protochordates: classification of protochordates. Structure, anatomy and organ systems of acorn

worms, urochodates and cephalochodates, reproduction; life histories and metamorphosis of
protochodates. phylogenetic relationships.
2. Fishes: vertebrate success in water. Phylogenetic relationships of Pisces.Classification of
Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Dipnoiand Holocephalli. Locomotor adaptations, nutrition and the
digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and
osmoregulation, reproduction and development of Chondrichthyes (Scoliodon) and Osteichthyes
(CyprinuscarpioandWallagoattu).
3. Amphibians: The first terrestrial vertebrates. Characteristics of amphibians Phylogenetic
relationships. Classification of amphibians and characteristics of order Caudata, Gymnophiona, and
Anura. Structure and locomotor adaptations, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas
exchange, temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and Osmoregulation,
reproduction, development, and metamorphosis of caudate, anura and Gymnophiona.
4. Reptiles: The First Amniotes and cladistic interpretation of the amniotic lineage. General
characteristics of reptiles. Characteristics of Order Testudines or Chelonia,Rhynchocephalia,
Squamata, and Crocodilia. Adaptations in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the
digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory

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 functions, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development of chelonia, squamata,
Rhynchocephalia and crocodilian. Further phylogenetic considerations
5. Birds: Classification, feathers, flight and endothermy. Phylogenetic relationships; ancient birds and
the evolution of flight. Diversity of modern birds. Adaptation in external structure and locomotion,
nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and regulation, nervous and sensory
systems, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development. Migration and navigation.
6. Mammals: Classification, Specialized teeth, endothermy, hair and viviparity. Diversity of
mammals.Adaptations in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive
system,circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions,
excretion and osmoregulation, behavior, reproduction and development.
Practical

1. Classification and study of lab specimens of hemichordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals.
2. Visit to PMNH for the study of diversity of chordates.

Recommended Texts:
1. Miller, A. S., & Harley, J. P. (2016 & 2019). Zoology (10 & 11 ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
2. Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. S., Keen, S. L., Larson, A., I’Anson, H & Eisenhour., D. J. (2009). Integrated
principles of zoology (14 ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
3. Hickman, C., Jr., Keen, S., Eisenhour, D., Larson, A. & I'Anson, H., (2019). Integrated principles of
zoology (18 ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Suggested Readings:
th 1.
Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. S., & Larson, A. (2018). Integrated principles of zoology (15 ed.). Singapore:
McGraw-Hill.
2. Hickman, C., Jr., Keen, S., Eisenhour, D., Larson, A. & I'Anson, H., (2019). Integrated principles of th
zoology (18ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
3. Peckenik, J. A. (2015). Biology of Invertebrates. 7 Ed Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

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 Course Code ZOOL-5104 Course Title Animal Form and Credit Hours 4(3+1)
Function-II

Course Brief:
This course will enable students to understand the diversity in animal form and function adapted
according to the modified environmental conditions. Students will also be provided understanding
about the need of emergence of diversity of forms for the performance of similar function in
variable conditions. It also demonstrates that a form is successfully adapted to perform a function
like temperature regulation adequately and successfully according to its own environment.

Course Learning Objectives:

Upon successful completion of course students will have knowledge about nutrition and digestion process
among animal groups, temperature regulation strategies adapted by animals and different modes of
reproduction adapted by several groups for their successful stay on planet. The practical section will let
them to study the excretory system in invertebrate and vertebrate model animals, can study nutritive
canal in invertebrate and vertebrate animals through dissection and will be able to study the male and
female reproductive system of an invertebrate and a vertebrate animal model with familiarity of major
differences in them.

Course Contents:

1. Nutrition and Digestion: Evolution of nutrition; the metabolic fates of nutrients in heterotrophs;
digestion, Animal strategies for getting and using food, diversity in digestive structures of invertebrates.,
The mammalian digestive system: gastrointestinal motility and its control, Oral cavity, pharynx and
esophagus, stomach, small intestine: main site of digestion; large intestine; role of the pancreas in
digestion; and role of the liver and gallbladder in digestion.
2. Temperature and body fluid regulation: homeostasis and temperature regulation; the impact of
temperature on animal life; heat gains and losses; some solutions to temperature fluctuations;
3. Temperature regulation in invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals; heat
production in birds and mammals, control of water and solutes (osmoregulation and excretion);
invertebrate and vertebrate
4. Excretory systems; how vertebrates achieve osmoregulation; vertebrate kidney variations; mechanism in
metanephric kidney functions.
5. Reproduction and development: asexual reproduction in invertebrates; advantages and disadvantages
of asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction in invertebrates; advantages and disadvantages of sexual
reproduction; sexual reproduction in vertebrates; reproductive strategies; examples of reproduction
among various vertebrate classes; the human male reproductive system: spermatogenesis, transport
and hormonal control, reproductive function; the human female reproductive system: folliculogenesis,
transport and hormonal control, reproductive function; hormonal regulation in gestation; prenatal
development and birth: the placenta; milk production and lactation.
Practical
1. Study of excretory system in an invertebrate and a vertebrate representative (Model).
2. Study of dissection system in invertebrate and a vertebrate representative (Dissection). 3. Dissection
and study of male and female reproductive system in vertebrates and invertebrates.

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 Note: Prepared slides and preserved specimen and/or projection slides and/or CD ROM computer
projections may be used to develop better understanding among students.
Recommended Texts:
1. Miller, A. S., & Harley, J. P. (2016 & 2019). Zoology (10 & 11 ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
2. Hickman, C., Jr., Keen, S., Eisenhour, D., Larson, A., I'Anson, H., (2019). Integrated principles of
zoology (18 ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Suggested Readings:
1. Campbell, N. A. (2002). Biology (6th ed.). California: Benjamin Cummings.
2. Kent, G. C., & Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York: McGraw-Hill.
th
3. Pechenik, J. A. (2015). Biology of invertebrates (7 ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill

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