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Edexcel Chemistry – Topic 1: Key Concepts in Chemistry Foundation

a d g j
Draw and label an atom. Include labels for the Complete the table by adding the symbols. James Chadwick discovered the… neutrons What are the columns in the periodic table
following: neutron, proton, electron. Underline the correct answer. called?
Element Symbol 
groups

Electrons oxygen proton

O
neutron What are the rows in the periodic table called?
lithium Li electron  periods or series.

sodium Na From the periodic table below, label the area of

Niels Bohr discovered that…
 Electrons move around a nucleus, but metals and non-metals.
Neutrons potassium K only in prescribed orbits
Metals

helium He Nonmetals
Protons h
Describe what the alpha scattering
carbon C experiment showed scientists.

True or false? magnesium Mg Keywords: alpha, gold, positive, gold, scattered

1. The radius of an atom is 0.1nm. particles
 True
 Rutherford conducted an experiment by
2. Most of the mass is in the shell of the atom. e The groups on the periodic table shows the
 False Describe the plum pudding model of the  bombarding a thin sheet of gold with number of e Electrons in the outer shell.
atom. Draw a diagram. -particles and then studied the trajectory of

Keywords: positive, these particles after their interaction with
b Electrons Positively charged matter  the gold foil. k
Fill in the table to show the charge and mass negative, charge Complete the electronic structure diagrams for:
During Rutherford's -particle scattering
of each component of an atom. oxygen ••
In Thomson's plum pudding
model of the atom, the experiment, he concluded that: (i) 8
Relative
electrons were embedded
electrons have a negative charge. (ii) ••
What is the Name Charge in a uniform sphere of 
overall charge
Mass positive charge, like the mass and positive charge of the ••
proton
blueberries stuck into a
atom is concentrated in the nucleus. (iii)
of an atom? Positive 1.007 amu. muffin. The positive matter
neutron exists in the nucleus.
was thought to be jelly-like,
or similar to a thick soup.
neutron No charge 1.008 amu
a. positive ••
b. negative electron Why did scientists believe this model? i
magnesium 12 ••
Electron 5.45 X 10^-4
How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic ••
c. no charge amu Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes showed
that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic table? ••
particles or electrons. Thomson's plum pudding model of

Complete the following diagram for sodium,

c
the atom had negatively-charged electrons embedded
within a positively-charged "soup."
 Mendeleev ostensibly organized his •• •
•
 table by increasing atomic weight
including the atomic number and the atomic f
mass number. Name the compounds and the elements they ••
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic
contain.
table? Write the number of electrons next to each
11 NaCl – sodium chloride - sodium and chlorine
Na He left blank spaces for the atom.
22.990 undiscovered elements so that certain
MgO - -magnesium oxide-magnesium and oxygen elements can be grouped together.
l
What is the mass number? Isotopes are elements with a different number
23 MgS -  -Magnesium sulfide-magnesium and sulphide What happened to some of the gaps he left? of n but the same number of
 Neutrons
How do you calculate neutron number? 
Mendeleev recognised that there must be missing elements
p Protrons . E.g. carbon 12 and carbon 14.
-Iron(II) sulfide-iron and sulfur
 Mass number - atomic number = neutron 23-11=13 FeS -  based on the properties of the ones that had, so left gaps for

undiscovered elements which were found later - scandium,
gallium and germanium for example.

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