English For Agriculture

English For Agriculture
ESP
Asti Gumartifa, S.Pd., M.Pd

Prof. Dr. Indawan Syahri, S.Pd., M.Pd
Dilarang memperbanyak, mencetak atau menerbitkan
Sebagian maupun seluruh buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit
Ketentuan Pidana
Kutipan Pasal 72 Undang-undang Republik Indonesia
Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta
1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal
2 ayat (1) atau pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing
paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satujuta
rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp.
5.000.000,00 (lima juta rupiah).
2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan, atau menjual
kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau hak terkait
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima)
tahun dan/atau denda paling banyakRp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratusjuta rupiah).
English For Specific Purpose

ESP
Penulis : Asti Gumartifa, S.Pd., M.Pd
Prof. Dr. Indawan Syahri, S.Pd., M.Pd
Layout : Nyimas Amrina Rosyada
Desain Cover : Haryono
Diterbitkan Oleh:
Rafah Press bekerja sama dengan Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada
Masyarakat UIN RF Palembang
Anggota IKAPI
Dicetak oleh:
CV. Amanah
Jl. Mayor Mahidin No. 142
Telp/Fax : 366 625
Palembang – Indonesia 30126
E-mail :[email protected]
Cetakan I: Februari 2020

18 x 25 cm
x, 112 hlm
Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang pada penulis

All right reserved
ISBN : 978-623-250-167-6
ii
PREFACE
Praise the presence of God Almighty because of His grace, the

author can finish writing English for Agriculture textbook proposals that
will be used as a guidebook for the Agribusiness, Agro technology, Food
Science and Technology, Aquaculture, and Forestry study programs.
The preparation of this textbook will aim to facilitate students taking
English courses in Agriculture. In addition, the preparation of this textbook
is expected to provide additional knowledge and solutions for students and
other lecturers who experience difficulties in obtaining reading material
about the English for Agriculture course.
English for Agriculture is one of the subjects that must be taken for
semester 1 students in Agribusiness, Agro technology, Food Science and
Technology, Aquaculture, and Forestry study programs at the Faculty of
Agriculture. In order to support teaching and learning activities in these
courses, it is very important for students and lecturers to have a handbook
that has material contained in the Semester Learning Plan used in the study
program at the faculty of agriculture.
The author would like to thank you for the support and advice of all
parties who helped the process of writing this textbook both morally and
materially. This gratitude are addressed to the Dean of the Faculty of
Agriculture UMP namely Ir. Gusmiatun. MP, the Dean of the Faculty of
Economy and Business namely Drs. H. Fauzi Ridwan, M.M, and the Head
of LPPM namely Dr. Mustofa Marli Batubara, MP and all those who have
helped until this book proposal is completed.
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We are aware that in the preparation of this textbook there are still
shortcomings. Therefore we sincerely hope for criticism and suggestions for
the improvement and perfection of this book.
Hopefully this textbook is useful for students and readers to enrich
their knowledge, especially in matters relating to English for Agriculture.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................... i

PREFACE .............................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................ v
COURSE INFORMATION ................................................................. viii
ENGLISH FOR AGRICULTURE

1. Chapter I The Beginning of Agriculture ................................. 1
a. Sub Bab I : Reading (The History of Agriculture) ................. 1
b. Sub Bab II : Vocabulary ......................................................... 4
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Greeting and Farewell) .................... 5
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Noun) ............................................... 7
2. Chapter II Famous People Biography ..................................... 11

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (Benjamin Holt) ..................................... 12
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Self- Introduction)............................ 19
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Adjective and Adverb) ..................... 20
3. Chapter III Plant Product ........................................................ 25

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (What Fruits Do You Like) ................... 25
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (How Much Does It Cost) ................. 29
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Pronoun)........................................... 30
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4. Chapter IV Seeds ....................................................................... 33
a. Sub Bab I : Reading (Seed Saving Method for Different Type)... 33
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Telling a Personal Agenda).............. 36
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Simple Present Tense) ..................... 39
5. Chapter V Soil............................................................................ 43
a. Sub Bab I : Reading (The Key Component of Healthy Soil
Structure .................................................................................. 43
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Telling a Plan) .................................. 50
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Simple Future Tense) ....................... 52
6. Chapter VI Plant Grow ............................................................. 55

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (Plant) .................................................... 55
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Daily Routine With The Time) ........ 60
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Past Tense) ...................................... 65
7. Chapter VII Water .................................................................... 69

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (The Water Crisis) ................................. 70
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Appearance) ..................................... 75
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Present Continuous Tense) .............. 77
8. Chapter VIII Feed and Nutrient .............................................. 79

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (Nutrition).............................................. 79
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c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Asking for Direction) ....................... 83
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Modal Auxiliary) ............................. 86
9. Chapter IX Harvest ................................................................... 89

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (The Harvest) ......................................... 89
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Telephone Conversation) ................. 93
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (W-H Question) ................................. 97
10. Chapter X Selecting and Storing Fruit .................................... 99

a. Sub Bab I : Reading (Selecting and Storing Fruit) ................. 99
c. Sub Bab III : Speaking (Family Tree) .................................... 103
d. Sub Bab IV : Structure (Tag Question) .................................. 107
REFERENCE ........................................................................................ 110

ABOUT THE AUTHOR ....................................................................... 112
vii
INFORMATION OF COURSE
Course Name English

Course Code
Course Status English for Specific Purposes
Study Level Bachelor Degree
Number of SKS 2 SKS
Semester 1
Faculty Faculty of Agriculture
University Muhammadiyah Palembang
Course Description
This "English for Agriculture" textbook discusses the use of English
vocabulary in agriculture, grammar that can remind them to the knowledge
of grammar concepts in the use of spoken or written English, and presents
the use of language speaking that help students in expressing ideas or
thoughts about the field of agricultural activities in English.
Cullicular Purpose
Skills Understanding (listening, speaking, reading and writing) of English
General Instructional Purposes
After studying this course students are expected to:
a. Make students to understand English for Agriculture courses easily
b. Increase knowledge about new terms or vocabulary of agriculture
c. Improve students' speaking ability about farming activities in
English.
d. Improve the quality of the learning process and assist students in
achieving learning objectives.
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Course Material and Presentation
Subject Sub Subject Presentation
The Beginning of Reading: The History of Agriculture Meeting -1
Agriculture Speaking: Greeting And Farewell
Structure: Noun
Famous People Reading: Benjamin Holt Meeting -2
Biography Speaking: Self-Introduction
Structure: Adjective and Adverb
Plant Product Reading: What Fruit Do You Like? Meeting -3
Speaking: How Much Does It Cost?
Structure: Pronoun
Seeds Reading: Seed Saving Method For Meeting -4
Different Type and 5
Speaking: Telling a Personal Agenda
Structure: Simple Present Tense
Soil Reading: The Key Component of Meeting -6
Healthy Soil
Speaking: Telling a Plant
Structure: Simple Future Tense
Plant Grow Reading: Plant Meeting -7
Speaking: Daily Routine with the Time
Structure: Past Tense
Water Reading: The Water Crisis Meeting -8
Speaking: Appearance and 9
Structure: Present Continuous Tense
Feed and Nutrient Reading: Nutrition Meeting -10
Speaking: Asking for Direction and 11
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Structure: Modal Auxiliary
Harvest Reading: The Harvest Meeting -12
Speaking: Telephone Conversation and 13
Structure: W-H Questions
Selecting and Reading: Selecting and Storing Fruit Meeting -14
Storing Fruit Speaking: Family Tree and 15
Structure: Tag Question
x
UNIT 1
THE BEGINNING OF AGRICULTURE
Before reading the text, have a look at the pictures below to describe
and answer the questions that follow. Browse the necessary
information.
1. Why is the agricultural sector important?

2. In what sector is agriculture beneficial for our country?
3. Explain some sector problems of the agriculture?
4. What is the relationship between export and import in agriculture?
5. What are some advantages and disadvantages of these pictures
A. READING
The History of Agriculture

Agriculture began in the area known as the fertile crescent. The area
is a hot, dry desert. But it has two of the requirements for farming: good soil
and a water supply.
1
Many early farmerss used the nile river as a water supply. The nile
river floods at the same time every year. Farmers planted crops before the
floods. This helped their plant to survive in the desert. Later, farmers created
irrigation ditches they moved water from the nile River to their fields. They
could cultivate crops any time of the year and harvest extra food.
Producing extra food was important. Later, farmers fed animals with
it. These Domesticated animals became another important part of
agriculture.
Reading Task!
1. Read the textbook passage. Then, mark the following statements as
true (T) or false (F)
a. (……………..) Crops cannot grow in desert.
b. (…………….. ) The Nile River floods every year.
c. (……………..) Farmers raised animals before plants.
d. (……………..) Good soil and water supply are the basic requirement
of farming.
e. (……………..) Planted crops help plant to survive.
2
2. Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (a-f)
a. A large group of cultivated d. To make something.
plants. e. To raise a crop from seeding
b. To put seeds in soil. to harvest.
c. Growing plants and raising f. To tame an animal.
animals.
1. ……. Agriculture 4. ……. Produce

2. ……. Crop 5. ……. Domesticate
3. ……. Cultivate 6. ……. Plant
3. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks
1. Water supply / Irrigation
a. The river is the farmer‘s …………………..
b. ………………………. Helps farmers grows crops in areas with
little rainfall.
2. Harvesting / Farming
a. …………………. Includes raising animals and crops.
b. Farmers wait until crops are mature to start ………………….
3. Cultivate / Domesticate
a. ……………… Animal is also support the growth of plant.
b. Farmer tries to …………….. the seeds in a good order.
4. Production / Plant
a. The ……………. of plant and animal is useful for human being.
b. Several …………. grow in desert farmland.
5. Seeds / Desert
a. Farmers always use good quality …………… in farming.
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b. There are many problems planting in ……………… area.
B. VOCABULARY
 Agriculture
Agriculture is the main income in our village. One of the
results of farmers in our village is rice and corn.
 Farming
My father is a rice and corn farmer in the village . Almost
every takes care of the land and rice plants.
 Water suply
Water supply for farmers is very important because rice plants
need a lot of water.
 Planted crops
Planted crops one of the work of the farmers and it has
become his job.
 Irrigation ditches
Ditch irrigation channels for farmers to flow water to
farmers fields.
 Cultivate
Usually the farmers process corn into our food or even
poultry or livestock.
 Harvest
After the farmers take care of and plant their crops they
harvest and need help from others.
 Producing
Usually it is the rice and corn mills that will produce the
results of the farmer.
4
 Domesticated
The farmers tamed rats and other pesets by using
chemical or manual drugs.
C. SPEAKING
Informal Introduction
Andre : Good evening. How are you doing? My name is Andre.
Bobby : I‘m doing great, thanks. I‘m Bobby.
Andre : What was your name again?
Bobby : Bobby.
Andre : So Bobby, what do you do in this farmland?
Bobby : I‘m harvesting of rice.
Andre : That‘s great, nice to meet you.
Bobby : Yeah. Nice to meet you too.
5
Formal Introduction
Anton : Mr. Edwin, this is Dr. Harry Brown from Boston,
Massachusettsm, America.
Mr. Edwin : How do you do Dr. Brown?
Dr. Brown : How do you do.
Mr. Edwin : Please take a seat, Dr. Brown. I‘m glad I can meet you
before the meeting this morning. Would you like to see
the report before we start working?
Dr. Brown : Certainly thank you. This would help me understand
details to begin with. Shall we start now?
Mr. Edwin : I‘m sure we‘ll get there in time.
In the formal introduction above, notice that how do you do also

used in response to greet someone introduced to you. The following are
some other formal and informal greetings:
I‘m very pleased to meet you, Mr……..

It‘s a pleasure to meet you, Mr……..
I‘m very glad to meet you, Miss……
I‘m happy to meet you, Miss…….
How do you do, Mr…….
Hi there, how are things with you?
Hello…..
Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening…..
Hi, how are you
6
Speaking Task!
1. This is an exercise on self-introduction. Introduce yourself in front of the
class, and use the structure that you have learned.
D. STRUCTURE
NOUN refers to persons, animals, places, things, ideas, or events,
etc. Nouns encompass most of the words of a language.
Noun can be a/an -
 Person – a name for a person: - Max, Julie, Catherine, Michel, Bob, etc.
 Animal – a name for an animal: - dog, cat, cow, kangaroo, etc.
 Place – a name for a place: - London, Australia, Canada, Mumbai, etc.
 Thing – a name for a thing: - bat, ball, chair, door, house, computer, etc.
 Idea – A name for an idea: - devotion, superstition, happiness,
excitement, etc.
Different Types of Noun:

1. Proper Noun is a name which refers only to a single person, place, or
thing and there is no common name for it. In written English, a proper
noun always begins with capital letters.
Example: Melbourne (it refers to only one particular city), Steve (refers
to a particular person)
2. Common Noun: is a name for something which is common for many
things, person, or places. It encompasses a particular type of things,
person, or places.
Example: Country (it can refer to any country, nothing in particular),
city (it can refer to any city like Melbourne, Mumbai, Toronto, etc. but
nothing in particular).
7
3. Abstract Noun: is a word for something that cannot be seen but is
there. It has no physical existence. Generally, it refers to ideas,
qualities, and conditions.
Example: Truth, lies, happiness, sorrow, time, friendship, humor,
patriotism, etc.
4. Concrete Noun: is the exact opposite of abstract noun. It refers to the
things we see and have physical existence.
Example: Chair, table, bat, ball, water, money, sugar, etc.
5. Countable Noun: The nouns that can be counted are called countable
nouns. Countable nouns can take an article: a, an, the.
Example: Chair, table, bat, ball, etc. (you can say 1 chair, 2 chairs, 3
chairs – so chairs are countable)
6. Non-countable Noun: The nouns that cannot be counted are called
non-countable nouns.
Example: Water, sugar, oil, salt, etc. (you cannot say ―1 water, 2 water,
3 water‖ because water is not countable)
Structure Task!
1. Point out the nouns in the following sentences and say whether they are
common, proper, collective, material or abstract.
2. Find out some singular nouns from the exercise below then change it into
plural noun!
3. Find out some plural nouns from the exercise below then change it into
singular noun!
a. Always speak the truth. c. I have two children.

b. We all love honesty. d. The lion is the king of the beasts.
8
e. Solomon was the wisest of all n. I recognized his voice at once.
kings. o. You should never tell a lie.
f. Cleanliness is next to p. Wisdom is better than riches.
godliness. q. He is on the jury.
g. Birds of a feather flock r. Silver and gold are precious
together. metals.
h. Who teaches you grammar? s. Still waters run deep.
i. The Nile is the longest of all t. The cackling of geese saved
rivers. Rome.
j. A committee of six was u. Tubal Cain was a man of might.
appointed to assess the v. Old habits die hard.
situation. w. The early bird catches the
k. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first worm.
Prime Minister of India. x. It was Edison who invented the
l. The boy was rewarded for his phonograph.
honesty. y. You can‘t pump the ocean dry
m. He gave me an apple.
9
10
UNIT 2
A FAMOUS PEOPLE BIOGRAPHY
and answer the questions that follow. Browse the necessary
information.
Ibnu Al-Awam Benjamin Holt Cyrus Hall McCormick
1. Three of the scientists in the pictures above, who do you think is the
youngest and oldest?
2. Who is the most familiar inventor in term of agriculture to those three
people according to you?
3. What do they invent in term of agriculture, mention for each?
4. Explain little bit of their appearance?
5. Who is your favorite inventor among the three? Why do you think he is
so inspiring?
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A. READING
BENJAMIN HOLT
Born : January 1, 1849.

Concord, New Hampshire.
Died : December 5, 1920 (aged 71)
Stockton, California.
Nationality : American.
Known for : Patented and manufactured first workable tractor.
Occupation : President of Holt Manufacturing Company.
Benjamin Holt Biography, Life, Interesting Facts

It is quite skeptical that San Joaquin County in California was
known as the central seat of government. This was regarding proper
infrastructure, industrialization and most of all 1848 to 1849s Gold Rush.
But it was due to the re-cultivation of ample acidic and boggy like soil that
turned the San Joaquin Delta into an irrigated land. The outcome allocated
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the freeway for expensive machinery that eminent masterminds and tycoons
like Benjamin Holt and Robert G. Le Tourneau filled with pride.
Childhood and Early life

Paul Revere shared the same date of birth and month with Benjamin
Lorey Holt who was born on January 1; 1849. Benjamin spent his childhood
days in his motherland in Concord, California. He was a native of the
quarries and The Granite State in New Hampshire. His mother was called
Harriet Parker Holt while his father William K. was a resounding
businessman. The local schools from his neighborhood accommodated his
early and late education. He attended Tilton, N.H where he later joined New
London Institution.
In 1868 Benjamin Holt teamed up with his brother, Harrison where
they established the manufacturing company of hubs and wagon spokes. He
also created his own industrial company in Concord that significantly added
more output in the manufacture of running gears and wheels. Here he
resumed his business for a decade. He managed to build-up promising trade
as well as becoming a famous commercial dealer.
Later Life
From 1849 to 1920 Benjamin Holt became the president of his own
company, Holt Manufacturing Company of Stockton. His work was
credited far and beyond since he designed quality products of Caterpillar.
His three brothers followed him where they launched their family business
in San Francisco. A Stockton Wheel Company was formed in 1883. Here
they dealt with wooden wagon wheels as well as manufacturing the steam
traction engines.
13
For the reputation of his business, Benjamin Holt opted to do a
Caterpillar test near his company in 1904. Luckily the Caterpillar penetrated
through the thick soils where it came to be used in a road building and
agricultural purposes. For durability, Benjamin had to change the design of
the traction engine. Luckily the machine worked as expected all winter.
Early in 1906, the Holt Company managed to sell his first track-
type traction engine (Caterpillar). In the mid of the same year, Holt
partnered with his nephew, Pliny Holt where they produced the first
gasoline-powered caterpillar. His company formed a statutory corporation
with the Aurora Engine Company. In two years‘ time, Holt‘s company had
already sold thousands of Caterpillars as compared to the wheeled steam
traction engines.
Personal Life
In 1890 Benjamin Holt married Miss Anna Brown, a miner. The
couple was blessed with five children. While death was not meant to be
celebrated but Benjamin‘s end knocked on December 5, 1920.The entire
community was shocked by the sudden news. The brainpower of the great-
great inventor was still bright and lively to the latter. Even though death
came to close his eyes, he will forever be remembered as an industrious
and diligent entrepreneur.
B. VOCABULARY
Cultivation : The action of cultivating land, or the state of being
cultivated.
Soil : A mixture of broken rocks and minerals, living
organisms, and decaying organic matter called humus.
14
Irrigated land : Agricultural areas purposely provided with water,
including land irrigated by controlled flooding.
Machinery : Subsector of the industry that produces and maintains
machines for consumers.
Manufacturing : The processing of raw materials or parts into finished
goods through the use of tools, human labor,
machinery, and chemical.
Drive Wheel : A wheel of a motor vehicle that transmits to the road,
causing the vehicle to move.
Caterpillar : A fuzzy, worm-like insect that transforms into a
butterfly or a moth.
Traction Engine : Used to move heavy loads on roads, plough ground or
to provide power at a chosen location.
HOW TO WRITE AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY
An autobiography is a written account of the life of a person

or biography written by that person. Every person can write his/her
own autobiography. In case you want to write your autobiography,
you need to pay attention to some points. A short autobiography
should provide some information regarding personal background
and accomplishment, you can help someone knows about you in
brief.
15
Name
Place / Origin
My name is ……
I come from ……
I am ……
I Live in ……
My nickname is .…
I settle in ………….
Hobby / Interest
Occupation
My hobby is ……
I work as ……
I am interested in ….
I graduated from …
I love doing ………….
I major in ….
Have a closer look at the following example of a short autobiography

Name : Cyrus McCormick.
Place and
Date of birth : Virginia, America 15
February 1809.
Nationality : American.
Died : 13 Mat 1884.
Occupation : inventor and businessman who
founded the McCormick
Harvesting Machine Company.
Hobby / Interest: Manufacturing, marketing, and
selling his market product.
16
The information above can be elaborated as a short autobiography as
follows:
CYRUS MCCORMICK
McCormick, Cyrus Hall (15 February 1809–13 May 1884), inventor
and businessman, was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, the son of
Robert McCormick, an inventor and farmer, and Mary Ann Hall. As a
youth, McCormick received very little formal schooling.
He spent many hours in the workshop of his father, who invented a
clover huller, blacksmith‘s bellows, a hydraulic power machine, and other
labor-saving devices. For twenty years McCormick‘s father tried to build a
reaping machine, but like many other inventors, he was unsuccessful.
In 1831, at the age of twenty-two, McCormick constructed a reaper,
based on principles completely different from those used by his father.
Although crude in design, this machine employed the features basic to all
subsequent reapers. After several public trials of his new machine,
McCormick took out a patent on it in 1834. For the next few years,
however, he was primarily preoccupied with the family iron works. But
when the panic of 1837 crippled the business and brought significant debts.
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Reading Task:
1. Find out the personal information in the form below correctly.
Biography
Syahrul Yasin Limpo
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
…………………………………………….
2. Complete the form below with your personal information then write
your own autobiography.
Name : …………………………………………….
Place and Date of Birth : …………………………………………….
Address : …………………………………………….
Hobby : …………………………………………….
University : …………………………………………….
Major : …………………………………………….
Motto : …………………………………………….
Vision and Mission : …………………………………………….
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My Autobiography
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
C. SPEAKING
………………………………………………………………………
SELF-INTRODUCTION
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………..
Self-introduction is used when you want to cope with new
environment where you do not get along with new people. By introducing
yourself to other people, it means that you try to get along with new friends.
Here are some expressions used to introduce you:
Hello
My name is Laura Hello
I come from America My name is David
I live in New York I come from Indonesia
I study agriculture I live in Malang
I study electrical engineering
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D. STRUCTURE
1. ADJECTIVE
Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making
your writing and speaking much more specific, and a whole lot more
interesting. Words like small, blue, and sharp are descriptive, and they are
all examples of adjectives. Because adjectives are used to identify or
quantify individual people and unique things, they are usually positioned
before the noun or pronoun that they modify.
Kinds Of Adjectives
a. Descriptive Adjectives
Among the different kinds of adjectives, descriptive adjectives are
probably the most common ones. They simply say something about the
quality or the kind of the noun or pronoun they‘re referring to.
Examples:
 Erika is witty.
 She is tired.
 Adrian‘s reflexes are amazing.
b. Adjectives of Number or Adjectives of Quantity
As the name suggests, this kind of adjective answers the question, ―How
many?‖ or ―How much?‖
Examples:
 Twenty-one students failed the exam.
 The plants need more water.
c. Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives point out pronouns and nouns, and always
come before the words they are referring to.
20
Examples:
 I used to buy this kind of shirts.
 When the old man tripped over that wire, he dropped a whole bag of
groceries.
d. Possessive Adjectives
Obviously, this kind of adjectives shows ownership or possession. Aside
from that, possessive adjectives always come before the noun.
Examples:
 I can‘t answer my seatwork because I don‘t have a calculator.
 Trisha sold his dog.
e. Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative adjectives ask questions and are always followed by a noun.
Examples:
 What movie are you watching?
 Which plants should be placed over here?
Structure Task!
1. Put the suitable attribute adjectives in brackets in the correct
position!
Example: a field (wide)
A wide field
1. Farmer (old, expensive) 4. Village (small, angry)
2. Field (wide, dangerous) 5. Day (sunny, long)
3. Buffalo (fat, cheap)
Fill the blanks with your suitable attributive and predicative adjective!
1. The farmer is plugging his ……….. field.
2. Rice grow in …………… soil.
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3. How many diggers do you have? I have …………. diggers.
4. There are ………….. birds eating rice in the field.
5. The …………….. season is good for plants.
2. ADVERB
An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several
types of words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or
any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners and
adjectives, that directly modify nouns. Adverbs can be adverb of place,
time, manner, frequency. These are also adverbs: so, very, almost, soon,
rather, too. Many descriptive adjectives can be changed to adverbs by
adding-ly (adverb of manner) to the adjective based, except: good, well, and
hard.
An adverb of manner will explain how an action is carried out. Very
often adverbs of manner are adjectives with -ly added to the end, but this is
certainly not always the case. In fact, some adverbs of manner will have the
same spelling as the adjective form. Some examples of adverbs of manner
include: slowly, rapidly, diligently, gently, warmly, sweetly, etc.
Structure Task!
Complete the sentences with the best adverb. Not every adverb is
needed.
Slowly, carefully, beautifully, well, loudly, carelessly, easily, excitedly,
finally, suddenly, quickly, quietly.
1. Come here ____________. You have to see this!
2. We knew that she had got the job when we saw her _________ talking
on the phone.
22
3. He ______________ put the vase on the table. It fell to the floor.
4. Sharon is throwing a party on Saturday. She ___________ finished her
PhD.
5. Let's walk ________________. I don't want to be the first one at the
meeting.
6. Alex _____________ put up the bookshelves. It was too difficult for
me to do on my own.
7. Everything happened so ______________. We had to move to
California in less than a month.
8. Why does he always have to talk so ____________. You can hear him
in the next room!
9. Although she speaks five languages, she did not do ___________ on
the translation exam.
10. I was so surprised. His new apartment was _____________ decorated.
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24
UNIT 3
PLANT PRODUCT
and answer the questions that follow.
1. What are some differences of those pictures?

2. What are some similarities of those pictures?
3. Mention some fruits of the picture for each?
4. What is your favorite fruit, why?
5. Mention two kinds of fruit and its‘ vitamin inside for each?
A. READING
WHAT FRUITS DO YOU LIKE?
Apples are a sweet fleshy fruit that grow around the world. Believed
to originate in Central Asia, there are now hundreds of varieties of apples,
ranging from sweet to sour. Nutritionally speaking, apples are a relatively
high-carbohydrate fruit and their most significant nutrient is vitamin C.
AVOCADO is an interesting fruit because they are very low in
carbohydrate yet high in healthy fats. The fruit originated in South America
25
and it was first referred to in English by the name of ―crocodile pear‖. One
of the best things about the avocado is just how adaptable it is.
However, there are many different ways to use avocados – such as
making guacamole, avocado ice-cream, chocolate mousses, and many other
interesting dishes.
BANANA is a tropical fruit with a long body covered in a yellow
skin. It‘s a very common fruit and—despite needing a hot climate—it‘s
available in most countries. Since bananas have a very sweet taste, dessert
recipes often use them. In particular, banana splits, banana milk, and banana
bread are some of the most popular options. Due to their accessibility and
inexpensive price, bananas are one of the most popular types of fruit in the
world.
GRAPES are one of the most prevalent types of fruit, and we can
find them almost everywhere. Grapes are very versatile too, and they form
the basis of many different wines, juices, jams, and dessert products. Not
many people know this, but grapes are botanically a kind of berry. Although
there are thousands of different grape varieties, they are typically classified
as white (green), red, purple, or black.
B. VOCABULARY
Fleshy : Resembling flesh in appearance or texture.
Sweet : A basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods
rich in sugars.
Sour : Having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar.
Guacamole : A spicy Mexican paste made from crushed avocado and
various seasonings
Prevalent : Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time
26
Versatile : Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or
activities
Reading Task 1
1. Write T of each statement and F after the number of each false statement
1. Apple is usually available in some countries. (T/F)
2. Commonly the taste of apple is sour. (T/F)
3. Apples relatively contain many nutrients of vitamin for body. (T/F)
4. Mostly avocado comes from England. (T/F)
5. Banana can grow in a low climate temperature. (T/F)
6. The sensation taste of banana is commonly gustatory. (T/F)
7. The cheap prise of bananas make it become the most popular
types of fruit in the world. (T/F)
8. Grape fruit is rarely in some countries because of its versatile. (T/F)
9. No yellowish colour of grape fruit. (T/F)
10. Another name of grape fruit is wine fruit (T/F)
2. Read the advertisement, then,

fill in the blank with correct
items
1. Available fruit
………………………………
………………………………
2. Available vegetable
………………………………
………………………………
3. Cereal product
………………………………
………………………………
4. Industrial crop product
………………………………
………………………………
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Vocabulary Task!
1. Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F)
1. .......... Harvest 4. Farmer‘s Market………
2. ...........Legume 5. Tuber .............................
3. ...........Melon 6. Cereal ...........................
a. A crop that grows underground. d. Crops that have been gathered.

b. A crop that produces grain. e. A type of large, sweet fruit.
c. A crop that has pods. f. A group of farmers selling crops.
2. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks
1. Harvest / Harvested
a. The farmer distribute the …………… to the biggest farm market in
the village.
b. Some fruits in our field are ready to be ………………..
2. Flesh / Fleshy
a. The ………………. Of Arum Manis mangoes are thicker than
other mangoes.
b. The texture of these fruits is ……………
3. Sweetness / Sweetly
a. Some will say ………….., some will say decently.
b. The……………… of the fruit is an important thing to consider.
4. Versatility / Versatile
a. The ……………. Select good seed can influence the result of
harvest.
b. This fertilizer is a …………… fertilizer.
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5. Classify / Classification
a. Farmers always …………fresh, mature and yellowish fruit to be sold.
b. There are ……………… between sweet and sour harvest product.
C. SPEAKING
HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?
CONVERSATION
A : Good morning. May I help you
madam?
B : Erm, … yes. I‘m looking for fruits.
A : How about this mango? It is very
sweet.
B : Is it expensive?
A : Oh no. it‘s quite cheap.
B : How much is it?
A : It is 2000/kg.
B : Ok. I‘ll take it.
Speaking Task! Note Payment

1. Role Play
1. What can I do for you?
Watermelon
How much does it cost.
$ 20.10
2. Do you need my help?
Avocado
How much?
$ 7.50
3. Can I give you a hand?
Banana
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How much should I pay?
$ 12.25
4. Is there something I can do for you?
Apple
What is the price
$ 15.30
2. Complete your product in the note payment!
D. STRUCTURE
PRONOUN
Study these sentences!
- She loves you so much.
- The man shares his advice.
- She lends her pen.
- You do it by yourself.
- The students‘ pen is the same.
Notice the following formula!

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESS. POSSESS REFLEXIVE
ADJ PRONOU
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself/Yourselves
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
She Her Her Hers Herself
He Him His His Himself
It It Its Its Itself
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Structure Task!
1. Pick out the correct form of the pronoun in the brackets!
1. (He/him) was tempted to let (she/her) do as (she/her) liked.
2. (she/her) pointed an accusing finger at (he/him) and said, ―don‘t let
(i/me) catch (you/it) doing that again.‖
3. So (they/them) see (she/her)?
4. ―It‘s (he/him)! (He/him) scored a goal again!‖ the crowd shouted.
5. Just between the two of (we/us), who do you think is more like to
win?
6. Father wants you, Stella and (me/I) in his room. (He/him) has
something to say to (we/us).
7. I wish it were (they/them) not (we/us) who had to go.
8. Surely that isn‘t (she/her) standing next to (he/him) in the photo!
9. I though (they/them) weren‘t on friendly terms with each other.
10. Let me call (I/my) sister right now.
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32
UNIT 4
SEEDS
1. What does the picture look like?

2. Where can you get it?
3. What are some differences for each?
4. What is the function of it?
5. Have you ever known term ―Gmynospermae‖ in term of seed?
A. READING
SEED SAVING METHODS FOR DIFFERENT PLANTS
In saving seed, we should pay attention o some methods, since the

seed of different plant has the different seed saving method. The following
explanation will show us the different ways of seed saving of beets, corn,
cucumber, and herb.
Beets are cared for in the same way as carrots. Select the beets that
are formed the best and show the least woodiness. Beets will cross with
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chard and sugar beets, producing worthless vegetables, so do not allow these
plants to seed at the same time.
Corn is an open-pollinated plant that loves to cross breed. Take the
necessary precautions and hand-pollinated ears intended for seed. Allow the
ears to ripen fully and remain on the stalk until the husks turn straw colored.
Husk corn and tie two ears together, hang in a dry place and allow drying
thoroughly. Seed can be left on the cob until shelled for planting the next
spring.
Cucumber. The earliest-maturing and well-formed, cucumbers
should be saved for seed. Allow them to remain on the vine until they are
ripe (yellow in color). Take them inside, scrape out the seed, ferment in
water day or two, and then spread them on paper to dry.
Herb. Most herbs are relatively easy to gather seeds. Since these
plants are the closest to weeds of all the plants we grow, they produce seeds
prodigiously. Annuals like basil will produce seed first season. When seed
heads are near the breaking-open point, pull up the herb and hang it inside.
A paper bag can be placed under the seed head so that as seeds fall they are
collected. Herb seeds are usually highly viable and true to their strain.
(Rinjani, Sukirno, Nuri, Andi, 1996)
B. VOCABULARY
Beets : Some varieties are grown for their leaves and some for
their large nutritious root.
Open-pollinated : The resulting seeds will produce plants roughly identical
to their parents.
Precautions : A measure taken in advance to prevent something
dangerous, unpleasant.
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Ripen : A process in fruits that causes them to become more
palatable.
Maturing : Having reached the most advanced stage in a process.
Fermentation : Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces
chemical changes in organic substrates through the
action of enzymes.
Herb : Plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used
for flavoring and garnishing food.
Prodigious : Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Pollinate : make fertile with pollen.
Cob : central part of an ear of maize on which the grain grow.
Weed : wild plant growing when it is not wanted.
Mulch : material used to form a covering over the soil, usually to
prevent evaporating of soil moisture.
Reading Task
1. Write T of each statement and F after the number of each false
statement.
1. It is good to seed the beet‘s and sugar beet‘s seeds together. (T/F)
2. Herb can produce few seed. (T/F)
3. Basil is a kind of herb. (T/F)
4. We should hang corn in moist place. (T/F)
5. Herb‘s seed can keep alive for long time. (T/F)

1. .......... Surviving 3. .......... .Annual 5........... .Annual
2. ...........Cross-bred 4. Worthless ………
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a. Hybrids are produced from different kinds of plant
b. We can pick the cucumber when it is yellow in colour
c. Herb seeds are usually highly viable
d. That hard sick vegetable is having no value
e. He grows plant that lives for one year
3. Make sentences by using these words of phrase

1. Viable 4. Sugar beet 7. Grain
2. Ferment 5. Cross-bred 8. Mulch
3. Precaution 6. Ripe 9. Cob
C. SPEAKING
Writing a personal agenda
An agenda is a list of things to do. It usually consists of various

matters that somebody needs to deal with at a specific time. Agenda is made
to make information manageable and easy to follow. An agenda should be
brief, but with comprehensive information.
An agenda should provide:

 Name, date, and location of the event.
 Specific time or day for activities.
Activities are written in phrases or
words, not sentences.
 Address for more information.
 Agenda could be formal (meeting,
workshop, seminar) or informal ( for
personal purpose).
36
Have a closer look on the following example of agenda
Read the following conversation carefully.

Mom : You are going to go to Bali to attend Climate Changing
International Conference this Wednesday, aren‘t you? Have you
prepared everything?
Ninda : ―I have. The flight is scheduled at 8.25. I will leave for the
airport at 7.00 because, you know, the traffic is very
unpredictable. I don‘t want to miss the flight only because the
traffic jam‖.
Mom : ― What about the hotel?‖
Ninda : The committee has booked the hotel for the participants. We are
supposed to arrive at Ngurah Rai Airport at 10.00.
37
Mom : ―And the conference?‖
Ninda : ―The conference will be started at 1.15 PM.‖
Mom : ‗Where is it?‖
Ninda : ―The Plaze Hotel, Mom. The same hotel as we stay.‖
Mom : That‘s good. How long will the conference be held?
Ninda : For about one and half hours, Mom. And at night we are going
to have a dinner and casual discussion with WHO
representatives at Four Season. The dinner starts at around 8.00
until midnight. I‘m so looking forward for it.
Mom : I see. And when will you leave for Malang?
Ninda : We check out at 8.00 in the morning on Thursday. The plane
boards at 9.00.
Mom : Alright then. Take a good care there, sweetheart.
Ninda : For sure I will.
Speaking Task!
1. Complete the following personal agenda based on the conversation
above then practice to the class.
Personal Agenda
Thursday May 11, 2014 – Friday May 12, 2014
Date/Day 7.00 ..... From home
Thursday May 11, 2014 ..... Boarding .....
..... Going to the hotel From airport
1.15-2.45 ..... .....
..... Dinner and casual discussion .....
8.00 ..... .....
Friday May 12, 2014 ..... ..... Airport
7.00 ..... From home
38
2. Plan an even for your agriculture program association and write its
agenda.
What a busy day!!
D. STRUCTURE
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the
simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it
happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it‘s sometimes called
present indefinite). The present tense locates an event or a situation in
present time. Here are some following purposes of simple present tense:
 to express habitual action e.g. Harry goes to church every Sunday.
 to express general truths e.g. Sun rises in East.
 to express strong feelings e.g. What a lovely day!
Verbs do not change their form in simple present tense.
39
First form of verb used with I, You and plural subjects and first form of verb
with s/es is used with singular subjects.
Does is used with singular subjects without s/es with the first form of verb
while do is used with I, You and plural subjects.
Sentences in the simple present tense are written using the rules:
Positive Form: Subject + Verb first form + Object
Examples:
He likes baseball.
I watch movie every week.
Ben swims very well.
Negative Form: Subject + do not/does not + Verb first form + Object
Examples:
He does not like baseball.
I do not watch movie every week.
Ben does not swim well.
Interrogative Form: Do/Does + Subject + Verb first form + Object + ?
Examples:
Does he like baseball?
Do I watch movie every week?
Does Ben swim well?
Note:
 In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
 Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the
auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of the verb.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want
vanilla.
40
 Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
 Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
Structure Task!
1. Change the verb into correct form.
1. Michel …………………. (not run) fast.
2. Sarah ……………. (say) this all the time.
3. Barra …………….. (wash) the dishes, and Leo washes the floor.
4. You …………………. (not hurt).
5. The girl always …………… (push) somebody.
6. We ……………….. (not give up).
7. Car ……………. (have) wheels.
8. ……………… (William work) too hard?
9. ………………. (you bake) cakes?
10. …………… (she rest) enough?
2. Change the verb into correct form.

1. Susi …………. (create) a new invention in her work environment.
2. The dancer …………… (modify) the creation of the new song.
3. Sarah ……………. (not carry) a big box to the room.
4. ……………. (he translate) the English language to Indonesian.
5. The actor ………….. (say) important good news to the audiences.
41
42
UNIT 5
SOIL
Before reading the text, have a look at the picture below to describe and
answer the questions that follow.

2. What are some differences for each?
3. Do you think four of those soils are best for planting or which one is the
best for it?
4. What are the characteristics of good soil?
5. In what area do you find each of those soils?
A. READING
THE KEY COMPONENTS OF HEALTY SOIL STRUCTURE
43
Some gardeners are lucky
enough to have nearly perfect soil,
but for most of us, that‘s no case.
Understanding the components of
healthy soil structure can help you
manage the environment at your
feet, and put on a good show. Soil
composition: soils are comprised of
weathered rock and minerals,
organic matter, organisms, water, and air. All of these components are
crucial for healthy plant grow.
Mineral Soil: Minerals are the structure of our metaphorical soil
apartments and provides the playground for materials to move. Mineral soil
is composed of sand, silt and clay particles. It‘s what forms the texture of
the soil.
Organisms: These are the dwellers of our happy soil apartment
homes. These are the friendly organisms such as worms, insects, bacteria,
fungi and nematodes that help add nutrients to your soil. They facilitate
getting nutrients to the plants and also create air pockets in the soil.
Organic Matter: Organic matter is like snack packs scattered
throughout the soil apartments, especially in the top layers. Specifically,
organic matter is decomposed organic material such as leaves, wood chips,
food scraps, grass clippings, and other vegetative matter. Organic matter is
basically the food for microorganisms and other forms of soil life. Food is
important; make sure to feed your gardens with organic matter to give them
an extra boost!
44
Water & Air: Finally, the components we rarely consider yet are
absolutely essential for soil health: air and water. It‘s the ductwork and
plumbing that gets everything flowing. Healthy soil is about 25 percent air
and 25 percent water. This is needed for organisms to survive.
B. VOCABULARY
Weathered rock : The process of weakening and breaking down of rocks and
minerals.
Metaphorical : Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative.
Clay : Fine-grained, sticky stone earth material that occurs
naturally.
Ripen : A process in fruits that causes them to become more
palatable.
Dwellers : A person or animal that lives in or at a specified place.
Scattered : Occurring or found at intervals or various locations rather
than all together.
Decomposed : The process by which organic substances are broken down
into simpler organic matter.
Plumbing : Any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of
applications.
Reading Task!
statement.
1. Mineral soil is the most component inside of the soil. (T/F)
2. Organism is not really necessary component in the soil. (T/F)
3. Clay, silt and sand particle are composed in mineral soil. (T/F)
45
4. Worms, insects, bacteria, fungi and nematodes are the
organism that help add nutrients to the soil. (T/F)
5. Material such as leaves, wood chips, food scraps, grass
clippings are the specification of organic matter. (T/F)
6. Healthy soil cannot survive when it is consist of less 25
percent air and 25 percent water. (T/F)

1. .......... Aeration 4. Humus ............
2. ...........Clay 5. Soil structure .............
3. .......... .Loam
a. Some ..................... hold more water than others.

b. Crops don‘t grow well in pure ..................... soil.
c. Use ....................... to add nutrients to soil.
d. ..................... provides roots with air.
e. ........................... is a mix of three soil types.
3. Connect these words with its meaning

1. .......... Soil 4. Dense ............
2. ...........Sand 5. Parents material .............
3. ...........Silt 6. Soil Texture ......................
a. A material made of small pieces of rock and mineral.

b. A material that is deposited by water.
c. Rock and mineral that eventually from soil.
d. A layer of material that plants grow in.
e. The size of particles in a soil.
f. Having a lot of material in a small space.
46
4. Make sentences by using these words or phrase
1. Texture :
2. Plant :
3. Organism :
4. Fertile soil :
5. Plant grow :
6. Composed :
7. Perfect soil :
8. Component :
9. Flower :
10. Clay :
5. Answer these questions bravely!
Which type of soil, when wet will What is the main differences
clump and not fall apart easily? among sand, silk, and clay?
a. Clay a. Color of grabs
b. Sand b. Uses of soil
c. Silt c. Size of grains
d. loam d. Amount of soil
Which type of soil has grain that What part of soil is made up of
you can see with your eyes? broken-down pieces of broken
a. Clay plants?
b. Sand a. Clay
c. Loam b. Sand
d. Salt ay c. Loam
e. Sand
f. Loam
g. Salt
47
6. Complete these pictures according to the correct type of soil given!
Types of Soils
 Eight major types according to Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR)
 Alluvial Soils  Desert Soils
 Black Soils  Mountain Soils
 Red Soils  Saline and Alkaline Soils
 Laterite Soils  Peaty and Marshy Soils
........................................................... .....................................................
.......................................................... .......................................................
48
......................................................... ......................................................
........................................................ .......................................................
49
C. SPEAKING
TELLING A PLAN
Next Sunday I’m going to visit my grandparent in Jogjakarta

with my siblings, they are Diandra and Asiyfa. We will take a long
holiday and enjoy some beautiful places there. In addition we are
going to take a note about some histories place such as Borobudur
and Prambanan Temples. We will ask some tour guides about
anything related to the Temples. Then, we are going to taste some
traditional food from Java.
On Saturday night later, father will treat us to the most

beautiful restaurant in our city. We are really happy and wait exactly
the time. Besides, we are going to have some pictures to save that
moment. Father also promises to us that he will give us joyful toys as
the present for us.
Simple future is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event

that has not yet begun. Simple future is also used to make a prediction or to
show ability, intention, or determination. It is expressed by placing the
helping verb will or shall or tobe going to in front of the base form of a
verb. Will is used for the situation that is unplanned or informal writing,
where going to is used for the situation is planed.
50
Simple Future Tense
Form1: will/shall + verb 1 Form1: is/am/are + going to + verb 1

Examples: Examples:
I willFtake a long holiday I am going to visit my grandfather
I will ask some tour guides We are going to taste some traditional food
Father will treat us We are going to have some pictures
He will give us joyful
Speaking Task!
1. Make a plan to visit one of the places below. Tell your agenda with
the time and activity.
Museum of Tanah Pertanian Bogor Oil palm plantations in Riau

.......................................................... ..............................................................
.......................................................... ..............................................................
.......................................................... ..............................................................
.......................................................... ..............................................................
51
2. Tell your plant related to the following situations.
Books and Articles to read

on long holiday
Get bachelor, master and

doctoral degree
Get job
D. STRUCTURE
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
This verb tense is used to express an action that will take place in the
future. It's generally reserved for something that will begin and end in the
future. It's a statement of fact, made with certainty.
52
The formula for the future simple is will + V(Base form).
Positive Sentence Question form
S + will + V(Base form) + object Will + S + V(Base form) +…?
S + will + Be (Non-Verb) Will + S + Be + (Non-Verb)?
Example: Example:
I will go to Thailand. Will you go to Thailand?
I will be smart students Will you be smart student?
Negative Sentence
S + will not/won‘t + V(Base form) + object
S + will not be + (Non-Verb)
Example:
I will not go to Thailand.
I will not be smart students
Structure Task!
1. Order these sentences become correct sentence!
1. To improve-he-work-skill-communication-will-his.
2. Tomorrow-she-go-will-the-to-marker.
3. Buy-John-will-cake-a.
4. You-for-a-I-book-shall-buy?
5. French-He-learn-will-to-speak-how.
2. Complete negative and interrogative sentence below!

1. I shall book a room for you (+)
2. She will be 10 years old next week (+)
3. I will travel around the world on next holiday (+)
53
4. He will marry his girl friend soon (+)
5. They will go to the beach on the weekend (+)
54
UNIT 6
PLANT GROW
CYCLE OF PLANT GROW

2. What are some differences of sprout and seedling?
3. Mention some parts of plant that you know?
4. How do plant change as they grow?
A. READING
PARTS OF PLANT
55
Bud: Bud is small leaves or flowers start to grow, beside bud is a
small pointed lump that appears on a tree or plant and develops into a leaf
or flower. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots, or
may have the potential for general shoot development. When a tree or plant
is budding, buds are appearing on it or are beginning to open.
Leaf: leaf is an above-ground plant organ and it is green. Its main
functions are photosynthesis and gas exchange. A leaf is often flat, so it
absorbs the most light, and thin, so that the sunlight can get to the
chloroplasts in the cells. Most leaves have stomata, which open and close.
Steam: Stem of a plant is one of two structural parts of a vascular
plant (a plant that has tissues for moving water and nutrients), the other
being the root. The stem is the part above ground which provides support
for leaves and buds. It's like the major highway of a plant, and it's vital for
plant life. The steam function is to hold the plant upright. It also carries
water, minerals and food between the roots and the leaves and flowers.
Root: root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface
of the soil. Roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the
ground or especially above water.
B. VOCABULARY
Photosynthesis : Green leaves prepare food for plants by using water and
carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight.
Transpiration : Other than photosynthesis, leaves play a crucial role in
the removal of excess of water from plants through tiny
pores called stomata.
Grow : To get bigger.
56
Light : A special kind of energy. Light helps us to see and it
also helps plants to grow.
Oxygen : A molecule in the air that helps us breathes.
Planting : A living thing that usually has leaves stems and roots.
Water : A clear liquid made of hydrogen and oxygen.
Seedling : A baby plant, also called a sprout.
Seed : A living organism that can make a plant.
Reading Task!
statement.
1. The cuticle serves to protect and reduce water loss from
the plant. (T/F)
2. Root is the underground part of the plant. (T/F)
3. Grass has tap root (T/F)
4. Root help in soil conservation. (T/F)
5. Plant of cactus grows in water. (T/F)
6. Evergreen trees are found on hilly areas (T/F)
2. Match the words (1-4) with the definitions (a-d)

1. .......... Photosynthesis 3. Stalk ................
2. ........... Branch 4. Quinoa .............
a. A narrow part that supports leaves.

b. A chemical process that produces energy.
c. A limb of plant.
d. A strong plant that is grown for its seeds.
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3. Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word
bank.
1. .......... Roots 4. Leaves ............
2. ...........Grow Chart 5. Buds .............
3. ...........Seed head 6. Flowering ............
a. Those .................... will grow into flowers.

b. A plants absorb nutrients from the soil with their ...................
c. Photosynthesis occurs in the ........................ of a plant.
d. Tom keeps a detailed ......................... of his crops to test how effective
his fertilizers are.
e. ....................... plants usually produce colourful blooms in the spring .
f. The ............................... of quinoa plant contains the protect-rich
harvest.

1. Root :
2. Flower :
3. Stem :
4. Fruit :
5. Leaf :
6. Seed :
5. Draw a line from each plant part to the task that it does for the
plant!
1. Holds the plant up
Flower
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2. Makes a new plant
Leaves
3. Helps to make food for the plant

Roots
4. Soaks up water from the soil

Seeds
5. Makes pollen and seeds

Stem
Vocabulary Task!
1. Complete the paragraph with the suitable vocabulary.
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2. Label the parts of the plant below!
C. SPEAKING
WHAT’S MY MOTHER’S DAILY ROUTINE?
Every morning my mother prepares

breakfast for our family. She cooks the side
dish or breakfast for us deliciously. Mother
always wakes up early in the morning
exactly at 04.00 am. She takes Tahjud and
Subuh prayer at 04.10 until 04.50. Then,
exactly at 05.00 o‘clock my mother starts
to cooks and prepares our school uniform.
At 06.30 my father and I star to go for our
activities. After that my mother continuous
for her works to office. Mother goes to
office at 07.30 until 12.00.
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When you tell the time in English, the hours always come first. If
you look at the clock and see that it is 3:00 p.m., then you can say ―It is
three‖ or ―The time is three o'clock.‖ It is that simple! Remember that when
you are talking about just the hour, and no minutes, then you will often use
―o'clock‖. There are two common ways of telling the time.
Formal
Say the hours first and then the minutes.
Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five
For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as oh.
Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six
Informal
Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding
hour for minutes 01 through 30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for
minutes 31 through 59.
Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven
Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to
Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past
Example: 5:30 - half past five
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Watch
Note
Use o'clock only at the full hour.
Example: 7:00 - seven o'clock (but 7:10 - ten past seven)
In English ordinary speech, the twelve-hour clock is used.
Beispiel: 17:20 - twenty past five
For times around midnight or midday you can use the expressions midnight
or midday / noon instead of the number 12.
Beispiel: 00:00 - midnight
Beispiel: 12:00 - midday or noon
A time before 12 o'clock noon or after, you can use in the morning,
in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. Use in the morning before 12
o'clock noon, after 12 o'clock noon use in the afternoon. When the time
changes from afternoon to evening, from evening to night and from night to
morning depends on your sense of time.
Example: 3:15 - a quarter past three in the morning OR a quarter past
three at night
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Formal expressions indicates whether a time is before noon or after
are a.m. (also: am - ante meridiem, before noon) and p.m. (also: pm - post
meridiem, after noon). Use these expressions only with the formal way of
telling the time.
Example: 3:15 - three fifteen a.m.
It is not usual to use a.m. and p.m. with past/to.
Example: 3:15 - fifteen minutes past three OR a quarter past three
American English
Beside past Americans often use after.
Example: 06:10 - ten past/after six
But: in time expressions with half past it is not usual to replace past by
after.
Beside to Americans often use before, of or till.
Example: 05:50 - ten to/before/of/till six
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Here is the example:
He usually wakes up at four thirty. He has a shower at quarter to
five. He always has breakfast at seven thirty. He often leaves home at a half
past eight. He arrives at work at 8:00 o‘clock. He usually has lunch at 12
o‘clock. He sometimes leaves work at six past thirty. He often has dinner at
8 o‘clock. He usually watches TV at thirty minutes to nine. He always goes
to sleep at quarter past nine.
Speaking Task!
1. Make the daily routine by matching the word with the correct
picture number:
Write down the sentences with the
time based on the following picture
1. ……………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………
4. ……………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………
7. ……………………………………………
8. ……………………………………………
9. ……………………………………………
10. ……………………………………………
11. ……………………………………………
12. ……………………………………………
13. ……………………………………………
14. ……………………………………………
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2. Rewrite a story below based on the picture then tell to your friends
in the class!
A DAY OF MY FAMILY
D. STRUCTURE
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past (also called past simple, past indefinite) is a verb
tense which is used to show that a completed action took place at a specific
time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past
habits and generalizations. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and
simple past exercises.
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Simple Past Forms
The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many
verbs with irregular past forms. Questions are made with did and negative
forms are made with did not.
Formula:
(+) S + V2 + Non-verb / S + was/were + Non-verb
(-) S + Did not + V1/ S + was/were + Not + Non-verb
(?) Did + S + V1?/ was/were + S + Non-verb?
Examples:
 I saw a movie yesterday.
 I didn't see a play yesterday.
 Last year, I traveled to Japan.
 Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
 Did you have dinner last night?
 She washed her car.
 He didn't wash his car.
Structure Task!
1. Complete the sentence with correct verb form
1. You …… (be) at station.
2. I …….. (go) to bed early yesterday.
3. George ……….. (come) home very late last night.
4. I …….. (forget) my wallet.
5. He …….. (have) a dog last year.
6. Last year I ………… (travel) to Germany.
7. Two boys ………. (play) with a ball.
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8. An old lady ……… (walk) with her cat.
9. A nurse ……… (buy) a little girl baby to the park.
10. An old man ……….. (sit) down and read his book.
11. You …………. (be not) handsome last year.
12. ………….. (be) they on time this morning?
13. We ………….. (be) happy on our last party.
14. ………….. you (give) me a serious information just now.
15. The teacher …………… (be) a smart teacher on last competition.
2. Change the sentences above into negative and interrogative sentence.
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68
UNIT 7
WATER
1. Can water make your plants fertile?

2. If your plants need water, what if the water given exceeds the limit?
What will happen to your plants?
3. Can giving a lot of water to rice reduce the number of pests?
4. What can you do with chili if there is a shortage of water at this time?
5. If there is excess water in your fields, what do you do?
69
A. READING
THE WATER CRISIS
Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world‘s fresh

water, so improvements in irrigation can make the greatest
impact. At present, average efficiency in the use of irrigated
water in agriculture may be as low as 50%. Simple changes
could improve the rate substantially, though it is unrealistic
to expect very high levels of water-use efficiency in many
developing countries, faced as they are with a chronic lack
of capital and a largely untrained rural workforce.
After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of

water and, in terms of value added per litre used, is sixty times
more productive than agriculture. However, some industrial
processes use vast amounts of water. For example, production of 1
kg of aluminium might require 1,500 litres of water. Paper
production too is often very water-intensive. Though new
processes have greatly reduced consumption, there is still plenty of
room for big savings in industrial uses of water.
B. VOCABULARY
Irrigation : The supply of water to land or crops to help growth,
typically by means of channels.
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Efficiency : The state or quality of being efficient.
Substantially : To a great or significant extent.
Rural : In, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather
than the town.
Workforce : The people engaged in or available for work, either in a
country or area or in a particular company or industry.
Arid : Land or a climate having little or no rain; too dry or barren
to support vegetation.
Drought : A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to
a shortage of water.
Water Circle : The continuous movement of water.
Rainfall : The amount of rain that falls in a place during a particular
period.
Reading Task!
statement.
1. World‘s fresh water is consumed water less than 70% for (T/F)
agriculture.
2. The greatest impact of agriculture is based on the development (T/F)
of agriculture.
3. The crisis of water always happened in the town area. (T/F)
4. Agriculture is the second biggest user of water. (T/F)
5. Agriculture used sixty times less productive than (T/F)
industries.
6. Production of 3 kg of aluminum might require 4.500 liters (T/F)
of water.
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2. Match the words (1-4) with the definitions (a-d)
1. .......... Water cycle 3. Arid ............
2. ...........Drought 4. Irrigate .............
a. To guide water to plants.

b. Receiving little rainfall.
c. The pattern of water moving and changing from.
d. To guide water of plants.
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word
bank.
1. .......... Ditch 4. Shortage ............
2. ...........Groundwater 5. Rainfall .............
3. ...........Rain-fed 6. Drought-resistant……
a. Irrigate the crops by digging a ...................

b. Areas with a lot of ................... area ideal for farming.
c. With so much ...................., Dawn didn‘t have to water her plants.
d. Many crops died due to the water ....................
e. Deborah prefers ................. crops since she lives in an arid region.
f. Andrew doesn‘t irrigate his crops are .......................

1. Drought :
2. Arid :
3. Water cycle :
4. Rainfall :
5. irrigate :
6. Crop :
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Vocabulary Task!
1. Draw a line to the definition!
a. A change of phrase from a liquid to a gas.

Evaporation
b. The process by which surface water enters the soil.

Transpiration
c. The loss of water from plants and vegetation.

Condensation
d. Achange of state from a gass to a liquid.

Precipitation
e. The name given to condented water vopour falling from the sky most
occurs as rain, snow or hail.
Infiltration
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2. Arrange the order number in the process of water exist!
3. Categorize these following illustrations of water crisis to the sides of

causes, consequences, or solutions!
74
C. SPEAKING
DESCRIBING APPEARANCE OF PEOPLE
Appearance is what someone looks like on the outside. We describe

people‘s appearance all the time. For example, you might tell your friends
what your boss is like. You might tell your sister what that cute guy you saw
looks like. Even outside of everyday conversations, it‘s very useful to know
how to describe people. Descriptions are used a lot in books, in articles and
in other kinds of communication in English. Here‘s some useful vocabulary
for describing people and talking about physical appearance.
Age
An old person might be 65 years old and over. You‘re old (around
55, for example) you can be middle-aged. If you have children, they can be
young adult (20-25 years of age) or teenager. (13-19). There are other
words for younger children. For example, a toddler is around 1-3 years old,
while a baby is from 0-12 months old.
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Build
People are built in all shapes and sizes that are fat and overweight.
Some people are extremely overweight and are obese. Other people are
naturally slim, but others look has absolutely no fat on them and are thin, or
skinny.
Coloring
You can describe someone as English rose if they have fair hair and
fair skin. You can also be blonde, with a fair complexion.
Face
Faces, like build, vary a lot. Some people have oval faces – their
foreheads are much wider than their chins. Other people have heart-
shaped, square or round faces.
Hair
long, curly hair, short, straight hair, fine hair, wavy hair / between
straight and curly, losing your hair / going bald / when men start to lose
their hair, a receding hairline / when you lose your hair from your
forehead.
Speaking Task!
1. Categorize these vocabularies accordingly!
Blond Beautiful Small
Big Handsome Oval
Wrinkled Bald Ugly
Big Blue Thin lips
Long Straight Medium-height
Thick eyebrows Black Fat
Slim Brown Dark
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Moustache Full lipped Round
Pretty Fair Square
Curly Thin Long eyelashes
Bread Well-built
Sharp Wavy
No Face Body Mouth Nose Weight Hair Eyes
D. STRUCTURE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The present continuous (also called present progressive) is a verb
tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is happening now, either
at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous is
used:
 to describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the
Internet.
 to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a
trend: Are you still working for the same company?
 to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been
planned or prepared: We're going on holiday tomorrow.
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 to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums,
but he's playing bass guitar tonight.
 to describe and emphasise a continuing series of repeated actions:
Harry and Sally are always arguing!
Formula
 Positive Sentence:
o subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object
o Example : She is doing her homework now
 Negative Sentence:
o subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object
o Example : She is not doing her homework now
 Interogative Sentence:
o to be + subject + verb – ing + object
o Example : Is she doing her homework now?
Structure Task!
1. Change these sentences into negative and interrogative sentence!
a. The laborer is pushing the cart. f. John is writing an essay on
b. I am taking the examination education.
this month. g. Peter is running on the jogging
c. He is reading his favorite track.
book. h. The police are catching the
d. They are playing badminton thief.
right now. i. He is flattering the boss.
e. She is kneading the flour. j. He is spending the holidays in
Switzerland.
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UNIT 8
FEED AND NUTRIENT
1. What types of food do farm animals eat?

2. How does the feed affect animals‘ growth?
3. What are some animals on the picture above?
4. In your opinion, what do those animals eat?
5. Mentions which are animal types of carnivore, omnivore, and carnivore?
A. READING
THE NUTRITIONS
Nutrition is the very objective of feed; singularly, it is the most

important factor affecting livestock productivity and farm profitability. Feed
for production livestock is probably the most scientifically designed food
among all living beings, including humans.
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In terms of feed formulation, a gap always exists between the
nutrients formulated and the nutrients available to the animal; the latter
hinges on variables such as feed intake, gut environment, and assistance in
digestion and absorption. Even the best formulated feed can only provide
value to the animal if and when consumed. The changes to feed ingredients
or feed during storage and exposure to adverse environments often leave
colors and odors that are less palatable to livestock. Additionally, there are
similarly unpalatable components of the feed, such as minerals, vitamins,
and medicinal ingredients.
The optimal conditions inside the gut also are critical for improved
bioavailability of nutrients. The gut environment is regulated by a
combination of inter-dependent factors, such as gut acids and naturally
inhabiting micro flora. In addition, products such as digestive enzymes and
organic minerals that assist digestion and absorption are of great value to
enhancing the nutritional value of feed.
B. VOCABULARY
Feed : An act of giving food, especially to animals or a baby.
Livestock : Farm animals regarded as an asset..
Human : Someone that is related to or associated with people or
humanity.
Gap : A break or hole in an object or between two objects.
Poultry : Domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.
Digestion : The process of breaking down food by mechanical and
enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that
can be used by the body.
Palatable : Food or drink pleasant to taste.
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Nutritional : Process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for
health and growth.
Reading Task
statement.
a. Consumption is the other word of feed (T/F)
b. Feed for production livestock is probably the most scientifically
designed food for animal only (T/F)
c. Best formulated feed can provide value to the animal when
unconsumed. (T/F)
d. Palatable components of the feed are minerals, vitamins, and
medicinal (T/F)
e. Great value to enhancing the nutritional value of feed are
digestive enzymes and organic minerals (T/F)
2. Match the words (1-4) with the definitions (A-D)

1. .......... Nutrient 4. ............ Animal Nutritionist
2. ........... Feed 5. ............. Vitamin
3. ........... Poultry
a. An organic substance found in food that is essential for good health.

b. Food given to animal.
c. A person who make healthy food for animals.
d. Any organic or inorganic substance that provides nourishment.
e. Domesticated birds such as chickens and turkeys.
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3. Categorize some words below to suitable food types
Lamb, Chicken, Salt water fish, Prawns, Pork, Turkeys, Sea fish, Shrimps,
Carrot, Onion, Plumps, Peaches, Beef, Goose, Fresh water fish, Lobster,
Scallops, Broccoli, Spinach, Strawberries
a. Meat :
b. Poultry :
c. Fish :
d. Seafood :
e. Vegetables :
f. Fruit :
Vocabulary Task!
1. Dream job with animal, explain some jobs description below?
1. Marine Mammal Trainer.
Marine Mammal Trainer
2. Wildlife Rehabilitator.
Wildlife Rehabilitator
3. Veterinariant.
Veterinariant
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4. Movie Animal Trainer.
Movie Animal Trainer
5. Racehorce trainer.
Racehorce trainer
6. Veterinary Technician.
Veterinary Technician
C. SPEAKING
DIRECTION
Asking somebody for direction
a. Can toy please tell me how I can get to library?
b. Where is the nearest library?
c. How can I get to the library?
d. What is the best way to get the library?
e. Where is the library, can you tell me please?
Giving direction in conversation

Mr Bean : Please tell me how I get to your apartment?
Mrs Smith : Are you coming by car or by bus?
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Mr Bean : I am coming by car.
Mr Bean : Please could you tell me the easiest way of getting to
your apartment?
Mrs Smith : Take the M6 to Manchester and come of at junction 6.
Mr Bean : Manchester can you spell that for me.
Mrs Smith : M a n c h e s t e r.
Mr Bean : Thanks.
Mrs Smith : OK, then turn right at the roundabout and take the first left
my house is on the left next to the local food store.
Mr Bean : Is that the quickest way of getting to your apartment?
Mrs Smith : Yes, it is the quickest way by car.
Mr Bean : Would you draw me a map please I don't know the area.
Mrs Smith : Yes.
Mr Bean : Thanks.
Vocabularies of Direction
Direction Directions Directions Verbs Transitions
Signpost Shortcut Straight Go straight First
Walkway Zebra cross Left Turn left After that
Intersection Country road Right Turn right Then
Lane Shortcut Past Go past Next
Alley Zebra cross Sidewalk Go along Finally
Shortcut Intersection Corner Turn back
Zebra cross Lane Crossroad Go down
Traffic light Alley Junction Go over
Signpost Exit ramp t-junction Go through
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Speaking Task!
1. Understand map situation of the picture!
2. Make some conversations according to the beginning place below!

a. I‘m in the bank, how to get to the aquarium.
b. I‘m in the museum, where to go to the church.
c. I‘m in the public library, I want to go to the art gallery.
d. I‘m in the Italian restaurant, where is the nearest way to get to the
supermarket.
e. I‘m in the school, I want to go to the shopping centre.
85
3. Match the question to the right answer!
D. STRUCTURE
MODAL AUXILIARY
Modal verbs are a kind of auxiliary verb. They facilitate the main
verb for suggesting potential, expectation, permission, ability, possibility,
and obligation.
86
When used with the main verb, modal verbs do not end with -s for the third-
person singular. Modal auxiliary verbs never change form, but they have a
different form for past tense.
The modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should.
They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, and
so on. Below is a list showing the most useful modals and their most
common meanings:
Modal Meaning Example
Can to express ability I can speak a little Russian.
Can to request permission Can I open the window?
May to express possibility I may be home late.
May to request permission May I sit down, please?
Must to express obligation I must go now.
Must to express strong belief She must be over 90 years old.
Should to give advice You should stop smoking.
Would to request or offer Would you like a cup of tea?
Would in if-sentences If I were you, I would say sorry.
Structure Task!
1. Complete these sentences by using modal auxiliary correctly.
1. I …… run a mile in 8 minutes. (expresses a fact or possibility)
2. You ……. clean your plate before you have dessert. (expresses a
command)
3. I ………. go to the park after school today. (expresses a possibility)
4. It ………. be nice if a rainbow appeared. (expresses a wish)
5. Do you think it …….. rain today? (expresses a possibility or a wish)
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6. Grandma ………… arrive any minute! (expresses a possibility)
7. You ………… try some of this spaghetti. (expresses a statement of
opinion)
8. …….. you give me some money? (expresses a wish or possibility)
88
UNIT 9
HARVEST
1. What does the activity of the picture look like?

2. What are the categories of plant can be harvested?
3. Mention some seasoning plants with different harvest time?
4. What will happen when farmer take harvest plant early?
A. READING
THE HARVEST
The harvest is the operation of gathering the useful part or parts of
the plant. It is a voluntary intervention by people, carried out at the time
when all the nutrients have been developed and when the edible parts have
reached the degree of maturity appropriate to the treatments to follow.
89
In general, the harvest takes place 10 or 15 days after the grain has
reached physiological maturity. For the harvest to take place at the most
propitious time, account must be taken not only of the length of the growing
cycles (which differ according to the varieties), but also of the degree of
maturity of the grain. The harvest may, nevertheless, take place at a time
when, because of varying weather conditions and even though it has reached
physiological maturity, the grain has a moisture content higher or lower than
shown above.
Clearly, the higher the moisture contents of the grain at harvest time,
the greater the risks of losses from moulds, insects and germination. On the
other hand, the longer the grain remains in the field (to further the drying of
the product), the greater the risks of losses from spontaneous fall of grain or
from attacks by birds, rodents and other pests.
The following table shows the degrees of moisture content considered
appropriate for good harvest conditions and the characteristics
permitting assurance of physiological maturity.
GRAINS MOISTURE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Rice 22-28% The panicles bend with their own weight,

yellowed hulls, full grains, neither too
ripe (cracked), nor too green.
Maize 23-28% Cobs almost dry, hard and glassy kernels

resistant to scoring with the thumbnail,
black dot in the caryopsis.
Sorghum 20-25% Dried stems and leaves, hard grains

resistant to the thumbnail, glassiness
depending on variety.
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Beans 30-40% Pods ripe and yellow, shells dried, skins
of kernels easily detached.
Groundnuts 30-35% Leaves yellow, shells dried, skins of

kemels easily detached.
Sunflower 9-10% Upper leaves dry and flower faded.
B. VOCABULARY
Reap : Cut or gather (a crop or harvest).
Mature : Fully developed physically; full-grown.
Treatments : The manner in which someone behaves toward or deals
with someone or something.
Propitious : Giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable.
Grain : wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food.
Rodents : A gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice,
squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives,
distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no
canine teeth.
Drought : A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a
shortage of water.
Vocabulary Task!
1. Match some words with suitable synonym.
Handling of Favorable Rat Harvest Fully grown
a. Reap d. Propitious
b. Mature e. Rodents
c. Treatment
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2. Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (a-f)
1. .......... Reap 3. Chaff ............ 5. Tons............
2. ...........Mature 4. Harvest ............. 6. Bales ....
a. .............. the crops in six months.

b. Some plants take longer to ...............
c. This machine removes the unusable ................
d. There were many more ................. of hay this year.
e. How many ................... of wheat were harvested.
f. The annual ............. is nest month.
3. Read the harvest summary report. Then, mark the following

statements as true (T) or false (F).
1. .......... The crops all have the same package type.

2. .......... None of the crops were rained on.
3. .......... Field #2 produced the smallest amount of wheat.
4. .......... The harvest dates are different.
5. .......... The crop of hay consists of 0.6 tons in the round bale package.
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4. Arrange the order number of post harvest management steps!
Harvesting
Threshing …….. Reaping …….
Rice storage …… Paddy storage …..
Bagging …… Milling ……….
Drying…. Hauling ….. Marketing ….. Cleaning ..….
C. SPEAKING
TELEPHONING
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Telephone phrasal verbs
Cut off : to interrupt a telephone conversation.
Get through : to succeed in speaking to somebody on the telephone.
Hang on : to wait for a short time.
Hang up : to end a telephone conversation and put the phone down.
Call back : to telephone somebody again or in return.
Pick up : to answer a telephone call.
Put through : to connect by telephone.
Speak up : to speak louder.
Break up : to become inaudible over the telephone.
Hold on : to wait for a short time.
Speaking Task!
1. Complete the phrasal verbs in each sentence. Remember to
conjugate the verbs in the correct tense.
Put on Call back Dial out Get through Get back
Call Back Cut Hang Hold
1. Hotel operator, ―if you want to ………….. (make a call outside of the
hotel). You have to dial 9 first‖.
2. It‘s difficult to …………… (get a connection) to the customer
helpline in the mornings.
3. I‘m sorry, he‘s out right now. Can you …………… (phone again) at
about seven o‘clock?
4. I‘ll …………… to you with my response in a few days.
5. Dean, ― Hi Aunt Nancy. It‘s Dean. How‘s everything?‖
Aunt, ―Hi fine just thanks. Just a minute, I‘ll …………. (give the
phone to) your uncle ………….. so you can tell him all the news.‖
94
6. Nina : Hi Mrs. Smith. Can I speak to Chole again please? I
was speaking to her and we were …………… off.
Mrs. Smith : Yes, of course. Can you ……………. On for a minute
and I‘ll call her.
Chole : Hi Nina, I‘ve been meaning to …….. you …………,
but I couldn‘t find your number.
Nina : sorry, can you …………… up, I can‘t hear you.
Chole : Hello, are you still there? Hello? I think she just ……
up.
Nina : Wait! Please don‘t …………….. up!
Mrs. Smith : why don‘t you ... Nina ….. and invite her to your party.
2. Match the sentences 1-9 with the responses A-I

1. Could I speak to Diana Wong, please? a. G-I-N-S.
2. Can I take a message? b. My name is Phillip
3. I‘m afraid you‘ve got the wrong Nevill.
number. c. Yes, I‘m here all day.
4. Can she call you back? d. About 4 o‘clock.
5. Could you spell that, please? e. No thanks. I‘ll call back.
6. Would you like to hold the line? f. Speaking.
7. When are you expecting her back? g. Yes please. Tell her Tom
8. Who‘s calling? called.
9. I‘m sorry, the line is busy. h. That‘s OK. I‘ll hold.
i. Oh, no. Sorry.
95
3. Choose the best response!
1. I’d like to speak to Ms Chan, 4. Could you speak to Marta
please. Owen, please?
 Yes.  Who‘s calling?
 I‘m afraid she‘s not here at  Who are you?
the moment.  What‘s your name?
 Well. You can‘t.
2. Can I speak to Mr Ramirez, 5. Can you call back later?

please?  Yes, call me.
 Hold on, please.  Yes, please do.
 Don‘t go away.  Of course call, yes.
 All right.
3. Who’s speaking? 6. When will she be back?

 I‘m called Pierre Marcel.  One hour.
 My name‘s Pierre Marcel.  After one hour.
 Pierre Marcel is speaking.  In an hour‘s time.
4. Role play the situation in telephoning below!

Work with another student when you do this exercise. Agree whichof
you is Student A and which is Student B.
1. You are a colleague of Hannah Booth. You would like to ask Richard
Dawson for the homework and phone number of someone called
Kevin Kim in South Korea who he mentioned to Hannah Booth
before.
96
2. You are a colleague of Nick Sheridan. You would like to ask Mark
Wheeler about the price of buying new novel.
3. You are a colleague of Carla Parker. Carla has asked you to call
Richard Dawson as she would like some information about Hannah
Booth‘s novel. If he is unavailable, leave a message, and explain that
Carla would like the information urgently.
D. STRUCTURE
WH- QUESTIONS
1. Wh-questions of this type begin with a question word, such as who, what,
when, or where. The rest of the word-order pattern is the same as in yes /
no question: do, does, or some other auxiliary is placed before the
subject.
2. Who substitutes for a noun phrase which refers to a person (function as
subjects).
What substitutes for a noun phrase which refers to a thing (function as
object).
When substitutes for an adverbial which refers to time.
Where substitutes for an adverbial which refers to place.
3. Whose, why, which, and how can be as a subject or object.
Formula
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
Where do you work?
When does she wake up?
Who is your brother?
97
WH + BE + SUBJECT (Nominal Sentence)
Where are you from?
Who is that man?
When is your class?
Structure Task!
1. Change the sentences to questions with Wh-question such as what,
who, when, where, how, etc.
1. There are several kinds of pepper.

2. Shallots are a type of onion family.
3. Turmeric is the English equivalent of Curcuma domestica.
4. Herbal medicines are popular in Indonesia because Indonesian are
jamu-minded.
5. Now there are about one hundred jamu industries in Indonesia.
6. Indonesian farmers are now anxious to grow the rhizome plants.
7. The farmers increased their rice production in 1980.
8. The government introduced the national Bimas project in 1969.
9. The women are threshing paddy in front of the house.
10. The children are shelling peas.
2. Make question by using Wh-questions based on the words available,

and give the answer of your questions!
1. Which
2. Where
3. Why
4. When
5. What
98
UNIT 10
SELECTING AND STORING FRUITS

2. How can the fruits become rotten?
3. What happens with apple if it is stored?
4. What is the effect if vegetables are not kept in refrigerator?
5. Mention some categories in selecting good fruit and vegetables?
A. READING
Sellecting and Storing Fruits
Because of modern transportation and the popularity of fruits, a wide

variety is now available on the market all times of the year. For instance, to
have fruit cup containing grapefruit from Florida, banana from Central
America, and grape from California. Imported fruits are also available with
the name of the country in which they were grown. Therefore, it is
99
important to know when the particular fruits are available and how to
evaluate the quality.
APPLES. Apples should be well colored for the variety. Store
apples in a crisper of the refrigerator. When they are stored, it becomes
more mature and softer.
BANANAS. Banana that is greenish-yellow is selected for cooking
or for use within a few days, but for immediately consumption select
bananas that are yellow. Bananas can be stored in refrigerator to slow the
ripening process and it will preserve the quality of fresh longer than at room
temperature, although the skin will change the color to become black.
GRAPES. Grapes of each type are best when they are mature,
plump, fresh in appearance, and firmly attached to their stems. High quality
for the variety usually indicated good sugar content and flavor. Store grapes
unwashed and uncovered in the refrigerator.
B. VOCABULARY
Bruises : An indicator of cellular damage.
Firm : Having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure.
Crisper : A compartment at the bottom of a refrigerator.
Greenish : Having a green tinge; slightly green.
Moisture : Water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapour.
Flavor : The sensory impression of food or other substances, and is
determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and
smell.
Refrigerator : Machine for keeping things cold.
100
Reading Task!
1. Answer the question based on the text
1. What is the influence of transportation towards fruit market?
2. What happed with an apple if it is stored?
3. How are the good apples?
4. What is the effect when bananas are kept in refrigerator?
5. Do you have experience in stored fruit incorrectly?
2. Match some words with correct meaning.

Decide, Ripen, Salad, Bruises, Harvest, Moisture, Greenish
1. Vegetables.
2. Injury by a blow or knock the fruit.
3. Somewhat green.
4. Session for cutting and gathering in of grain of other food crop.
5. Make or become ripe.
6. Liquid in the form of vapor.
7. Separate, split or break up.
Vocabulary Task!
1. Match the word on the right which means the same as the word on
the left
1. Grape fruit a. Quality of being popular.
2. Popularity b. Fruit like an large orange with an acid taste.
3. Salad c. to be used; that may be obtained.
4. Berries d. cucumber, tomato, lettuce, (vegetables).
5. Mature e. which can be eaten by people or animal.
6. Store f. injure by blow/knock to the body/to a fruit.
7. Ship g. collect and keep for future use.
101
8. Bruises h. ripe with fully grown or developed.
9. Food i. put, take, send, in a ship.
10. Available j. small seed fruit.
2. Categorize these fruits in the correct column!

Apples Garlic Lettuce Pumpkins
Bananas Blueberries Lemon Spinach
Canteloupe Peppers Pomegranate Potatoes
Mangoes Strawberries Cauliflower Grapes
Honeydew Ginger Peas Avocado
Cucumber Broccoli Watermelon Herbs
Oranges Green Limes Pears
Blackberries Onion Beets Kiwi
Raspberries Grapefruit Leek Asparagus
Eggplant Pineapple Onion Peaches
Papayas Carrot Plums
Store Fruits and Vegetables Properly

Ripen on
Counter Dry Counter,
Refrigerator
top Place then
Refrigerate
Un washed in Unwashed in Store in
No
single layer plastic bag paper bag
1
2
102
C. SPEAKING
Family Tree
Different Generations Category

Masculine Feminine
Forefathers
Great-great grandfather Great-great grandmother
Great grandfather Great grandmother
Grandfather Grandmother
Father Mother
Son Daughter
Grandson Granddaughter
Great grandson Great granddaughter
Great-great grandson Great-great granddaughter
Descendents
Relatives and Extended Family

Grandparents : the parents of your parents.
103
Grandfather : the father of your father/mother.
Grandmother : the mother of your father/mother.
Grandchildren : the children of your children.
Grandson : the son of one of your children.
Granddaughter : the daughter of one of your children.
Great grandfather : the father of your grandfather/grandmother.
Great grandmother : the mother of your grandfather/grandmother.
Uncle : the brother (or brother-in-law) of your mother/father.
Aunt : the sister (or sister-in-law) of your mother/father.
Cousin : the child of your aunt/uncle.
Nephew : the male child of your brother/sister.
Niece : the female child of your brother/sister.
The In-Laws
The in-laws are the members of the family of your spouse (the person you
are married to) or via a marriage in your family:
Father-in-law : the father of your spouse.
Mother-in-law : the mother of your spouse.
Son-in-law : the husband of your daughter.
Daughter-in-law : the wife of your son.
Brother-in-law : the husband of your sister.
Sister-in-law : the wife of your brother.
The Family Mix

Nowadays in many countries a person can get married more than once.
These are the terms used to describe the "new" members of the family when
someone gets remarried.
104
"Step-" means that you are related as a result of one parent marrying again
Stepfather : the (new) husband of your mother but not your
biological father.
Stepmother : the (new) wife of your father but not your biological
mother.
Stepson : the son of your (new) husband / wife (he is not your
biological son).
Stepdaughter : the daughter of your (new) husband / wife (she is not
your biological daughter).
Stepsister : the daughter of your stepmother or stepfather.
Stepbrother : the son of your stepmother or stepfather.
Sometimes one of your parents gets married again and
they have more children.
Half-brother : the brother you have only one parent in common with.
Half-sister : the sister you only have one parent in common with.
Speaking Task!
1. Answer the question based on the family tree below:
105
1. Peter is Will‘s ………….
2. Amy is Kate‘s ………………..
3. …………… is ……………. ‗s grandmother.
4. ……………is ………………. ‗s father.
5. …………… is ……………… ‗s mother.
6. …………………………. (brother)
7. …………………………. (uncle)
8. …………………………. (sister)
2. Interview your friend with the questions below!

1. How many people are there in your family?
2. Tell me about the oldest person in your family?
3. Tell me about the youngest person in your family
4. How many aunts and uncle do you have? Where do they live?
5. How many cousins do you have? Where do they live?
6. Describe a fun family activity!
7. Will you always live with your parents? Why/Why not?
8. Who do you look like most in your family? How?
9. Who is the funniest person in your family?
10. What is the best way for families to be happy together?
3. Follow the instruction!

1. Cut out photos for your family members and stick them in the tree
(according to what is written). If you don‘t have photos you can draw.
2. Write three sentences about each photo.
a. Tell who is in the photo.
b. Tell about the name, age, activity, and hobby.
106
3. After you have finished your work, make sure that you are able to
explain in front of the class.
D. STRUCTURE
TAG QUESTION
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a question.
They are often used for checking information that we think we know is true.
Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb (for example: be or
have) and a subject pronoun (for example: I, you, she). Negative question
tags are usually contracted: It's warm today, isn't it (not 'is it not')
Usually if the main clause is positive, the question tag is negative,
and if the main clause is negative, it's positive. For example: It's cold
(positive), isn't it (negative)? And: It isn't cold (negative), is it (positive)?. If
the main clause has an auxiliary verb in it, you use the same verb in the tag
question. If there is no auxiliary verb (in the present simple and past simple)
use do / does / did (just like when you make a normal question).
Positive sentences, with negative tags
Present simple 'be' She's Italian, isn't she?
Present simple other verbs They live in London, don't they?
Present continuous We're working tomorrow, aren't we?
Past simple 'be' It was cold yesterday, wasn't it?
Past simple other verbs He went to the party last night, didn't he?
Past continuous We were waiting at the station, weren't we?
Present perfect They've been to Japan, haven't they?
Present perfect continuous She's been studying a lot recently, hasn't she?
Past perfect He had forgotten his wallet, hadn't he?
107
Past perfect continuous We'd been working, hadn't we?
Future simple She'll come at six, won't she?
Future continuous They'll be arriving soon, won't they?
Future perfect They'll have finished before nine, won't they?
Future perfect continuous She'll have been cooking all day, won't she?
Modals He can help, can't he?
Modals John must stay, mustn't he?
Negative sentences, with positive tags

Present simple 'be' We aren't late, are we?
Present simple other verbs She doesn't have any children, does she?
Present continuous The bus isn't coming, is it?
Past simple 'be' She wasn't at home yesterday, was she?
Past simple other verbs They didn't go out last Sunday, did they?
Past continuous You weren't sleeping, were you?
Present perfect She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she?
Present perfect continuous He hasn't been running in this weather, has he?
Past perfect We hadn't been to London before, had we?
Past perfect continuous You hadn't been sleeping, had you?
Future simple They won't be late, will they?
Future continuous He won't be studying tonight, will he?
Future perfect She won't have left work before six, will she?
Future perfect continuous He won't have been travelling all day, will he?
Modals She can't speak Arabic, can she?
108
Modals They mustn't come early, must they?
Structure Task!
1. Fill the sentence with correct tag question!
1. Father went to office late last day, ….?
2. he wasn‘t happy when he didn‘t came to her house, …?
3. They were learning Physics when we came last morning, …?
4. I can do this faster, …?
5. He could try again if he wanted to get more, …?
6. I will be happy if you bring me many chocolates, …?
7. Retna eats many fresh vegetables every night to her dinner, …?
8. They shouldn‘t play a lot if they want their task to be finished, …?
9. Mia and I wanted to shop together last Friday night, …?
10. He had many things to be sold, …?
11. She has done her task since 8 a.m, …?
12. We want to make friendship, …?
13. He canceled his vacation because of his business, …?
14. We will come if they had finished their task yet, …?
15. I have finished my report for 5 minutes, …?
16. My friend and I were in market when you came to my house, …?
17. She always keeps her attitude better, …?
18. He lost his money when he went to exhibition, …?
19. They didn‘t choose Leda as their leader, …?
20. I shouldn‘t have kissed him, …?
109
REFEENCES
Azhar, B.S, &, S.A. (2006). Basic English Grammar. 3 rd Edition. White
Plains, NY: Pearson Education Longman.
Azhar, B.S, &, S.A. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar. White
Azhar, B.S, &, S.A. (2003). Understanding and Using Grammar. White
Bob, P. (1984). Organic Vegetable Gardening. Tab Book Inc.
Bonavidi, R., Sukirno., Rahmiati, N., Ponco, A. (1996): Language Center.
UMM-Press. Malang.
Byrne, D., Cornelius, T, E. (1978). 30 Passage: Comprehension Practice for
High Intermediate and Advance Students. Longman. New York.
Education First. (2019). Jakarta in profile 2019. Retrieved from
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/englishstudy/latihan-soal-bahasa-
inggris-simple-present-tense.aspx.
Eflina, N. (2008). The Correlation Between Students’ Mastery of The Simple
Past Tense and Their Ability in Using It in Writing Diary. (Master‘s
thesis, University of Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia).
Retrieved from https://lib.unnes.ac.id/81/1/4939.pdf.
Ekarningsih, N. (2017). Enhansing Students‘ English Grammar Ability with
Online Website Link. Journal of English Education, Literature, and
Culture. 2(2).
English Grammar. (2019). English Grammar Lesson. Retrieved from
https://www.englishgrammar.org/lessons/
Hamdan., R., H., A., & Qais., L. (2016). Journal of Humanities. 17(4), 106-
119. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5e4a/62d34db5af49686f04540d58f9
345a826cc1.pdf.
Harris., R., D. (2014). Agriculture: Definition and Overview (Master‘s
Thesis, University of Collage London, Springer, NewYork).
Retreived from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301345493_Agriculture_D
efinition_and_Overview.
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Helmann., C. (2013). The Nature of Part of Speech. . Research Gate.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267767933_The_nature_of
_parts_of_speech.
Hasibuan, Rangkuti, S, H. (1990). Agriculture. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Jakarta.
Hughes, A. (1986). Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge University
Press. Melbourne. New York.
Khotimah., S. (2014). The Use of Problem Base Learning to Improve
Students‘ Speaking Learning. Journal of English Language
Teaching. 3(1), 50-56. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Temp/4011-Article%20Text-
8195-1-10-20141024.pdf
O‘sullivan, N., & Libbin, D., J. (2011). Agriculture: Express Publishing.
Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury.
Sahan, A., & Nokas, N., D. (2017). The Descriptive Study on Question
Words in AmanatunDialect of MetoLanguag. Journal of Metathesis.
1(2), 1-17. Retrieved from https://lib.unnes.ac.id/81/1/4939.pd.
School Tutoring Academy. (2017). England in profile 2017. Retrieved from
https://schooltutoring.com/help/english-grammar-understanding-
simple-present-tense/.
Siswoyo. (2016). Students‘ Error in Using Simple Present Tense Mastery.
Journal of Tadris Bahasa Inggris. 9(2), 461-479. Retrieved from
https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/60490-EN-students-
error-in-using-simple-present-t.pdf.
111
ABOUT THE AUTHOR.
Assalamu'alaikum Wr Wb
Asti Gumartifa was born in
th
Palembang city, October 17 , 1988. She is
married with Bengawan Alfaresi, ST., MT.,
IPM and has two sons and one daughter. She
studied in Elementary schools (SDN 272),
Junior high schools (SMPN 33) and Senior
high schools (SMAN 15) in the city of
Palembang. She obtained a Master's degree
in English Education Study Program at
Sriwijaya University in 2015 and a Bachelor Degree of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty in PGRI University Palembang.
Starting in 2016 until now the author is an English lecturer at the
Faculty of Economics and Business in Muhammadiyah University
Paalembang. He taught in several universities in the city of Palembang and
its surroundings. She actively writes National and International journals, and
participates in National and
International conferences or seminars.
Billahitaufiq Walhidayah, Wassalamu'alaikum Wr Wb
Palembang, February 12, 2020
Asti Gumartifa, S.Pd., M.Pd,

Author,
112

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English For Agriculture

Asti Gumartifa, S.Pd., M.Pd

English For Specific Purpose

Cetakan I: Februari 2020

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang pada penulis

Praise the presence of God Almighty because of His grace, the

TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................... i

ENGLISH FOR AGRICULTURE

2. Chapter II Famous People Biography ..................................... 11

3. Chapter III Plant Product ........................................................ 25

6. Chapter VI Plant Grow ............................................................. 55

7. Chapter VII Water .................................................................... 69

8. Chapter VIII Feed and Nutrient .............................................. 79

9. Chapter IX Harvest ................................................................... 89

10. Chapter X Selecting and Storing Fruit .................................... 99

REFERENCE ........................................................................................ 110

Course Name English

1. Why is the agricultural sector important?

The History of Agriculture

1. ……. Agriculture 4. ……. Produce

In the formal introduction above, notice that how do you do also

I‘m very pleased to meet you, Mr……..

Different Types of Noun:

a. Always speak the truth. c. I have two children.

Ibnu Al-Awam Benjamin Holt Cyrus Hall McCormick

Born : January 1, 1849.

Benjamin Holt Biography, Life, Interesting Facts

Childhood and Early life

HOW TO WRITE AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

An autobiography is a written account of the life of a person

Have a closer look at the following example of a short autobiography

1. What are some differences of those pictures?

2. Read the advertisement, then,

a. A crop that grows underground. d. Crops that have been gathered.

Speaking Task! Note Payment

2. Complete your product in the note payment!

Notice the following formula!

1. What does the picture look like?

In saving seed, we should pay attention o some methods, since the

2. Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-F)

3. Make sentences by using these words of phrase

An agenda is a list of things to do. It usually consists of various

An agenda should provide:

Read the following conversation carefully.

What a busy day!!

2. Change the verb into correct form.

1. What does the picture look like?

2. Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-F)

a. Some ..................... hold more water than others.

3. Connect these words with its meaning

a. A material made of small pieces of rock and mineral.

5. Answer these questions bravely!

you can see with your eyes? broken-down pieces of broken

Next Sunday I’m going to visit my grandparent in Jogjakarta

On Saturday night later, father will treat us to the most

Simple future is a form of the verb that refers to an action or event

Form1: will/shall + verb 1 Form1: is/am/are + going to + verb 1

Museum of Tanah Pertanian Bogor Oil palm plantations in Riau

Books and Articles to read