M6 - Chemical Calculations

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NSC-02 [CHEM LEC] | MODULE 6: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

Formula Masses o MM of CuSO4.5H2O = 𝐹𝑀𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 .5𝐻2 𝑂


Formula Mass (FM) = (63.55)(1) + (32)(1) + (16)(4) + (1)(10) +
- or Formula Weight. (16)(5)
- the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms = 249.55 g/mol
represented in the chemical formula of a - In every 1 mole of CuSO4.5H2O, there is 249.55
substance. grams.
- can be used for both ionic and molecular
compounds; it tells nothing about whether a Exercise
compound is ionic or molecular. 1. Calculate the mass, in grams, of a 2.5-mole sample
- unit: amu of ethane, C2H6.
- 𝐹𝑀 = ∑ 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Example: Given: mole C2H6 = 2.5 mole
o 𝐹𝑀𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = (Atomic Mass of Na)(Subscript of Na)
+ (Atomic Mass of Cl)(Subscript of Cl) Reqd: mass in grams
= (23)(1) + (35.5)(1)
?
= 58.5 amu Solution: 2.5 mole C2H6 x
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
o 𝐹𝑀𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 = (40)(1) + (35.5)(2)
= 111 amu MM C2H6 = (12)(2) + (1)(6)
= 30 g/mol C2H6
The Mole: A Counting Unit for Chemists
Mole 30𝑔
2.5 mole C2H6 x 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 75g C2H6
- the amount of a substance that contains as many
elementary particles (atoms, molecules, or
formula units) as there are atoms in exactly 12 2. Calculate the number of moles of sodium ions, Na+,
grams of pure 12C. in 5.63 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4.
- 1 mole of any particle = 6.02x1023 units of that
particle (this is called the Avogadro’s Number). Given: g Na2SO4 = 5.63g
Example:
o 1 mole Ba = 6.02x1023 atoms Reqd: mole Na+
o 1 mole H2O = 6.02x1023 molecules
o 1 mole NaCl = 6.02x1023 formula units Solution: MM Na2SO4 = (23)(2) + (32)(1) + (16)(4)
= 142 g/mol Na2SO4
Molar Mass
Molar Mass (MM) 5.63𝑔 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
= 0.0396 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
142𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
- or Molecular Weight.
- mass in grams of one mole of the substance. 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎
- should be used only for molecular compounds. 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
𝑥 0.039 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
- unit: g/mol or g/mole
Example: = 0.078 mole Na+
o MM of N = 14.01 g/mol
- In every 1 mole of nitrogen, there is 14.01
grams. 3. A tablet of aspirin, C9H8O4, contains 0.360g of
aspirin. How many molecules of aspirin are present?
o MM of H2O = 𝐹𝑀𝐻2 𝑂
= (1)(2) + (16)(1) Given: g C9H8O4 = 0.360g
= 18 g/mol
- In every 1 mole of water, there is 18 grams. Reqd: molecule C9H8O4
o MM of Ba(NO3)2 = 𝐹𝑀𝐵𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2
= (137)(1) + (14)(2) + (16)(6) Solution: MM C9H8O4 = (12)(9) + (1)(8) + (16)(4)
= 261 g/mol = 180 g/mol C9H8O4
- In every 1 mole of Ba(NO3)2, there is 162 grams.
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NSC-02 [CHEM LEC] | MODULE 6: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

0.360𝑔 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 6.02𝑥1023 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠


180𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4
= 0.002 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
6.02𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4
0.002 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4
Example:
= 1.204x1021 molecule C9H8O4 1. Convert 3.50 mole sucrose to no. of molecules
sucrose.
a. How many moles of aspirin are present? 6.02𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
3.50 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒
= 0.002 moles C9H8O4
= 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒆
b. How many moles of carbon?
2. Determine the number of atoms in 2.5 mol Zn.
9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶
0.002 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑥 6.02𝑥1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 2.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑍𝑛 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑍𝑛
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑪
= 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔 𝒁𝒏
c. How many grams of carbon?
3. Given 3.25 mol AgNO3, determine the number of
12𝑔 𝐶 formula units.
0.018 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 C
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝒈 𝑪 6.02𝑥1023 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3
d. How many moles of hydrogen?
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝑨𝒈𝑵𝑶𝟑
8 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻
0.002 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 4. Calculate the number of molecules in 11.5 mol
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯 water.

e. How many grams of hydrogen? 6.02𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠


11.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐻2 𝑂
1𝑔 𝐻
0.016 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 H = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝒈 𝑯
Converting Particles to Moles
f. How many moles of oxygen?
Constant Formula:
4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂
0.002 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑥 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶9 𝐻8 𝑂4 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑶 6.02𝑥1023 𝑟𝑒𝑝. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠.

g. How many grams of oxygen?


Example
16𝑔 𝑂 1. Zinc is often used as a corrosion-resistant coating on
0.008 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂 𝑥 iron and steel. It is also an essential trace element in
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 O
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝒈 𝑶 your diet. Calculate the number of moles that
contain 4.50x1024 atoms of Zinc.
Converting Moles to Particles
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
4.50𝑥1024 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑍𝑛 𝑥
Constant Formula: 6.02𝑥1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑍𝑛

= 𝟕. 𝟒𝟕𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒁𝒏
2
NSC-02 [CHEM LEC] | MODULE 6: CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

❖ Same formula for conversion of formula units or


molecules to moles.

Converting Mass to Atoms


❖ We got to convert mass first into moles.

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑥
𝑔 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)

Then, convert it to atoms using Avogadro’s number.

6.02𝑥1023 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠


𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

❖ We can do the reverse to convert atoms to moles


using the reverse of Avogadro’s number.

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 𝑥
6.02𝑥1023 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠

Then, convert it to mass.

𝑔 (𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)


𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

Example (Conversion of Moles to Grams):


1. Convert 2.5 moles NaCl to grams.

MM NaCl: (23)(1) + (35.5)(1) = 58.5g/mol

58.5𝑔
2.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝒈 𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

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