Experiment 3 Concentration (Different concentration of Na2S2O3)

Problem Statement Does concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear?
Variable Manipulated: Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution
Responding: Time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear
Constant: Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
Hypothesis The higher the higher of concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution, the shorter the time taken for
mark ‘X’ to disappear
Material 0.2mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1.0mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid and distilled water. white
paper with a mark 'X' at the centre.
Apparatus Conical flask, measuring cylinder, thermometer, stopwatch, white paper with mark ‘X’, wire gauze, tripod
stand, Bunsen burner
Procedure 1) 45 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is measured using a measuring cylinder and
poured into a conical flask.
2) The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper with a mark 'X' at the centre.
3) 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder.
4) The sulphuric acid is then poured quickly and carefully into the conical flask and a stopwatch is
started immediately.
5) The stopwatch is stopped immediately once the mark 'X' disappears from sight.
6) The time required for the mark 'X' to disappear from sight is recorded.
7) The experiment is repeated four more times using different volumes of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution diluted with different volumes of distilled water
Tabulation data Experiment I II III IV V
Volume of 0.2 mol dm-3 Na2S2O3(cm3) 45 40 30 20 10
Volume of distilled water (cm3) 0 5 15 25 35
Volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 (cm3) 5 5 5 5 5
Total volume of mixture, V2 (cm3) 50 50 50 50 50
Concentration of Na2S2O3, solution in the 0.2(45) 0.2(40) 0.2(30) 0.2(20) 0.2(10)
reacting mixture 50 50 50 50 50
= 0.18 = 0.16 = 0.12 = 0.08 = 0.04
Diagram and Graph

Chemical Equation Chemical Equation: Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + S+ SO2

Ionic Equation: S2O32- + 2H+→ H2O + S+ SO2
Precaution • If the 150cm3 conical flask are replaced by bigger 250cm3 conical flask, the time taken for the ‘X’
mark to disappear from sight will be longer. Because bigger base area need bigger amount of
sulphur precipitate.
• Total volume of the reacting mixture in all the five sets of the experiments are the same, that is, 50
cm3. This is to ensure that the quantity of sulphur required for the mark 'X' to disappear from sight
is the same for all the five sets of the experiments
• If hydrochloric acid of same concentration is used to replace sulphuric acid, the rate of reaction will
become lower. Because hydrochloric acid is a strong monoprotic acid, whereas sulphuric acid is a
strong diprotic acid. Hence the concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid is only half
compare to sulphuric acid.
Question 8 (F5C1 Rate of reaction sodium thiosulphate solution) 2011
Diagrams 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 shows the apparatus set-up for Set I, Set II, Set III and Set IV for an experiment to
investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric
acid. In each set of the experiment, the size of the conical flask used is 250 cm3.
Set Apparatus set-up Observation
I 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid +
50 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution

II 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid +

50 cm3 of 0.16 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution

III 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid +

50 cm3 of 0.12 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution

a)
I. Based on Diagrams 1.1,1.2 and 1.3, state one observation in this experiment. (3M)
yellow precipitate is formed.
II. Based on the observation in (a)(i), state the inference (3M)
Sulphur is formed

b) For this experiment, state the (3M)

I. Manipulated variable
Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution
II. responding variable
Rate of reaction / Time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear from sight

III. fixed variable

Concentration of hydrochloric acid / Size of conical flask

c) State one hypothesis for this experiment(3M)

The higher the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher the rate of reaction with hydrochloric acid
(Type of hypothesis: Relationship MV↑,RV↑↓)

d) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction in this experiment (3M)
rate of reaction is the time taken for the cross mark to disappear from sight (observation) when hydrochloric acid is
added to sodium thiosulphate solution (procedure)

e)
I. Based on Diagrams 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, complete Table 1.1. (3M)
Set I II III IV
Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution (mol dm- 0.20 0.16 1.12 0.08
3
)
 Time (s) 20 25 33 50
𝟏 -1 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
(s )
𝟏
II. Based on Table 1.1, plot a graph of concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution against 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (3M)

f) Based on the graph in (e)(ii),

I. state the relationship between the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution and the rate of reaction
(3M)
The rate of reaction is directly propotional to the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution.

II. Predict the time taken for the mark “ X ” to disappear from sight if the experiment is carried out using
0.22 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution. Show on the graph how you determine the time taken
(3M)
1
0.055
= 18.18s

g) The experiment for Set I is repeated by replacing the 250 cm3 conical flask with a smaller conical flask. The time
taken for the mark “ X ” to disappear from sight is less than 20 seconds. Explain why. (3M)
The smaller conical flask has a smaller base area. Thus, the thickness of the sulphur is increased.

h) Classify the ions present in Set II by completing Table 1.2. (3M)

Anions Cations
Chloride ion Hydrogen ion
Thiosulphate ion Sodium ion
Question 1 (F5C1)

A student carried out an experiment to

investigate the effect of temperature on the
rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid. In
each experiment, the size of the conical flask
used is 150 cm3.

50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of sodium

thiosulphate solution at temperature of
30 °C is poured into a conical flask and 5 cm3
of 1-0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is added
immediately into the sodium thiosluphate
solution. The conical flask is shaken and then
placed on a paper with mark ‘X’ as shown in
Diagram 1.1. The time taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight is recorded.

The experiment is repeated by using the same volume of sodium thiosulphate solution but with different temperature.

a) Record the time taken in the spaces provided in Table 1.

b) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution against time on the graph paper
provided in page 1.

c)
I. Based on Diagram 1.1, state one observation.
Yellow precipitate is formed and cover the ‘X’ mark
II. State the inference for your answer in (c)(i).
Sulphur is formed
d) For this experiment, state the
Variables Action to be taken
(i) Manipulated variable: (a) The way to manipulate variable
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution Repeat the experiment by heating the sodium
thiosulphate solution to 35 ˚C,40 ˚C,45 ˚C,50 ˚C
(ii) Responding variable: (b) What to observe in the responding variable:
The time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear from sight Measure the time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear from
sight using stopwatch
(iii) Controlled variable: (c) The way to maintain the controlled variable:
Volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate Use the same Volume and concentration of sodium
solution thiosulphate solution throughout the experiment

e) State one hypothesis for this experiments.

The higher the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the shorter the time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear
from sight
𝟏
f) Graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution against 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 is plotted as shown in Diagram 1.2
 I. Based on the graph in Diagram 1.2,
state the relationship between the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution and the rate of reaction.
The higher the temperature of sodium thiosulphate , the higher the rate of reaction

II. Predict the time taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight when the temperature is 55 °C.
1
= 0.033s-1
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 30.3𝑠

g) Experiment at the temperature of 30 °C is repeated by replacing the 150 cm3 conical flask with a bigger conical
flask. The time taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight is more than 55 seconds. Explain why.
More sulphur precipitate is required to cover the ‘X’ mark because it has a larger surface area (bottom of conical
flask). This is because the base area of the bigger conical flask is bigger and the depth of the 100 cm3 solution
becomes shallower. Hence, a bigger amount of sulphur precipitate is required to cause the mark 'X' to disappear
from sight.

h) State the operational definition of the rate of reaction based on this experiment.
rate of reaction is the time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear from sight when sodium thiosulphate solution in a conical
flask is added sulphuric acid and put one a piece of white paper with ‘X’ mark.

i) You are given a list of chemical reaction as follow:

Corrosion Neutralisation Photosynthesis
Displacement Double decomposition reaction Respiration
Classify these chemical reaction into fast reaction and slow reaction.
Fast reaction Slow reaction
 Displacement Photosynthesis
Neutralization Respiration
Double decomposition reaction Corrosion

j) In this experiment, the volume of mixture are the same. Why the same volume must be used?
So that the ‘X’ mark can be observe from the same height of mixture.

k) Can sulphuric acid, H2SO4 be replaced with hydrochloric acid, HCl? Explain.
Yes. Thiosulphate ions, S2O32– react with hydrogen ions, H+ present in all acid solutions

l) The' X ’ mark disappears from view when the solution in the conical flask reaches a certain level of cloudiness.
What are the steps required in this experiment so that the same level of cloudiness is achieved in all the five
experiments?
The total volume of the solution is maintained.
The height of the solution in the conical flask is maintained (use the same conical flask).
Use a white paper with the same ‘X’ mark

m) What are the changes being measured in the experiment to determine the rate of reaction?
The time taken for a fixed mass of sulphur to be formed.

n) Why does the solution in the conical flask turn cloudy?

Formation of an insoluble solid in water. The insoluble solid is suphur

o) In this experiment, if hydrochloric acid of the same concentration is used to replace sulphuric acid, what is the
effect on rate of reaction? Why?
The rate of reaction will become lower. This is because hydrochloric acid is a strong monoprotic acid, whereas
sulphuric acid is a strong diprotic acid. Hence, the concentration of hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid is only half the
concentration of hydrogen ions in sulphuric acid

p) Total volume of the reacting mixture in all the five sets of the experiments are the same, that is, 100 cm 3.
This is to ensure that the quantity of sulphur required for the mark 'X' to disappear from sight is the same for all the
five sets of the experiments