Tenses:

PRESENT SIMPLE + S + V + ( s- ending en He, She, It) + extra i.

? Do/Does + S + V.inf + extra i. + ?
- S + do / does + NOT + V-inf + extra i.

PRESENT CONTINOUS S + to be + V-ing + extra i.

? to be + S + V-ing + extra i. + ?
- S + to be + NOT + V-ing + extra i.

PRESENT PERFECT + S + HAVE + past participle + extra i.

? HAVE + S + past participle + extra i. + ?
- S + ‘VE NOT + past participle + extra i.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS S + HAVE BEEN + past participle + extra i.

? HAVE + S + BEEN + past participle + extra i. + ?
- S + ‘VE NOT BEEN + past participle + extra i.

PAST SIMPLE + S + V past + extra i. ( S + did + V +E.I.)

? Did + S + Vinf + extra i. + ?
- S + didn’t + Vinf + extra i.

PAST CONTINOUS + S + was / were + V-ing + extra i.

? Was / Were + S + V-ing + extra i. + ?
- S + was / were + NOT + V-ing + extra i.

PAST PERFECT S + HAD + past participle + extra i.

? HAD + S + past participle + extra i. + ?
- S + ‘VE NOT + past participle + extra i.

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS S + HAD BEEN + past participle + extra i.

? HAD + S + BEEN + past participle + extra i. + ?
- S + ‘D NOT BEEN + past participle + extra i.

FUTURE SIMPLE S + WILL + V + EXTRA I.

BE GOING TO S + GOING TO + V + EXTRA I.

PC FUTURE S + to be + V-ing + future clause

PS FUTURE S + V + future clause

FUTURE CONTINOUS + S + WILL BE + V-ing

? WILL + S + BE + V-ing + extra i. + ?
-

FUTURE PERFECT + S + WILL + HAVE + past pariciple + extra i.

?
-

FUTURE PERFECT CONT. + S + WILL + HAVE + BEING + V-ing + extra i.

?
-

IMPERATIVE
1+ Únicamente tiene la segunda persona en singular y plural. Se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin el “to“.
Hurry up!
 Switch the TV off.
Put the flour, milk, and eggs in a bowl
Just wait for me here, please. (Espérame aquí, por favor)
Close the door, if you wouldn’t mind. (Cierra la puerta, si no te importa)
2 - infintivo del verbo sin el “to“.
Don’t be late! (¡No llegues tarde!)
Do not go to work today. (No vayas al trabajo hoy)
Don’t keep opening the fridge! (¡Deja de abrir la nevera!)
3 imperativo exhortativo Let’s + el infinitivo del verbo sin “to” en forma afirmativa.
Let us observe a minute of silence, please.
Let’s not go in, please. (No entremos, por favor)

Cuando el prefijo Let va seguido de un pronombre personal diferente de us, toma el significado de dejar,
permitir.
Let me do the washing up for once
4 imperativo para sugerencia o propuestas. 2construcciones:
Let’s + verbo en infinitivo sin el “to” (Imperativo exhortativo)
Let’s not miss the train.
Let’s take a holiday!
Why don’t we + verbo en infinitivo sin el “to“
Why don’t we go to the beach?
Why don’t you tell her the truth?
PASSIVE VOICE
PS S + to be + past participle
PC S + to be + BEING + past participle
BS S + to be + past participle
BC S + to be + BEING + past participle
PP S + HAVE BEEN + past participle
BP S + HAD BEEN + past participle
FS S + WILL BE + past participle
INF S + HAVE TO BE + past participle
MOD S + modal + BE + past participle

Pasiva impersonal Activa: Everyone says Tim loves Sarah

(sujeto It)
It + to be presente + subject + V.part + (that) + clause Verbos introductorios (say, think, believe;know)
It’s said Tim loves Sarah

(Usando el sujeto de la oración subordinada, como sujeto de la pasiva)

•En infinitivo con to, si es presente simple.
Tim is said to love Sarah – Se dice que Tim ama a Sarah.
•Con to be + -ing, si es presente continuo.
Tim is said to be loving Sarah – Se dice que Tim está amando a Sarah.
•Con to have + participio, si es pasado simple o presente perfecto.
Tim is said to have loved Sarah – Se dice que Tim había amado a Sarah.
•Con to have been + -ing, si es pasado continuo o presente perfecto continuo.
Tim is said to have been loving Sarah – Se dice que Tim había estado amando a Sarah.
•Con to be + –ing, o bien to be going to + infinitivo, tiempo del futuro (esta opción no es muy frecuente).
Tim is said to be loving/to be going to love Sara (Tim estará amando/va a amar a Sarah.
REPORTED SPEECH
Subject + Reporting verb + that + clause Eg. “Carlos said that you bought a house”

CLEFT
It + is/was + elemento enfatizado + clausula relativa “It was yesterday when you arrived”

CONDITIONALS
0 cond If / When + present simple + present simple
If don’t have any lunch, I get very hungry
When Sarah phones, we talk for hours
If a see Jack I’ll invite him
1 (If + present simple) + will/can/could/may/might
If it rains tomorrow, We’ll stay at home
If you’re free later, you can cone with us
If it’s a nice day, we might go to the beach
2 ( If + past simple ) + would/could/migh
If I had more money, I’d be happy
If it was warm, we could eat outside
If I were you, I’d better take the job
3 ( If + past perfect ) + WOULD HAVE + past participle
If we’d set out earlier, we would have arrived on time.
If I’d known you were in town, I could have met you
If she’d worked harder, she might have passed her exam

TCG
1
Sir i think you're being rather foolish this castle is haunted. my family abandoned it the day my great grand-
aunt the Duchess of Bolton felt to skeleton hands on her shoulders. My lord, I will buy the house, and
everything in it, including the ghost. Please be warned, sir. The ghost always appears before the death of any
member of my family. And so does the family doctor, lord cannerville. I come from a modern country,
America, where we don't believe in ghosts. It's all right with me. But please remember that i warned you.

2
I bid you welcome to Canterville Castle. Good day, james. Let me introduce you to my family. This is my
wife, mrs Lucretia Otis. This is my eldest son, Washington. This is my daughter, Virginia. And those are the
twins. They are Lewis and Clark, named after the American explorers. Hi james where's the fridge? I'm
thirsty. Hey, funny hat you have there! Let me show you all around the castle. This is the door to the kitchen
next to the fireplace. Mother! Look at this, it looks like blood on the rug here. Yes, it's blood from Eleanor de
Canterville. She was murdered there about 300 years ago. That's horrible! Somebody was killed there? Yes,
Sir Simon de Canterville killed his wife there. Pardon me, but who is this simon guy? Oh, just a relation of
my employers. That's him on the wall. James, remove that ghastly man from our wall at once. Yeah, I bet
that's why he haunts the place. Sir simon Sir Simon! Where are you hiding? Come out and show yourself!.
Do be quiet, Lewis and Clark. If i were you, I wouldn't concern myself too much. He only likes to play tricks,
nowadays. Just give me a second to remove this stain. Oh I wouldn't. It can't be removed so simon simply
won't permit it. It's one of his little tricks. Nonsense! There's nothing Pinkerton's Champion Stain Remover
and Paragon Detergent can't clean up! Let's go find the ghost! Yeah let's go grab our pea shooters and scare
him! Oh dear, what can we do with a butler who faints? Sorry about that. Now let me continue my tour. Now,
if you excuse us, we're all very tired. Good night. Of course. I'm sorry for keeping you. Good Night!

3
Who do these people think they are? The walk in here like they own the place, leave their stuff all about,
remove my family's portrait and remove my bloodstain. And all that just on the first day! I've kept this
bloodstain here for 300 years, 11 months, and 15 days now, and I'm not about to let a few Americans ruin my
reputation. Yes, I must evict these people. I will send them scarring back to America.

4
Look, the blood stain is back! That ghost must have been here. Let's camp out here tonight and wait for him.
We can sleep under the desk. No, we need to corner him; otherwise he'll be able to escape. You sleep by the
door. He'll step on me. And I'll sleep on top of the desk so I can jump on top of him. Let's go get our pillows.
Oh, look at this mess! Lewis and Clark must have been here. What on Earth are you doing with your pillows?
We're going to catch the ghost tonight! See, he was here last night! The bloodstain is back. How horrid! He
must have spread the papers on the ground too. Dear, I assure you, there is no such thing as a ghost. There's
obviously a draft somewhere in this room. And the bloodstain? Of course, it's the cat. It must have killed a
mouse last night. James! wake up! Clean this blood up immediately! Sorry, madam, I can't do that. Sir Simon
won't let me. Good morning, everybody. Oh look, the bloodstain is back. I guess James was right about the
ghost. Well, Pinkertons won't let him win! Odd, I wonder where I put my brick red paint. It's not here
anymore. Look, the portrait of that horrid murderer is back on my wall! Ah! What! Oh dear, James seems to
have fainted again. Sorry about that, madam. I must write a letter to the Journal of Paranormal Phenomena.
So you admit the ghost exists?. Well, I suppose that… no no Washington is a regular contributor and he
writes a letter every month. James, please start preparing breakfast! Washington why are the twins’ pillows
on the table? They want to see the ghost when he comes to replenish the bloodstain. Look Washington, there
is really no such thing as a ghost. I wish you would stop spreading rumours.

5
It's almost eleven o'clock. Hurry up! I’ve got my pea-shooter loaded. All right. I've got a bottle of water to
throw at him. I'll jump at him, you fire. My dear, sir. I really must insist that you oil those chains. It is quite
impossible for us to sleep with such an awful racket going on here. Therefore, I have brought you a bottle of
Tammany Rising Sun Lubricator for that purpose. I'm happy to supply you with more, should you need it.
Who do these barbarians think they are? It is my right to moan and haunt and make horrible noises! Why, I
have haunted these halls for more than.. Ha, got you!