Metereology Chapter 1

Asignación: Preguntas guías del libro
1. The primary source of energy for Earth’s atmosphere is the sun.
2. A) Observation: Collecting data on current weather conditions.
B) Hypothesis: Formulating a hypothesis about future weather patterns based on

observed data.
C) Prediction: Making predictions about future weather events based on the hypothesis.
D) Testing: Monitoring and analyzing new data to evaluate the accuracy of the
predictions.
E) Conclusion: Adjusting the hypothesis and predictions based on the testing results, and
refining the forecast.
3. -Temperature
-Humidity
-Precipitation
-Wind Speed and Direction
-Atmospheric pressure
-Cloud cover
-Visibility
4. The weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific location, including

temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility. Climate, on the other hand,
represents the long-term average of weather patterns in a particular region over an
extended period, typically 30 years or more. Weather is what we experience on a day-to-
day basis, while climate reflects the broader and more stable patterns over a more
extended period.
5. Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth’s atmosphere, focusing on weather

patterns and atmospheric phenomena. It originates from the Greek word “meteoron”,
meaning “something high in the air”, combined with “logia”, which means “study”.
6. -Middle Latitude Cyclonic Storm

-Hurricane
-Thunderstorm
-Tornado
7. It means that the wind is blowing from the south towards the north.
8. Tends to move to the western region.

9. A) Isobars: Lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.
B) Fronts: Boundaries between air masses with different characteristics.
C) High-Pressure Systems: Indicated by “H” on the map, high-pressure systems are

associated with descending air, clear skies and stable weather conditions.
D) Low-Pressure Systems: Indicated by “L” on the map, low-pressure systems are

associated with ascending air, cloud formation and stormy weather.
E) Wind barbs: Symbols representing wind direction and speed.
F) Weather Symbols: Icons indicating specific weather conditions at reporting stations,

such as rain, snow, fog or thunderstorms.
10. In the Northern Hemisphere, winds generally circulate counterclockwise around areas of
low pressure (cyclones) and clockwise around areas of high pressure (anticyclones). This
pattern is influenced by the Coriolis effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, which deflects
moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
11. A) Agriculture: Weather patterns and climate conditions can affect crop growth and
farming practices.
B) Health: Extreme weather events can contribute to illnesses.
C) Water resources: Precipitation patterns and temperature fluctuations influence water

availability.
D) Economic Activities: Weather conditions impact industries such as tourism,

construction and energy.
E) Natural Disasters: Severe weather events can cause devastating effects on

communities, property damage and loss of life.
F) Infrastructure and Transportation: Weather conditions influence transportation safety.
12. Over geological time, the atmosphere has changed. Early atmosphere lacked oxygen and
were composed mainly of gases like methane and carbon dioxide. The development of
photosynthetic organisms gradually increased oxygen levels, leading to the current
composition dominated by nitrogen and oxygen. Human activities in recent centuries,
primarily the burning of fossil fuels, have led to increased concentrations of greenhouse
gases which contribute to climate change.
13. Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide.
14. Carbon dioxide exhibits the greatest variation from place to place at Earth’s surface.
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, contribute to
fluctuations in carbon dioxide concentrations, leading to regional variations in its levels.
Additionally, natural processes like photosynthesis and respiration by plants and animals
can also influence local carbon dioxide levels.
15. The Earth's atmosphere acts as a protective shield by regulating temperature, blocking
harmful radiation, supporting breathable air, and preventing the impact of space debris.
These functions collectively contribute to the habitability of the planet for a diverse range
of life forms.
16. • Water vapor as green house gas.

• Cloud Formation
• Precipitation
• Latent heat release
• Humidity and weather patterns
• Aerosol formation
• Transport water
17. Carbon dioxide is primarily produced near Earth’s surface through natural and human
activities. Natural sources for example include respiration. Human activities, such as the
burning fossil fuels and deforestation, release large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Meanwhile, the natural destruction of carbon dioxide occurs through processes like
photosynthesis, where plants and algae absorb CO2 during the conversion of sunlight into
energy. Additionally, CO2 dissolves in the oceans forming carbonic acid and contributing
to ocean acidity. Over geological time scales, carbon dioxide is also sequestered n rocks
through mineralization.
Two reasons for increase carbon dioxide over the past 100 years:
- Burning fossil fuels.

- Land-Use changes and deforestation.
18. Dust and soil, saltwater drops, smoke and forest fires.
19. Methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.
20. - Air pressure is the result of the weight of the air above given level. The higher
the here is altitude, the less air there is above, resulting in lower air pressure.
- As one goes higher in the atmosphere, there is less air above a given level.
The higher the altitude, the less air there is above, resulting in lower pressure.
21. Inches of mercury = Approximately 29.92 inches of mercury.

Millibars = 1013.25 millibars
Hectopascals = 1013.25 hectopascals
22. Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere.

23. In the troposphere, closest top the Earth’s surface, temperatures generally decrease with
altitude. Moving upward to the stratosphere, temperatures begin to rise due to the
presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs and retains solar energy. The mesosphere
follows decline in temperature, Finally, in the thermosphere, the highest layer,
temperatures experience a significant increase, driven by the absorption of solar
temperatures experience a significant increase, driven by the absorption of solar
radiation, despite the sparse distribution of molecules in this upper atmosphere region.
24. A) The troposphere contains all of our weather.

B) In the thermosphere.
Definitions:
1. Hurricane- a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean.
2. Tornado- a violently rotating column of air touching the ground, usually attached to the
base of a thunderstorm.
3. Troposphere- the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
4. Stratosphere- the part of the earth's atmosphere which extends from the top of the
troposphere to about 30 miles (50 kilometers) above the surface and in which temperature
increases gradually to about 32°F (0°C) and clouds rarely form.
5. Mesosphere- the mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below

the thermosphere. It extends from about 50 to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above our planet.
Temperature decreases with height throughout the mesosphere.
6. Ionosphere- the layer of the earth's atmosphere that contains a high concentration of
ions and free electrons and is able to reflect radio waves. It lies above the mesosphere and
extends from about 50 to 600 miles (80 to 1,000 km) above the earth's surface.
7. Tropopause- is the boundary that demarcates the troposphere below from the stratosphere
above.
8. Thermosphere- is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is located above the mesosphere
and below the exosphere.
9. Atmosphere pressure- the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it
to Earth.

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Asignación: Preguntas guías del libro

1. The primary source of energy for Earth’s atmosphere is the sun.

2. A) Observation: Collecting data on current weather conditions.

B) Hypothesis: Formulating a hypothesis about future weather patterns based on

4. The weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific location, including

5. Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth’s atmosphere, focusing on weather

6. -Middle Latitude Cyclonic Storm

8. Tends to move to the western region.

B) Fronts: Boundaries between air masses with different characteristics.

C) High-Pressure Systems: Indicated by “H” on the map, high-pressure systems are

D) Low-Pressure Systems: Indicated by “L” on the map, low-pressure systems are

E) Wind barbs: Symbols representing wind direction and speed.

F) Weather Symbols: Icons indicating specific weather conditions at reporting stations,

B) Health: Extreme weather events can contribute to illnesses.

C) Water resources: Precipitation patterns and temperature fluctuations influence water

D) Economic Activities: Weather conditions impact industries such as tourism,

E) Natural Disasters: Severe weather events can cause devastating effects on

F) Infrastructure and Transportation: Weather conditions influence transportation safety.

16. • Water vapor as green house gas.

- Burning fossil fuels.

19. Methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.

21. Inches of mercury = Approximately 29.92 inches of mercury.

22. Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere.

24. A) The troposphere contains all of our weather.

3. Troposphere- the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

5. Mesosphere- the mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below

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