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    Hydrated Compounds Lab

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    Hydrated Compounds Lab

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    8 views4 pages

    Hydrated Compounds Lab

    Uploaded by

    fernanda.is.heree

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    HYDRATED COMPOUNDS LAB

    Many compounds are found in crystal form with water attached. These
    compounds are called hydrates and the crystals with water attached are called
    hydrated crystals. The formula for the hydrated crystal tells how many water
    molecules are attached to each formula unit of crystal. For example, hydrated
    calcium nitrate is written: Ca(NO3)2  4 H2O and is called calcium nitrate
    tetrahydrate.
    The dot in the formula shows that for every mole of calcium nitrate in the
    hydrated crystal, there are 4 moles of water. The water is attached physically to
    the crystal and can be removed from most hydrated crystals by heating them.
    The crystal with the water removed is said to be anhydrous. The percentage of
    water in the crystal can be determined experimentally.

    Pre-Lab
    Answer the following. Where appropriate answer in complete sentences. If a
    calculation is required show all your work.
    1. Define:
    a) hydrated compounds

    b) anhydrous compounds

    2. What is the purpose of the desiccator?

    3. Answer the following questions about the compound CoCl 2 6 H2O


    a) What does the dot mean?

    b) What is the mole ratio of cobalt (II) chloride to water?

    c) What is the molar mass of CoCl2?

    d) What is the molar mass of 6 H2O?

    e) What is the molar mass of CoCl2  6 H2O?

    f) What is the theoretical percentage of water in CoCl2  6 H2O?


    4. Sample data table. Complete this table. Show calculations under the table.

    1. Mass of evaporating dish 11.49 g


    2. Mass of evaporating dish + hydrated 15.66 g
    copper (II) sulfate
    a. Mass of hydrated copper (II) sulfate
    3. Mass of evaporating dish + anhydrous 14.16 g
    copper (II) sulfate
    b. Mass of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate
    c. Mass of water
    d. % water in the hydrate
    e. Moles of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate
    f. Moles water
    g. Mole ratio
    h. Formula of hydrate

    5. A 140.5-g sample of NiSO4·XH2O is heated until no further decrease in mass.


    The mass of the anhydrous salt is 77.5 g. Solve for coefficient X in the
    formula of this hydrate of nickel (II) sulfate.
    Procedure:
    1. Clean and thoroughly dry a porcelain evaporating dish. Find its mass.
    Record the mass in your data table.
    2. Add one small scoop (about 3 grams) of hydrated copper (II) sulfate to the
    evaporating dish. Find the mass of the dish plus the hydrated crystals.
    Record this mass in your data table.
    3. Place the dish on the clay triangle and heat it for 2 minutes. During this time,
    using the crucible tongs, briefly hold a watch glass over the evaporating dish.
    Record your observations.
    4. Continue heating the crystals until they no longer appear “wet”. This may
    take 7 to 10 minutes of strong heating. Carefully remove the evaporating
    dish from the clay triangle and place in the desiccator using the crucible
    tongs.
    5. After 5 to 7 minutes (when the evaporating dish is totally cool) remove it
    from the desiccator with the tongs and find the mass of the dish plus the
    anhydrous crystals. Record this mass in your data table.
    6. Return the anhydrous crystals to your teacher. DON’T RINSE THEM DOWN
    THE DRAIN.
    7. Clean and dry all equipment and clean up your lab area.

    Data Table
    1. Mass of evaporating dish

    2. Mass of evaporating dish + hydrated


    copper (II) sulfate
    3. Mass of evaporating dish +
    anhydrous copper (II) sulfate

    1. What did you observe when you held the watch glass over the evaporating
    dish? What does this tell you about the hydrated crystals?

    Calculations
    2. Using your data calculate the following (Show your work):
    a. mass of hydrated crystals
    b. mass of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate
    c. mass of water in hydrate
    d. experimental mass percentage of water in your hydrated crystals.
    3. Using your data determine the following (Show your work):
    a. moles of anhydrous copper (II) sulfate
    b. mole of water in the hydrate
    c. form a mole ratio of X : Y Use the following set up as a guide:

    d. From this ratio write a formula for the hydrated copper (II) sulfate
    XCuSO4 : YH2O

    Results Table
    2a. Mass of hydrated copper (II)
    sulfate
    2b. Mass of anhydrous copper (II)
    sulfate
    2c. Mass of water
    2d. % water in the hydrate
    3a. Moles of anhydrous copper (II)
    sulfate
    3b. Moles water
    3c. Ratio X:Y
    3d. Formula of your hydrate
    Post Lab Questions
    4. Calculate the theoretical percentage of water in CuSO 4  5 H2O

    5. Compare your experimental percentage to theoretical percentage for water in


    the hydrate. Calculate percent error using this formula:

    6. Remembering the procedure that you used in the lab, suggest three specific
    reasons for the difference in the experimentally determined and theoretically
    determined percentages of water in the hydrate.

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