Basic-Math-Formulas in Learning Math

Basic Math Formulas
Find here a comprehensive list of basic math formulas commonly used when doing basic math
computation
Average formula:
Let a1,a2,a3,......,an be a set of numbers, average = (a1 + a2 + a3,+......+ an)/n
Fractions formulas:
Converting a mixed number to an improper fraction:
Converting an improper fraction to a mixed number:

Formula for a proportion:
In a proportion, the product of the extremes (ad) equal the product of the
means(bc), Thus, ad = bc
Percent:
Percent to fraction: x% = x/100
Percentage formula: Rate/100 = Percentage/base
Rate: The percent.

Base: The amount you are taking the percent of.
Percentage: The answer obtained by multiplying the base by the
rate Consumer math formulas:
Discount = list price × discount rate
Sale price = list price − discount
Discount rate = discount ÷ list price
Sales tax = price of item × tax rate
Interest = principal × rate of interest × time
Tips = cost of meals × tip rate

Commission = cost of service × commission
rate Geometry formulas:
Perimeter:
Perimeter of a square: s + s + s + s
s:length of one side
Perimeter of a rectangle: l + w + l +
w l: length
w: width
Perimeter of a triangle: a + b + c
a, b, and c: lengths of the 3 sides
Area:
Area of a square: s × s
s: length of one side
Area of a rectangle: l × w
l: length
w: width
Area of a triangle: (b × h)/2

b: length of base
h: length of height
Area of a trapezoid: (b1 + b2) × h/2

b1 and b2: parallel sides or the bases
h: length of height
volume:
Volume of a cube: s × s × s
s: length of one side
Volume of a box: l × w × h
l: length
w: width
h: height
Volume of a sphere: (4/3) × pi × r3

pi: 3.14
r: radius of sphere
Volume of a triangular prism: area of triangle × Height = (1/2 base × height) × Height
base: length of the base of the triangle
height: height of the triangle
Height: height of the triangular prism
Volume of a cylinder:pi × r2 × Height
pi: 3.14
r: radius of the circle of the base
Height: height of the cylinder
Surface area of a square pyramid
It is not complicated to derive the formula of the surface area of a square pyramid.
start with a square pyramid as shown below and call the length of the bases and the height of one
triangle l
l is the slant height. It is not for no reason this height is called slant height!
The word slant refers also to something that is oblique or bent, or something that is not vertical or
straight up. Basically, anything that is not horizontal or vertical!
The area of the square is s2
The area of one triangle is (s × l)/2
Since there are 4 triangles, the area is 4 × (s × l)/2 = 2 × s × l
Therefore, the surface area, call it SA is:

SA = s2 + 2 × s × l :
Example #1:
Find the surface area of a square pyramid with a base length of 5 cm, and a slant height of 10
cm SA = s2 + 2 × s × l
SA = 52 + 2 × 5 × 10
SA = 25 + 100
SA = 125 cm2
Example #2:
Find the surface area with a base length of 3 cm, and a slant height of 2
cm SA = s2 + 2 × s × l
SA = 32 + 2 × 3 × 2
SA = 9 + 12
SA = 21 cm2
Example #3:
Find the surface area with a base length of 1/2 cm, and a slant height of 1/4
cm SA = s2 + 2 × s × l
SA = (1/2)2 + 2 × 1/2 × 1/4
SA = 1/4 + 1 × 1/4
SA = 1/4 + 1/4
SA = 2/4
SA = 1/2 cm2
Here is a list of all the prime numbers up to 100.
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 6
7
71 73 79 83 89 9
7
The gram is used to measure mass or weight.
For instance, a person weighing 170 pounds in customary measurement, weighs 77110 grams or
77.11 kilograms in the metric system.
the liter is used to measure capacity.
for instance, 1 liter of coke measures about 33.81 ounces in customary
measurement. The meter is used to measure length.
For instance, a person whose height is 1 meter is equivalent 3.2808 feet in customary measurement.
In the metric system, other units are named by using prefixes such as kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi,
and milli etc...
1 kilo = one thousand and the symbol we use is k
For example, 1 kilometer = 1000 meters
1 hecto = one hundred and the symbol we use is h
1 hectogram = 100 grams
1 deka = ten and the symbol we use is da
1 dekameter = 10 meters
1 deci = one-tenth and the unit is d

1 deciliter = 0.1 liter
1 centi = one-hundredth and the unit is c
1 centimeter = 0.01 meter
1 milli = one-thousandth and the unit is m
1 millimeter = 0.001 meter
To get the amount of space inside a figure, we use a square to represent 1 unit and we say that the
area is measured in square units
Take a look at the following rectangle. To get the area, we are going to draw squares of equal sizes
inside of it.
1 square represents 1 square unit. The rectangle has 8 squares, so the area for this rectangle is 8
square units.
We can also write 8 units2 and it will mean the same
Notice,it is very important, that you can get the same answer if you multiply 2 square units by 4
square units because 2 × 4 = 8
2 square units represent the measure of the width and 4 square units represent the measure for the
length.
Thus, in general, to get the area for a rectangle, just use the following
formula: Area of rectangle = length × width
In practice, when looking for the area of shapes, you will be using real life units such, inches, yards,
feet, and so forth
The following examples demonstrate how to do this

Notice here the unit we are using is inch. That means we are going to use squares, which have a
side of 1 inch to get the area for the rectangle.
Area = length × width = 5 × 2 = 10 square inches or 10 inches2
This also means that we can fit 10 squares with a side of 1 inch inside this
rectangle. Find the area of the following rectangle
Area = length × width = 10 × 2 = 20 square inches or 20 inches 2
Now,that you understand how to get the area for a rectangle, it is going to be easy to get the area of
shapes such as squares, triangles, and trapezoid.

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Basic Math Formulas

Let a1,a2,a3,......,an be a set of numbers, average = (a1 + a2 + a3,+......+ an)/n

Converting a mixed number to an improper fraction:

Converting an improper fraction to a mixed number:

Percent to fraction: x% = x/100

Percentage formula: Rate/100 = Percentage/base

Rate: The percent.

rate Consumer math formulas:

Discount = list price × discount rate

Sale price = list price − discount

Discount rate = discount ÷ list price

Sales tax = price of item × tax rate

Interest = principal × rate of interest × time

Tips = cost of meals × tip rate

rate Geometry formulas:

Area of a triangle: (b × h)/2

Area of a trapezoid: (b1 + b2) × h/2

Volume of a sphere: (4/3) × pi × r3

Surface area of a square pyramid

The area of the square is s2

The area of one triangle is (s × l)/2

Since there are 4 triangles, the area is 4 × (s × l)/2 = 2 × s × l

Therefore, the surface area, call it SA is:

SA = (1/2)2 + 2 × 1/2 × 1/4

the liter is used to measure capacity.

for instance, 1 liter of coke measures about 33.81 ounces in customary

measurement. The meter is used to measure length.

1 kilo = one thousand and the symbol we use is k

For example, 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

1 hecto = one hundred and the symbol we use is h

1 hectogram = 100 grams

1 deka = ten and the symbol we use is da

1 deci = one-tenth and the unit is d

1 centi = one-hundredth and the unit is c

1 centimeter = 0.01 meter

1 milli = one-thousandth and the unit is m

1 millimeter = 0.001 meter

We can also write 8 units2 and it will mean the same

The following examples demonstrate how to do this

Area = length × width = 5 × 2 = 10 square inches or 10 inches2

rectangle. Find the area of the following rectangle

Area = length × width = 10 × 2 = 20 square inches or 20 inches 2

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