SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

QUESTION BANK

VI SEMESTER – MDE
1910602 – MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES

Regulation – 2019
Academic Year: 2021 – 22 Even Semester

Prepared by

Dr. R. Dhanush
Assistant Professor (S.G) / MDE

Page 1 of 10
 SRMVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

UNIT I – RADIOGRAPHY AND FLUOROSCOPY

Nature of X-rays- X-Ray absorption – Tissue contrast. X- Ray Equipment – X-Ray Tube, the collimator, Bucky
Grid, Digital Radiography- discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film scanning, – Fluoroscopy – X-
ray Image Intensifier -Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, cine Angiography. Digital subtraction Angiography.
Mammography.
PART – A
Q. Questions BT Competence
No Level
1 Define the phenomenon of projection in radiography. BTL1 Remembering
2 Identify the most common imaging examination and mention its limitations BTL1 Remembering
3 List the advantages of projection radiographic systems BTL1 Remembering
4 Explain bremsstrahlung radiation with a neat diagram BTL3 Applying
5 What is characteristic radiation? BTL3 Applying
6 Mention the significance of Compton scattering BTL3 Applying
7 Tabulate the frequency range, wavelength, photon energies for soft, diagnostic BTL1 Remembering
x-rays and visible light
8 Define mathematically the EM radiation with energy equations BTL1 Remembering
9 Enumerate the properties of x-rays BTL1 Remembering
10 Point out the significance of units of X-rays BTL4 Analyzing
11 Point out the importance of collimators BTL4 Analyzing
12 Assess the importance of Bucky grids BTL5 Evaluating
13 Summarize the various features of Compensation filters BTL5 Evaluating
14 Draw the schematic diagram of x-ray tube BTL6 Creating
15 Sketch the schematic diagram for different beam restrictors BTL6 Creating
16 Classify graphically the two different contrast agents BTL4 Analyzing
17 Describe the constructional details of intensifying screens BTL2 Understanding
18 Discuss the constructional details of x-ray image intensifiers (XRII) BTL2 Understanding
19 Estimate the spatial resolution of a mammogram when the pixel size is 10µm BTL2 Understanding
in (line pairs per mm)
20 Describe the formation of latent image and the technique used to convert this BTL2 Understanding
image into digital form

Page 2 of 10
 PART – B
1 (i) Explain the production of x-rays with detail description of construction of BTL2 Understanding
x-ray tubes (9)
(ii) Contrast the x-ray spectra leaving the tube filter and body with a neat
graph (4)
2 Assess various different beam restrictors used in X-rays with neat diagrams BTL5 Evaluating
(13)
3 Discuss the various aspects of compensation filters and its types with a neat BTL2 Understanding
diagram (13)
4 Examine the significance of the contrasting agents and plot the attenuation BTL1 Remembering
coefficients for different contrasting agents (13)
5 Classify different types of Grids with a neat labelled diagrams for a typical x- BTL4 Analyzing
ray system (13)
6 Illustrate the following with a neat diagrams BTL3 Applying
(i) Intensifying screens (5)
(ii) Radiographic cassettes (4)
(iii) Radiographic films (4)
7 Draw and explain the working of x-ray image intensifiers with a schematic BTL3 Applying
diagram (13)
8 Generalize the working of mammography system by formulating the BTL6 Creating
importance of spatial resolution numerically to determine the breast cancer
(13)
9 (i) Analzye the working of Digital fluoroscopy system by pointing out the BTL4 Analyzing
importance of image formation. (6)
(ii) Also tabulate the general procedure in fluoroscopy and its application (7)
10 Explain in detail the interaction of radiation with matter and derive the relation BTL1 Remembering
between absorbance and concentration with a neat diagram (13)
11 Describe in detail the construction and working of stationary anode x-ray tube BTL1 Remembering
(13)
12 Describe in detail the significance of Airgaps, and Scanning Slits BTL2 Understanding
13 Describe various steps involved to develop digital image from the latent form BTL1 Remembering
with a neat diagram of computed radiography cassette (13)
14 Analyze the various filtration methods used in x-rays (13) BTL3 Analyzing
PART – C

1 Evaluate the working of digital subtraction angiography system with a neat BTL5 Evaluating
block diagram.
2 Evaluate the automatic dose control system used in the x-ray image BTL5 Evaluating
intensifiers with a neat block diagram
3 Draw the schematic representation for developing a system for automatic BTL6 Creating
exposure control
4 Sketch the exposure timing systems using RC timing circuits BTL6 Creating

Page 3 of 10
 UNIT II – COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Principles of sectional imaging, Principles of computed Tomographic Imaging - Scan motions, X-ray sources.
Influences of Images quality: Unsharpness- contrast - Image Noise-2-D image reconstruction techniques-Back
projection and iterative.
PART – A
Q. Questions BT Competence
No Level
1 Define 2-D Transform BTL1 Remembering
2 Identify why conventional radiograph is not a tomogram BTL1 Remembering
3 Describe a tomogram obtained in CT BTL1 Remembering
4 Draw the geometry of the 2 G CT machine. BTL3 Applying
5 Sketch the geometry of the 3 G CT machine. BTL3 Applying
6 Illustrate the geometry of the 4 G CT machine BTL3 Applying
7 Define the axial cross section of an image BTL1 Remembering
8 Mention the significance of CT number BTL1 Remembering
9 Enumerate the advantages of 1 G CT machines BTL1 Remembering
10 Point out the design importance of the 5 G CT machine BTL4 Analyzing
11 Illustrate the back projection image and back projection summation image BTL4 Analyzing
12 Assess the iterative reconstruction technique BTL5 Evaluating
13 Summarize the problems of image quality in CT BTL5 Evaluating
14 Draw the gantry geometry in CT BTL6 Creating
15 Tabulate the schematic of three detectors used in CT BTL6 Creating
16 Classify the types of reconstruction techniques used in CT BTL4 Analyzing
17 Describe the significance of slip rings BTL2 Understanding
18 Discuss the constructional details of x-ray image intensifiers (XRII) BTL2 Understanding
19 List different artefacts affecting the image quality in CT BTL2 Understanding
20 Describe the importance of patient dose in CT machines BTL2 Understanding

PART-B
1 (i) Explain the construction and working principle of Xray source in CT BTL2 Understanding
machines (7)
(ii) Explain the construction and working principle of collimators in CT
machines (6)
2 Assess different features of Dual energy Computed Tomography. (13) BTL5 Evaluating
3 Discuss the various aspects CT processing systems (13) BTL2 Understanding
4 Examine the significance of a viewing system for CT with a neat block BTL1 Remembering
diagram (13)
5 Classify and tabulate various features of CT systems across different BTL4 Analyzing
generations
(13)

Page 4 of 10
6 Illustrate the following with a neat diagrams BTL3 Applying
(i) Gantry (5)
(ii) Slip rings (4)
(iii) Patient table (4)
7 Draw and explain the working principle of CT machine with a schematic BTL3 Applying
diagram (13)
8 Generalize the various procedures involved iterative reconstruction techniques BTL6 Creating
used in CT (13)
9 (i) Analzye the various steps involved back projection algorithm used in CT BTL4 Analyzing
(13)
10 Explain in detail the various types of noises in a CT Image (13) BTL1 Remembering
11 Explain in detail the various types of artefacts prone to occur in a CT BTL1 Remembering
machine (13)
12 Describe in detail the significance of Contrast scale and window width (13) BTL2 Understanding

13 Describe various types of CT detectors used in a CT machine with a neat BTL1 Remembering
schematic representation (13)
14 Analyze the various components of a ultrafast electron beam CT scanner with BTL3 Analyzing
neat schematic diagram (13)
PART - C
1 Evaluate the CT instrumentation for the first, second, third and fourth BTL 5 Evaluating
generation CT machines (15)
2 Formulate and prepare various reconstruction methods used in CT machines BTL6 Creating
(15)
3 Assess the significance of the following BTL 5 Evaluating
(i) Storing documentation (5)
(ii) Gantry geometry (5)
(iii) Patient dosage (5)
4 Describe the following components in a CT machine BTL 6 Creating
(i) Slip rings (5)
(ii) X-ray source (5)
(iii) CT detectors (5)

Page 5 of 10
 UNIT III - MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY
Fundamentals of magnetic resonance- overview - Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach
of MRI system- system Magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Super conductors), generations of gradient
magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving), shim coils, contrast agents- tissue contrast in
MRI- MR angiography, MR spectroscopy, Fmri.
PART - A
Q. BT
Questions Competence
No Level
1 Define the principle of MRI BTL1 Remembering

2 Define the principle of FMRI BTL1 Remembering

3 Describe the clinical relevance of MRI BTL1 Remembering
4 Show how stroke can be viewed using MRI system BTL3 Applying
5 Illustrate the capability of MR image BTL3 Applying
6 Illustrate the significance of Bloch equation BTL3 Applying

7 Define the phenomenon of nuclear magnetism BTL1 Remembering

8 Mention the significance of gyromagnetism BTL1 Remembering
9 Define the concept of precession used in MRI BTL1 Remembering
10 Tabulate the various gyrometric ratios BTL4 Analyzing
11 Illustrate the importance of Larmor frequency BTL4 Analyzing
12 Assess the importance of magnetic susceptibility BTL5 Evaluating
13 Summarize the principle of reciprocity BTL5 Evaluating
14 Formulate the transverse component of magnetization BTL6 Creating
15 Formulate the longitudinal component of magnetization BTL6 Creating
16 Arrange the factors that has direct implication on Bloch equations BTL4 Analyzing
17 Describe the significance of magnetic susceptibility BTL2 Understanding
18 What is the importance of chemical shift? BTL2 Understanding
19 Mention the importance of faraday law of induction BTL2 Understanding
20 Define the phenomenon of free induction decay BTL2 Understanding

PART – B
1 Explain the concept of microscopic magnetism in MRI (13) BTL2 Understanding
2 Assess the concept of macroscopic magnetism in MRI (13) BTL5 Evaluating
3 Discuss the various aspects presession and Larmor frequency (13) BTL2 Understanding
4 Examine the significance of NMR signals (13) BTL1 Remembering
5 Contrast between transverse and longitudinal magnetization in MRI system BTL4 Analyzing
(13)
Page 6 of 10
 6 Illustrate the concept of rotating frames in NMR (13) BTL3 Applying
7 Draw and explain the importance of RF excitation (13) BTL3 Applying
8 Generalize and draw the phenomenon of spin echoes (13) BTL6 Creating
9 Analyze the various steps involved in p weighted contrast mechanism (13) BTL4 Analyzing
10 Explain in detail the Bloch equations used in NMR (13) BTL1 Remembering
11 Enumerate the various biological effects of NMR (13) BTL1 Remembering
12 Enumerate the various advantages of NMR (13) BTL2 Understanding
13 Describe various steps in a t1 weighted contrast method (13) BTL1 Remembering
14 Analyze the various sequence involved in t2 weighted contrast technique (13) BTL3 Analyzing
PART - C
1 Integrate various different components used in NMR to build a MRI system BTL 6 Creating
(15)
2 Assess the principle of NMR system with a FID Fourier transformation BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
3 Summarize the following with a neat diagram
(i) Discrimination based on relaxation rates (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii) Types of imaging sequence (7)
4 Formulate and prepare various image reconstruction techniques used in
BTL 6 Creating
NMR (15)

UNIT - IV RADIO ISOTOPIC IMAGING AND INFRARED IMAGING

Radio nuclides for imaging -Rectilinear scanners – linear scanners – Gamma camera – Emission computed
tomography- SPECT, PET- Physics of thermography – imaging systems – pyroelectric vidicon camera clinical,
thermography – liquid crystal thermography.
PART – A
Q. BT
Questions Competence
No Level
1 Mention the significance of radio tracers BTL1 Remembering
2 Define atomic, mass number BTL1 Remembering
3 Define isobars, isotones BTL1 Remembering
4 Mention the importance of mass defect with example BTL3 Applying
5 Illustrate graphically average binding energy as a function of nuclide BTL3 Applying
6 Illustrate the significance of nuclide and radio nuclide BTL3 Applying
7 Define the phenomenon of binding energy BTL1 Remembering
8 Mention the significance of line of stability BTL1 Remembering
9 Define the concept of radioactivity with example BTL1 Remembering
10 Arrange and order various modes of decay BTL4 Analyzing
11 Illustrate the importance of positron decay BTL4 Analyzing
Page 7 of 10
12 Assess the importance of electron capture BTL5 Evaluating
13 Summarize the importance of isometric transition BTL5 Evaluating
14 Formulate the statistics of decay BTL6 Creating
15 Formulate the effective half-life of radio tracers BTL6 Creating
16 Analyze the importance of main particulate radiation BTL4 Analyzing
17 Describe the classes of ionization radiation BTL2 Understanding
Examine the reason for terming nuclear medicine imaging as emission BTL2 Understanding
18
imaging
19 Point out the importance of Infrared radiation BTL2 Understanding
20 What are the physical factors of IR radiation? BTL2 Understanding

PART – B
1 Explain the construction and working principle of Anger Scintillation camera BTL2 Understanding
(13)
2 Assess various different features of Collimators used in nuclear medicine BTL5 Evaluating
imaging systems (13)
3 Discuss the various aspects of attenuation and scatter in PET and SPECT (13) BTL2 Understanding

4 Examine the significance of a gating system used in nuclear medicine imaging BTL1 Remembering
system (13)
5 Analyze the image capture mechanism used in nuclear medicine imaging BTL4 Analyzing
system (13)
6 Illustrate the following with a neat diagrams BTL3 Applying
(i) Photo multiplier tube (5)
(ii) Scintillation crystal(4)
(iii) Positioning logic (4)
7 Draw and explain the working principle of solid state and other new cameras BTL3 Applying
(13)
8 Generalize the estimation principle of the following image reconstruction BTL6 Creating
techniques
(i) Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) (7)
(ii) Maximum Likelihood by Expectation Maximization (6)
9 Analyze the working principle of combined PET/CT system (13) BTL4 Analyzing

10 Explain in detail the image quality in PET and SPECT (13) BTL1 Remembering

11 Explain in detail the sensitivity in a nuclear medicine imaging system (13) BTL1 Remembering

12 Describe in detail the significance of quantitative medial thermography (13) BTL2 Understanding

13 Describe various blocks available in a Pyro electric Vidicon camera with a BTL1 Remembering
neat block diagram (13)

Page 8 of 10
14 Analyze the working principle of combined PET/MRI system (13) BTL3 Analyzing

PART –C
1. Integrate various different components used to build a SPECT system BTL 6 Creating
(15)
2. Assess the principle of IR thermography system with a neat block diagram BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
3. Summarize the image formation techniques in the following
(i) SPECT (8) BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii) PET (7)
4. Integrate various different components used to build a PET system BTL 6 Creating
(15)

UNIT V - ULTRASOUND, NEUROMAGNETIC IMAGING

Ultrasound: Wave propagation and interaction in Biological tissues -Transducers and imaging systems-
Imaging modes- Time required to obtain Images- System components, signal processing -dynamic Range-
Ultrasound Image Artifacts- Quality control, Origin of Doppler shift- Limitations of Doppler systems.
Neuromagnetic Imaging: Background.
PART – A
Q. BT Competence
Questions
No Level
1 State the significance of echocardiogram BTL1 Remembering
2 Mention the significance of Fetal ultrasound BTL1 Remembering
3 Highlight the important property of ultrasound BTL1 Remembering
4 Write the principle of production of ultrasound BTL3 Applying
5 Classify the various biological tissues based on its ultrasound properties BTL3 Applying
6 Illustrate the significance of 3D acoustic waves BTL3 Applying

7 Define the phenomenon of spherical waves BTL1 Remembering

8 Mention the significance of acoustic energy BTL1 Remembering

9 Define the concept of acoustic intensity BTL1 Remembering

10 Arrange and order wave transmission at plane interfaces BTL4 Analyzing
11 Illustrate the importance of beam width in ultrasound BTL4 Analyzing
12 Assess the frequency dependence of various biological tissues BTL5 Evaluating
13 Summarize the importance of axial and lateral resolution with diagram BTL5 Evaluating
14 Compose the phenomenon of doppler effects for various different cases BTL6 Creating
15 Write the phenomenon of doppler effect BTL6 Creating
16 Analyze the importance of characteristic impedance BTL4 Analyzing

Page 9 of 10
17 Describe the wavelength and frequency of ultrasound BTL2 Understanding
18 Examine the property of velocity of propagation BTL2 Understanding
19 Tabulate the speed of ultrasound in various biological tissues BTL2 Understanding
20 Explain the detection of ultrasound BTL2 Understanding
PART – B
1 Explain the significance of damping and matching in ultrasound systems (13) BTL2 Understanding

2 Assess various different types of transducers used in ultrasound systems (13) BTL5 Evaluating

3 Discuss the piezoelectric behavior of ultrasound crystal with a neat diagram BTL2 Understanding
(13)
4 Examine the significance of A-scan mode used in ultrasound imaging system. BTL1 Remembering
(13)
5 Analyze the various different ultrasound probes used in ultrasound imaging BTL4 Analyzing
system (13)
6 Illustrate the following with a neat diagrams BTL3 Applying
(i) M-scan (3)
(ii) B-scan mode (10)
7 Draw and explain the working principle of 3 D ultrasound imaging technique BTL3 Applying
(13)
8 Generalize the occurrence of noise and speckle in the following BTL6 Creating
(i) Electronics noise (7)
(ii) Compound Scanning for Speckle Reduction (6)
9 Analyze the working principle of combined PET/CT system (13) BTL4 Analyzing
10 Explain in detail the image quality in ultrasound imaging (13) BTL1 Remembering
11 Explain in detail the following in a ultrasound imaging system BTL1 Remembering
(i) Frequecny
(ii) AED
(iii) Focussing
12 Describe in detail the significance of medical ultrasound (13) BTL2 Understanding
13 Describe working principle of echo-ophthalmoscope (13) BTL1 Remembering
14 Analyze the working principle of echo cardiograph circuit with block diagram BTL3 Analyzing
(13)
PART – C
1 Integrate various different components used in a real time ultrasonic imaging
BTL 6 Creating
system. (15)
2 Assess the principle of linear scanners with phased array systems
BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
3 Assess the principle of Duplex scanners with area array systems
BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
4 Integrate various different components used to build a digital scan converter
BTL 6 Creating
system and biological effects of ultrasound (15)

Page 10 of 10