CH 01

CHAPTER 1
Basic Concepts
Section 1.2 Solutions
1.2.1 If the current in an electric conductor is 1.2 A, how many coulombs of charge pass any point in a
30-s interval?
Solution:

I = 1.2 A, Δt = 30 s
Q = I ⋅ Δt
Q = 36 C
1.2.2 Determine the time interval required for a 15-A battery charger to deliver 6000 C.
Solution:

I = 15 A, Q = 6000 C
Q
Δt = _
 
I
Δt = 400 s
1.2.3 If a 12-V battery delivers 100 J in 5 s, find (a) the amount of charge delivered and (b) the current
produced.
Solution:
V = 12 V, ΔW = 100 J in 5 s

ΔW
a. ΔQ =  _
V
ΔQ = 8.33 C
ΔQ
b. I = _
  , Δt = 5 s
Δt
I = 1.67 A
1.2.4 The current in a conductor is 2.5 A. How many coulombs of charge pass any point in a time interval
of 2.5 min?
Solution:

I = 2.5 A, Δt = 2.5 min = 150 s
Q = I ⋅ Δt
Q = 375 C
c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 1 29-Jan-22 12:38:58 PM

2 C HA PTER 1 Basic Concepts
1.2.5 If 90 C of charge pass through an electric conductor in 45 s, determine the current in the conductor.
Solution:

Q = 90 C, Δt = 45 s
Q
I=_
 
Δt
I = 2 A
1.2.6 Calculate the power absorbed by element A in Fig. P1.2.6.
2A
−
10 V A
+
FIGURE P1.2.6
Solution:
−
10 V A
+
−2 A
P A = ( 10)(−2)
PA  = −20 W absorbed

1.2.7 Calculate the power supplied by element A in Fig. P1.2.7.

5A
+
25 V A
−
FIGURE P1.2.7
Solution:
−5 A
+
25 V A
−
PA  = ( 25)(−5)
PA  = −125 W supplied

Solutions to Problems 3
1.2.8 Determine the number of coulombs of charge produced by a 12-A battery charger in 1 h.
Solution:

I = 12 A, Δt = 1 hr = 60 min = 3600 s
Q = I ⋅ Δt
Q = 43.2 kC
1.2.9 The current at a given point in a certain circuit may be written as i(t) = –3 + t A. Find the total
charge passing the point between t = 99 and t = 102 s.
Solution: The charge passing through the circuit is

102 102
99 99
q =     i( t)dt =     (−3 + t) dt
= (−3 × 102 +  102

2) (
 99 ) =  292.5 C
2 2
_   − −3 × 99 + _
2
1.2.10 The charge entering the positive terminal of an element is given by the expression q(t) = –10 e–t
mC. The power delivered to the element is p(t) = 2 e–2t mW. Calculate the current in the element, voltage
across the element and the energy delivered to the element in the interval 0 < t < 100 ms.
Solution:
dq
I = _
  = 10 e  −t mA
dt
Now P = VI, thus V = 0.2 e  −t V, is the voltage across the element.
2
 0
E =   p(t)dt =   2 e  −tdt = 0.362 mJ
1.2.11 The voltage across an element is 12 e  −2tV.The current entering the positive terminal of the
element is 2 e  −2tA.Find the energy absorbed by the element in 1.5 seconds starting from t = 0.
Solution:
V(t)= 12 e   −2t V

i(t)= 2 e   −2t A
t2 1.5
t1 0
W =     V⋅ idt =    (12 e  −2t) ⋅ ( 2 e  −2t)dt
|
( −4t) 1.5
  24 e   
W=_    
−4 0
W = 5.99 J
1.2.12 The power absorbed by the BOX in Fig. P1.2.12 is 2 e  −2tW.Calculate the amount of charge that
enters the BOX between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds.
5e−t V + BOX
−
FIGURE P1.2.12

Solution:
P(t)= 2 e  −2t W

V(t)= 5 e  −t V
P(t)
i(t) = _
  ( ) = 0.4 e  −t A
V t
0.4
Δq(t)= 0.1   i( t) dt
= (−0.4 e  −t) |  0.4
0.1
q(t)= 93.8 mC, 0.1 s < t < 0.4 s
1.2.13 The power absorbed by the BOX in Fig. P1.2.13 is 0 .1 e  −4tW for t ≥ 0s.Calculate the energy
absorbed by the BOX during this same time interval.
10e−2t V + BOX
−
FIGURE P1.2.13
Solution:
P(t)= 0.1 e  −4t W

∞
 0
W =   P  (t)dt =     0.1 e  −4t  dt
|
∞
( −4t)
  0.1 e   
W=_    
−4 0
W = 25 mJ
1.2.14 Five coulombs of charge pass through element E in Fig. P1.2.14 from point A to point B.
If the energy absorbed by the element is 150 J, determine the voltage across the element.
B
+
V1
−
A
FIGURE P1.2.14
Solution:
W = 150 J, Q = 5 C
W = −V1  ⋅ Q
W
V1  = −  _

Q
V1  = −30 V

1.2.15 The current that enters an element is shown in Fig. P1.2.15. Find the charge that enters the
element in the time interval 0 < t < 20 s.
i(t) mA
10
0 10 20 t (s)
FIGURE P1.2.15

Solution:
i( t)= m ⋅ t + b

 10m − 0 = −1m

m = ________
10 − 20
i(t)= −1m ⋅ t + b
10m = −1m ⋅ ( 10 s) + b
b = 20 m
i(t)= ( −t + 20) mA
20
0
q(t)=     i( t)dt
10 20
    20 − t   dt
q(t)=     10 × 10  −3  dt +     _
0 10 1000
|
0  +   1000 (20t −  2 )    
20
q(t) = 10 × 10  −3 ⋅ t|  10 _ 1 t  2
_
10
q(t)= 0.15 C, 0 < t < 20 s
1.2.16 Element A in the diagram in Fig. P1.2.16 absorbs 30 W of power. Calculate Vx.
3A
+
Vx A
−
FIGURE P1.2.16
Solution:
−3 A
+
Vx A
−
30 = Vx  ⋅ ( −3)

Vx  = −10 V

1.2.17 Element B in the diagram in Fig. P1.2.17 supplies 84 W of power. Calculate Ix.
−
24 V B
+
Ix
FIGURE P1.2.17

Solution:
Ix
+
−24 V B
−
84 = ( −24) ⋅ Ix 
Ix  = −3.5 A

1.2.18 Element B in the diagram in Fig. P1.2.18 supplies 72 W of power. Calculate VA.
3A
+
VA B
–
FIGURE P1.2.18
Solution:
–3 A
+ 72 = VA  ⋅ ( −3)

VA B VA  = −24 V
–
1.2.19 Element B in the diagram in Fig. P1.2.19 supplies 90 W of power. Calculate Ix.
+
18 V B
−
Ix
FIGURE P1.2.19
Solution:
90 = ( 18) ⋅ Ix 
Ix  = 5 A

1.2.20 Two elements are connected in series, as shown in Fig. P1.2.20. Element 1 supplies 27 W of power.
Is element 2 absorbing or supplying power, and how much?
+
1 3V
−
−
2 5V
+
FIGURE P1.2.20

Solution:
+
1 3V
−
−
2 5V
+
I
P1  = 27 = V1  ⋅ I
27
_
I =   3 = 9 A
P2  = V2  ⋅ I = ( 5)(9)
P2  = 45 W absorbed

1.2.21 The energy absorbed by the BOX in Fig. P1.2.21 is given below. Calculate and sketch the current
flowing into the BOX. Also calculate the charge that enters the BOX between 0 and 12 s.
i (t)
12 V + BOX
−
w(t) (J)
6 7 8 10 12
1 2 3 4 5 9 11 t (s)
−2.5
FIGURE P1.2.21
Solution:
i(t) (A)
5
24
5
48
4 6 7 8
1 2 3 5 9 10 11 12 t (s)
−5
24

dw
P =  _
dt
P = V ⋅ i = ( 12) ⋅ i
‾
0 s ≤ t ≤ 2 s
 5 − 0 = 2.5 W,
P=_   2.5  =  _
 P = _
i=_ 5   A
2−0 V 12 24
‾
2 s ≤ t ≤ 4 s
 5 − 5 = 0 W,
P=_ i=0A
4−2
‾
4 s ≤ t ≤ 6 s
 0 − 5  = −2.5 W,

P=_  2.5  = −  _
 P = − _
i=_ 5   A
6−4 V 12 24
‾
6 s ≤ t ≤ 7 s
 0 − 0 = 0 W,
P=_ i=0A
7−6
‾
7 s ≤ t ≤ 8 s
 −2.5 − 
P=_ 0 = −2.5 W,  2.5  = −  _
 P = − _
i=_ 5   A
8−7 V 12 24
8 s ≤ t ≤ 10 s
‾
 −2.5 − −2.5
  = 0 W,
( )
P = ___________
   i=0A
10 − 8
  
10 s ≤ t ≤ 12 s
‾
 0 − −2.5  = 1.25 W,   1.25  =  _
 P = _ 5   A
( )
P=_ i=_
12 − 10 V 12 48

q =     idt
q=(
24 ) ( 24  ) ⋅ ( 2)+ ( 24 ) ( 48  ) ⋅ ( 2)
5   ⋅ ( 2)+ −  _
 _ 5 5   ⋅ ( 1)+  _
−  _ 5
q = 0 C
1.2.22 The energy absorbed by the BOX in Fig. P1.2.22 is shown below. How much charge enters the
BOX between 0 and 10 milliseconds?
i (t)
15 V + BOX
−
w(t) (mJ)
15
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t (ms)
−5
−10
−15
FIGURE P1.2.22

Solution:
dw
P =  _
dt
P = V ⋅ i = ( 15) ⋅ i
  
0 s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms
‾
P=_  5m − 0 = 5 W, i=_   5   = _
 P = _   1  A
1m − 0 V 15 3
1  
ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms
‾
P=_ 5m − 5m = 0 W, i=0A
3m − 1m
3 ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
  
‾
P=_ 15m − 5m = 10 W, i=_   10  = _
 P = _   2  A
4m − 3m V 15 3
4  
ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms
‾
 15m − 15m = 0 W,
P = ___________ i=0A
6m − 4m
6 ms ≤ t ≤ 7 ms
  
‾
 10m − 15m = −5 W,
P = ___________ i=_ 5   = − _
 P = − _ 1  A
7m − 6m V 15 3
7  
ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms
‾
 10m − 10m = 0 W,
P = ___________ i=0A
8m − 7m
8 ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
  
‾
P=_  0 − 10m = −5 W, i=_ 5   = − _
 P = − _ 1  A
10m − 8m V 15 3

Δq =    i dt
Δq = (  1 )(1m)+ (
_ _  2 )(1m)+ (  −1 )(1m)+ (
_   −1 )(2m)
_
3 3 3 3
Δq = 0 C

10 C H A PTER 1 Basic Concepts
1.2.23 The energy absorbed by the BOX in Fig. P1.2.23 is shown in the graph below. Calculate and sketch
the current flowing into the BOX between 0 and 10 milliseconds.
i (t)
12 V + BOX
−
w(t) (mJ)
30
20
10
5 6 7
1 2 3 4 8 9 10 t (ms)
−10
−20
−30
FIGURE P1.2.23
Solution:
i(t) (A)
5
6
t (ms)
−5
6
−5
3
dw
P =  _
dt
P = V ⋅ i = ( 12) ⋅ i
0  
s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms
‾
10m − 0 = 10 W,
P =  _  P = _
i=_   5  A
  10  = _
1m − 0 V 12 6
1  
ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms
‾
10m − 10m = 0 W,
P =  _ i=0A
3m − 1m
3  
ms ≤ t ≤ 4 ms
‾
0 − 10m = −10 W,
P =  _  P = − _
i=_ 5  A
10  = − _
4m − 3m V 12 6
4  
ms ≤ t ≤ 5 ms
‾
0 − 0 = 0 W,
P =  _ i=0A
5m − 4m

5  
ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms
‾
−20m − 0 = −20 W,
P =  _  P = − _
i=_ 5  A
20  = − _
6m − 5m V 12 3
6  
ms ≤ t ≤ 7 ms
‾
−20m
     − ( −20m)= 0 W,
P =  ____________ i=0A
7m − 6m
7  
ms ≤ t ≤ 9 ms
‾
0 − (−20m)= 10 W,
P =  _  P = _
i=_   5  A
  10  = _
9m − 7m V 12 6
‾
 t > 9 ms 
P = 0 W, i = 0 A
1.2.24 1  = 42 W. Is element 2 absorbing or supplying power, and how much?
(a) In Fig. P1.2.24(a), P
2  = −72 W.Is element 1 absorbing or supplying power, and how much?
(b) In Fig. P1.2.24(b), P
+ −
1 14 V 1 5V
− +
+ +
2 6V 2 18 V
− −
(a) (b)
FIGURE P1.2.24
Solution:
I
+
1 14 V
−
+
2 6V
−
a) P1  = 42 = V1  ⋅ I

42 = 3 A
I =  _
14
P 2 = V2  ⋅ I = ( 6)(3)

I
−
1 5V
+
+
2 18 V
−
b) P2  = −72 = −V2  ⋅ I

−72 = 4 A
I =  _
−18
P 1 = V1  ⋅ I = ( 5)(4)


1.2.25 The charge that enters the BOX in Fig. P1.2.25 is shown in the graph below. Calculate and sketch
the current flowing into and the power absorbed by the BOX between 0 and 10 milliseconds.
i (t)
12 V + BOX
−
q(t) (mC)
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 t (ms)
−1
−2
−3
FIGURE P1.2.25
Solution:
dq
i(t) =  _
dt
P = V ⋅ i = ( 12) ⋅ i
0  
s ≤ t ≤ 1 ms
‾
1m − 1m = 0 A,
i =  _ P=0W
1m − 0
1  
ms ≤ t ≤ 2 ms
‾
0 − 1m = −1 A,
i =  _ P = ( 12)(−1)= −12 W
2m − 1m
2  
ms ≤ t ≤ 3 ms
‾
0 − 0 = 0 A,
i =  _ P=0W
3m − 2m
3  
ms ≤ t ≤ 5 ms
‾
−2m − 0 = −1 A,
i =  _ P = ( 12)(−1)= −12 W
5m − 3m
5  
ms ≤ t ≤ 6 ms
‾
3m − (−2m)= 5 A,
i =  ___________ P = ( 12)(5)= 60 W
6m − 5m
  
6 ms ≤ t ≤ 8 ms
‾
1m − 3m = −1 A,
i =  _ P = ( 12)(−1)= −12 W
8m − 6m

8  
ms ≤ t ≤ 9 ms
‾
1m − 1m = 0 A,
i =  _ P=0W
9m − 8m
9  
ms ≤ t ≤ 10 ms
‾
0 − 1m = −1 A,
i =  _ P = ( 12)(−1)= −12 W
10m − 9m
i(t) (A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
−1 t (ms)
P(t) (W)
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
−12 t (ms)
Section 1.3 Solutions

1.3.1 Find Vx in the network in Fig. P1.3.1 using Tellegen’s theorem.
20 V
1A + −
1 −+ 2 3
+ − + V −
16 V 36 V x
10 V − − 15 V
+ +
FIGURE P1.3.1
Solution:
P10
  V = ( 10)(1)= 10 W → 10 W absorbed
P1  = ( 16)( 1)= 16 W → 16 W absorbed

P36
  V = ( −36)( 1)= −36 W → 36 W supplied
P2  =V x( 1)= Vx  W → Vx  W absorbed

P3  = ( 20)( 1)= 20 W → 20 W absorbed

P15
  V = ( −15)( 1)= −15 W → 15 W supplied
P sup = Pabs
 
36 + 15 = 10 + 16 + Vx  + 20
Vx  = 5 V


1.3.2 Find the power that is absorbed or supplied by the circuit elements in Fig. P1.3.2.
9V 8V
+ − 3A Ix = 4 A + −
1 1
+ +
30 V 3A + 21 V 16 V 4A + 2Ix
− −
− −
3A 4A
(a) (b)
FIGURE P1.3.2
Solution:
a. P 3 A = ( −30) ⋅ ( 3)= −90 W

P3  A= 90 W supplied

P 1 = ( 9) ⋅ ( 3)= 27 W absorbed
P2  1 V = ( 21) ⋅ ( 3)= 63 W absorbed

b. P 4 A = ( −16)( 4)= −64 W

P4  A= 64 W supplied

P 1 = ( 8)(4)= 32 W absorbed
P2  IX  = [ 2(4)] ⋅ ( 4)= 32 W absorbed

1.3.3 Compute the power that is absorbed or supplied by the elements in the network in Fig. P1.3.3.
12 V 1Ix
Ix = 4 A + −
2A
1 −+
2A
+ +
36 V + 2 24 V 3 28 V
−
− −
FIGURE P1.3.3
Solution:
P36
  V = ( −36) ⋅ Ix  = ( −36)( 4)= −144 W
P3  6 V= 144 W supplied
P1  = ( 12) ⋅ Ix  = ( 12) ⋅ ( 4)= 48 W absorbed

P2  = ( 24) ⋅ ( 2)= 48 W absorbed
P1
  Ix  = [ −1(4)] ⋅ ( 2)= −8 W
P1  Ix  = 8 W supplied
P3  = ( 28) ⋅ ( 2)= 56 W absorbed
1.3.4 Find Ix in the circuit in Fig. P1.3.4 using Tellegen’s theorem.

4V 8V 18 V 12 V
2A + − + − + − +−
2A Ix Ix
+ +
+ 24 V 12 V 2A 6V
−
− −
FIGURE P1.3.4

Solution:
P 24 V = ( −24)( 2)= −48 W → 48 W supplied
P 4 V = ( 4)(2)= 8 W → 8 W absorbed
P 8 V = ( 8)(2)= 16 W → 16 W absorbed
P 2 A = ( −12)(2)= −24 W → 24 W supplied
P 18 V = ( 18)(Ix  )= 18Ix  W → 18Ix  W absorbed

P 12 V = ( −12)(Ix  )= −12Ix  W → 12Ix  W supplied
P 6 V = ( 6)(Ix  )= 6Ix  W → 6Ix  W absorbed
P  sup = P  abs
48 + 24 + 12Ix  = 8 + 16 + 18Ix  + 6Ix 
Ix  = 4 A

1.3.5 Is the source, Vs, in the network in Fig. P1.3.5 absorbing or supplying power, and how much?
4V VS
+ −
−+
2A 6A 4A
− − −
8V 6A 12 V 6V
+ + +
2A
FIGURE P1.3.5
Solution:
P8  V = ( 8)(2)= 16 W → 16 W absorbed
P4  V = ( 4)( 2)= 8 W → 8 W absorbed

P6  A = ( −12)( 6)= −72 W → 72 W supplied

PV  s  = Vs  ( 4)= 4 V s  W → 4 Vs  W absorbed

P6  V = ( 6)( 4)= 24 W → 24 W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

72 = 16 + 8 + 4 Vs  + 24
Vs  = 6 V

PV  s  = ( 6)( 4)= 24 W absorbed

1.3.6 Calculate the power absorbed by each element in the circuit in Fig. P1.3.6. Also, verify that
Tellegen’s theorem is satisfied by this circuit.
10 V
4A + −
3
5V 5V
+ − + −
2 4
1A 3A
40 V + 15 V +
− + −
5A 30 V 4A 1A
− +
−
5V 1 10 V 5
+ −
FIGURE P1.3.6

Solution:
P40
  V = ( −40)( 5)= −200 W → 200 W supplied

P4  A = ( 30)( 4)= 120 W → 120 W absorbed
P1  5 V = ( 15)( 1)= 15 W → 15 W absorbed

P1  = ( 5)( 5)= 25 W → 25 W absorbed

P2  = ( 5)( 1)= 5 W → 5 W absorbed

P3  = ( 10)( 4)= 40 W → 40 W absorbed

P4  = ( −5)( 3)= −15 W → 15 W supplied

P5  = ( 10)( 1)= 10 W → 10 W absorbed

Psup
  − Pabs
  = 0

(200 + 15)− ( 120 + 15 + 25 + 5 + 40 + 10)= 0
)− ( 215)= 0
(215
1.3.7 Find the power that is absorbed or supplied by the network elements in Fig. P1.3.7.
16 V
Ix = 4 A + − 4A
1
24 V + + 2Ix
− −
4A
(a)
24 V 20 V
+ −
−+ 1
2A Ix = 2 A
2A
+
+ 4Ix 2 12 V
−
−
2A
(b)
FIGURE P1.3.7
Solution:
24  V = ( −24)(4)= −96 W
a. P

P1  = ( 16)(4)= 64 W absorbed
P2
  Ix  = [ 2 ⋅ ( 4)] ⋅ ( 4)= 32 W absorbed
b. P4
  Ix  = [ −4(2)] ⋅ ( 2)= −16 W
P4  Ix  = 16 W supplied

P24
  V = ( −24)(2)= −48 W

P1  = ( 20) ⋅ ( 2)= 40 W absorbed
P2  = ( 12) ⋅ ( 2)= 24 W absorbed


1.3.8 Find the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.8.

6V 4V
− + + −
1 2
Ix 2A
+
18 V + 24 V + 2Ix 20 V
− −
−
Ix
FIGURE P1.3.8
Solution:
P 18 V = ( −18) ⋅ I x  = −18Ix  W → 18 ⋅ Ix  W supplied
P1  = ( −6) ⋅ I x  = −6Ix  W → 6 ⋅ Ix  W supplied

P2  4 V = ( −24) ⋅ ( 2)= −48 W → 48 W supplied

P2  = ( 4) ⋅ ( 2Ix  ) = 8Ix  W → 8 ⋅ Ix  W absorbed

P2  Ix  = ( 20)( 2Ix  ) = 40Ix  W → 40Ix  W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

18
Ix  + 6Ix  + 48 = 8Ix  + 40Ix 

Ix  = 2 A
P 1 = ( −6) ⋅ ( 2)= −12 W

P1  = 12 W supplied
1.3.9 Find Ix in the network in Fig. P1.3.9.

1Ix
Ix + 8 V −
1 −+
2A 2A
+ +
24 V + 2 16 V 3 20 V
−
− −
FIGURE P1.3.9
Solution:
P2  4 V = ( −24) ⋅ I x  = −24I x W → 24 ⋅ Ix  W supplied

P1  = ( 8) ⋅ I x  = 8Ix  W → 8 ⋅ Ix  W absorbed

P2  = ( 16) ⋅ ( 2)= 32 W → 32 W absorbed

P1  Ix  = [ −1(Ix  ) ] ⋅ 2 = −2 ⋅ Ix  W → 2 · Ix  W supplied

P3  = ( 20) ⋅ ( 2)= 40 W → 40 W absorbed
P sup = Pabs
 
24x + 2 ⋅ Ix  = 8Ix  + 32 + 40

I x= 4 A

1.3.10 Find the power that is absorbed or supplied by the network elements in Fig. P1.3.10.
FIGURE P1.3.10
Solution:
a. P1= (2)(2) = 4 W absorbed
P2Ix = (2.2) (2) = 8 W absorbed
P6v = (−6)(2) = −12 W
P6v = 12 W supplied
b. P1= (24)(1) = 24 V absorbed
P2v = (14)(1) = 14V absorbed
P4Ix = 4 W supplied
P34v = 34 W supplied
1.3.11 Determine the power absorbed by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.11.

16 V 12 V
Ix + − + −
1 2
2A
+ +
48 V + 32 V 2Ix 3 20 V
− − −
FIGURE P1.3.11
Solution:
P48
  V = ( −48) ⋅ Ix  = −48 ⋅ Ix  W → 48 ⋅ Ix  W supplied
P1  = ( 16) ⋅ Ix  = 16Ix  W → 16 ⋅ Ix  W absorbed

P2  Ix  = ( 32) ⋅ ( 2Ix  ) = 64 ⋅ Ix  W → 64 I x W absorbed

P2  = ( −12)( 2)= −24 W → 24 W supplied

P3  = ( −20)( 2)= −40 W → 40 W supplied

Psup
  = Pabs
 
Ix  + 24 + 40 = 16Ix  + 64Ix 
48

Ix  = 2 A

P1  = ( 16)(2)= 32 W absorbed


1.3.12 Find the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.12.
4V 12 V
+ −
1 −+
4A
+ + + +
4Ix 12 V 2 8V 3 20 V 4 20 V
− − − −
4A 2A Ix
FIGURE P1.3.12
Solution:
P4  Ix  = ( −12) ⋅ ( 4Ix  )= −48Ix  W → 48Ix  W supplied

P1  = ( 4)( 4Ix  ) = 16Ix  W → 16Ix  W absorbed

P2  = ( 8)( 4)= 32 W → 32 W absorbed

P1  2 V = ( −12)( 4)= −48 W → 48 W supplied

P3  = ( 20)( 2)= 40 W → 40 W absorbed

P4  = ( 20) ⋅ I x  = 20Ix  W → 20Ix  W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

Ix  + 48 = 16Ix  + 32 + 40 + 20Ix 
48

Ix  = 2 A

P  = 16(2)= 32 W absorbed
1
1.3.13 Find Io in the network in Fig. P1.3.13 using Tellegen’s theorem.
8V
6A+ −
1
4A
+
24 V + 2 10 V Ix=2 A
−
−
6V +
− +
3 4 16 V
Io −
+
4Ix + 5 6V
−
−
3A 8V
− + 1A
6
3A
FIGURE P1.3.13
Solution:
P2  4 V = ( −24)(6)= −144 W → 144 W supplied

P4
  Ix  = [ −4(2)] ( 3)= −24 W → 24 W supplied
P1  = ( 8)( 6)= 48 W → 48 W absorbed

P2  = ( 10)( 4)= 40 W → 40 W absorbed
P3  = ( 6) ⋅ I o  = 6Io  W → 6Io  W absorbed

P4  = ( 16)( 2)= 32 W → 32 W absorbed

P5  = ( 6)( 1)= 6 W → 6 W absorbed

P6  = ( 8)( 3)= 24 W → 24 W absorbed
Ps  up = Pa  bs

144 + 24 = 48 + 40 + 6Io  + 32 + 6 + 24

Io  = 3 A


1.3.14 Calculate the power absorbed by each element in the circuit in Fig. P1.3.14. Also, verify that
Tellegen’s theorem is satisfied by this circuit.
3Ix 24 V
+ −
−+ 5
2A
2A
12 V 6V 9V
+ − + − − +
1 2 4
2A 4A
4A
+ +
24 V + 12 V 6A 6V 3 15 V +
− −
− −
4A Ix = 2 A
FIGURE P1.3.14
Solution:
P3  Ix  = [ −3(2)] ⋅ ( 2)= −12 W → 12 W supplied
P2  4 V = ( −24)( 4)= −96 W → 96 W supplied

P6  A = ( 12)( 6)= 72 W → 72 W absorbed

P15
  V = ( −15)( 4)= −60 W → 60 W supplied

P1  = ( 12)( 2)= 24 W → 24 W absorbed

P2  = ( −6)( 4)= −24 W → 24 W supplied
P3  = ( 6)( 2)= 12 W → 12 W absorbed

P4  = ( 9)( 4)= 36 W → 36 W absorbed

P5  = ( 24)( 2)= 48 W → 48 W absorbed
Psup
  − Pabs
  = 0

(12 + 96 + 60 + 24)− ( 72 + 24 + 12 + 36 + 48)= 0
)− ( 192)= 0
(192
1.3.15 In the circuit in Fig. P1.3.15, element 1 absorbs 40 W, element 2 supplies 50 W, element 3 supplies
25 W, and element 4 absorbs 15 W. How much power is supplied by element 5?
FIGURE P1.3.15
Solution:
P supplied =
P absorbed
P2  + P 3 + P 5 = P1  + P 4

50 + 25 P 5 = 40 + 15
P 5 = −20 W supplied or P 5 = 20 W absorbed

© John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or the author, All rights reserved. Instructors who are authorized users of this
course are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the course. Except
as permitted herein or by law, no part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise.

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CHAPTER 1

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 1 29-Jan-22 12:38:58 PM

1.2.6 Calculate the power absorbed by element A in Fig. P1.2.6.

1.2.7 Calculate the power supplied by element A in Fig. P1.2.7.

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 2 29-Jan-22 12:38:59 PM

Solution: The charge passing through the circuit is

= ​​(−3 × 102 + ​ 102

V​(t)​= 12 e​ ​​ −2t​ V

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 3 29-Jan-22 12:38:59 PM

q​(t)​= 93.8 mC, 0.1 s < t < 0.4 s​

P​(t)​= 0.1 ​e​​ −4t​ W

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 4 29-Jan-22 12:39:00 PM

​ 10m − 0 ​= −1m

q​(t)​= 0.15 C, 0 < t < 20 s​

​30 = ​Vx​ ​​ ⋅ (​ −3)​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 5 29-Jan-22 12:39:01 PM

+ ​ 72 = ​VA​ ​​ ⋅ (​ −3)​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 6 29-Jan-22 12:39:03 PM

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 7 29-Jan-22 12:39:04 PM

​ 0 − 5 ​ = −2.5 W,​​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 8 29-Jan-22 12:39:04 PM

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 9 29-Jan-22 12:39:04 PM

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 10 29-Jan-22 12:39:06 PM

a) ​​P1​ ​​= 42 = ​V1​ ​​ ⋅ I

b) ​​P2​ ​​= −72 = −​V2​ ​​ ⋅ I

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 11 29-Jan-22 12:39:07 PM

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 12 29-Jan-22 12:39:08 PM

Section 1.3 Solutions

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 13 29-Jan-22 12:39:08 PM

a. ​​P​ 3 A​​ = (​ −30)​ ⋅ (​ 3)​= −90 W

b. ​​P​ 4 A​​ = (​ −16)(​​ 4)​= −64 W

​P1​ ​​ = (​ 12)​ ⋅ ​Ix​ ​​ = (​ 12)​ ⋅ (​ 4)​= 48 W absorbed

​P3​ ​​ = (​ 28)​ ⋅ (​ 2)​= 56 W absorbed​

1.3.4 Find Ix in the circuit in Fig. P1.3.4 using Tellegen’s theorem.

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 14 29-Jan-22 12:39:09 PM

​P​V​ s​ ​​​​ = ​Vs​ (​​​ 4)​= 4 V​ s​ ​​ W → 4 ​Vs​ ​​ W absorbed

​Ps​ up​​ = ​Pa​ bs​​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 15 29-Jan-22 12:39:10 PM

​ P3​ ​​ = (​ 10)(​​ 4)​= 40 W → 40 W absorbed

​P2​ 4 V​​= 48 W supplied​

​P2​ ​​ = (​ 12)​ ⋅ (​ 2)​= 24 W absorbed​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 16 29-Jan-22 12:39:10 PM

1.3.8 Find the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.8.

​Ps​ up​​ = ​Pa​ bs​​

​​P​ 1​​ = (​ −6)​ ⋅ (​ 2)​= −12 W

1.3.9 Find Ix in the network in Fig. P1.3.9.

​P2​ 4 V​​ = (​ −24)​ ⋅ I​ x​ ​​ = −24I​ x​​ W → 24 ⋅ ​Ix​ ​​ W supplied

​P1​ ​​​Ix​ ​​ = [​ −1​(​Ix​ )​​ ]​ ​ ⋅ 2 = −2 ⋅ ​Ix​ ​​ W → 2 · ​Ix​ ​​ W supplied

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 17 29-Jan-22 12:39:11 PM

1.3.11 Determine the power absorbed by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.11.

​ P2​ ​​ = (​ −12)(​​ 2)​= −24 W → 24 W supplied

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 18 29-Jan-22 12:39:12 PM

1.3.12 Find the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in Fig. P1.3.12.

​P4​ ​Ix​ ​​​​ = (​ −12)​ ⋅ (​ 4​Ix​ ​​)​= −48​Ix​ ​​ W → 48​Ix​ ​​ W supplied

​Ps​ up​​ = ​Pa​ bs​​

​P2​ 4 V​​ = (​ −24)​​(6)​= −144 W → 144 W supplied

​ P4​ ​​ = (​ 16)(​​ 2)​= 32 W → 32 W absorbed

​Ps​ up​​ = ​Pa​ bs​​

c01SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 19 29-Jan-22 12:39:13 PM

= (−3 × 102 +  102

V(t)= 12 e   −2t V

q(t)= 93.8 mC, 0.1 s < t < 0.4 s

P(t)= 0.1 e  −4t W

 10m − 0 = −1m

q(t)= 0.15 C, 0 < t < 20 s

30 = Vx  ⋅ ( −3)

+ 72 = VA  ⋅ ( −3)

 0 − 5  = −2.5 W,

a) P1  = 42 = V1  ⋅ I

b) P2  = −72 = −V2  ⋅ I

a. P 3 A = ( −30) ⋅ ( 3)= −90 W

b. P 4 A = ( −16)( 4)= −64 W

P1  = ( 12) ⋅ Ix  = ( 12) ⋅ ( 4)= 48 W absorbed

P3  = ( 28) ⋅ ( 2)= 56 W absorbed

PV  s  = Vs  ( 4)= 4 V s  W → 4 Vs  W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

P3  = ( 10)( 4)= 40 W → 40 W absorbed

P2  4 V= 48 W supplied

P2  = ( 12) ⋅ ( 2)= 24 W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

P 1 = ( −6) ⋅ ( 2)= −12 W

P2  4 V = ( −24) ⋅ I x  = −24I x W → 24 ⋅ Ix  W supplied

P1  Ix  = [ −1(Ix  ) ] ⋅ 2 = −2 ⋅ Ix  W → 2 · Ix  W supplied

P2  = ( −12)( 2)= −24 W → 24 W supplied

P4  Ix  = ( −12) ⋅ ( 4Ix  )= −48Ix  W → 48Ix  W supplied

Ps  up = Pa  bs

P2  4 V = ( −24)(6)= −144 W → 144 W supplied

P4  = ( 16)( 2)= 32 W → 32 W absorbed

Ps  up = Pa  bs

P2  + P 3 + P 5 = P1  + P 4