ARTICLE WRITING

An article must be organized in a proper way so as to draw the attention of the readers. The basic outline for
an article writing format is

1. Heading / Title

2. A line having the writer’s name

3. Body (the main part of the article, 2 – 3 paragraphs)

4. Conclusion (Ending paragraph of the article with the opinion or recommendation, anticipation or an
appeal)

INTERVIEW FORMAT

Read the questions given in the question paper and then separate bullet point in a separate paragraph. Look
below

Interviewer: (First Question)

Interviewee: (5-7 lined paragraph)

Interviewer: (Second Question)

Interviewee: (5-7 lined paragraph)

Interviewer: (Third Question)

Interviewee: (5-7 lined paragraph)

JOURNAL FORMAT
Read the questions given in the question paper and then separate bullet point in a separate paragraph.

3 Bullet points means 3 paragraphs. No need for ‘Dear Diary and all that. Just start directly as per the first
bullet point.

SPEECH FORMAT

Simply start your speech with the opening given in the question or else you can generate your own opening as
such,

Fellow peers and respected teachers, a very good day to you all. My name is ______________ and today we
will be discussing ………

Then separate each bullet into a separate paragraph and conclude your speech saying,

Thank you for considering my perspective. Have a great day.

NEWSREPORT FORMAT

• When you plan your newspaper report, remember that they usually provide the answers to the
questions WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN , WHY, HOW?

• START with the Headline

• the headline catches the reader's attention
• the first paragraph gives the main point of the story and answers the question who
• the following paragraphs provide answers to the questions what, where, when, why and how
• the paragraphs are short and punchy, giving information in a clear and concise way
• there are references to what people said, either using direct speech (use of inverted commas indicates
what Ken Brown actually said) or reported speech (no inverted commas - the main points of Chris
Brodie's speech but not in the actual words he said)
• use of past tense because the report refers to an event which has already taken place
• use of columns in accordance with newspaper presentation

Persuasive Writing Format for all types in Directed Writing Paper 2 (Persuasive Article, Speech or Letter):

● Introduction: Sentences that engage the reader’s attention should be included in the introduction.
Additionally, 2–3 sentences should be included to elaborate the thesis statement.

● Body: Body paragraphs should be concise and informative. Topic sentence or main idea should be
included in each paragraph. The relevant facts and quotes can be added in the body along with the
concrete details. Counterstatements should be incorporated in the body of the persuasive essay.

● Conclusion: Conclusion or the last paragraph is important in persuasive essay writing. Conclusion shows a
summarized view or perception about the topic. The thesis statement should be restated in this
paragraph. The added points as well as the arguments are tied together and finally, the conclusion
presents an acceptable information.
WRITER’S EFFECT FORMAT
This is the basic structure to follow when writing out the Writer’s Effect. Of course you can change it
accordingly. This has been given for those who have a hard time in structuring each selected phrase.

ESSAY WRITING
A basic essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Following this format will help
you write and organize an essay. However, flexibility is important. While keeping this basic essay format in
mind, let the topic and specific assignment guide the writing and organization.
Parts of an Essay
Introduction
The introduction guides your reader into the paper by introducing the topic. It should begin with a hook that
catches the reader’s interest. This hook could be a quote, an analogy, a question, etc. After getting the reader’s
attention, the introduction should give some background information on the topic. The ideas within the
introduction should be general enough for the reader to understand the main claim and gradually become
more specific to lead into the thesis statement. (See the Introductions handout for further information.)
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement concisely states the main idea or argument of the essay, sets limits on the topic, and can
indicate the organization of the essay. The thesis works as a road map for the entire essay, showing the readers
what you have to say and which main points you will use to support your ideas.
Body
The body of the essay supports the main points presented in the thesis. Each point is developed by one or
more paragraphs and supported with specific details. These details can include support from research and
experiences, depending on the assignment.
Transitions
Transitions connect paragraphs to each other and to the thesis. They are used within and between paragraphs
to help the paper flow from one topic to the next. These transitions can be one or two words (“first,” “next,”
“in addition,” etc.) or one or two sentences that bring the reader to the next main point. The topic sentence of
a paragraph often serves as a transition.
Conclusion
The conclusion brings together all the main points of the essay. It refers back to the thesis statement and
leaves readers with a final thought and sense of closure by resolving any ideas brought up in the essay. It may
also address the implications of the argument. In the conclusion, new topics or ideas that were not developed
in the paper should not be introduced.
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Parts of a Paragraph
In an essay, a paragraph discusses one idea in detail that supports the thesis of the essay. Each paragraph in
the body of the paper should include a topic sentence, supporting details to support the topic sentence, and a
concluding sentence. The paragraph’s purpose and scope will determine its length, but most paragraphs
contain at least two complete sentences. For more information on this topic, see the Basic Paragraph Format
handout.
Topic Sentence
The main idea of each paragraph is stated in a topic sentence that shows how the idea relates to the thesis.
Generally, the topic sentence is placed at the beginning of a paragraph, but the location and placement may
vary according to individual organization and audience expectation. Topic sentences often serve as transitions
between paragraphs.
Supporting Details
Supporting details elaborate upon the topic sentences and thesis. Supporting details should be drawn from a
variety of sources determined by the assignment guidelines and genre, and should include the writer’s own
analysis.
Concluding Sentence
Each paragraph should end with a final statement that brings together the ideas brought up in the paragraph.
Sometimes, it can serve as a transition to the next paragraph.
Unity and Coherence Proper essay and paragraph format not only helps to achieve unity and coherence but
also enhances the reader’s understanding. Well-worded topic sentences and concluding sentences will also
help maintain unity throughout the essay.
∙ Unity is the continuity of a single idea (the thesis) throughout the essay. Each detail and example should
develop logically and refer back to the original focus.
∙ Coherence means that each point should be linked to the previous and following points to help the essay flow
and progress logically and clearly. An easy way to link paragraphs together is through transitions in each
paragraph’s topic sentence.