Murs

Safety Practices
& Sports Injury
Management
submitted by:
Ela Marie Pinanonang
STEM XI-Io
Common Sports
g athletic
Sports injuries occur durin
n. The
activities or physical exertio
Injuries following are some of the mo
st
injuries.
commonly occurring sports
tched, torn,
A strain is an overstre
uscle.
or twisted tendon or m
eas include
Commonly strained ar
d back.
the legs, knees, feet, an
Strain
A sprain is a stretching
or tearing of
ligaments. The most co
mmon
location for a sprain is
in your ankle.
Sprai
n
usually in a
A fracture is a break,
ne punctures
bone. If the broken bo
open or
the skin, it is called an
compound fracture.
re
Fractu
A dislocation is a joint
injury that
forces the ends of your bo
nes out of
position. You can disloc
ate your
ankles, knees, shoulders,
hips,
elbows, jaw, fingers, and
toes.
D is lo ca ti on
A concussion is a traumatic brain

injury that affects your brain
function. Concussions are usually
caused by a blow to the head.
ssion
Concu
Injury
Assessment
In the assessment of
injuries in the sports
context, there are three
step-by-step mnemonic
procedures that are used
and overlap with each
other.
1. First aid DRSABCD
2. On field STOP
3. Off field TOTAPS

DRSABCD
Check for any dangers to yourself, any

bystanders, and the injured person. Do not
DANGER
put yourself in harm's way to assist
another person.
Check whether the injured person is

conscious. Communicate in a loud
voice. If there is a response, proceed
RESPONSE
to STOP. If there is no response,
proceed through SABCD.
If the situation calls for

emergency services,
send/shout/summon someone
S END FOR HELP for help. Dial emergency hotline
and answer the operator's
questions.
Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open their
airway. Open the person's mouth. If the
person’s mouth is clear, tilt their head
gently back and check for breathing. If
the person’s mouth is not clear, place the AIRWAY
person on their side, open their mouth
and clear any obstructions, then tilt the
head back and check for breathing.
Check for breathing by looking for

chest movements, listening, and
feeling for breaths. If the person is
B REATHING unconscious but breathing, turn them
onto their side, carefully ensuring that
you keep their head, neck, and spine in
alignment.
If the person is unconscious and not breathing,

make sure they are flat on their back, place the
heel of one hand in the center of the person's
chest and your other hand on top. Press down
firmly to compress 1/3 of the person's chest
depth. Do this 30 times and give 2 breaths (lift C PR
the chin, pinch nostrils, blow firmly into their
mouth) at 5 repetitions every 2 minutes. Do this
until other medical authorities arrive or the
injured person responds.
For an unconscious person who
is not breathing, apply an
automated external defibrillator
(AED), if one is available. Follow
the instructions and voice
prompts. If the person responds
DEFIBRILLATOR to defibrillation, turn them onto
their side and tilt their head to
maintain their airway. If the
patient is a child, make sure the
AED is suitable to use on a
minor.
DANGER RESPONSE SEND FOR HELP
AIRWAY BREATHING CPR
DEFIBRILLATOR
STOP
The injured athlete is stopped from further

participating and the game is stopped only S TOP
when necessary.
Talk to the injured athlete. What happened?

How did it happen? What do they feel? Where
T ALK does it hurt? Does it hurt anywhere else? Have
you injured this part before?
Observe the injured athlete and the

area. Observe the injury: any swelling?
any difference compared to the other
side/limb? or tenderness when
touched? If the player can move the OBSERVE
injured part: does moving hurt? is the
range of movement restricted?
compared to normal or to the other
side/limb, how does it feel?
P REVENT FURTHER INJURY
You must assess the level of the injury:

Minor injury - play on but must also undergo PRICER
treatment.
Less severe injury - apply the PRICER treatment on
the athlete
Severe - call for an ambulance
TOTAPS
Talk to the athlete in order to gather as much

information about the injury as possible. It's
important to gather information around the
T ALK symptoms of the injury, which might include:
pain or other things felt such as grating or
cracking.
Observe the injured area. Compare
both limbs/sides of the body to
determine signs of injury (obvious
OBSERVE
abnormalities, swelling, redness, blood,
etc.) If the signs exist, then assessment
is stopped and first aid is applied.
Touch the injured area to see where the pain

begins moving along the limb or injured side
T OUCH towards the site of injury. If an abnormality
or excessive pain exists when touched, then
assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.
ACTIVE MOVEMENT
Ask the injured athlete to move the injured area to see if they
have full range of motion around the injured site and that the
movement is pain free. Place a hand on the injured area to feel
for any grating during the movement. If excessive pain exists,
assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
You move the injured area for the injured athlete, applying
force to the area such as pulling or pushing the joint as well
as moving the joint through its full range of motion. If there
is no pain and there's full range of motion then the next step
applies. But if the injured athlete reports pain or a lack of
mobility, then assessment is stopped and first aid is applied.
S KILLS TEST
Assesses the injury to determine if the injured area can
undergo the forces often found in the sport being played.
Skills tests are specific to the sport and progress from basic
low intensity movements to the faster, more powerful and
forceful activities, from no equipment to full range of
equipment. If a player fails because of pain, then first aid is
applied. Most injuries by this point aren't likely to be
serious ones.
Injury
Treatment
In the treatment of sports
injuries, the following are
some of the common
mnemonic procedures
used while waiting for
professional medical aid
to arrive.
1. PRICER method
2. No HARM
PRICER
Protect the athlete and the area

being treated from further injury but
also protect yourself. If the athlete
P ROTECTION can move, carefully move them to a
safer area using a stretcher or a
crutch, but if there is any doubt, do
not move the injured athlete.
Remove the athlete from the field and

rest/immobilize the injured area to avoid
further tissue damage and reduce any blood R EST
loss.
Apply ice on the injured area for 15-20 minutes to

decrease swelling and pain. However, any loss of
ICE sensation and any changes in tissue coloration in
areas other than the area that is being iced indicate
that the application is no longer safe.
Wrap the injured area with an
elastic bandage or compression
sleeve. Start wrapping farthest
away from the injured area to
the heart and make sure to C OMPRESSION
cover half of the previously
wrapped area. Must be firm yet
comfortable. Any tingling or
pain means it's too tight.
Keep the injured area/limb elevated to

allow excess fluid to be pumped back
E LEVATION into the blood vessel system and
prevent further swelling.
Refer the injured athlete to a medical

professional or physiotherapist for R EFERRAL
proper diagnosis and treatment.
No
HARM
(NO)
Avoid applying hot packs to the injured area
HEAT or going to spas and saunas since it increases
blood flow to the injured area, resulting in
swelling.
Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages as

(NO)
it can inhibit your ability to feel if your
injury is becoming more aggravated. It ALCOHOL
also increases blood flow and swelling
and may be toxic to the injured area.
(NO) Avoid any activities that may

R E-INJURY aggravate the injury and cause further
damage.
Avoid rubbing, massaging, or (NO)

mobilizing the injured area as it
MASSAGE
worsens the blood flow and swelling.
Injury
Prevention
It is vital to incorporate
primary injury
1.preven
PRICER tion and make
method
this a public health
priority as this will
have significant
implications for
reducing long-term
consequences of sports-
related musculoskeletal
injuries.
To reduce the risk of injury:
Take time off. Have at least one day off per week from
a particular sport to allow your body to recover.
Wear the right gear. Athletes should wear
appropriate and properly fit protective equipment.
Strengthen muscles. Conditioning exercises during
practice strengthen muscles used in play.
Increase flexibility. Have stretching exercises after
games/practice and in your daily fitness routine.
Use the proper technique. Follow proper techniques
to avoid injuring yourself doing a wrong maneuver.
Take breaks. Rest periods during practice and games
can reduce injuries and prevent heat illnesses.
Play safe. Strictly follow the rules of the game to avoid
undue accidents.
Do not play through the pain. Stop playing as to not
further aggravate the injury.
Avoid heat illnesses. Drink plenty of fluids before,
during, and after a game/practice.
Play safely.
Treat it properly.
Disclaimer
Images and information used in this project
are not owned by the author. Full credits to
the original sources.

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Safety Practices

& Sports Injury

A concussion is a traumatic brain

1. First aid DRSABCD

3. Off field TOTAPS

Check for any dangers to yourself, any

Check whether the injured person is

If the situation calls for

Check for breathing by looking for

If the person is unconscious and not breathing,

DANGER RESPONSE SEND FOR HELP

AIRWAY BREATHING CPR

The injured athlete is stopped from further

Talk to the injured athlete. What happened?

Observe the injured athlete and the

You must assess the level of the injury:

Talk to the athlete in order to gather as much

Touch the injured area to see where the pain

Protect the athlete and the area

Remove the athlete from the field and

Apply ice on the injured area for 15-20 minutes to

Keep the injured area/limb elevated to

Refer the injured athlete to a medical

Avoid consuming alcoholic beverages as

(NO) Avoid any activities that may

Avoid rubbing, massaging, or (NO)

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