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    EM3 Module 13

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    Jerimay Lao
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, including phones, phonemes, and allophones. It describes the articulation of consonants and characterization of vowels. Syllable structure and prosody are also covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    EM3 Module 13

    Uploaded by

    Jerimay Lao
    17 views5 pages
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, including phones, phonemes, and allophones. It describes the articulation of consonants and characterization of vowels. Syllable structure and prosody are also covered.

    Original Description:

    BSED ENGLISH MAJOR

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    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, including phones, phonemes, and allophones. It describes the articulation of consonants and characterization of vowels. Syllable structure and prosody are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views5 pages

    EM3 Module 13

    Uploaded by

    Jerimay Lao
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, including phones, phonemes, and allophones. It describes the articulation of consonants and characterization of vowels. Syllable structure and prosody are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Structure of English Page 1 of 5

    Phonology and Phonetics

    IV.LESSON PROPER:

    Based on the preliminary activities, what did you notice about it?
    ________________________________________________________
    CONGRATULATIONS!
    Youmay now proceed to the lesson.

    Phonetics and Phonology

    • Phonetics is the study of human sounds and phonology is the classification of


    the sounds within the system of a particular language or language.

    • Phonetics is divided into three types according to the production (articulatory),


    transmission (acoustic), and perception (auditive) of sounds.

    • Three categories of sounds must be recognized at the outset:

    Phones (human sounds),

    Phonemes (units which distinguish meaning in a

    language), Allophones (non-distinctive units).

    • Sounds can be divided into consonants and vowels. The former can be
    characterized according to 1) place, 2) manner of articulation and 3) voice
    (voiceless or voiced). For vowels, one uses a coordinate system called a vowel
    quadrangle within which actual vowel values are located.

    • Phonotactics deals with the combinations of sounds possible and where


    sounds can occur in a syllable.

    • The major structure for the organization of sounds is the syllable. It consists of
    an onset (beginning), a rhyme (everything after the beginning) which can be
    sub-divided into a nucleus (vowel or vowel-like center) and a coda (right-edge).
    Structure of English Page 2 of 5
    Phonology and Phonetics
    • Prosody is concerned with features of words and sentences above the level of
    individual sounds, e.g. stress, pitch, intonation. Stress is frequently contrastive
    in English.

    • The unstressed syllables of English show characteristic phonetic reduction and


    words containing this are called weak forms.
    • It is essential to distinguish between writing and sound. There are various terms
    (homophony, homography, homonymy) to characterize the relationship between
    the written and the spoken form of words depending on what the match between
    the two is like.
    Structure of English Page 3 of 5
    Phonology and Phonetics
    Structure of English Page 4 of 5
    Phonology and Phonetics
    CARDINAL VOWELS To characterize vowels satisfactorily the cardinal
    vowel system was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by the English
    phonetician Daniel Jones. The basic principle is that extreme positions for the
    articulation of vowels are taken as reference points and all other possible vowel
    articulations are set concerning them.
    The vowel quadrangle used for the representation of vowels is derived from a
    side view of the oral cavity with the face turned to the left, that is the position of /i/
    is maximally high and front, the position of /u/ is maximally high and back while the
    low vowels /a/ and /ɑ/ are maximal low front and low back respectively.

    Note: The left symbol of each is unrounded; the right one is rounded. There is a
    general correlation between unroundedness and frontness and roundedness and
    backness, i.e. these value combinations are much more common than their
    opposites. The following charts are given for the sounds of English; note that the
    values refer to Received Pronunciation and vary greatly between varieties of
    English.
    Structure of English Page 5 of 5
    Phonology and Phonetics

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