Activity # 10 Mem - Reyna

Five Major MINING-INDUSTRY
RELATED IMPACTS in the

Environment
SUBMITTED BY: BARLEN LOUIE REYNA

SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. NATHANIEL TIU
MINING-INDUSTRY
RELATED IMPACTS
● FORMATION OF SINKHOLES
● LOST OF BIODIVERSITY
● SOIL EROSION
● CONTAMINATION SOIL
● Groundwater and Surface Water by
Chemicals from Mining Processes
FORMATION OF SINKHOLES
EXAMPLE OF SINKHOLES: Explanation:
"Room and pillar" mining operations are used

invulnerable to the underlying strata collapsing,
which then creates a surface sinkhole.
Sinkholes are cavities in the ground that form

when water erodes an underlying rock layer.
Two types of sinkholes exist. One forms when the

roof of a cave collapses and exposes the
Not too deep underground coal and potash underground cavern. The second type forms when
mines can may cause sinkholes to form in the water dissolves the rock underneath soil and
surrounding earth. creates an underground chasm. Without rock to
support it, the soil layer collapses and creates a
hole on the surface.
FORMATION OF SINKHOLES
Sinkholes have both natural and human causes. Preventions
Land made of a soft underground rock layer,
such as rock salt around the Dead Sea or ❖ Make the area clean.
limestone in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, are ❖ Use cautious probing and excavation to try to
often riddled with sinkholes, since the rock discover how big the hole is.
layer is easily dissolved. ❖ Fill the depression with soil that contains a high
proportion of clay and a low proportion of
sand.
❖ Fill the depression with soil that contains a high
proportion of clay and a low proportion of
sand.
❖ Compaction grouting and underpinning are the
two most popular sinkhole repairs. Compaction
grouting is often disliked by engineers because
there is no viable way of analysis.
LOST OF BIODIVERSITY
The most prominent causes of biodiversity loss are
habitat and forest loss, but other factors, such as
direct poisoning from mine-extracted material and
indirect poisoning through food and water, can
also harm creatures such as animals, plants, and
microbes. Changes in pH and temperature, for
instance, negatively affect the local communities.
Because they need very specialized environmental
conditions to exist, endangered species are
especially susceptible. They are in danger of going
extinct because of the destruction or little
alteration of their natural habitat. Habitat
degradation can result from a lack of terrestrial
products as well as non-chemical items such huge
rocks from mines that are dumped nearby without
consideration for their effects on natural habitats.
LOST OF BIODIVERSITY
Preventions
There are numerous approaches to lessen the effects of mining on land use. Some of these
include minimizing the mining area's overall footprint, cutting back on waste generation and
storage, preserving biodiversity by relocating or cultivating any threatened or endangered
species that may be present, and, whenever practical, designing mines to work around already-
existing infrastructure.
Despite the fact that present technology necessitates the excavation of ores in order to create
metals, research in areas like bio mining provides the prospect of mining in the future with the
least amount of land disturbance.
SOIL EROSION
When water or wind impact separates and removes soil particles, the
soil deteriorates gradually as a result of soil erosion. Around the world,
surface runoff, soil erosion, and poor water quality have become major
issues. The issue could get so bad that the land would have to be
abandoned since it was unusable for farming. The history of such
civilizations serves as a helpful reminder to safeguard our natural
resources because many agricultural civilizations have declined as a
result of poor land and resource management.
As soil surface runoff increases, the effect of soil erosion on water

quality becomes considerable. Soil erosion and sediment generation
are strongly connected. Therefore, stabilizing the sediment source by
reducing erosion is the most efficient way to reduce sediment
production. To control erosion, a variety of conservation techniques can
be used, but first you must comprehend the causes of soil erosion. The
detachment and movement of soil particles away from their original
location due to wind or water action is known as soil erosion.
SOIL EROSION
Preventions
preserving a robust perennial plant cover.
❖ Spreading wood chips, crushed stone, and other such materials in heavily trafficked regions
with tough vegetation to create and keep up.
❖ utilizing additional erosion controls, such as the use of geo-textiles or other techniques,
such hydroseeding or sodding, that lead to the formation of permanent cover. In places
with high traffic and steep hills, these techniques are effective.
❖ addressing the issues in the places where there is a lot of storm water runoff. Redirecting
storm water and roof runoff to places where it can settle and diffuse, like a rain garden, is
one way to address these problem areas.
CONTAMINATION SOIL
Human health and environmental risks from soils generally
fall into two categories:
(1) Contaminated soil resulting from windblown dust, and

(2) soils contaminated from chemical spills and residues.
Fugitive dust can pose significant environmental problems

at some mines. The inherent toxicity of the dust depends
upon the proximity of environmental receptors and type of
ore being mined. High levels of arsenic, lead, and radio
nucleides in windblown dust usually pose the greatest risk.
Soils contaminated from chemical spills and residues at
mine sites may pose a direct contact risk when these
materials are misused as fill materials, ornamental
landscaping, or soil supplements.”
CONTAMINATION SOIL
Preventions
At a mine site, reclamation entails re-establishing healthy soils and vegetation. Even while
regulatory bodies sometimes demand complicated reclamation designs, straightforward
strategies can often be quite successful. One straightforward strategy relies on the addition of
lime or other substances that will neutralize acidity along with a cover of top soil or an
appropriate growth medium to encourage vegetation development. The soil material is
stabilized by modifying slopes and other surfaces, and by adding vegetation as part of the
process, which also inhibits erosion and surface water infiltration.
Groundwater and Surface Water by Chemicals from Mining Processes
loss of the natural drainage system. The effects of

mining on water resources may be the biggest
effect. Due to spill/tailing, erosion, sedimentation,
acid mine drainage, lowering of water table,
subsidence, disruption of hydrological cycle, and
rainfall, mining has an adverse effect on surface
and groundwater. One of mining's greatest
dangers to water resources is acid mine drainage.
Acid drainage from a mine might have long-term,
catastrophic effects on rivers, streams, and aquatic
life. Any area of the mine where sulfides are
exposed to the air and water, such as waste rock
piles, tailings, open pits, underground tunnels, and
leach pads, may release acid mine drainage.
Groundwater and Surface Water by Chemicals from Mining Processes
Preventions
❖ At mine sites, water is applied in a variety of ways. Mining operations can lower
water quality and quantity by pumping groundwater and diverting surface water
especially in regions with arid temperatures, downstream for aquatic ecosystems and
other industrial and municipal water users.
❖ Numerous creative water conservation techniques are being developed and put into
effect to reduce water use in response to the water shortage that exists in many
mining regions.

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Activity # 10 Mem - Reyna

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Five Major MINING-INDUSTRY

RELATED IMPACTS in the

SUBMITTED BY: BARLEN LOUIE REYNA

"Room and pillar" mining operations are used

Sinkholes are cavities in the ground that form

Two types of sinkholes exist. One forms when the

As soil surface runoff increases, the effect of soil erosion on water

preserving a robust perennial plant cover.

(1) Contaminated soil resulting from windblown dust, and

Fugitive dust can pose significant environmental problems

loss of the natural drainage system. The effects of

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