Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Operating System Assingment 1

    Uploaded by

    DNOFFICIAL GAMER
    The document discusses the architecture of the Linux operating system including hardware, kernel, shell and applications layers. It also analyzes the working of the inode file system for Linux, describing how inodes store metadata and pointers to data blocks for files.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Operating System Assingment 1

    Uploaded by

    DNOFFICIAL GAMER
    10 views8 pages
    The document discusses the architecture of the Linux operating system including hardware, kernel, shell and applications layers. It also analyzes the working of the inode file system for Linux, describing how inodes store metadata and pointers to data blocks for files.

    Original Description:

    OPERATING SYSTEM ASSINGMENT 1

    Original Title

    OPERATING SYSTEM ASSINGMENT 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the architecture of the Linux operating system including hardware, kernel, shell and applications layers. It also analyzes the working of the inode file system for Linux, describing how inodes store metadata and pointers to data blocks for files.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    10 views8 pages

    Operating System Assingment 1

    Uploaded by

    DNOFFICIAL GAMER
    The document discusses the architecture of the Linux operating system including hardware, kernel, shell and applications layers. It also analyzes the working of the inode file system for Linux, describing how inodes store metadata and pointers to data blocks for files.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    NAME:-HRITAM MONDAL

    STREAM :-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

    UNIVERSITY ROLL:-16500219047

    SUBJECT:-OPERATING SYSTEM

    SEMESTER:- 5TH SEM


    ASSINGMENT:-1

    1.Provide a discussion on linux system


    architecture(with suitable diagram)
    ANS:- Linux System Architecture :-
    An operating system is an interface between
    user and the computer hardware. A number
    of software applications run on operating
    system to manage the hardware resources on
    a computer.

    The Linux system basically works on 4 layers.


    See the below diagram, shows the layers of
    of the Linux system architecture.
    Hardware:− Hardware consists of all physical
    devices attached to the System. For example:-
    Hard disk drive, RAM, Motherboard, CPU etc.

    Kernel:− Kernel is the core component for any


    (Linux) operating system which directly interacts
    with the hardware.
    Shell:− Shell is the interface which takes input
    from Users and sends instructions to the Kernel,
    Also takes the output from Kernel and send the
    result back to output shell.

    Applications:− These are the utility programs


    which runs on Shell. This can be any application
    like Your web browser, media player, text editor
    etc.

    2.Analyse the working of I-node file system for


    Linux Operating System.(with suitable Diagram).
    Ans :
    Inode in Operating System:-
    In Unix based operating system each file is
    indexed by an Inode. Inode are special disk blocks
    they are created when the file system is created.
    The number of Inode limits the total number of
    files/directories that can be stored in the file
    system.
    The Inode contains the following information:-
    14 Bytes 2 Bytes

    File name 1 i-node 1


    File name 2 i-node 2
    Directory name i-node 3
    Numeric UID of the owner.
    Numeric GUID of the owner.
    Size of the file.
    File type: regular,directory,device etc…
    Date and Time of Last modification of the file
    data.
    Date and Time of Last access of file data.
    Date and Time of Last change of the I-node.
    Administrative information (permissions,
    timestamps, etc).
    A number of direct blocks (typically 12) that
    contains to the first 12 blocks of the files.
    A single indirect pointer that points to a disk block
    which in turn is used as an index block, if the file is
    too big to be indexed entirely by the direct blocks.
    A double indirect pointer that points to a disk
    block which is a collection of pointers to disk
    blocks which are index blocks, used if the file is too
    big to be indexed by the direct and single indirect
    blocks.
    A triple indirect pointer that points to an index
    block of index blocks of index blocks.

    Inode Total Size:-

    - Number of disk block address possible to store in


    1 disk block = (Disk Block Size / Disk Block
    Address).

    - Small files need only the direct blocks, so there is


    little waste in space or extra disk reads in those
    cases. Medium sized files may use indirect blocks.
    Only large files make use of the double or triple
    indirect blocks, and that is reasonable since those
    files are large anyway. The disk is now broken into
    two different types of blocks: Inode and Data
    Blocks.

    - There must be some way to determine where the


    Inodes are, and to keep track of free Inodes and
    disk blocks. This is done by a Superblock.
    Superblock is located at a fixed position in the file
    system. The Superblock is usually replicated on
    the disk to avoid catastrophic failure in case of
    corruption of the main Superblock.

    - Index allocation schemes suffer from some of the


    same performance problems. As does linked
    allocation. For example, the index blocks an be
    cached in memory, but the data blocks may be
    spread all over a partition.
    - Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get
    hold of all the important CS Theory concepts for
    SDE interviews with the CS Theory Course at a
    student-friendly price and become industry ready.

    You might also like