Prepared by Jenelyn Herrera

Pampanga High School | 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Define the terms used in
research.

Pampanga High School | 2024

According to Creswell “Research is
a process of steps used to collect
and analyze information to increase
our understanding of a topic or
issue”.
There are other definitions of research which
also state that research is a systematic
inquiry that investigates hypotheses, suggests
new interpretations of data or texts, and
poses new questions for future research to
explore. It involves inductive and deductive
methods.
Inductive research methods are used to analyze an
observed event.
Deductive methods are used to verify the observed
event. Inductive approaches are associated with
qualitative research and deductive methods are
more commonly associated with quantitative
research.
EMPIRICAL
is based on observations and
experimentation on theories.
SYSTEMATIC
follows orderly and
sequential procedure.
CONTROLLED
all variables except those
that are
tested/experimented
upon are kept constant.
EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS
guides the investigation
process.
ANALYTICAL
There is critical analysis of all
data used so that there is no
error in their interpretation
OBJECTIVE, UNBAISED &
LOGICAL
- all findings are logically
based on empirical data
EMPLOYS METHODS
Data are transformed into
numerical measures and are
treated statistically
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 3 METHOD AND PROCEDURES
RESULTS
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND
ITS BACKGROUND
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Background of the Study – includes purpose and reason
behind the conduct of the study.
Statement of the Problem – the main problem that the
research is trying to solve.
Significance of the Study – benefits from the research
Background of the Study – includes purpose and reason
behind the conduct of the study.
Statement of the Problem – the main problem that the
research is trying to solve.
Significance of the Study – benefits from the research
Assumptions/Objectives of the Study – the expected
outcome of the research.
Scope and Limitations of the Study – the coverage of the
study and all the things that it will not cover in order to be
specific.
Definition of Terms – defines technical terms based on how
they are used in the study, specifically in the title with the aim
to provide the readers or future researches with the basic
terminologies that are important to understand the paper.
Assumptions/Objectives of the Study – the expected
outcome of the research.
Scope and Limitations of the Study – the coverage of the
study and all the things that it will not cover in order to be
specific.
Definition of Terms – defines technical terms based on how
they are used in the study, specifically in the title with the aim
to provide the readers or future researches with the basic
terminologies that are important to understand the paper.
This is where you will use your note cards and will serve
as the foundation of your research.

This is your own work and therefore should not directly

lift words from other sources. This will require your
command of language and writing skills such as
summarizing, paraphrasing and writing indirect
speeches.
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 3 METHOD AND
PROCEDURES
Method of Research – the kind of research used by your
study. This answers why the method used is appropriate for
the study.
Subjects of the Study – describes your respondents: who
they are, what their profile is, where they are from, etc.
Description of Research Instrument – describes your
instrument which is the questionnaire.
Method of Research – the kind of research used by your
study. This answers why the method used is appropriate for
the study.
Subjects of the Study – describes your respondents: who
they are, what their profile is, where they are from, etc.
Description of Research Instrument – describes your
instrument which is the questionnaire.
Data Gathering Procedure – narrates the process
undergone by the study that eventually leads to the
findings.
Statistical Treatment Applied - The statistical treatment
that you will use which includes your sampling method
and formulas to come up with findings from the data
gathered.
Data Gathering Procedure – narrates the process
undergone by the study that eventually leads to the
findings.
Statistical Treatment Applied - The statistical treatment
that you will use which includes your sampling method
and formulas to come up with findings from the data
gathered.
RESULTS
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Results of the Study – presents all the data gathered
using the questionnaire by tabulating all the gathered
information. Aside from the tables, an interpretation of
each presented data should follow. These will serve as the
bases of your Summary of Findings.
Results of the Study – presents all the data gathered
using the questionnaire by tabulating all the gathered
information. Aside from the tables, an interpretation of
each presented data should follow. These will serve as the
bases of your Summary of Findings.
Results of the Study – presents all the data gathered
using the questionnaire by tabulating all the gathered
information. Aside from the tables, an interpretation of
each presented data should follow. These will serve as the
bases of your Summary of Findings.
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY,
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings – summarizes the interpretation of
data given in Chapter 4. These should directly answer your
statement of the problem.
Conclusions – out of your findings, your conclusions are
based. This provides the answers for every statement of
the problem. This is where you will prove your hypotheses
and assumptions.
Recommendations – should be directly based on the
significance of the study. This also includes the
recommended actions that should be done after the
conduct of the study such as further assessment of the
subject, focus on other factors, etc.
Recommendations – should be directly based on the
significance of the study. This also includes the
recommended actions that should be done after the
conduct of the study such as further assessment of the
subject, focus on other factors, etc.
Title Page – consists of the research title, names of the
researchers and name of the English teacher.

Abstract - An abstract summarizes, usually in one

paragraph of 300 words or less, the major aspects of the
entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes:
1) the overall purpose of the study and the research
problem(s) you investigated;
2) the basic design of the study;
3) major findings or trends found as a result of your
analysis; and,
4) a brief summary of your interpretations and
conclusions.
Acknowledgment – a personal page where the researchers
are given the privilege to extend gratitude to all people who
helped in accomplishing the research.
Table of Contents – contains the accurate paging of each
part of the research paper.
List of Tables/Figures – contains all the graphics, equations,
and tables in a document.
Bibliography – where you will use your source cards. Presents the
sources using APA or MLA format.
Appendix (e.g., survey questionnaire, interview questions) –
attachments
Research Methodology - the specific procedures or techniques used
to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In
a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to
critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability.
Act1: Read the following and write
the correct answer on your activity
notebook, recitation part.
Jenelyn Herrera | Pampanga High School | 2024