Magnetrol Level White Paper
Magnetrol Level White Paper
Magnetrol Level White Paper
A Guid
Guidee to Level Instrumen
Instrumentat
tation
ion for Onshore/O
Onshore/Offs
ffshore
hore Natural
Natural Gas Processing
Processing
2
shutdown systems.
1 Separation Water
Level Applications:
5. Gas Dehydration 5
Amine Separation
8 Sumps Collection Tanks
6. NGL Recovery 6 3
7. Vap
Vapor
or Re
Reco
cove
very
ry Un
Unit
it 6
Sulfur Tre
Treatment
atment 9 Primary Water Treatment
8. Storage Tanks 7
4
9. Wate
terr P ro
roc es
es si
si ng
ng 7 Skim Tanks
8 and Vessels
10. Comp
Compress
ressor
or Lubr
Lubricati
ication
on 8
5 Dehydration
11. Compres
Compressor
sor Scr
Scrubb
ubber
er 9
Water Treatment
12.. Co
12 Comp
mpre
ress
ssor
or Was
aste
te 9
Coalescers
13. Flar
Flare
e Knock
Knock-Out
-Out Drum 10 Acid Gas
6 NGL Recovery
and Storage
9 Secondary Treatment
Flow Applications: 8
Sulfur Unit
Air and gas flow appli-
cations are found Coalescers
throughout natural gas To Fractionator
operations. For a brief
summary of these Tail Gas
applications, see Vapor Recovery
7 Flotation Units
page 10.
Good Practices: 10
Compression
Good practice To reservoir To disposal
11 Offgas
recommendations for
major level and flow
instrumentation can be 12
found on page 11. Incineration NOTE: The actual nature and number
of steps in the process of creating
To Pipeline pipeline-quality natural gas depends
upon the source and makeup of the
wellhead production stream. In some
13 cases, several of the steps shown in
the
intoschematic
one unit orabove may be
operation, integrated
performed in
a different order or at alternative loca-
tions, or not required at all.
3
1 INLET
INLET SEPA
SEPARATO
RATORS
RS
TWO PRIN
PRINCIPA
CIPAL
L TYPE
TYPES
S OF SEPA
SEPARATO
RATORS
RS
GAS OUT
Vertical (right): Vertical separators can accommodate large surges of liq-
uids. They are well suited for high sediment loads—conical bottoms are
sometimes attached for large sediment deposits. Vertical separators are
preferred when wellstreams have large liquid-to-gas ratios. These sepa- NATURAL
NATURAL GAS
rators occupy less floor space than horizontal types and are often found
INLET STREAM
on offshore platforms where floor space is at a premium. IN
GAS OUT
EMULSION OIL OUT
INLET STREAM NATURAL GAS
IN
WATER
EMULSION OIL
WATER
WATER
OUT
OIL OUT
WATER
WATER OUT
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level and Visual Indication:
T Series
Series 3 Float- Interface Level: Atlas™ or Aurora®
A
T actuated External Eclipse® Model 705; Magnetic Level
N
E Cage Level Switch; Jupiter® Magnetostrictive Indicators
M
U
R or Thermatel® Model Level Transmitter; or
T TD1/TD2 Switch E3 Modulevel® Displacer
S
N Transmitter
I
4
2
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL INJE
INJECTIO
CTION
N
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T
A Echotel® Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
T Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
Ultrasonic Switch; or
E THERMATEL Model Transmitter; or JUPITER Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch Magnetostrictive Level
R
T Transmitter
S
N
I
3 AMINE SEPARA
SEPARATION
TION SOUR GAS TREA
TREATME
TMENT
NT
gases and
pipeline make natural gas marketable and suitable for
distribution.
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Ultrasonic Gap Switch; Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E or THERMATEL Model Transmitter Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch
R
T
S
N
I
5
4 SULFUR
SULFUR RECOV
RECOVERY
ERY
Application:
Applic ation: A sulfur recovery unit converts the hydrogen
Sulfur Recovery Unit sulfide in the acid gas into elemental sulfur. Of the processes
available for these conversions, the Claus process is by far
the most well-known for recovering elemental sulfur, whereas
the conventional Contact Process and the WSA Process are
the most used technologies for recovering sulfuric acid. The
residual gas from the Claus process is commonly called tail
gas. Tail gas is subsequently processed in a gas treating unit.
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Ultrasonic Swit
Switch;
ch; Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E or THERMATEL Model Transmitter Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch
R
T
S
N
I
5
GAS DEHYD
DEHYDRATIO
RATION
N
cally contain
ural gas priorsome type of liquid separator to dehydrate nat-
to compression.
6 NGL RE
NGL RECO
COVE
VERY
RY & ST
STOR
ORAG
AGE
E
Application: Separating the hydrocarbons and fluids from
NGL Recovery
pure natural gas produces pipeline quality dry natural gas.
The two principle techniques for removing Natural Gas
Liquids (NGLs) are the absorption and the cryogenic
expander method. The absorption method is very similar
to that of dehydration except that an absorbing oil is used
instead of glycol. Once NGLs have been removed from
the natural gas stream, they must be separated out, or
fractionated.
N
O Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
I
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Ultrasonic Gap Switch; Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E or THERMATEL Model Transmitter; or E3 Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch MODULEVEL Displacer
R
T Transmitter
S
N
I
7 VAPOR
VAPOR REC
RECOVE
OVERY
RY UNI
UNIT
T FLASH DRUM
vapors,
storage.and returns
Methods tothe liquidvapors
recover hydrocarbons back to
include absorption,
condensation, adsorption and simple cooling.
N
O Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
I
T Series
Series 3 Extern
External
al ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Cage Level Switch; Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E TUFFY II Float-actuat- Transmitter; or E3 Indicators
M
U ed Switch; ECHOTEL MODULEVEL Displacer
R Model 961 Ultrasonic Transmitter
T
S Switch; or THERMATEL
N
I TD1/TD2 Switch
7
8 STORAGE
STORAGE TANKS
Application: Natural gas, oil, liquid fuel, treatment
Storage Tanks chemicals, extracted condensate from separators and
water are stored in gas fields. Unlike midstream tank
farms at terminals and refineries, field storage consists
of smaller vessels. Diesel generator fuel, potable water,
and fire water are also stored in tanks.
N
O
I Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T
A Model A15 Series ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
T Level Switch with Transmitter; Pulsar® Model Magnetic Level
N
E optional Proofer®; or RX5 Radar Transmitter; or Indicators
M
U ECHOTEL Model 961 JUPITER Magnetostrictive
R
T Ultrasonic Gap Transmitter
S
N Switch
I
9 WATER PROCE
PROCESSING
SSING
N
O
I Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T
A ECHOTEL Model 940/941 ECLIPSE Model ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
T Ultrasonic Gap Switch; 705 Transmitter; Magnetic Level
N
E THERMATEL Model or E3 MODULEVEL Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch; or Float Displacer Transmitter
R
T or Displacer
Displacer-actuated
-actuated
S
N Switch
I
8
NAT
NATURA
URAL
L GAS COM
COMPRE
PRESSI
SSION
ON
From natural gas extraction to pipeline tranmission, compressors
are an essential technology employed throughout production and
distribution chains to increase the pressure of natural gas by
reducing
reducing its volum
volume.
e. At the wellhead, compressio
compression n allows a low-
pressure well to produce higher volumes of natural gas—in some
instances, well production may be entirely dependent upon gas
compression. In natural gas processing plants, intermediate and
end product gases are compressed to
facilitate gathering and processing
operations. In pipeline transport of
purified natural gas, compression
stations ensure the movement of
gas from the production site to the
consumer. Compressors may also
be used in association with above
ground or underground natural gas
storage facilities. Three typical level Above, a gas compression skid designed for field use. The configuration of a
compressor is determined by its compression capacity, by whether it is a tur-
and flow applications related to gas
bine or reciprocating type, by its power source, and by the environmental or
compression follow below. sound attenuation requirements that may be required.
10 COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR LUBRI
LUBRICATION
CATION TANK
Application:
Applic ation: Lubrication systems protect compressor com-
ponents from increased amounts of wear and deposit forma-
tion and help the equipment run cooler and more efficiently. A
wide range of engine lubricants
lubricants formula
formulated
ted with diff
different
erent base
oils are availab
available.
le. Lubricants vary by ISO grade, viscosity,
viscosity,
flash point, and formulation. Lubricating
Lubricating fluids are typica
typically
lly
stored in integral stainless steel and carbon steel tanks and in
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Ultrasonic Gap Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E Switch; THERMATEL Transmitter; or JUPITER Indicators
M
U
R Model TD1/TD2 Magnetostrictive
T Switch; or TUFFY II Transmitter
S
N Float-actuated
I
Switch
9
11 COMPRESSOR SCRUB
COMPRESSOR SCRUBBER
BER
Application:
Applicatio n: Natural gas can travel through thousands of
Scrubbers
miles of pipeline. Compressors placed at key intervals keep
the natural gas moving evenly and reliably. A typical com-
pressor station consists of an inlet scrubber to collect liq-
uids and slugs that may have formed in the gas pipeline.
The scrubber consists of a primary section where liquids
and solid parts are separated from the gas stream and a
secondary section where oil mist is removed.
N
O
I
T Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
A
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
N Ultrasonic Gap Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
E
M Switch Transmitter Indicators
U
R
T
S
N
I
12 COMPRE
COMPRESSO
SSOR
R WAS
WASTE
TE LIQ
LIQUID
UID
Applicatio
Appl n: Compression station scrubbers and filters that
ication:
capture liquid waste and unwanted particles route waste liq-
uids to a storage tank. Wastes can be water condensates or
heavier
heavi er hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons from the natur
natural
al gas. The wastes are
collected in one or several tanks depending on the size of
the remote
typically station. As
scheduled for atank
waste tank fills,
emptying tank trucks
operations. As are
these
wastes are hazardous materials, the waste holding tanks are
classified as Class 1, Div. 1 areas.
N
O
I
Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T ECHOTEL Model 961 ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
A
T Ultrasonic Gap Switch; Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E or THERMATEL Model Transmitter; or JUPITER Indicators
M
U TD1/TD2 Switch Magnetostrictive
R
T Transmitter
S
N
I
10
13 FLARE KNO
FLARE KNOCK-
CK-OUT
OUT DRU
DRUM
M
Application: Liquid in the vent stream can extinguish the
flame or cause irregular combustion and smoking. In addi-
tion, flaring
flaring liqui
liquids
ds can genera
generate
te a spray of burnin
burning
g chem
chemi-
i-
cals—a “rain of fire”—that create a severe safety hazard. A
knockout drum collects these liquids prior to entering the
flare system. A level gauge and drain connections are built
N
O
I Point Level: Continuous Level: Visual Indication:
T
A ECHOTEL Model ECLIPSE Model 705 ATLAS
A TLAS or AURORA
T 961 Ultrasonic Guided Wave Radar Magnetic Level
N
E Gap Switch; or Transmitter; or E3 Indicators
M
U External Cage MODULEVEL
R
T Float Switch Displacer Transmitter
S
N
I
AIR
AIR an
and
d GA
GAS
S FL
FLOW
OW MO
MONI
NITO
TORI
RING
NG
mental emissions),
sensing of reducedand pump protection
or no-flow conditions.afforded by the
N
O
I Flow Alarm: Pump Protection: Continuous Flow:
T
A THERMATEL Model THERMATEL Model TD1/TD2 THERMATEL Model TA2
T
N TD1/TD2 Thermal Thermal Dispersion Flow Switch Thermal Dispersion Mass
E
Dispersion Flow Flow Meter
M
U Switch
R
T
S
N
I
11
• Use Enlarged Coax GWR Probes with more clearance for buildup to occur.
• Consider using the Model 7xG Chamber Probe whenever possible. The 7xG provides the
sensitivity
sensit ivity and performance
performance of a coaxi
coaxial
al probe with the viscosity immunity
immunity of a single rod.
• Insulate the probe necks of Overfill Probes to reduce any cooling at the top of the probe
inside the vessel, chamber, cage or bridle.
• Chambers should be insulated even in warm weather locations. The temperature
differential between a warm/hot vessel (like a separator) and uninsulated chamber/cages
can be significant resulting in paraffin deposition and/or viscosity increases.
• Insulate chamber flanges to reduce any cooling at the top of the probe
• Use probes with integral flushing connection to simplify flushing/dissolving puffins or grit.
Flushing connections are an option available on all Magnetrol ® coaxial GWR probes.
• Use probes that have low end dielectric specifications (a 1.4 rating) in the application,
especially for condensates.
FLOW FLOW
15 diameters 5 15 diameters 5
diameters diameters
FLOW
FLOW
20 diameters 5
diameters
15 diameters 5
Two 90-Degree Elbows in Plane diameters
Expansion
FLOW FLOW
5
35 diameters diameters 50 diameters 5
diameters
Two 90-Degree Elbows out of Plane Control Valve - It is recommended that control
valves be installed downstream of the flow meter.
Probe Installations
AN IN DU ST RY GU ID E TO LE VE L ME AS UR EM EN T AN D CO NT ROL FRO M MAGNETROL
PLEASE NOTE: The instruments recommended in these brochures are based on field experience with
similar applications and are included as a general guide to level and flow control selection. Because
all application
applications
s differ
differ,, however
however,, customer
customers
s should determine suitability for their own purposes.
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Pulsar, Thermatel and Tuffy are registered trademarks of Magnetrol International, Incorporated.
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Bulletin:
Bulletin: 41-187.0
41-187.0 • Effe
Effective
ctive:: July 2011
2011