GHERZI Final Report 161028-1

Final Report
October 2016
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
EXECUTIVE AGENCY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Country Reports on Technical Textiles (‘TT’)

in
Brazil, Japan, South Korea and USA
Final Report
28th October 2016
Gherzi van Delden GmbH
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Contents of this report
Page
Part A: Contract Data and Context of the Report 3
Part B: Study Abstract 6
Part C: Executive Summary 10
Part D: Main Report (including Appendix) 43
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Start of Part A:
Contract Data and Context of the Report
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A. CONTRACT DATA AND CONTEXT OF THE REPORT

Disclaimer
The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the official opinion of EASME or the Commission. EASME and the
Commission do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither
EASME or the Commission nor any person acting on EASME's or the Commission’s behalf
may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained
therein.
© European Union, 2016 doi: 10.2826/128173
Project data
Service Contract No.: EASME/COSME/2014/018
Contract Title: Country Reports on Technical Textiles (‘TT’)

in Brazil, Japan, South Korea and USA
Date of Contract Signing 6 June 2015
Contracting Authority Executive Agency for Small and Medium-

sized Enterprises (‘EASME’)
Delivery Partner: Gherzi van Delden GmbH, Krefeld (D)
Duration of the Project 16 months from the date of signature*
* Prolongation granted on 2nd September 2016 ‘till 29th November 2016
Authors
Hendrik H. van Delden ([email protected]);
Laurent Aucouturier ([email protected]).
This report was prepared in the framework of the Work Programme 2014 of the EU
Programme for the Competitiveness of enterprieses and SMEs (COSME) and was prepared
for the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry,
Entrepreneurship and SMEs.
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Context
Gherzi (www.gherzi.com) is the internationally leading textile consultancy and engineering
firm for the textile value added chain.
With the contract signed in June 2015 between Gherzi and the EU Commission’s EASME
organization Gherzi has assumed the responsibility to carry out an Export Market oriented
study in Technical Textiles (‘TechTex’) covering the four markets Brazil, Japan, South Korea
and the USA.
General purpose of the mission

Technical Textiles are generally regarded as a higher value added growth industry, where
Europe enjoys a strong market and know how position.
The Technical Textiles industry is, however, extremely fragmented with a large number of
EU SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) specializing in a certain product / market
niche (e.g. ballistic protection) or in a certain technology (e.g. non-crimp fabric
manufacturing).
For many of these TechTex SMEs exporting their product ‘overseas’ constitutes a major
problem as
a) Generally entry barriers in Technical Textiles are high (most products underlie strict
standard and norms (such as for flame retardancy in case of contract hometextiles or
life cycle abrasion resistance in case of car seat materials)
b) Many overseas export markets have raised additional non-tariff barriers to protect the
local industry (e.g. yarn forward rule in the US Nafta / Cafta regulations).
The purpose of the study presented in the following is – before this background – to improve
the general knowledge in Europe about Technical Textile markets and about market
opportunities presenting themselves outside of the EU 28 perimeter (on the example of the
four markets mentioned before, namely Brazil, Japan, South Korea and the USA).
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End of Part A:
Contract Data and Context of the Report
Start of Part B:
Study Abstract
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B. STUDY ABSTRACT
To improve partnerships one must understand its associates’ needs and situations. This is
why Gherzi van Delden GmbH was contracted to carry out a study on Technical Textiles
(‘TT’) in four faraway markets under the EU’s Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized
Enterprises’ (‘EASME’) contract. Analyses and interviews for the ‘Country Reports on Tech-
nical Textiles’ were carried out with a focus on the USA, Brazil, South Korea and Japan, four
countries that each provide individual challenges. The study was a sixteen-month project
commissioned by the EU’s EASME organization to supply a quantified view on TT demand
by regional market and product family. With this study Gherzi intends to trigger ideas for the
European TT businesses on how to gain better access to foreign markets through an im-
provement of the knowledge about EU TT business opportunities in the USA, Brazil, South
Korea and Japan as well as to present business strategy options to enhance the global
footprint.
To analyse the TT markets in the USA, Brazil, South Korea and Japan Gherzi did not only
look at the development of the TT market by numbers over the last couple of years but also
applied a qualitative method. Several TT producers and TT customers as well as associa-
tions and trade organisations in the foreign markets were interviewed. Also the views on and
experiences in the distant markets of EU TT producers and EU associations and trade orga-
nisations were collected. The study covered questions concerning the World market, the
European market and the EU export performance in Technical Textiles in general. The focus
of the study is on yarn type Technical Textiles (like sewing threads or medical sutures), fabric
type Technical Textiles (like medical bandages or coated fabrics) and roll good nonwovens.
A new global TT consumption model established by Gherzi in the course of the mission
comes to a 2014 global market size of 147 Bn USD or 28,375 kt of TT. Between 2010 and
2014 the TT world market grew by more than 6% per year. Through above average growth,
nonwovens increased their share of the world market in the a.m. period.
In 2014 EU TT production came to 29.8 Bn USD representing a CAGR (annual growth) of
4.6% compared to 2010. Nonwoven production in the EU outgrew yarn type and fabric type
TT production with 9% CAGR between 2010 and 2014. Without TT raw materials (like
synthetic high tenacity filaments) and TT made-ups (like made up protective apparel), EU TT
consumption was 27 Bn USD, of which 43% (11.5 Bn USD) was imported in 2014. In the
same year 48% of EU TT production was exported. Yarn type TT production reached an
export share of beyond 70% due chiefly to the historical worldwide success of medical
sutures made in the EU.
Outside of the EU, the USA is the largest single TT market worldwide. With 2.3 Bn USD EU
TT export volume towards the USA, it is also the largest single non-EU export market for
European TT producers. The US market is attractive through its growth of 5-6% p.a. in the
forecast ‘till 2020, considering three Key Success Factors to profit from the market opportu-
nities named in the study. First, a high barrier for European SMEs is the standard and norm
issue, as there is an intransparent ‘jungle of norms’ in the USA. Overcoming this initial barrier
is today often realized in close collaboration between an EU producer and his interested US
customer. Second, shortening the time to market can be realized by establishing a local US
logistical presence, be it 100% EU producer owned or through a tie-up with a local distri-
butor. Third, focusing on the large number of above average growth segments, such as
Buildtech, Filtration or Mobiltech markets is a major issue. Once the export volume to the
USA becomes large enough, a local production might be a good answer to many of the
challenges. Recommendations from the fieldwork in the USA and from complementary
Gherzi analysis can be summarized as follows:
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a) Exploit US market opportunities in above average CAGR (annual growth) sophisticated

nonwovens,
b) respond to Mobiltech opportunities driven by the US government’s 50-52.5 miles per
gallon year 2025 target and
c) generally exploit opportunities in above average growth applications in the USA.
It is important to be represented in the USA on at least the East and on the West Coast. A
local US American logistical set up is also often very helpful to shorten the ‘time to market’.
Compared to the size of the population Brazil’s TechTex market is relatively small. With 223
Mn USD related EU TT export volume, Brazil is also a relatively small market for EU TT
suppliers, because only 27% of all Technical Textiles consumed in Brazil are imported. In
addition the Brazilian industry and governmental organisations highly protect the indigenous
Brazilian TT production. Also, Brazil – if importing TT products – tends to source cheap
commodities from Asia. Gherzi highlights opportunities for EU TT in Brazil as follows:
a) Identifying TT products, which are not produced locally,
b) Enrolling qualified personnel capable of educating the Brazilian market on the EU TT pro-
duct advantages and thus of selling complex EU TT solutions against the prevailing low to
mid end local products,
c) prompting higher end solutions by EU producers where a local Brazilian production has
not been set up and where application specific know-how serves as an entry barrier
against local Brazilian producers and
d) launching a government to government initiative to profit from the planned high growth in
Brazilian agro production, for which the EU TT companies could demonstrate their know-
how and expertise, such as in field or crop protection, irrigation or greenhouse farming.
In the recent past South Korea’s textile industry has realized a shift from traditional textiles
towards Technical Textiles and nonwovens. This has gone hand in hand with growth in local
demand for Technical Textiles driven, e.g., by the success of the local vehicle industry and a
striving medical sector. South Korea appears as a very open trade oriented partner with so
far 13 % EU share of TT imports. Key Success Factors to profit from market opportunities
are over all innovative products. Difficulties are seen in geographical and mental disad-
vantages compared to the competitor Japan (highly present in the South Korean market). EU
access routes and delays are too long for an on par innovation level in TT with Japan. The
recommendations for EU TT producers made by Gherzi referring to the study are to
a) promote sophisticated nonwovens,
b) exploit areas of EU producer products strength, e.g. coated fabrics or bandages,
c) step into rather untouched opportunities, such as smart textiles or sun shading and
d) invest into IP protection in order to build up possibilities for EU TT producers to engage in
local tie-ups.
Japan is one of the early pioneers in Technical Textiles and has the second largest TT
market of the countries analysed by Gherzi. Stemming from a strong upstream fibre industry
with global players, Japan has developed a strong indigenous TT sector. Japanese TT
producers have erected many production sites in China and other Asian countries. Local
Japanese TT producers focus their Japanese production sites on R&D intensive high-end TT
products only. Communicating essentially in Japanese language makes it difficult for foreign
companies to penetrate the Japanese market. With 10% TT import share EU TT suppliers
remain relatively weak on the Japanese market. This is due to the language barrier and to
close knit value chain tie-ups in Japan combined with the strength of the TT industry in a
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faraway market. However, Gherzi shares recommendations to improve the EU producers’

position on the Japanese TT market:
a) Collaboration between Japanese upstream fibre industries and EU downstream TT
producers is suggested to profit from each other’s strength by creating value added
products to be produced in the EU;
b) Also, the EU industry associations could foster B2B linkages between Japanese trading
houses and EU TT producers;
c) Thirdly, an enhanced collaboration between EU R&D institutes and their Japanese coun-
terparts is recommended. Together they could develop environmentally sustainable tech-
nologies using advanced fibres and composites, smart textiles, advanced Medtech as
well as advanced nonwoven solutions or next generation sutures.
In addition to the above described country specific views, Gherzi shares eleven
recommendations, which can be initiated on a European level, including a.o. the suggestion
to support the development of next generation sutures to stop the prevailing decline in EU
export sales, to support energy saving initiatives in the EU Technical Textiles industry with
the aim to identify pockets of cost savings enhancing competitiveness of the sector or to
support industry in tackling with the ‘jungle’ of standards and norms in faraway non-EU
markets.
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End of Part B:
Study Abstract
Start of Part C:
Executive Summary
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Table of Contents – Part C

C. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... - 13 -
C.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... - 13 -
C.1.1. Objectives and expected results of the mission (Summary) .................................. - 13 -
C.1.2. Project scope (Summary) .......................................................................................... - 13 -
C.2. Market segmentation and consumption model ............................................................... - 14 -
C.3. EU TechTex scenario ......................................................................................................... - 15 -
C.4. EU TT consumption and trade .......................................................................................... - 16 -
C.5. Overview on the regulatory and custom related TT framework (Summary) ................. - 17 -
C.5.1. Forex (Foreign Exchange rates) ................................................................................. - 17 -
C.5.2. Free Trade Agreements (‘FTAs’)................................................................................ - 17 -
C.5.3. Import duty ............................................................................................................... - 17 -
C.5.4. Norms and standards ................................................................................................ - 18 -
C.6. Cost analysis and segmentation ....................................................................................... - 19 -
C.7. TT market scenario for the four countries of the mission ................................................ - 22 -
C.7.1. USA ............................................................................................................................ - 22 -
C.7.1.1. Key data..................................................................................................................... - 22 -
C.7.1.2. Key trade and market related trends........................................................................ - 23 -
C.7.1.3. Key Success Factors (‘KSF’) to profit from market opportunities ............................. - 24 -
C.7.2. Brazil.......................................................................................................................... - 26 -
C.7.2.1. Key data..................................................................................................................... - 26 -
C.7.3. South Korea ............................................................................................................... - 28 -
C.7.3.1. Key data..................................................................................................................... - 28 -
C.7.4. Japan ......................................................................................................................... - 31 -
C.7.4.1. Key data..................................................................................................................... - 31 -
C.8. Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................. - 34 -
C.8.1. EU TechTex (‘TT’) producers in general .................................................................... - 34 -
C.8.2. Country-specific recommendations .......................................................................... - 34 -
C.8.2.1. USA ............................................................................................................................ - 34 -
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C.8.2.2. Brazil.......................................................................................................................... - 36 -
C.8.2.3. South Korea ............................................................................................................... - 37 -
C.8.2.4. Japan ......................................................................................................................... - 39 -
C.8.3. EU organisations’ and associations’ initiatives ......................................................... - 41 -
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C. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
C.1. Overview
Gherzi van Delden GmbH (‘Gherzi’) has been carrying out a study of the Technical Textile
(‘TT’ or ‘TechTex’) markets of Brazil, Japan, South Korea and USA under the Executive
Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises’ (‘EASME’) contract, findings of which are
summarized in the following.
The ‘Country Reports on Technical Textiles (‘TT’) in Brazil, Japan, South Korea and USA’
study was a sixteen-month project commissioned by EASME to supply a quantified view on
TT demand by product family and sub-segment in the above mentioned 4 countries of the
mission (as well as a comparison with the EU and the world market as a whole.
C.1.1. Objectives and expected results of the mission

(Summary)
 improve the knowledge of EU TechTex business opportunities in the 4 markets USA,
Brazil, South Korea and Japan
 help European TechTex businesses to gain better access to foreign markets
 improve the business environment with partner economies and economic partners
 present business strategy options to enhance the global footprint (with a focus on the four
countries of the EU TechTex project)
C.1.2. Project scope (Summary)

The scope of the mission was defined as to analyse the Technical Textile markets in the 4
countries USA, Brazil, South Korea and Japan in relation to
a) the World market
b) the European market and
c) the EU export performance in Technical Textiles in general.
Main product families covered by the study are:
 Yarn type Technical Textiles (like sewing threads or medical sutures)
 Fabric type Technical Textiles (like medical bandages or coated fabrics) – as roll
good
 Nonwovens – as roll good (such as for medical gowns and drapes, wipes,
geotextiles, filtration or auto acoustics)
As side products, TechTex raw materials are added under trade performance aspects, if
clearly identifiable as destined towards Technical Textiles (like high tenacity synthetic
filament). The same holds true for made up Technical Textiles (like made up tarpaulins,
safety belts or nonwoven garments). Manufactured end products made by using Technical
Textiles (like baby diapers, complete filtration systems or automotive car seats) are,
however, not part of the study.
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C.2. Market segmentation and consumption model

Global TechTex consumption
A new global TechTex consumption model established by Gherzi in the course of the
mission (for the three product families: i. nonwoven-roll goods, ii. yarn type Technical
Textiles - like sewing thread, ropes or medical sutures - and iii. fabric type Technical Textiles
on roll good level) comes to a 2014 global market size of 147 Bn USD or 28,375 kt of
Technical Textiles.
Between 2010 and 2014 the TT world market has grown by more than 6.7% per year.
Through above average growth, nonwovens have increased their share of the world market
in the a.m. period.
Regional TechTex consumption

Gherzi has established the EU TechTex consumption, production and trade data on the
base of nonwoven industry association data as well as Prodcom, Eurostat and Comtrade
data (adding – for fabrics and yarn type Technical Textiles – an estimate for ‘dual use’: see
more below on the topic of ‘dual use’). Then – assuming a correlation between GDP/capita
and TechTex consumption per capita – the 2014 TT consumption in the 4 countries of the
mission (plus a sum for the remaining regions in the world) has been estimated as follows:
EU 27.0 Bn USD (53,3 USD/capita) - 508 Mn inhabitants
USA 24.1 Bn USD (75,5 USD/capita) - 319 Mn inhabitants
Japan 9.4 Bn USD (74,0 USD/capita) - 127 Mn inhabitants
Brazil 4.2 Bn USD (20,8 USD/capita) - 202 Mn inhabitants
South Korea 3.3 Bn USD (66,0 USD/capita) - 50 Mn inhabitants
RoW 78.9 Bn USD (13,2 USD/capita) - 6,001 Mn inhabitants
World TT total 147 Bn USD (20,4 USD/capita) - 7,208 Mn inhabitants
Source: World Bank, Gherzi analysis and TT market model
(verified by commercially available TechTex studies)
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C.3. EU TechTex scenario

EU TechTex production and the ‘Dual Use’ issue
‘Dual use’ products are textile products (like cotton wovens) which can go into TT as well as
into, e.g., fashion or traditional hometextile – like bedding – applications. They sometimes
can thus not be identified in official statistics as clearly TT focused items. Gherzi estimates
‘Dual Use’ at 20% of total yarn type and fabric type TechTex production / import / export (that
is 25% on top of corresponding values singled out as Technical Textiles in the Prodcom /
Comtrade based nomenclature and codes), a factor which has been added to all
corresponding market data.
Nonwovens are not corrected for ‘dual use’ as
a) they are technical in nature (no dual use, e.g., in fashion)
b) Gherzi has relied mainly on nonwoven industry association data for production.
A more far reaching trade code definition of ‘nonwovens’ (including, e.g., bleached cotton
pads for hygiene) going beyond the definition of the nonwoven associations (EDANA, INDA,
Anfa) has nevertheless been used in the Gherzi analysis, especially for Nonwoven trade
related analysis.
Based on Prodcom (EU production statistics) data and incorporating an estimate for Dual
Use (‘DU’), 2014 EU TT production comes to 29.8 Bn USD representing a CAGR (annual
growth) of 4.6% compared to 2010. Nonwoven production in the EU outgrows yarn type and
fabric type TT production with 9% CAGR between 2010 and 2014.
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C.4. EU TT consumption and trade

Without TT raw materials (like synthetic high tenacity filaments) and TT made-ups (like made
up protective apparel), EU 2014 TT consumption was 27 Bn USD, of which 43% (11.5 Bn
USD) was imported. In the same year 48% of EU TT production was exported. Yarn type TT
production reached an export share of beyond 70% due chiefly to the historical worldwide
success of medical sutures made in the EU.
Whereas in value (USD) the EU trade balance is positive (+ 2.7 Bn USD in 2014) it is
negative in volume (kt) mainly due to large volumes of cheap greige fabric imports (e.g.
Polyester greige from Asia) for further processing (such as coating) in the EU.
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C.5. Overview on the regulatory and custom related TT framework

(Summary)
Four major aspects are impacting on trade of TT products have been analysed, namely
Forex, FTAs, Import Duties as well as TT specific norms and standards.
C.5.1. Forex (Foreign Exchange rates)

European export performance of Technical Textiles is strongly linked with forex evolution
where the past years scenario has not always been favourable. The observed ‘yo-yoing’ of
the Euro compared with foreign currencies – or the absence of stability – makes life difficult
for EU exporters who cannot easily predict currency fluctuation and adapt their selling prices
on a daily basis. Long term export strategies – if consequently pursued – do, however,
request a minimum level of Forex visibility in order to mitigate risks.
C.5.2. Free Trade Agreements (‘FTAs’)

2005 has been a turning point in international trade relationships with the emergence and
proliferation of numerous Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Trade Preference Programs
(TPAs). This has been the case for most of the four studied countries, except Brazil which
has not been lately engaged in any active trade negotiations with partner countries and / or
regions. Those FTAs have sometimes radically revamped the way supply chains are
organised by allowing to specific countries a preferential access to large consuming zones
under certain preconditions (such as the yarn forward rule in NAFTA / CAFTA agreements).
Nevertheless, the tangible effects of the coming into force of FTAs are sometimes quite
modest in terms of trade. This has been observed for the four studied countries where non-
FTA regulated imports remain the ‘norm’ in several TT product categories. As an example,
the implementation of the EU-Korea FTA since 2011 has not significantly changed the trade
situation in TT products between both partners. The same holds true for the absence of an
EU-US FTA, which has not hindered EU TT producers to grow their sales to the US market
by 8% p.a. between 2010 and 2014 to an EU TT export level of 2.3 Bn USD in 2014.
However, there are several FTAs being currently discussed which can – if ratified –
ultimately have an impact (positive or negative) on European TT SMEs’ export performance
to the 4 countries:
 The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP),

 The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP),
 The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP),
 The EU-Japan FTA and
 The EU-Mercosur Association Agreement
C.5.3. Import duty

Whilst the EU benefits from a 0% duty regime with Korea since the coming into force of an
FTA in 2011, the situation is very different with Brazil. In this country, import duties constitute
a strong trade barrier with rates ranging from 18% to 35% for products which are produced
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locally. Low import duties @ 2% are usually applicable to products such as containing, e.g.,
aramids and which are, therefore, difficult to source locally.
In Japan, the situation is contrasted depending on the product category. However, very few
import duties are above 10% and a significant number of products already benefit from low
import duties, i.e. 5% and below.
In the USA, several TT products in yarn type, fabric type and nonwovens, have already a 0%
import duty rate. However, it is important to notice that the US HS codes list is sometimes
much more detailed than that of other countries with a myriad of different import duties for
the same category of products. This is for example the case for some fabric type products
(e.g. HS 5903 – coated textile fabric), where 4 different import duty rates co-exist.
C.5.4. Norms and standards

Even if it is part of ‘business as usual’, understanding and complying with Technical Textile
norms and standards being in force in foreign countries is often synonymous with complexity,
costs and delays for European companies. In this respect, such norms and standards are
viewed as an important non-tariff barrier impacting negatively on the export performance of
European Technical Textile SMEs.
There are three major aspects which need to be taken into consideration concerning the
export hurdles linked with norms and standards, i.e.
(i) the lack of reliable sources of information and support
(ii) the preference (over e.g. ISO norms) given to local norms and standards and
(iii) the prohibitive costs of getting products tested and certified in foreign countries.
Over the last recent years, specific initiatives (such as by INDA/EDANA, EU/USA or Carbon
Composites e.V., Germany) have been implemented, showcasing possible tangible
improvements in the norming ‘jungle’, which remains one of the most difficult non-tariff
barriers to overcome.
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C.6. Cost analysis and segmentation

Factor cost analysis
Substantial factor cost (labour, energy) differences exist between the EU and the four
countries analysed in the course of this mission as well as within the EU. At that respect, the
EU does not benefit from any cost advantage vis-à-vis others, with European companies
usually operating in a ‘high cost’ business environment; This before the background that the
EU is not any more regarded as a source for more price sensitive commodities, which are
often sourced from China. This needs to be considered when looking at the export
competitiveness of the EU in the global TechTex market.
This situation leads to the following question:
How can European Technical Textiles producers compete in export markets taking into
consideration their relative cost disadvantage compared to other regions?
Two cost parameters emerge as critical factors enabling the conceptual identification of so-
called ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable’ TT products to be exported from Europe. Those
parameters consist of
(i) the sensitivity to transport costs namely the value of exported goods per container
which is a fixed cost – for, e.g., shipment to the USA – and
(ii) the level of labour intensity.
Using a cost analysis tool, the following conclusions have been identified:
 Low value per kg / labour intensive / or transport cost sensitive TechTex products are
difficult to export outside of the European perimeter (e.g.: FIBC-Big bags or any other
product considered as a commodity and easily sourced from Asia)
 Higher value per kg products / differentiated specialties / or products with a relatively low
labour content have a good chance to be globalised in terms of sales (see success of
EU PVC coaters like Ferrari (F), Sioen (B), Heytex (D) or Verseidag (D) on the world
market)
 Product differentiation (e.g. sophisticated finished products like ballistic vests containing
para-aramid or medical sutures) overrules cost aspects and allows for worldwide
shipment of high end EU TechTex products (if not blocked or partially blocked – such as
in the case of ballistic vests – by trade barriers like the Berry Amendment re. US security
forces or the Buy American act re. all other public tenders in the USA).
Non cost success factors in exports
However, this theoretical reflection on costs being a decisive factor for limiting TT exports, is
contradicted by the success of European nonwoven exporters, especially to the USA* but not
only. In theory, nonwovens – due to their transport cost sensitiveness and generally lower
level of value added (compared to wovens, for example) – would be consumed where they
are produced while in reality they constitute one of Europe’s most successful TT overseas
export categories. **
* However, EU Nonwoven exports to the USA have enjoyed 0% duties since the 1982 Uruguay round
** This conclusion is based on export data as of the UN source ‘Comtrade‘. EU Nonwoven industry
internal and confidential export data come to a lower volume of exports in the EDANA industry
association definition of the relevant Nonwoven categories. For reasons of consistency the entire
Gherzi trade flow analysis in this report is based, however, on UN Comtrade data only.
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Thus 6 non-cost success factors in exports of TT products have been identified by Gherzi,
which are overruling cost related barriers to exports, if in place.
In practice, this signifies opportunities for EU TechTex producers to base their export
success on other factors than just cost.
Those non-cost success factors are listed below:
I. Product nomination (such as nomination of fabrics or nonwovens by automotive OEMs =
vehicle producers)
Product nomination is a common practice in many industrial sectors aiming at pre-defining
and imposing beforehand product specifications in terms of cost, availability, quality,
performance and sustainability. The automotive industry has been a past master of
developing product nomination among Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers and European
TechTex producers benefit from their proximity to large European car manufacturers. This
proximity allows them to co-develop specific products which are ultimately imposed to the
entire supply chain. This product nomination process could explain the presence of
European TechTex products in different export markets worldwide despite alternative
sourcing options either local or offshore.
II. Operational excellence and differentiation through technology
i. Operational performance and competitiveness through state-of-the-art manufacturing
technology
Investments in state-of-the-art technologies and equipment have been the backbone of the
European success in Technical Textiles. Excluded from most of the TechTex commodities’
export markets to the benefits of Asian suppliers offering cost competitive prices, the lifeline
for many European TechTex manufacturers has consisted in strengthening operational
excellence and industrial performance through an aggressive investment-intensive strategy
aiming at maintaining an innovative competitive edge over other countries and regions. In
many markets, this capacity to remain a highly innovative reliable manufacturer with
international reputation could largely offset the cost disadvantage associated with European
producers. TechTex products users may thus prefer to opt for consistency in quality,
innovation and timely delivery rather than lower prices.
ii. Fabric specifications (e.g. special width) only available with few suppliers
Many European TechTex manufacturers have become pure niche players in market
segments where only very few companies still operate on a global scale. This situation
mechanically restricts the sourcing options for certain customers. This is especially true
when application specific know-how is of importance, like in Geotextiles, Filtration or Medical
Textiles or where extra wide fabric or nonwoven widths (e.g. up to and beyond 5m) become
important.
III. Product differentiation and R&D
i. Product differentiation by quality, fabric and design
The intricate relationships existing among European academia, research centres, textile
machine OEMS and TechTex producers organised in several leading clusters offer a unique
combination difficult to find elsewhere in the world. These powerful and innovative networks
of expertise lead to the reinforcement of excellent manufacturers capable to develop
innovative products and new solutions. This is part of the explanation regarding the high
reputation of European TechTex products in export markets. Even in so-called difficult
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countries like Korea and Japan, European TechTex manufacturers are usually viewed as
‘new idea providers’ for existing and new TechTex applications.
ii. R&D driven innovation not available from a local (US, Brazil, Korea, Japan) producer
Technical Textiles are a world of specialists. Some European TechTex manufacturers are
able to maintain and protect their innovative edge through constant R&D efforts. These R&D
investments are also possible thanks to the existence of specific incentive packages
implemented by European countries or the EU Commission. At that respect each European
country has its own policy aiming at supporting R&D among industrial SMEs either through
specific schemes for collaborative R&D (e.g. through local R&D institutes) or via fiscal
incentives.
IV. Non-availability of the functionality (product to fulfil a specific function) or of raw
materials from a local (US, Brazil, Korea, Japan) producer
Following the example of driver III, some European TechTex manufacturers have been able
to establish a unique and strong market position through the development of specific
functionalities for a given product, e.g., in ETFE coated glass fabrics for long lasting (20
years plus) public buildings (like airports or stadiums). If no local supply is possible for those
functionalities, it becomes an opportunity for the European manufacturer of such product.
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C.7. TT market scenario for the four countries of the mission

The 4 countries covered by the Gherzi mission imported 3.1 Bn USD of Technical Textiles
from the EU in 2014. 73% of this value went to the USA, which also showed the highest
growth rates in EU TechTex imports. The highest import market share (= TT imports from the
EU divided by total TT imports in any given country) is attained – with about 20% TT import
share – by EU producers in the USA and in Brazil.
C.7.1. USA
C.7.1.1. Key data
Population 319 Mn
TT consumption / capita 76 USD / a
TechTex consumption (roll good and threads) 24.1 Bn USD
TechTex imports 12.2 Bn USD
% import share 51%
TechTex imports from EU 2.28 Bn USD
EU share of TechTex imports 19%
Source: Gherzi analysis
Outside of the EU (EUTechTex consumption 2014: 27.1 Bn USD) the USA (TechTex
consumption 2014: 24.1 Bn USD) is the largest single TechTex market worldwide.
With 2.3 Bn USD EU TechTex export volume towards the USA, the USA is also the largest
single non-EU export market for European TT producers.
On top would need to be considered EU shipments to the two other Nafta countries, namely
Mexico and Canada, where the purchasing decision is often made in the USA (such as for
TT products being used in the ~ 6 Mn motor vehicles produced in these two countries).
Casting a judgement on the 2.3 Bn USD 2014 EU TT exports to the USA, it also needs to be
considered that in many instances EU TechTex producers have established manufacturing
locations in the USA, replacing hitherto imported materials.
Apart from its sheer size, the US market is also attractive because of its growth of 5-6% p.a.
in the forecast ‘till 2020 (thereby adding 9 Bn USD additional demand for Technical Textiles
between 2014 and 2020). This growth is fuelled especially by the growth of the Buildtech,
Indutech and Mobiltech sector, a.o. through the impact of new legislation or government
targets, e.g., in filtration or miles per gallon vehicle fuel efficiency.
It needs to be remembered, though, that the USA – partially in parallel or ahead of Europe –
has been the inventor of many technologies used in Technical Textiles today starting from
high tech fibres (such as Aramids or UHMW-PE), over nonwovens (like spunbond NW) to
defence and aerospace related composites and composite reinforcement (such as
aerospace prepregs or honeycomb) materials.
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Furthermore, the USA ‘excels’ in erecting non-tariff trade barriers (Gherzi view) via standards
and norms little coordinated or directed from a central US American body (except for security
forces, where the ‘Berry Amendment’ and the ‘Buy American Act’ close out all foreign non-
US suppliers and to a certain extent nonwovens, where the INDA industry organisation
enjoys some success in harmonizing US-wide norms).
Despite these hurdles, EU producers so far have been doing well on the US American
market outgrowing the market (+8% EU producer CAGR 2010-2014 vs. ~ 5% US TT market
CAGR 2010-2014) and thus increasing their market share. However, the main source for EU
producer success on the US American market was founded on nonwovens and fabric type
TechTex exports, while growing EU twine / cord / cable component exports could not entirely
compensate for the loss of export volumes in sutures in the ‘yarn type’ TechTex category.
In terms of US import competition – thus not considering competition from local US
producers – the key players competing with EU producers in the higher end of the market
(not considering China) come from the two other Nafta countries Canada and Mexico.
Thus, EU producers clearly outperform (in terms of TechTex sales to the USA) Japan as the
other high end key competitor on global TechTex markets.
C.7.1.2. Key trade and market related trends

Gherzi has interviewed in the course of the EU TechTex mission 11 TT producers / TT
customers and 3 associations / trade organisations in the USA itself and collected the views
of 17 EU TT producers and 4 EU associations / trade organisations (other than the project
steering committee members Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) regarding the US TT market.
All of the EU TT producer companies interviewed by Gherzi had experience in dealing with
the US market, as this is generally the prio 1 non-EU export market for EU TT producers.
High entry barriers into the US market were mentioned by all interviewed parties in the EU,
such as in the form of:
- A vast basket of standards and norms to be respected, often differing by state (the
USA has 50 states) or even county (county or city fire marshals – to give an example –
can set their own norms)
- High certification costs (up to 100 K USD per test) in a limited number of
accredited, chiefly US based laboratories
- Rules and regulations enforcing local production (such as Berry Amendment for defence
related products or Buy American Act for public tenders) spilling over into so far non-
regulated areas (like industrial Protech)
- Duties and levies on TT imports from the EU (often beyond 10%)
- Ever shortening ‘time to market’ demands by US customers, requiring a local
logistical infrastructure (or production) in the USA.
Despite these hurdles almost all interviewed EU TT producers see good market opportunities
in the USA due to the recognized level of innovation and quality of EU made TT products
meeting a large market and customer base open for new products and innovations.
From the side of the interviewed US TT companies, associations and organisations the
strength of EU TT producers was seen in …
- High level of quality and innovation
- Technology leaders in many TT products (as well as in machines required to produce the
same).
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However, in parallel, such strengths are associated with key EU producer weaknesses …
- Unwillingness to supply commodities
- Long time to market (up to 10 weeks by ship), as most EU producers have no
logistical structure (warehouse) or production in the USA
- Inflexibility in pricing
- Sometime little understanding of US standards and norms and
- Non-US origin for publically tendered products.
Nevertheless, the numbers show that if higher end TT products are imported – and thus not
sourced from Nafta regions – the preferred source is Europe (well ahead of Japan or Korea).
Often EU producers are thus highly welcome in the USA, because they come with new
product ideas or new technologies, a weakness which is associated by interviewed parties
with local US American producers, who are often focusing on the US American or Nafta
home market only.
Also, there are a number of TT product segments (like paper machine clothing) with a limited
number of US producers, whereby US customer’s welcome foreign suppliers.
The advantages of setting up a production in the USA were stressed again and again in the
course of the Gherzi US field interviews.
Indeed, a number of EU TT companies have established US operations in the past (most
recent examples include German nonwoven producers Polyvlies GmbH and Sandler GmbH).
Nevertheless, EU TT exports to the USA – a 2.3 Bn USD business in 2014 – have been
growing at 8% CAGR between 2010 and 2014 and are expected to continue to grow in the
future.
C.7.1.3. Key Success Factors (‘KSF’) to profit from market

opportunities
With 19% TT import share (2014), EU TT suppliers are already a major force to reckon with
in the US TT market. The following KSF are important for US export success (see also
SWOT analysis in the main report):
a) Tackle with local norms and standards
- A high barrier for European SMEs is the standard and norm issue, as there is an
intransparent ‘jungle of norms’ in the USA with
• national (US American) norms like ASTM, USDA or FDA certificates
• state norms (e.g. SEAOC) or county (like fire marshal) norms (Industry
• association norms (such as American Bakery Association)
• private organisation norms, like from the insurance company Factory
Mutual (FM) for, e.g., roofing membranes.
On top come government acts excluding non-US producers from certain tenders like
the Berry Amendment for US security forces or the Buy American Act for public
tenders. Also, even if ISO norms exist (where the USA has been supporting the
norming process), they are often not accepted in the USA in favour of local norms (e.g.
industrial PPE – Personal Protective Equipment – and fluorescent workwear).
The sheer number of norms to be respected in the USA together with the costs per test
between 5 K USD and 100 K USD (example roofing membranes) and a limited number
of accredited (chiefly US American) laboratories represents a high barrier not only but
especially for EU SMEs.
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Overcoming this initial barrier is thus the first KSF which is in practice today often
realized in close collaboration between an EU producer and his interested US
customer.
b) Shorten the time to market
- Shortening the time to market is another key success factor for the US market. This
can be realized (for TT exports from Europe) by establishing a local US logistical
presence, be it 100% EU producer owned or through a tie-up with a local distributor
(like Composite One, a 900 Mn USD distributor in composite materials with 40
warehouses all over the USA). Often this logistical presence needs to be set up – due
to the size of the market – at least on the east as well as on the west coast of the
States.
c) Focus on high growth market segments
- Focusing on the large number of above average growth segments would be the next
KSF in Gherzi’s view – in summary chiefly the …
• Buildtech
• Filtration
• Mobiltech
• Geotech
• Smart textiles for non-Protech (like Medtech or industrial Protech)
… markets.
This is excluding security forces related Protech (like for Defence Forces) blocked by
import prohibiting trade barriers (e.g. Berry Amendment).
Once the export volume to the USA becomes large enough a local production might be a
good answer to many of the challenges described before. However, before reaching this
point, exports out of an EU TT production site is a feasible and successful route into the US
market.
Important further background information regarding opportunities for EU producers in the
USA is given in the SWOT (Strengths / Weaknesses – Opportunities / Threats) and Key
opportunities parts of the main report (Part D – 7.1.8 and 7.1.9).
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C.7.2. Brazil
C.7.2.1. Key data
Population 202 Mn (63% of USA)
TT consumption / capita 20.8 USD / a (28% of USA)
TechTex consumption (roll good and threads) 4.2 Bn USD (17% of USA)
TechTex imports 1.15 Bn USD (9% of USA)
% import share 27% (51% in USA)
TechTex imports from EU 0.22 Bn USD (2.28 Bn USD in USA)
EU share of TechTex imports 20% (19% in USA)
Compared to the size of the population (200 Mn people) the Brazilian TechTex market is
relatively small (per capita only 28% of USA), corresponding more or less to the difference in
USA – Brazil per capita GDP (21 K USD / a in Brazil vs 76 K USD / a in the USA).
With 223 Mn USD related EU TT export volume, Brazil is also a relatively small market for
EU TechTex suppliers chiefly due to the following facts:
1. Only 27% of all Technical Textiles consumed in Brazil are imported (vs 51% in the
USA)
2. Brazil tends to import cheap commodities from Asia (38% of Brazil TT imports 2014,
not considering S. Korea) or from duty-free Mercosur partners (13% of Brazil TT
imports 2014) rather than high end products from expensive EU suppliers.
Nevertheless, in the higher end of the market EU producers (19% TT import share in 2014)
are coming close – in terms of TT exports to Brazil – to the combined USA / Mexico position
(together 22% 2014 TT import share).
The Brazilian industry and governmental organisations are highly protectionist when it comes
to protect indigenous Brazilian TT production.
EU exports of medical sutures to Brazil, to give an example, collapsed from 144 Mn USD in
2010 to 12 Mn USD in 2014 when local suture production was established in Brazil
(company Covidien a.o.), subsequently to which the Brazilian government raised duties on
suture imports to prohibitive levels.
Thus, today, the EU is supplying to Brazil chiefly products which are not produced locally.
In Brazil, the years 2015 / 2016 are marked by the drastic economic crisis in the country, so
that very likely the above quantified 2014 EU TT export numbers to Brazil might have
continued their decline into 2015.
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customers and 2 associations in Brazil itself and collected the views of 17 EU TT producers
and 4 associations / trade organisations (other than the steering committee members
Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) regarding the Brazilian TT market.
Most of the EU producers interviewed by Gherzi had limited experience in Brazil as the
market was judged difficult or partially impossible to access (if duty rates went above 20%);
this also due to the current economic crisis in the Brazilian market.
Thus mentioned as limitations to future growth in EU exports to Brazil were:
• High duty barriers (often > 20%) which Brazil is erecting against imports of products
which are produced locally
• Generic policy in Brazil of import replacement leading to the risk of IP being copied to
set up a local Brazilian production
• Difficult to recruit personnel in Brazil qualified to sell highly engineered EU TechTex
products (like geotextiles or filtration)
• Strong local competition specifically in nonwovens (companies Berry-Providencia,
Fitesa, Ober, DuPont Cipatex, amongst others).
Given these hurdles and the collapse of the Brazilian TT market between 2013 and 2014 few
EU producers have the ‘standing’ to continue prospecting the Brazilian market at the time of
this report (exception: EU producers with local production sites in Brazil or companies – such
as from the geotextile side – who have invested years to train and build up local commercial
personnel in Brazil itself).
Total EU TT exports to Brazil have gone down sharply after the collapse of suture sales in
2013 (erection of duty barriers to protect new local producers) and have only gradually
recovered in 2014 only to be very likely negatively impacted again by the economic crisis of
2015/2016.

opportunities
The KSF for Brazil TT exports can be summarized as (see also SWOT analysis in the main
report)
1. Identifying TT products which are not produced locally
2. Identifying the right personnel which can educate the Brazilian market in respect to the
EU TT product advantages and who can thus sell complex EU TT solutions against the
prevailing low end (local) products.
Standards and norms are less of an issue in Brazil as these are often formulated along
prevailing international examples.
Regarding further background information in repsect to opportunities for EU producers in
Brazil Part D – 7.2.8 and 7.2.9 (SWOT and Key opportunities) might also be of importance.
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C.7.3. South Korea

C.7.3.1. Key data
TT consumption / capita 66 USD / a (87% of USA)
TechTex imports from EU 0.23 Bn USD (10% of USA)
Korea must be considered as a highly industrialized country with a GDP per capita above the
2014 EU average.
In the recent past South Korea’s textile industry has realized a shift from traditional (like
fashion oriented) textiles towards Technical Textiles and nonwovens. This has gone hand in
hand with growth in demand for Technical Textiles driven, e.g., by the success of the local
vehicle industry and a striving medical sector (including – for example – a boom in cosmetic
surgery driving up demand for medical sutures).
In parallel to growing demand, though, South Korea has established …
• a strong local man-made fibre industry (almost all fibres needed for Technical Textiles
are produced locally)
• a significant local nonwoven production
• an import replacement industry in higher value added articles (like, e.g., medical sutures
or airbags for cars).
TechTex imports in South Korea today come mainly from China (low end products) and
Japan (high end products).
EU producers seem underrepresented in the S. Korean TechTex market:
• EU share of S. Korean TechTex import: 11% (vs. 19% in the USA)
• All companies in the sample of EU companies interviewed by Gherzi in the context of
the EU TechTex mission confirmed that they do not have either significant sales or a
good knowledge and formal marketing approach to the S. Korean TechTex market.
South Korea is a very open trade oriented country having signed FTAs with Europe, the
USA, Japan and China amongst others.
In TechTex exports to S. Korea EU producers are chiefly competing with Japan and the USA
as suppliers to the higher end of the market.
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Gherzi has interviewed – in the course of the EU TechTex mission – 13 TT producers / TT
customers and 4 associations / trade organisations in S. Korea itself and collected the views
of 17 EU TT producers and 4 EU associations / trade organisations (other than those
represented on the project steering committee, namely Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS)
regarding their views of the S. Korean TT market.
The interviewed EU TT producers were mainly from the SME sector. Most of them had no or
limited experience in Korea due to limited resources (concentrated instead on the potentially
larger US TT market opportunity).
The strength of the local Korean TT competition was given – by EU TT producers – as
another argument for the so far weak export presence on the Korean market.
From the side of Korean TT companies, associations and organisations, the strength of EU
TT producers was seen in …
• Innovation and creativity (e.g. in sun protection)
• Medtech in general
• Strong brands in consumer related products (e.g. Sporttech)
• Image of quality and of reliability (important for, e.g., Mobiltech or Hygiene)
• Experience in inherent FR fibres, fabrics and garments (for Protech).
However, it was often cited that the low end of TT products was generally imported from
China (proximity, costs) and the high end – where not produced locally – from Japan (quality,
proximity, well-functioning logistics).
As was mentioned earlier in this report, it needs to be noted also, that there is a dedicated
effort by the Korean industry to build up local higher end TT production (including raw
materials) to a sophistication level comparable with Japan and the EU.
In automotive airbags, to give an example, Korea has started by building up a certified PA
(Polyamide) yarn production (Hyosung Group) and then moved forward to fabric production
and airbag assembly a.o. through the acquisition of company Global Safety Textiles (GST) in
Germany. The same strategy to build up a local production in high value added TT products
has been observed, to give another example, in medical sutures (as has been mentioned
before). The smart textile alliance between Korean fabric producers and local electronic
giants (like Samsung or LG) is another example of the strategy to build up a high end S.
Korean TechTex industry competing with Japan, the USA and the EU.
On the other hand, Korea is a comparably open market having signed FTAs with almost
every major trading partner worldwide and is relatively open (especially compared to the
USA) to accept proven international standards and norms.
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opportunities
The entry door into the Korean market for EU producers as seen by the interviewed parties is
innovation (see also SWOT analysis in the main report) like
– New applications for TT solutions
– New functions or durable functions
– Catering to the Medtech and Hygiene boom in Korea
– Transferring EU creativity like in sun shading or artificial leather
– Providing application and customer specific solutions (like in filtration)
– Transferring brand values in products close to the consumer (Hygiene, Sporttech,
…).
What was often cited, though, is that – compared to Japan (who was seen as the major EU
competitor in S. Korean TT imports) – the EU access routes and delays are too long for an
on par innovation level in Technical Textiles with Japan.
“While Europe is competitive in TT yarns, nonwovens and fabrics, there still remains the
geographical and mental disadvantage compared to Japan” was an often cited remark.
Although trade barriers in form of Korea specific TT standards and norms exist (such as in
Medtech), these were not mentioned, as S. Korean standards are often worked out close to
European (EN) or international (ISO) formulations.
The currently ongoing work in Korea to formulate new Protech norms might even work in
favour of EU producers, if actively influenced towards well proven European Protech
standards and norms.
In many areas where proximity plays a decisive role (working against EU – and in favour or
Japanese producers) tying up with a suitable partner in Korea in the form of a strategic
licence manufacturing alliance or royalty / commission based distribution agreement might
be the best answer to the key success factors when entering the South Korean market.
For this case, however, IP protection was cited by EU producers as the most critical
limitation.
Regarding further background information in respect to opportunities for EU producers in
South Korea Part D – 7.3.8 and 7.3.9 (SWOT and Key opportunities) might also be of
importance.
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C.7.4. Japan
C.7.4.1. Key data
With 9.4 Bn USD TT consumption Japan is the second largest TT market (behind the USA)
of the 4 analysed countries.
Japan is not only one of the highest industrialized countries in the world (GDP / capita more
or less equivalent to the USA and above the EU28 average), but also one of the early
pioneers in Technical Textiles.
Stemming from a strong upstream industry (Polymer to yarn or nonwoven), with global
players like Teijin, Toray, Kuraray, Asahi or Toyobo, Japan has developed a strong
Technical Textile sector.
Over the last couple of years Japanese TechTex producers have erected many production
sites in China and other non-Japan – Asian countries with whom FTA agreements have been
signed (Thailand, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, etc.). This is including Vietnam in view of an
eventual ratification of the TPP agreement. These Japanese owned offshore factories supply
either the local market (like in China) or serve as TT commodity production sites for the
Japanese market or for North America. The local Japanese TT producers thereby focus their
Japanese production sites on R&D intensive high-end Technical Textile products only.
A special characteristic of the Japanese TT market is the very strong and long term funded
linkage of all Japanese producers in a given TT value chain (from fibre over roll good and
ready-made part to the OEM, industrial end user or consumer good distributor).
These closely inter-linked value chains – communicating essentially only in Japanese
language – make it difficult for foreign companies to penetrate the Japanese market, if not
present through a local production, JV or exclusive distribution tie-up with a Japanese
partner.
This fact in essence explains the relatively weak EU TT export volume to Japan of 0.38 Bn
USD in 2014.
Despite the general stagnating economic situation (Japan GDP growth 2016 expected
around 0%) TechTex consumption in Japan is growing at a rate of 4-5% p.a. (both in the
period 2010-2014 as well as in the expectation for 2014-2020) fuelled by changing life styles
and an aging population, growing housing construction and major infrastructure projects,
amongst others.
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EU exports to Japan (0.38 Bn USD in 2014) are based on a relatively small product basket.
Medical sutures (74 Mn USD), Medical bandages (40 Mn USD) and (chiefly spunlace)
carded NW (72 Mn USD) explain 50% of total EU TT exports to Japan.
This indicates towards the fact that there exists a more general issue of how to enter the
Japanese market (especially given the SME structure of the EU TT industry) rather than a
specific weakness of EU TT producers in view of the Japanese competition in one or another
TechTex product domain or technology.

customers and 4 institutions in Japan itself and collected the views of 17 EU TT producers
and 4 associations / trade organisations (other than the project steering committee members
Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) regarding the Japanese TT market.
Few of the EU producers interviewed by Gherzi in the course of the study had experience
with the Japanese market due to
i. little knowledge of the market itself
ii. preference of Japanese customers to buy from local suppliers, and
iii. Japan (other than, e.g., the USA) not being considered a priority market.
As there was so little experience in selling to Japan, the know-how on the EU producers’ side
about entry barriers into the Japanese market was very small.
From the side of the parties interviewed in Japan, the main entry barrier was seen in the
decade long collaboration of Tier 3 / Tier 2 / Tier 1 end-user value chain partners with written
and non-written bilaterally agreed norms and standards on how to work together.
Often, effective standards are set by the industry itself (between sellers and users) and
subsequently formulated into norms by the Japan Standard Association.
This strong web of inter-relationships of Japanese supply partners – where communication
often takes place exclusively in Japanese – is the principle non-tariff barrier for EU TT
producers selling on the Japanese market.
Undercutting Japanese TT producers in price does not help either, as many of them (the
Japanese TT producers) operate factories in non-Japan low cost Asian locations.

opportunities
With 10% TT import share EU TT suppliers remain relatively weak on the Japanese market
(see also SWOT analysis in the main report):
i. Language barriers (most commercial communication in Japan is in Japanese only) and
ii. Close knit value chain tie-ups in Japan combined with the strength of the TT industry in
a faraway market
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… are the main reasons – given the chiefly SME structure of the EU Technical Textile
industry.
The relative lack of innovative EU produced fibres and polymers (compared to Japanese
benchmark companies like Toray, Teijin or Kuraray) is another success restricting factor
mentioned by Japanese interview partners in the course of Gherzi interviews in Japan.
Given these barriers and the small average size of the EU TechTex producer, working
through Japanese trading houses like Itochu, Marubeni-Intex, Sumitomo or Sojitz
Corporation might be the most promising route to overcome the above mentioned hurdle
rates to selling EU made TechTex products in Japan.
Regarding further background information in respect to opportunities for EU producers on the
Japanese market Part D – 7.4.8 and 7.4.9 (SWOT and Key opportunities) might also be of
importance.
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C.8. Conclusions and recommendations

In this section, Gherzi has listed the TechTex industry and country-specific recommendations
as well as actions and initiatives which could be launched by EU organisations and
associations.
C.8.1. EU TechTex (‘TT’) producers in general

In 2014 the EU reached a TT production of 29.8 Bn USD. Between 2010 and 2014 TT
exports to non-EU countries grew by a CAGR of 5% to 14.2 Bn USD in 2014. Total EU TT
export growth in this period (+ 2.66 Bn USD) was generated by:
 Yarn type Technical Textiles: - 0.73 Bn USD (loss of world market shares in medical
sutures)
 Fabric type Technical Textiles: + 0.72 Bn USD
 Nonwovens: + 2.67 Bn USD

Before this background, the general recommendations for EU TT production as a whole
could be summarized as follows:
i. Working on the improvement of the relative cost competitiveness in products being
produced in larger volumes - especially in terms of energy consumption.
ii. As of Gherzi interviews, the key USP (‘unique selling proposition’) of the EU TT industry
is its innovativeness. Maintaining high R&D levels on company level therefor plays an
essential role for the future competitiveness of EU TT producers on the world market.
iii. The TT industry in Europe is marked by its SME (‘small and medium enterprise’)
structure. At the same time, TT products, because of their functional nature, require a
good local (in the country of destination) sales structure explaining to customers and
end-users the advantages of application specific (‘tailored’) TT solutions from the EU.
EU companies with a complementary product portfolio should ‘club together’ to jointly
attack far away markets like the 4 countries having been analysed in this study.
C.8.2. Country-specific recommendations

Country-specific recommendations have been identified through an extensive desk analysis
and field work carried out by the Gherzi team highlighting promising market opportunities and
actions to improve the EU export performance in Technical Textiles in each of the 4
countries.
C.8.2.1. USA
Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to the US have been growing by a
CAGR of 8% to 2.28 Bn USD. Total EU TT export growth in this period (+ 0.56 Bn USD) was
generated by:
 Yarn type Technical Textiles: - 0.03 Bn USD (loss of market shares in medical
sutures)
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The USA TT market is very large (No. 2 in the world behind the EU), growing (≥ 5% p.a. ‘till
2020) and open to EU producer innovations, new product concepts and technologies.
EU producers already enjoy a strong import position, beating Japan to the No. 1 High End
import supplier.
Recommendations from field work in the US and from complementary Gherzi analysis can
be summarized as follows:
i. Exploit market opportunities in above average CAGR (annual growth) sophisticated non
wovens (‘NW’)
a. Mobiltech (growth of vehicle production, lighter cars)
b. Filtration (ever stricter legislation and increasing quality control of products by US
industry users)
c. Geotech (wovens substitution by non wovens)
d. Medtech (wipes, gowns & drapes, etc.)
e. Digital print fabrics (replacing wovens)
f. New NW technologies (split fibres, bi-component – ‘Bico’ – fibres, NW/film
laminates, etc.)
ii. Respond to Mobiltech opportunities driven by the US government’s 50-52.5 mpg (miles
per gallon) year 2025 target
a. Low weight auto acoustics
b. FRP (fibre reinforced plastics) composite reinforcements and prepregs (pre-
impregnated fabrics)
c. Sophisticated CF (carbon fibre) reinforced composites (like propshafts or
structural = load bearing auto components)
d. Etc.
iii. Generally exploit opportunities in above average growth markets in the USA
a. Filtration
b. Buildtech (sun shading, architectural membranes, roofing, etc.)
c. Smart clothing and industrial Protech (protective apparel)
d. CF (carbon fibre) Composite reinforcements and prepregs
To overcome the two major entry barriers into the US TT market, namely …
- Standards / Norms and corresponding resources required for certification
- Request for shorter time to market
… EU SME companies need to find ways to overcome the disadvantages of scale, such as
e.g. through:
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- Customer alliances (possibly coupled with exclusivity agreements) for certification

- US distributor agreements or
- Alternatively, joint (with complementary EU TT companies) local US commercial and
logistical set-ups.
Last it is important to be represented in the USA on at least the east as well as on the west
coast. A local US American logistical set up is also often very helpful to shorten the ‘time to
market’ in general judged as too long (for the case of EU suppliers) by companies
interviewed by Gherzi in the USA.
The local TechTex specific supplier scenario is highlighted by a sample of company profiles
included in Appendix 9.8.1.
C.8.2.2. Brazil
Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to Brazil have decreased by a CAGR of
10% to 0.22 Bn USD. Change of EU TT export growth in this period (- 0.12 Bn USD) was
generated by:
sutures)

The Brazil market is relatively small (correlating with low GDP / capita in the country) and
more or less closed to imports of those TT products which are also produced locally.
The low growth perspectives ‘till 2020, expressed by interviewed parties in Brazil, represent
an additional difficulty for EU producers (on top of currency issues in disfavour of EU
production).
Growth in demand for high end EU TT product solutions has to be created (e.g. through
dedicated road shows or TT fairs in the country) and cannot be expected to materialize by
itself as the general knowledge of Brazilian industry federations and end users about high
end Technical Textiles outside of – to give an example – Agrotech, Packtech, Hygiene
nonwovens and Mobiltech seems very weak.
Before this background the Gherzi recommendation regarding Brazil can be summarized as
follows:
i. As borders in Brazil (without ratification of a future Mercosur-EU Free Trade Agreement)
are more or less closed to products which are available from local producers, higher end
solutions need to promoted by EU producers (e.g. via application specific road shows)
where a local Brazilian production has not been set up as of now and where application
specific know-how serves as an entry barrier against local Brazilian producers. Such
products could be found in growing markets (in the sophisticated end) for
a) Geotech
b) Medtech
c) Protech (incl. smart clothing)
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d) Filtration
e) CF (carbon fibre) composites
ii. A government to government initiative could be launched to profit from the planned high
growth in Brazilian agro production for which the EU TT companies could demonstrate
their know-how and expertise, such as in the field of crop protection, irrigation or
greenhouse farming.
C.8.2.3. South Korea

Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to S. Korea have been growing by a
CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 3% to 0.23 Bn USD. Total EU TT export growth in
this period (+ 0.03 Bn USD) was generated by:
sutures)

Even though small (compared to the US market), the South Korean TT market is established
on a high level of sophistication and thus well suited to EU producer TechTex competences.
The South Korean TT industry is, though, building on a well established, strong local fibre
industry and is striving to replace high end TT imports such as coming from Japan.
Despite an existing FTA (‘Free Trade Agreement’) between the EU and South Korea, the
overall EU TT export volume to S. Korea remains small (below 250 Mn USD). Few EU
companies have established a sizeable presence on this market as of today:
 The EU TT industry is marked by SMEs focusing – regarding non EU export

initiatives – primarily on the USA because of market size
 The strong competition from Japan on the South Korean TT market enjoying
advantages of regional and cultural proximity
To overcome these issues, the EU industry might chose to…
 Concentrate efforts on the most attractive opportunities, where Europe is a highly

respected producer (see S.Korea Opportunity Matrix under § 7.3.9)
 Seek means to overcome the disadvantages of small company size such as

o Shared commercial structures
o Joint commission based distribution agreements with one or a small number
of Korean partners
o Strategic tie-ups like license manufacturing or the like
o Marketing joint venture
o Etc.
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Further recommendations for EU TT producers from Gherzi field work in South Korea and
from complementary Gherzi analysis can be summarized as follows:
i. Promote sophisticated nonwovens
a) Bi-component fibre or split fibre based NW
b) Isotropic (equal NW tissue strength in length and cross direction) spunlace
(water-entangled) NW
c) Wetlaid (ex pulp fibre not unlike paper making process) NW
d) Specialty meltblown NW (produced ex extruded, e.g., PP chips) for, e.g. acoustic
insulation
e) Flushable NW (like wipes)
f) Filtration Non wovens (e.g. liquid filtration, filtration of odours or pollen)
g) Etc.
ii. Exploit areas of EU producer product - strength
a) Cable components / cords / twines
b) Coated fabrics
c) Bandages
d) Filter fabrics (woven)
e) Sophisticated vehicle components (composites, light weight auto acoustics, filters, …)
f) Etc.
iii. Step into rather untouched (by EU producers) opportunities
a) Smart textiles
b) Protech solutions (yarns, fabrics, garments)
c) Sun shading
d) Consumer oriented TT products (artificial leather, hygiene, …)
iv. Invest into IP protection (e.g. patents) in order to build up possibilities (and prerequisites)
for EU TT producers to engage in local (S. Korean) tie-ups having the aim to accelerate
market access in S. Korea
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C.8.2.4. Japan
Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to Japan have stagnated on a level of
0.38 Bn USD. By TT product family the change of exports in this period was generated by:
sutures)
 Fabric type Technical Textiles: ± 0

Japan is an overall growing (in certain TT applications) but difficult to access (for EU
producers) and far away market.
EU producers have a certain strength in sutures (although the position is eroding under the
pressure from a.o. US American competition) and in specialty NW (like spunlace).
Three more general actions could be envisaged to improve the EU producer position on the
Japanese TT market:
i. Collaboration between Japanese upstream (fibres, polymer) industries and EU
downstream (fabrics, NW, component) TT producers to profit from each other’s strength
by creating value added products to be produced in the EU
ii. EU industry associations could foster B2B linkages between Japanese trading houses
(like Marubeni, Itochu, Sumitomo, Sojitz Corp., Fiber Coordination Services, Asahi Kasei
Advance Co. or Tsubakimoto) and EU TT producers to facilitate the market access in
Japan
iii. Enhanced collaboration between EU R&D institutes and their Japanese counterparts
(such as ITCF or Mikawa Textile Research Center at the Aichi Industrial Science &
Technology Comprehensive Center) for the development of environmentally sustainable
technologies using advanced fibres and composites, smart textiles, advanced Medtech
as well as advanced NW solutions or next generation sutures.
Further recommendations from fieldwork in Japan and from complementary Gherzi analysis
can be summarized as follows:
i. Exploit opportunities from above average growth segments in Japan
a) Medtech
b) Buildtech
c) Geotech
d) Smart textiles
e) Sophisticated nonwovens
f) CF composites or composite reinforcements
ii. The European (without CIS) man-made fibre production per capita (around 4 kg/a ) lags
behind Japan (around 5 kg /a - not considering fibre production in countries like S. Korea
by Japanese owned production sites). The Japanese view is, that Japan as a country is
strong in upstream raw materials for Technical Textiles (like polymers and functional
fibres) and Europe is strong in downstream, close to the application Technical Textile
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products and solutions. Interviewed Japanese corporations and associations therefor

suggest Japanese / EU partnerships on company level (e.g. EU fabric producers
seeking a collaboration with Japanese fibre producers) to combine the above described
complementary TT strengths profile of the two regions.
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C.8.3. EU organisations’ and associations’ initiatives

The following recommendations summarize initiatives and programmes, which can be
initiated at European level. They also highlight some of the most prominent issues faced by
EU TT companies confronted to non-EU markets.
1. Support the development of next generation sutures (medical sewing threads) to stop the
prevailing decline in EU export sales
2. Support new or ongoing R&D programs or initiatives for Technical Textile in priority fields
like:
• Medtech (on top of sutures)
• Geotech
• Reduced vehicle weight
• Filtration
• Scientific farming
3. Support through dedicated programmes the ‘ramp up’ of emerging new TechTex products
such as:
• Smart textiles
• New Nonwoven technologies
• Next generation man made functional fibres
• Next generation composites, composite reinforcements and prepregs
4. Specifically regarding Brazil a government to government dialogue could be opened on
the use of EU Technical Textiles in scientific farming initiatives in Brazil
5. Specifically re Japan enhancement of the cooperation between EU and Japanese R&D
centres to open up doors to the Japanese market
6. Support energy saving initiatives in the EU - TT industry to identify pockets of cost
savings enhancing competitiveness of the sector
7. On the model of existing initiatives (e.g. INDA/EDANA) …
i. facilitate norms and standards information and
ii. harmonize standards and norms between the EU and foreign countries especially
with the USA
8. Support the accreditation by foreign countries of additional European testing laboratories

(for, e.g., ASTM certification carried out in EU labs)
9. Improve the transparency of the EU TT sector through:
• Better statistics tailored to TT by introducing dedicated TT-related HS codes
• Supplier overviews (“who is supplying what” database) enhancing and strengthening
European-based supply chains
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• Market overview fostering acquisition of in-depth market knowledge in specific export

markets for European TT SMEs
10. Promote the adoption of a common Restricted Substance Lists (RSL) at international
levels avoiding the proliferation of individual and regional RSL initiatives leading to the
emergence of a new type of non-tariff barrier
11. Promote the use by EU TT SMEs of proven tools for IP (intellectual property) protection
like patents or registered designs.
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End of Part C:
Executive Summary
Start of Part D:
Main Report (including Appendix)
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Table of Contents – Part D

D. MAIN REPORT ................................................................................................................... - 65 -
D.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. - 65 -
D.1.1. Objectives of the mission .......................................................................................... - 65 -
D.1.1.1. Scope of the study and definitions ........................................................................... - 65 -
D.1.1.1.1. Study scope ................................................................................................... - 65 -
D.1.1.1.2. Market definition Technical Textiles ............................................................. - 65 -
D.1.1.1.3. Geographic scope .......................................................................................... - 67 -
D.1.1.1.4. Years, currencies and units considered ......................................................... - 67 -
D.1.1.1.4.1. Years considered ........................................................................................ - 67 -
D.1.1.1.4.2. Currencies considered ................................................................................ - 67 -
D.1.1.1.4.3. Units considered......................................................................................... - 67 -
D.1.1.1.5. Stakeholders for this report .......................................................................... - 68 -
D.1.1.2. Limitations................................................................................................................. - 68 -
D.2. Research methodology and project design .............................................................. - 70 -
D.3. Global and EU market scenario................................................................................. - 73 -
D.3.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... - 73 -
D.3.2. Global TechTex consumption .................................................................................... - 75 -
D.3.2.1. Market assessment ................................................................................................... - 75 -
D.3.2.2. EU TechTex scenario ................................................................................................. - 83 -
D.3.2.2.1. Quantified analysis ........................................................................................ - 83 -
D.3.2.2.2. Conclusions .................................................................................................... - 91 -
D.4. Overview on the regulatory and customs-related TT framework ............................ - 93 -
D.4.1. Exchange rates .......................................................................................................... - 93 -
D.4.2. Free Trade Agreements (‘FTA’) ................................................................................. - 98 -
D.4.2.1. Proliferation of FTAs ................................................................................................. - 98 -
D.4.2.2. The impact of FTAs in Technical Textiles trade ....................................................... - 106 -
D.4.3. Import duties and taxes .......................................................................................... - 114 -
D.4.3.1. USA .......................................................................................................................... - 114 -
D.4.3.2. Brazil........................................................................................................................ - 116 -
D.4.3.3. South Korea ............................................................................................................. - 118 -
D.4.3.4. Japan ....................................................................................................................... - 121 -
D.4.3.5. Summary of import duties ...................................................................................... - 123 -
D.4.4. Norms and standards .............................................................................................. - 125 -
D.4.4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 125 -
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D.4.4.2. Lack of reliable sources of information and support .............................................. - 126 -

D.4.4.3. Preference given to local norms and standards ..................................................... - 126 -
D.4.4.3.1. USA .............................................................................................................. - 126 -
D.4.4.3.2. Brazil ............................................................................................................ - 127 -
D.4.4.3.3. South Korea ................................................................................................. - 127 -
D.4.4.3.4. Japan ............................................................................................................ - 127 -
D.4.5. Industry initiatives................................................................................................... - 129 -
D.4.5.1. INDA & EDANA initiatives........................................................................................ - 129 -
D.4.5.2. Standardization portal for composites ................................................................... - 130 -
D.4.5.3. Prohibitive costs of getting products tested and certified in foreign countries ..... - 130 -
D.5. Cost analysis and segmentation.............................................................................. - 132 -
D.5.1. Theoretical model ................................................................................................... - 132 -
D.5.2. Factor costs ............................................................................................................. - 133 -
D.5.3. Segmentation .......................................................................................................... - 135 -
D.5.4. Model limitation...................................................................................................... - 137 -
D.5.5. Other factors ........................................................................................................... - 138 -
D.6. Markets and opportunities in the 4 countries ........................................................ - 141 -
D.6.1. USA .......................................................................................................................... - 141 -
D.6.1.1. Key data USA ........................................................................................................... - 141 -
D.6.1.2. Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 141 -
D.6.1.3. Fibre production...................................................................................................... - 142 -
D.6.1.4. TechTex market USA ............................................................................................... - 143 -
D.6.1.5. Supply scenario USA................................................................................................ - 145 -
D.6.1.6. USA Key trends ........................................................................................................ - 154 -
D.6.1.6.1. Quantitative US export performance of the EU in shortlisted products ... - 154 -
D.6.1.6.2. Conclusions from shortlisted product analysis ........................................... - 155 -
D.6.1.7. Field work insight USA ............................................................................................ - 156 -
D.6.1.7.1. Key trade and market related trends .......................................................... - 156 -
D.6.1.7.2. US market attractiveness ............................................................................ - 157 -
D.6.1.7.3. Key success factors to profit from market opportunities .......................... - 159 -
D.6.1.8. USA: SWOT .............................................................................................................. - 160 -
D.6.1.9. USA: Summary and key opportunities .................................................................... - 161 -
D.6.1.9.1. Summary...................................................................................................... - 161 -
D.6.1.9.2. Key opportunities ........................................................................................ - 162 -
D.6.1.10. USA: Conclusions..................................................................................................... - 163 -
D.6.2. Brazil........................................................................................................................ - 164 -
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D.6.2.1. Key data Brazil ......................................................................................................... - 164 -

D.6.2.2. Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 164 -
D.6.2.4. TechTex market Brazil ............................................................................................. - 166 -
D.6.2.5. Supply scenario Brazil ............................................................................................. - 168 -
D.6.2.6. Brazil Key trends...................................................................................................... - 176 -
D.6.2.6.1. Quantitative Brazil export performance of the EU in shortlisted products - 176
-
D.6.2.7. Field work insight Brazil .......................................................................................... - 178 -
D.6.2.7.2. Brazil market attractiveness ........................................................................ - 178 -
D.6.2.7.3. Key success factors to profit from market opportunities ........................... - 179 -
D.6.2.8. Brazil: SWOT ............................................................................................................ - 180 -
D.6.2.9. Brazil: Summary and key opportunities .................................................................. - 181 -
D.6.2.9.1. Summary...................................................................................................... - 181 -
D.6.2.10. Brazil: Conclusions.................................................................................................. - 183 -
D.6.3. South Korea ............................................................................................................. - 184 -
D.6.3.1. Key data South Korea .............................................................................................. - 184 -
D.6.3.2. Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 184 -
D.6.3.4. TechTex market South Korea .................................................................................. - 186 -
D.6.3.5. Supply scenario South Korea .................................................................................. - 188 -
D.6.3.6. South Korea Key trends........................................................................................... - 197 -
D.6.3.6.1. Quantitative South Krea export performance of the EU in shortlisted products
- 197 -
D.6.3.7. Field work insight South Korea ............................................................................... - 200 -
D.6.3.7.2. South Korea market attractiveness ............................................................. - 201 -
D.6.3.8. South Korea: SWOT ................................................................................................. - 204 -
D.6.3.9. South Korea: Summary and key opportunities ....................................................... - 205 -
D.6.3.9.1. Summary...................................................................................................... - 205 -
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D.6.3.10. South Korea: Conclusions....................................................................................... - 206 -

D.6.4. Japan ....................................................................................................................... - 207 -
D.6.4.1. Key data Japan ........................................................................................................ - 207 -
D.6.4.2. Introduction ............................................................................................................ - 207 -
D.6.4.4. TechTex market Japan ............................................................................................ - 209 -
D.6.4.5. Supply scenario Japan ............................................................................................. - 211 -
D.6.4.6. Japan Key trends ..................................................................................................... - 220 -
D.6.4.6.1. Quantitative Japan export performance of the EU in shortlisted products - 220
-
D.6.4.7. Field work insight Japan .......................................................................................... - 222 -
D.6.4.7.2. Japan market attractiveness ....................................................................... - 223 -
D.6.4.8. Japan: SWOT ........................................................................................................... - 225 -
D.6.4.9. Japan: Summary and key opportunities ................................................................. - 226 -
D.6.4.9.1. Summary...................................................................................................... - 226 -
D.6.4.10. Japan: Conclusions ................................................................................................. - 227 -
D.7. Conclusions and recommendations from the study ............................................... - 229 -
D.7.1. EU TechTex producers in general............................................................................ - 229 -
D.7.2. EU TechTex producers regarding the 4 countries ................................................... - 230 -
D.7.2.1. Regarding the USA .................................................................................................. - 230 -
D.7.2.2. Regarding Brazil ...................................................................................................... - 231 -
D.7.2.3. Regarding South Korea............................................................................................ - 232 -
D.7.2.4. Regarding Japan ...................................................................................................... - 233 -
D.7.2.5. Regarding support by EU organisations and associations ...................................... - 234 -
D.8. Appendices .............................................................................................................. - 240 -
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Start of Part D.0:

List of Figures and Tables,
Abbreviations and Acronyms,
Sources and other Background Data on this Report
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October 2016
List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1: 12 TechTex Product Families.................................................................................. - 66 -
Figure 2: Analysis - Step 1: Est. consumption & production in the 4 countries ......... - 70 -
Figure 3: Analysis - Step 2: EU export performance & import shares in the 4 countries)
.......................................................................................................................................................... - 71 -
Figure 4: Analysis - Step 3: Specific market conditions in the 4 countries ................. - 71 -
Figure 5: Share of EU28 and the 4 countries in the 2014 world TechTex market ....... - 73 -
Figure 6: 2014 TechTex world market (volume and value) on roll good price level... - 76 -
Figure 7: Global TechTex consumption by segment and fibres (back-up) .................. - 77 -
Figure 8: Development 2010-2014 of global TT consumption ......................................... - 79 -
Figure 9: TechTex world market split 2014 (MMT ≙ Mn t) ................................................. - 80 -
Figure 10: World TechTex market growth ............................................................................. - 80 -
Figure 11: 2014 World consumption by TT segment .......................................................... - 81 -
Figure 12: EU TechTex consumption shares by segment ................................................ - 83 -
Figure 13: EU TechTex production 2010-2014 ..................................................................... - 84 -
Figure 14: EU yarn type production 2010-2014 .................................................................... - 85 -
Figure 15: EU fabric type production 2010-2014 ................................................................. - 86 -
Figure 16: EU Nonwoven production 2010-2014 ................................................................. - 87 -
Figure 17: EU28 market and supply scenario 2014............................................................. - 88 -
Figure 18: EU TechTex scenario in KT 2014 ......................................................................... - 89 -
Figure 19: EU TechTex scenario in Mn USD 2014 ............................................................... - 89 -
Figure 20: EU TechTex scenario in Mn USD 2014 ............................................................... - 90 -
Figure 21: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs US$ ............................................................. - 94 -
Figure 22: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs BRL ............................................................ - 95 -
Figure 23: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs KRW ........................................................... - 96 -
Figure 24: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs Yen ............................................................. - 97 -
Figure 25: Year of FTAs coming into force ........................................................................... - 98 -
Figure 26: FTA USA ................................................................................................................... - 102 -
Figure 27: FTA Brazil................................................................................................................. - 103 -
Figure 28: FTA Korea ................................................................................................................ - 104 -
Figure 29: FTA Japan ................................................................................................................ - 105 -
Figure 30: FTA country share in total TT imports – USA ................................................ - 107 -
Figure 31: FTA country share in total TT imports – Brazil .............................................. - 109 -
Figure 32: FTA country share in total TT imports – Korea ............................................. - 111 -
Figure 33: FTA country share in total TT imports – Japan ............................................. - 113 -
Figure 34: Example: HS 300610 / Special requirements to the USA ............................ - 115 -
Figure 35: Example: HS 300610 to Brazil ............................................................................. - 117 -
Figure 36: Example: HS 300610 to Korea ............................................................................ - 119 -
Figure 37: Example: HS 300610 / Special requirements to Japan ................................ - 122 -
Figure 38: Import duties and taxes (examples).................................................................. - 124 -
Figure 39: Electricity prices for medium size industries per country (2014) ............. - 133 -
Figure 40: Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing .......................... - 134 -
Figure 41: 4 TechTex products............................................................................................... - 135 -
Figure 42: Key Data USA (2014) ............................................................................................. - 141 -
Figure 43: USA Fibre Production 2014 ................................................................................. - 142 -
Figure 44: USA specialty TechTex fibres production....................................................... - 143 -
Figure 45: US TechTex consumption 2014 ......................................................................... - 143 -
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Figure 46: US TechTex market growth ................................................................................. - 144 -

Figure 47: US TechTex market assumed development 2014-2020 by application ... - 145 -
Figure 48: US TechTex market and supply scenario 2014.............................................. - 145 -
Figure 49: USA Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products) ............................ - 146 -
Figure 50: US TechTex market scenario 2014 .................................................................... - 147 -
Figure 51: US Nonwoven imports 2014 ................................................................................ - 148 -
Figure 52: US Fabric type TechTex imports 2014 ............................................................. - 149 -
Figure 53: US Yarn type TechTex imports 2014................................................................. - 150 -
Figure 54: US Industrial yarn * imports 2014 ...................................................................... - 151 -
Figure 55: US TechTex made-ups imports 2014 ................................................................ - 152 -
Figure 56: USA: EU import position in Technical Textiles .............................................. - 153 -
Figure 57: The short list of products - USA ........................................................................ - 154 -
Figure 58: The short list of products – USA (con t’d)....................................................... - 155 -
Figure 59: USA SWOT for EU TT producers ....................................................................... - 160 -
Figure 60: EU import share 2014............................................................................................ - 161 -
Figure 61: Gherzi strategic priority matrix USA ................................................................. - 163 -
Figure 62: Key Data Brazil (2014) ........................................................................................... - 164 -
Figure 63: Brazil import share 2014 ...................................................................................... - 165 -
Figure 64: Brazil Fibre Production 2014 .............................................................................. - 165 -
Figure 65: Brazil TechTex consumption 2014 .................................................................... - 166 -
Figure 66: Brazil TechTex market growth............................................................................ - 167 -
Figure 67: Brazil market and supply scenario 2014 .......................................................... - 168 -
Figure 68: Brazil Textile imports 2010 / 2014 ...................................................................... - 169 -
Figure 69: Brazil TechTex market scenario 2014 .............................................................. - 169 -
Figure 70: Brazil Nonwoven imports 2014 .......................................................................... - 170 -
Figure 71: Brazil Fabric type TechTex imports 2014 ........................................................ - 171 -
Figure 72: Brazil Yarn type TechTex imports 2014 ........................................................... - 172 -
Figure 73: Brazil Industrial yarn * type imports 2014 ....................................................... - 173 -
Figure 74: Brazil TechTex made-ups imports 2014 .......................................................... - 174 -
Figure 75: Brazil: EU import position in Technical Textiles ........................................... - 175 -
Figure 76: The short list of products - Brazil (1/2)............................................................. - 176 -
Figure 77: The short list of products - Brazil (2/2)............................................................. - 177 -
Figure 78: Growth applications Brazil .................................................................................. - 178 -
Figure 79: Brazil - SWOT .......................................................................................................... - 180 -
Figure 80: Brazil import share 2014 ...................................................................................... - 181 -
Figure 81: Gherzi strategic priority matrix Brazil .............................................................. - 183 -
Figure 82: Key Data South Korea (2014) .............................................................................. - 184 -
Figure 83: South Korea Fibre Production 2014.................................................................. - 185 -
Figure 84: South Korea specialty TechTex fibres production ....................................... - 185 -
Figure 85: South Korea TechTex consumption 2014 ....................................................... - 186 -
Figure 86: South Korea TechTex market growth ............................................................... - 187 -
Figure 87: South Korea TechTex market 2014-2020 by application ............................. - 187 -
Figure 88: South Korea market and supply scenario 2014 ............................................. - 188 -
Figure 89: South Korea Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products) ............ - 189 -
Figure 90: South Korea TechTex market scenario 2014.................................................. - 190 -
Figure 91: South Korea Nonwoven imports 2014 .............................................................. - 191 -
Figure 92: South Korea Fabric type TechTex imports 2014 ........................................... - 192 -
Figure 93: South Korea Yarn type TechTex imports 2014 .............................................. - 193 -
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Figure 94: South Korea Industrial yarn type imports 2014 ............................................. - 194 -
Figure 95: South Korea TechTex made-ups imports 2014.............................................. - 195 -
Figure 96: South Korea: EU import position in Technical Textiles ............................. - 196 -
Figure 97: The short list of products - Korea (1/2) ............................................................ - 197 -
Figure 98: The short list of products - Korea (2/2) ............................................................ - 198 -
Figure 99: South Korea – SWOT of EU producers ............................................................ - 204 -
Figure 100: Gherzi strategic priority matrix South Korea ............................................... - 206 -
Figure 101: Key Data Japan (2014) ........................................................................................ - 207 -
Figure 102: Japan Fibre Production 2014............................................................................ - 208 -
Figure 103: Japan specialty TechTex fibres production 2014 ....................................... - 209 -
Figure 104: Japanese TechTex consumption 2014........................................................... - 209 -
Figure 105: Japan TechTex market growth ......................................................................... - 210 -
Figure 106: Japan TechTex market development 2014-2020 by application ............. - 211 -
Figure 107: Japan 2014 market and supply scenario ....................................................... - 211 -
Figure 108: Japan Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products) 2014 ............ - 212 -
Figure 109: Japan TechTex market scenario 2014............................................................ - 213 -
Figure 110: Japan Nonwoven imports 2014........................................................................ - 214 -
Figure 111: Japan Fabric type TechTex imports 2014 ..................................................... - 215 -
Figure 112: Japan Yarn type TechTex imports 2014 ........................................................ - 216 -
Figure 113: Japan Industrial yarn type imports 2014 ....................................................... - 217 -
Figure 114: Japan TechTex made-ups imports 2014........................................................ - 218 -
Figure 115: Japan: EU import position in Technical Textiles ........................................ - 219 -
Figure 116: The short list of products - Japan (1/2).......................................................... - 220 -
Figure 117: The short list of products - Japan (2/2).......................................................... - 221 -
Figure 118: Japan – SWOT for EU TT producers .............................................................. - 225 -
Figure 119: Japan – Gherzi strategic priority matrix ........................................................ - 227 -
Figure 120: Market segment split 2014 by product i......................................................... - 240 -
Figure 121: Market segment split 2014 by product ii ....................................................... - 241 -
Figure 122: Market segment split 2014 by product iii ...................................................... - 242 -
Figure 123: Market segment split 2014 by product iv ...................................................... - 243 -
Figure 124: Market segment split 2014 by product i......................................................... - 244 -
Figure 125: Market segment split 2014 by product ii ....................................................... - 245 -
Figure 126: Market segment split 2014 by product iii ...................................................... - 246 -
Figure 127: Market segment split 2014 by product iv ...................................................... - 247 -
Figure 128: EU TechTex market: Fibre Break-up i ............................................................ - 250 -
Figure 129: EU TechTex market: Fibre Break-up ii ........................................................... - 251 -
Figure 130: EU Techtex market: Segment-wise ................................................................. - 252 -
Figure 131: EU Yarn type TechTex trade (key countries) – without DU products .... - 254 -
Figure 132: EU Yarn trade 2000-2014 – without DU products ........................................ - 255 -
Figure 133: EU Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products .......... - 256 -
Figure 134: EU Key Fabric trade 2010-2014 – without DU products ............................ - 257 -
Figure 135: EU Key Fabric trade 2010-2014 – without DU products ............................ - 258 -
Figure 136: EU Nonwoven type TechTex trade (Key countries) 2010-2014................ - 259 -
Figure 137: EU Nonwoven trade 2010-2014 ........................................................................ - 260 -
Figure 138: EU Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2010-2014 ...................................... - 262 -
Figure 139: EU Key products of Industrial yarn trade...................................................... - 263 -
Figure 140: EU Made-ups type TechTex trade ................................................................... - 264 -
Figure 141: EU imports from World ...................................................................................... - 265 -
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Figure 142: EU exports to World ............................................................................................ - 265 -

Figure 143: US TechTex market: Segment-wise ................................................................ - 267 -
Figure 144: US TechTex market: Fibre breakup i .............................................................. - 268 -
Figure 145: US TechTex market: Fibre breakup ii ............................................................. - 269 -
Figure 146: USA Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products........... - 270 -
Figure 147: USA Yarn import details 2000-2014 – without DU products ..................... - 271 -
Figure 148: USA Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ........................................... - 272 -
Figure 149: USA Nonwoven import details 2000-2014 ..................................................... - 273 -
Figure 150: USA Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products ....... - 274 -
Figure 151: USA fabric import details 2014 ........................................................................ - 275 -
Figure 152: USA fabric import details 2014 (cont’d) ......................................................... - 276 -
Figure 155: USA Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ................................... - 279 -
Figure 156: USA Industrial Yarn import details 2014 ....................................................... - 280 -
Figure 157: USA Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014............................................... - 281 -
Figure 158: USA Made-ups import details 2014 ................................................................. - 282 -
Figure 159: Brazil Techtex market: Segment-wise............................................................ - 284 -
Figure 160: Brazil Techtex market: Segment-wise (cont’d) ............................................ - 284 -
Figure 161: Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up i......................................................... - 285 -
Figure 162: Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up ii ....................................................... - 286 -
Figure 163: Brazil yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products ........ - 287 -
Figure 164: Brazil yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) .................................... - 287 -
Figure 165: Brazil key yarn type TT Imports 2014 ............................................................. - 288 -
Figure 166: Brazil Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ........................................ - 289 -
Figure 167: Brazil Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)......................... - 289 -
Figure 168: Brazil key Nonwoven type imports 2014 ....................................................... - 290 -
Figure 169: Brazil Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products ..... - 291 -
Figure 170: Brazil Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ................................. - 291 -
Figure 171: Brazil key Fabric type TT imports 2014 ......................................................... - 292 -
Figure 172: Brazil key Fabric type TT imports 2014 (cont’d) .......................................... - 293 -
Figure 175: Brazil Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ................................. - 296 -
Figure 176: Brazil Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ................. - 296 -
Figure 177: Brazil Industrial yarn (TT raw material) imports 2014 ................................ - 297 -
Figure 178: Brazil TT Made-ups trade 2000-2014............................................................... - 298 -
Figure 179: Brazil TT Made-ups trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ............................................... - 298 -
Figure 180: Brazil TT Made-ups import 2014 ...................................................................... - 299 -
Figure 181: South Korea TechTex market: Segment-wise.............................................. - 301 -
Figure 182: South Korea TechTex market: Segment-wise (cont’d) .............................. - 301 -
Figure 183: South Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up i........................................... - 302 -
Figure 184: South Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up ii ......................................... - 303 -
Figure 185: South Korea Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products .... -
304 -
Figure 186: South Korea Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ....................... - 304 -
Figure 187: South Korea Yarn type import 2014................................................................ - 305 -
Figure 188: South Korea Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014............................ - 306 -
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Figure 189: South Korea Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ............ - 306 -
Figure 190: South Korea Nonwoven import 2014.............................................................. - 307 -
Figure 191: South Korea Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products . -
308 -
Figure 192: South Korea Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) .................... - 308 -
Figure 193: South Korea Fabric type import 2014 ............................................................ - 309 -
Figure 194: South Korea TechTex Fabric import 2014 (cont’d) ..................................... - 310 -
Figure 197: South Korea Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 .................... - 313 -
Figure 198: South Korea Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) .... - 313 -
Figure 199: South Korea Industrial yarn import 2014 ...................................................... - 314 -
Figure 200: South Korea Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ............................... - 315 -
Figure 201: South Korea Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)................ - 315 -
Figure 202: South Korea Made-ups import 2014 ............................................................... - 316 -
Figure 203: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise .......................................................... - 318 -
Figure 204: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise (cont’d) .......................................... - 318 -
Figure 205: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise i........................................................ - 319 -
Figure 206: Japan TechTex market: Fibre break-up ii...................................................... - 320 -
Figure 207: Japan Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products ....... - 321 -
Figure 208: Japan suture import 2010-2014........................................................................ - 322 -
Figure 209: Japan Yarn type TT import 2010-2014 (cont’d) ............................................ - 323 -
Figure 210: Japan Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ........................................ - 324 -
Figure 211: Japan Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d) ........................ - 324 -
Figure 212: Japan – Key Nonwovens product import 2014 ............................................ - 325 -
Figure 213: Japan Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products .... - 326 -
Figure 214: Japan Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ................................................ - 326 -
Figure 215: Japan – Key Fabric type import 2014 ............................................................. - 327 -
Figure 216: Japan – Key Fabric type import 2014 (cont’d) ............................................. - 328 -
Figure 219: Japan Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ................................ - 331 -
Figure 220: Japan Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)................. - 331 -
Figure 221: Japan Industrial yarn import 2014................................................................... - 332 -
Figure 222: Japan Made-ups type TechTex trade 2000-2014 ......................................... - 333 -
Figure 223: Japan Made-ups type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d).......................... - 333 -
Figure 224: Japan Made-ups import 2014 ........................................................................... - 334 -
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

AATCC Association of Textile, Apparel & materials Professionals
ABNT Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Brazilian National Standards
Organisation)
AIRLAID NW Technology (pneumatic web formation)
A.M. above mentioned
ANFA Asian Non Woven Association
A.O. amongst others
ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
BICO Bi-component fibres such as e.g. PE (Polyethylene) / PET (Polyester)
BN Billion (000 Million) – also ‘Bn’
CAFTA Central American Free Trade Agreement
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate (in % p.a.)
CCEV Carbon Composites e.V.
CF Carbon Fibre
CIRFS European Man-made Fibres Association
CM Centimetre
CN Combined Nomenclature
COMPOSITES also called FRP
COMTRADE Import / Export statistics source
CONT’D continued
DECITEX gram per 10,000 m (yarn count)
DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German standards organization)
DRYLAID NW technology based on carded staple fibres
DU Dual use (that is products such as cotton fabrics which can go into TT as
well as non-TT, e.g., fashion applications)
EASME Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
EDANA European Non Woven Association
EN European Norm
EST. estimated
ETFE Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen
EU Europe (EU 28 = twenty eight member states)
FDA Food and Drugs Administration (USA)
FIBC Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms (continued)

FILAMENT Continuous strand of man-made fibres
4 COUNTRIES (Brazil, Japan, South Korea, USA)
FOREX Foreign Exchange rates
FR Flame retardant
FRP Fibre Reinforced Plastic (also called composites)
FTA Free Trade Agreement
FWC Foul Weather Clothing
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GREIGE Untreated (e.g. not coated) mainly woven raw fabric (‘off the loom’)
GSM Grams per Square Meter
GTO Gherzi Textil Organisation
HS Harmonized System
HT High Tenacity
INDA American Non Woven Association
IP Intellectual Property
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISOTROPIC NW Strength of the NW roll good in machine and cross direction close to 1:1
JACA Japan Air Cleaning Association
JAMA Japan Auto Manufacturers Association
JIS Japan Industrial Standard
JV Joint Venture
K 000
KG Kilogram
KOREA Identical to South Korea or S. Korea
KSF Key Success Factors
KT 000 tons
LWCB Light Weight Conveyor Belts
M Million (also Mn)
M&A Mergers & Acquisitions
MMF Man-Made Fibres
MELTBLOWN Nonwoven technology (ex extruded, e.g., PP chips)
MMT Million Metric Tons (also Mn t)
MN Million (also M)
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MPG Miles per gallon (fuel efficiency)
MRG Mechanical rubber goods (rubberized fabrics for e.g. conveyor belts)
MRSL Manufactured Restricted Substance List (see also RSL)
Mn USD / M USD Million US Dollar
N.A. Not available
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NES Not Elsewhere Specified
NESOI Not Elsewhere Specified or Included
NFPA National Fire Protection Association (USA)
NO. Number
NW Nonwovens
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
ON PAR Equal to average
P.A. per annum
PA Polyamide
PAC also called PAN or acrylics
PAN Acrylic (also PAC)
PC Polyester / Cotton (blend)
PCB Printed circuit boards (being based on epoxy coated glass filament
wovens)
PE Polyethylene
PES Polyester (also ‘PET’)
PLA Poly Lactide
PP Polypropylene
PPE Personal protective equipment
PPS Polyphenylene Sulphite
PREPREG FRP reinforcement fabric pre-impregnated with plastic resin
PRODCOM EU production statistics source
PROTECH Protective Apparel (FR, ballistic, cut & slash, FWC, etc.)
PVC Polyvinylchloride
QC Quality Control
R&D Research & Development
REBAR Reinforcement bar (also reinforcing steel)
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ROVINGS Continuous glass yarns above about 3 k (3k = 3000 individual filaments
per end). Below 3 k glass yarn being called ‘multifilament glass yarn’
ROW Rest Of World
RSL Restricted Substance List (see also MRSL)
SDO Standard Developing Organisation
SEAOC Structural Engineering Association of California (USA)
SME Small and Medium size Enterprise
SMS Multilayer (spunmelt / meltblown / spunmelt) nonwoven being produced
ex thermoplastic - e.g. PP - granulate)
SPUNLACE Hydro-entangled (nonwoven web bonding through felting with water jets) /
carded (web formation) non wovens (e.g. for wipes)
SPUNMELT Also called ‘spunbond’. Non wovens produced by extruding thermoplastic
polymer (chips such as PP) through a set of spinnerets
SUTURE Medical device (needle plus thread) to stitch together tissue in open
wounds
SWOT Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
TARP Tarpaulin
TECHTEX Technical Textiles
TEX Gram per km (yarn count)
TIER 1/2/3 Example – Automotive seating: OEM = car manufacturer,
Tier 1 = seat manufacturer, Tier 2 = seat fabric manufacturer, Tier 3 =
Polyester yarn producer
TOR Terms of Reference
TPA Trade Preference Programme
TPP Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement
TT Technical Textiles
UHMW-PE Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (Extra High Tenacity yarn,
branded ‘Spectra’ or ‘Dynema’)
USD or US$ US Dollar (MUSD / Mn USD = Million USD)
USDA US Department of Agriculture
VS. versus
WET LAID NW Technology (hydraulic web formation – ex ‘pulp’)
WOVENS Woven fabric
ZDHC Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (in the textile supply chain)
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List of Sources (apart from Gherzi interviews)

A) International Trade Administration (USA – 2015):
‘2015 Top Markets Report – Technical Textiles and Apparel (A market assessment tool
for US exporters)’ – published report
B) EDANA and INDA (B/USA – 2015):

‘Worldwide Outlook for the Nonwovens Industry 2014 – 2020’
C) OANDA (currency converter): https://www.oanda.com/lang/de/currency/converter/
D) Eurostat (Comext/Prodcom)
E) UN (Comtrade) – also called UN Comtrade or Comtrade
F) World Bank (GDP, population, etc.)
G) WTO (World Trade Organisation)
H) IRS.gov (internal revenue service – USA) – published data
I) Anfa (Asian Nonwoven Fabric Association) – published reports
J) OICA (International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers) for vehicle production

data (Mobiltech) – published data
K) Gherzi market & association interviews in Europe, USA, Brazil, S. Korea and Japan
L) Japan Chemical Fiber Association (JCFA) – published reports
M) ANNA (All Nippon Nonwoven Association) – published data
N) JAMA (Japan Auto Manufacturers Association) – published data
O) Ministério di Agricultura, Brazil (grain production plan Brazil 2025) – published data
P) Gherzi internal data bank on world fibre production and global Technical Textile
production
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List of Gherzi Interviews carried out in the course of the study

EU Institutions and Organisations
 European Safety Federation  Techtera
http://www.european-safety-federation.org www.techtera.org
Industry organisation (B) Industry organisation (F)
• Texclubtec
 IVGT
www.ivgt.de http://www.texclubtec.it
Industry organisation (D) Industry organisation (I)
EU TechTex producers and customers

 Antex – Anglès Textil S.A.  MA.RE. S.p.a.
www.antex.net www.marespa.it
TechTex fibre producer (E) TechTex fibre producer (I)
 Chomarat Group  Massebeuf Textiles

www.chomarat.com www.massebeuf-ft.com
TechTex producer (F) Technical yarn producer (F)
 Diatex  Rex Industrie-Produkte

www.diatex.com www.rex-industrie-produkte.de
TechTex producer (F) TechTex producer (D)
 Engtex AB  Shoutteten & Froidure

www.engtex.com www.schoutt.com
TechTex producer (S) Narrow fabric producer (F)
 Ernstmeier  Synteen & Lückenhaus GmbH

www.ernstmeier.de www.synteen.de
TechTex producer (D) TechTex producer (D)
 Filix sas  Texinov

www.filix.fr www.texinov.fr
TechTex yarn producer (F) TechTex producer (F)
 Huesker  TRP-Charvet
www.huesker.de www.trp-charvet.com
TechTex producer (D) TechTex producer (F)
 Kermel  Vetex nv
www.kermel.com www.vetex.eu
TechTex fibre producer (F) Narrow fabric producer (NL)
 Lanex a.s.
www.lanex.cz
TechTex producer (CZ)
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Final Report
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List of Gherzi Interviews carried out in the course of the study (cont’d)
USA Institutions, Organisations, TechTex producers and customers
A) Institutions
• IFAI-USIFI • US Department of Commerce

www.ifai.com www.trade.gov
Industry organisation Trade organisation
• INDA
www.inda.org
Industry organisation
B) Organisations, TechTex producers and customers
• Amatex • DuraFiber (Sun Capital)

www.amatex.com www.durafibertech.com
TechTex producer Fibre and woven TechTex fabric producer
• Anchor Industries, Inc. • Herculite, Inc.

www.anchorinc.com www.herculite.com
TechTex customer TechTex producer
• Asten Johnson • Highland Industries

www.astenjohnson.com www.highlandindustries.com
TechTex producer TechTex producer
• BAST Fibers, llc • Norfab

www.bastfibersllc.com www.norfab.com
TechTex distributor TechTex producer
• Cooley Group, Inc. • Patrick Yarns

www.cooleygroup.com www.patrickyarnmills.com
coated fabric producer TechTex producer
• Composites One • Pharr Yarns

www.compositesone.com www.pharryarns.com
TechTex customer (distributor) TechTex yarn producer
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Brazil Institutions, Organisations, TechTex producers and customers
A) Institutions
• ABINT / ABIT • AFIPOL

www.abint.org.br / www.abit.org.br www.afipol.org.br
Industry organisation Industry organisation
• Berry Group (Providencia) • OBER

www.providencia.com.br www.ober.com.br
NW producer NW producer
• Duci (Dupont Cipatex) • Owens Corning

www.cipatex.com.br www.ownescorning.com
NW producer Fibre and TechTex producer
• Fitesa (Evora Group) • Propex

www.fitesa.com/pt-br www.propexglobal.com
NW producer TechTex producer
• Ledervin • Rhodia (Solvay Group)

www.levervin.com.br www.emanafiber.com
NW and TechTex producer Fibre producer
• Lord Plastics • Saertex

www.lordbrasil.com www.saertex.com
• Macaferri do Brasil • Scavone

www.maccaferri.com.br www.fabrilscavone.combr
• M&G Fibras Brasil • Tec Textil

www.mgifibrasbrasil.com.br www.tectextil.com.br
Fibre producer TechTex producer
• Nova Plast
www.novaplast.com.br
TechTex producer
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South Korea Institutions, Organisations, TechTex producers and
customers
A) Institutions
• European Chamber of Commerce in Korea • KTTA

www.ecck.eu www.ktta.or.kr
Industry organisation Industry organisation
• KOFOTI • Korea Safety Equipment Association

www.kofoti.or.kr www.bohogoo.or.kr
Industry organisation Industry association
• Baiksan Lintex • KTTA

www.baiksanlintex.com www.ktta.or.kr
NW producer Industry organisation
• Bristex • Nature International

www.bristex.com www.natureincorp.com
Weaver Trading company
• Clean & Science • Saenal Techtex

www.cands.co.kr www.saenal.com
NW producer TechTex weaver
• Duksung Inco • Korea Safety Equipment Association

www.duksunginco.com www.bohogoo.or.kr
TechTex customer Industry association
• Gumho NT • Sambo Co. Ltd.

www.gumho-nt.com www.sambokorea.co.kr
NW producer NW producer
• Kolon Fashion Materials • Samil Spinning Co. Ltd.

www.kolonfm.com www.samil-sp.co.kr
Fibre & fabric producer Yarn spinner
• Kolon Global • Samyang Corp.

www.kolonindustries.com www.samyangcorp.com
Trading group filament and NW producer
• Kolon Industries
www.kolonindustries.com
TechTex weaver
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Japan Institutions, Organisations, TechTex producers and customers
A) Institutions
• ANNA - All Nippon Nonwovens Association • Japan Standards Association

www.anna-gr.jp www.jsa.or.jp
Industra association Industrial standards organization
• JCFA - Japan Chemical Fibres Association • ITCF

www.jcfa.gr.jp www.fklab.fukui.jp
Industry association R&D in Techical Textiles
• Almundo Associates • Teijin Group

www.almundo.co.jp www.teijin.co.jp
TechTex customer Advanced fibres and composites producer
• Jakob Müller Nippon • Toray Industries Inc.

www.mueller-frick.com www.toray.co.jp
OEM for TechTex industry Industrial yarn producer
• Japan Vilene Co. • Toyota Boshoku

www.vilene.co.jp www.toyota-boshoku.com
NW manufacturer Automotive customer
• KB Seiren Ltd. • Tsuchiya Tsco Co. Ltd.

www.kbseiren.com www.tsuchiya-group.co.jp
Industrial yarn producer Indutech producer
• Marubeni Intex Co. • Yonezawa Bussan Co.

www.marubeni-intex.co.jp. www.yonezawa-bussan.jp
NW Trading company Hometech producer
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Final Report
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End of Part D.0:

List of Figures and Tables,
Abbreviations and Acronyms,
Sources and other Background Data on this Report
Start of Part D.1 (Main Report):

Introduction
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D. MAIN REPORT
D.1. Introduction
D.1.1. Objectives of the mission
The main objectives of the mission are to
 improve the knowledge of EU Technical Textiles business opportunities in the 4 markets

Brazil, Japan, South Korea and USA
 help European TechTex businesses to gain better access to foreign markets
 improve the business environment with partner economies and economic partners
 present business strategy options to enhance the global footprint (with a focus on the four
countries of the EU TechTex project).
The analysis as proposed by Gherzi will not go into detail regarding all 148 original Messe
Frankfurt TechTex sub-segments, but will identify – by region – those segments which are
the most important and the most attractive for EU exports.
D.1.1.1. Scope of the study and definitions

D.1.1.1.1. Study scope
Before the above described background the scope of the study is defined by EASME as ...
 1: analysing the Technical Textile markets of Brazil, Japan, South Korea and the USA
 2: putting these markets into perspectives to the European and world TechTex market
scenario and…
 3: …drawing conclusions and suggesting tools of how these markets can be penetrated
(or existing penetration can be enhanced) by EU enterprises from the TechTex sector.
D.1.1.1.2. Market definition Technical Textiles

‘Technical Textiles’ regroup into …
 Fibres (such as for plastic or cement reinforcement)
 Yarn type products (such as sewing thread or ropes)
 Nonwovens (ex staple fibre or ex chips, e.g. for hygiene)
 Non-spun products (such as waddings or cigarette filters)
 Fabrics (woven, knitted, braided, stitch bonded or other)
 and Composite Reinforcements (high performance fibre reinforced plastics)
... where – in terms of purchasing criteria – function comes first and thus certification of
products and plants to specific functionality standards and norms play an important role.
The 2014 world market for Technical Textiles – on roll good level – was ~ 147 Bn USD or
28.38 kt.
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A global CAGR of 6.7% between 2010 and 2014 (in volume) with a projection of 5.1%
between 2014 and 2020 underlines the attractiveness of this industry.
In terms of segmentation by product family reference is generally made to the TechTex
market segmentation initially developed by Messe Frankfurt (D), which was in parts (and in a
modified variant) also used in the Gherzi report.
Figure 1: 12 TechTex Product Families
* The logos and trademarks are intellectual property of ‘Messe Frankfurt GmbH’
** In the Gherzi report grouped together with ‘Geotech’
*** In the Gherzi report split between ‘Medtech’ and ‘Hygiene’
Apart from applications – and here especially for the quantitative analysis – the report groups
the different TechTex products into three product family domains:
i. yarn type Technical Textiles (like sewing threads or medical sutures)
ii. fabric type Technical Textiles (like medical gauze or woven coated fabrics) – as roll
good
iii. nonwovens – as roll good (such as for medical bandages and drapes, wipes,
geotextiles or auto acoustics)
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As side products, TechTex raw materials are added under trade performance aspects, if
clearly identifiable as destined towards Technical Textiles (like high tenacity synthetic
filament). The same holds true for made-up Technical Textiles (like made up tarpaulins,
safety belts or nonwoven garments). Manufactured end products made by using Technical
Textiles (like baby diapers, complete filtration systems or automotive car seats) are,
however, not part of the study.
D.1.1.1.3. Geographic scope

The contemplated EASME mission – focusing on Technical Textiles – is expected to cover
(in terms of market data):
 the World
 Europe
 the four selected countries

o Brazil
o Japan
o South Korea and
o USA.
D.1.1.1.4. Years, currencies and units considered

D.1.1.1.4.1. Years considered
The data collected and analysed for this mission are basically from 2010 and 2014, as far as
available for the four countries. The forecast is established for the year 2020.
D.1.1.1.4.2. Currencies considered

Basically, the currency considered in this report is US Dollars. However, also € = Euros have
been used.
The average annual currency conversion rate, taken from OANDA currency converter, has
been used for the particular year to convert the values (e.g. 1.277 USD/€ for the year 2014).
D.1.1.1.4.3. Units considered

The unit used to denote the market size in terms of Technical Textiles products is either
MMT = million metric tons or kt = ‘000 tons. In value terms Mn USD = million US Dollar or Bn
USD = billion US Dollar have been used for this report.
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D.1.1.1.5. Stakeholders for this report

… are …
 Technical Textile manufacturers
 Technical Textile importers and exporters
 Technical Textile traders, distributors and converters
 Raw material or technology providers for Technical Textiles
 Government and research organizations
 Associations and industry bodies
 Regulatory bodies
 End users.
D.1.1.2. Limitations
The study has been restricted to Technical Textile applications and product domains as
described above (§ 1.2.2).
 The study does not include aesthetic or decorative fabrics which do not contain any
special properties (like FR) and characteristics (like foul weather protection).
 Some neighbouring (to Technical Textiles) market segments not covered under the
Technical Textile definition of this report include
o Cotton / PC / Polyester fabrics for plain workwear (without FR or similar treatment)
o Glass or basalt insulation wool
o Generally, fabrics made from chopped glass or other mineralic like basalt fibres
for, e.g., heat insulation or as used in the form of chopped strand mats (‘CSM’) in
the building industry
o Glass yarns as used, e.g., in cylindrical windings for composites are also not
considered.
 In case of composite (= fibre reinforced plastics) reinforcements (e.g. glass or carbon

fibre fabrics for wind energy, Mobiltech or aeronautics) only the fabric itself is
considered, not the plastic matrix (typically ~ 50% of the moulded part’s weight).
 The consumption / production quantifications in this report contain – for the four focus
countries of the mission – an estimate for ‘dual use’ products used in Technical Textiles,
that is products (like cotton fabric) that can go into TechTex (e.g. FR treated Protech
fabrics) and non-TechTex (like bedding) markets.
 The company examples shown in the appendix to this report are limited to companies,
which are Technical Textile manufacturers, suppliers or customers. Some companies in
this market are privately owned and their revenues are not available in the public
domain. Hence, revenues for those companies are not included in the report. Company
profiles not reported in the public domain could not be included in this report.
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Final Report
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End of Part D.1 (Main Report):

Introduction

Research Methodology and Project Design
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Final Report
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D.2. Research methodology and project design

The Methodology to assess the markets in the 4 countries basically moves in consecutive
steps as follows:
o World TT market assessment
o EU TT market assessment
o Trade analysis EU with the 4 countries
o TT Consumption estimate in the 4 countries
o Production assessment in the 4 countries
o EU producer performance in the 4 countries
o Country specific market segmentation, opportunities and trends.
It needs to be noted that these steps are not only based on desk research, but also include
field work and interviews (associations, companies) in the 4 countries plus the EU to come to
a final view with conclusion of the mission.
This being said, Gherzi has employed a 3 Step approach to analyse the market situation in
the 4 countries of the mission:
Figure 2: Analysis - Step 1: Est. consumption & production in the 4 countries
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 3: Analysis - Step 2: EU export performance & import shares in the 4 countries)
Figure 4: Analysis - Step 3: Specific market conditions in the 4 countries
plus Gherzi field

interviews
- 71 -
Final Report
October 2016

Research Methodology and Project Design

Global and EU Market Scenario
- 72 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.3. Global and EU market scenario

D.3.1. Overview
The EU plus the 4 selected countries of the study represent 46% of the world TechTex
market in 2014:
Figure 5: Share of EU28 and the 4 countries in the 2014 world TechTex market
147 Bn USD
EU 28
27.1 Bn USD
18%
USA
24.1 Bn USD
16%
54%
6%
3%
2%
RoW Japan
78.9 Bn USD 9.4 Bn USD
Brazil
Korea 4.2 Bn USD
3.3 Bn USD
Source: Gherzi market model and research
Initial Gherzi conclusions:

Technical Textiles represent a sizeable industry worldwide with 147 Bn USD demand on
yarn type / roll good level, not counting …
• The production of raw materials being consumed by this industry (28.4 MMT in 2014)
• The value added from downstream processing of Technical Textiles into made-ups (like
protective apparel), systems (like process filter units) or components (like car seats)
The industry shows attractive growth rates …
• 6% p.a. between 2010 and 2014
• 5% p.a. forecasted for 2014 to 2020 *
… not only in Nonwovens but also in (more traditional) fabric type or yarn type products.
* chiefly based on Gherzi internal analysis and estimates / EDANA – INDA reports and forecasts ‘till
2020 plus input from Gherzi field interviews in Europe
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Final Report
October 2016
The EU is likely the largest single consumer of Technical Textiles worldwide with an 18%
global share in 2014 and thus a strong home base on which European producers can build.
The 4 countries of the mission together represent another 28% world market share and thus
a market potential (on roll good / yarn type level) of 41 Bn USD in 2014.
Out of this, the USA is the biggest single market with a market size almost equivalent to the
one of EU 28, followed by Japan (35% of EU 28 market size), Brazil (16% of EU 28 market
size) and South Korea (12% of EU 28 market size).
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Final Report
October 2016
D.3.2. Global TechTex consumption

D.3.2.1. Market assessment
The Gherzi Global TechTex market model can be considered as a bottom-up methodology
as described below:
 Gherzi has started by analysing the global raw material consumption in Technical
Textiles by
- Nonwovens (spunmelt, carded, other)
- Filament (mineralic, synthetic)
- Staple fibre (mineralic, synthetic, natural)
- Slit film
… to come to a view on total global TechTex consumption
 A finer analysis by:

- Disposable / durable segment in Nonwovens
- Raw material in all other (glass, carbon, PA, PP, PET, Aramid, Cotton, Hemp /
Kenaf / Jute, PP-slit film, etc.)
… has then allowed Gherzi to position the different material tonnages by application
segment
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Final Report
October 2016
The 2014 world TechTex market on yarn type Technical Textiles and (nonwoven and fabric
type) roll good level is estimated by Gherzi at 115 Bn € (for details, see appendix).
Figure 6: 2014 TechTex world market (volume and value) on roll good price level
2014 kt €/kg roll good 2014 M€ %

price *
- Slit film (mainly ex Polyolefin 7%

2,500 3.3 8,250
chips)
- Natural fibre (cotton, jute /

4,659 3.8 17,574
hemp / kenaf, …)
- Other (non-synthetic) staple

556 5.4 2,997 53%
fibre (incl. glass)
- Synthetic staple fibre 2,105 4.9 10,340
- Other man made filament 5,843 5.1 29,748
- Mineralic + carbon filament / 21%

3,850 6.3 24,425
rovings
All other Nonwovens (airlaid +

1,131 2.5 2,828
wet laid, …)
Carded (dry laid) Nonwovens 3,849 2.6 10,007 19%
Spunmelt Nonwovens 3,881 2.3 8,926
Total 28,374 100% 115,093 100%
≙147 Bn USD
* average of different roll good prices by material (glass, PA, PP, PET, …)
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Final Report
October 2016
Global 2014 TechTex consumption represents a volume of 28,374 kt (equivalent to global

2014 production). By material, Polyester, Polyolefines (PP, PE) and Glass represent 72% of
TechTex totals.
Figure 7: Global TechTex consumption by segment and fibres (back-up)
Car- All
ded other --------Technical Textiles other than
Nonwo Nonwo Nonwovens based on----------
ven ven
Man
made Other
Mine-
Fila- (non Total
ralic
Spun ment syn- KT
(glass, Syn- Natu- Slit
melt Airlaid other the- 2014
basalt) thetic ral film
Non Drylaid / Wet- than tic)
and staple fibres ('tape')
wove laid glass, 6) man 8) 9)
1) carbon fibre
ns basalt made
fila-
4) and staple
ment 7)
carbon fibre
5)
TOTAL
KT 2014
/ 3,881 3,849 1,131 3,850 5,843 2,105 556 4,659 2,500 28,374
Raw
material
Polyester
2,400 2,400
HT fil.
Nylon 6 522 62 584
Nylon 66 485 485
Sutures 8 8
PP
3,063 2,500 5,563
Polymer
PP
1,190 384 0 200 1,774
fibres
PP
10 10
Mono
PP HT
450 450
Fil.
PE
287 287
Polymer
Viscose
152 56 209
fibre
Viscose
65 65
Fil.
PET
531 531
Polymer
PET
1,758 1,608 3,366
fibres
Polyester
1,600 1,600
Regular
Nylon
231 231
Regular
Acrylic /
26 0 146 172
Modac
Aramid
staple
9 31 33 73
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Final Report
October 2016
Car- All
ded other --------Technical Textiles other than
Nonwo Nonwo Nonwovens based on----------
ven ven
Man
made Other
Mine-
Fila- (non Total
ralic
Spun ment syn- KT
(glass, Synth Natu- Slit
melt Airlaid other the- 2014
basalt) etic ral film
Non Drylaid / Wet- than tic)
and staple fibres ('tape')
wove laid glass, 6) man 8) 9)
1) carbon fibre
ns basalt made
fila-
4) and staple
ment 7)
carbon fibre
5)
TOTAL
KT 2014
/ 3,881 3,849 1,131 3,850 5,843 2,105 556 4,659 2,500 28,374
Raw
material
72
Aramid
72
filament
Other
23 56 11 90
Organic
Glass 10 50 244 304
Metal 244 244
Cotton 265 789 1,054
Bast
fibre
(Jute,
104 3870 3,974
Coir,
Hemp,
Kenaf)
Glass
3,810 3,810
Fil.
Basalt
5 5
Fil.
Carbon
35 35
Fil.
BICO 183 37 219
Wood
128 629 757
Pulp
TOTAL
3,881 3,849 1,131 3,850 5,843 2,105 556 4,659 2,500 28,374
KT 2014
- 78 -
Final Report
October 2016
The Gherzi TechTex market model: 6.0% CAGR between 2010 and 2014 with
a) increasing share (in % of total) of Nonwovens and
b) decreasing share of
i. slit film based Technical Textiles and
ii. generally staple fibre based Technical Textiles
Figure 8: Development 2010-2014 of global TT consumption
TT based on 2010 2010 2014 2014 CAGR

kt % kt % 2014/2010
- Slit film (mainly ex Polyolefin
2,220 10% 2,500 9% 3.0 %
chips)
- Natural fibre (cotton, jute / hemp /
4,040 4,659 3.6%
kenaf, …)
- Other (non-synthetic) staple fibre

494 556 3.0%
(incl. glass) 47% 46%
- Synthetic staple fibre 1,833 2,105 3.5%
- Other man made filament *** 4,278 5,843 8.1%
- Mineralic + carbon filament /

3,059 14% 3,850 14% 5.9%
rovings
Carded (dry laid) Nonwovens 2,935 3,849 7.0%
Spunmelt Nonwovens 3,112 29% 3,881 31% 5.7%
All other Nonwovens (airlaid + wet

536 1,131 21.5%
laid, …)
Total kt **** 22,507 ** 100% 28,375 100% 6.0%
* NW = Nonwovens
** Nota bene: 2010 consumption was calculated by Gherzi independently on the base of actual
2010 fibre production volumes, that is not by applying CAGR assumptions to 2014 volumes
*** mainly Polyester, Polypropylene, Polyamide and Viscose filament
**** N.b. re units used in this graph: 28,375 kt (2014) equals 28.4 Mn tons
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Final Report
October 2016
For the three product domains of the study the world TechTex market can be split between
yarn type / fabric type and Nonwoven Technical Textiles as follows:
Figure 9: TechTex world market split 2014 (MMT ≙ Mn t)
% 28.4 Mn t 147 Mn USD %

*
1.4 Yarn type 10.2
5% 7%
18.1 Fabric type

64 % 109.0 74 %
8.9
31 % 27.8
Nonwovens
19 %
* Source: Gherzi world TechTex model, EDANA
Includes (high value/kg) sutures
The world market for Technical Textiles – having reached 147 Bn USD in 2014 – is expected
to grow by 5% annually to a level of 198 Bn USD by 2020:
Figure 10: World TechTex market growth
2010 2014 2020

38.2 Mn t
22.5 Mn t 28.4 Mn t
25.8
+ 4.8%
+ 5.2%
All other
TechTex 19.5
15.9
Nonwoven
12.4
+ 7.8% 8.9 + 5.7%
6.6
116.5 Bn USD 147 Bn USD 198 Bn USD **
**
(@ 2014 €/USD conv. rate) CAGR 6.7% CAGR 5.1%
Source: Gherzi world TechTex model, EDANA Nonwoven study forecast
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Final Report
October 2016
For the year 2014 level of 115 Bn € (147 Bn USD) global TT market size the segmentation
by application comes to the following picture:
Figure 11: 2014 World consumption by TT segment
1) €/kg ᴓ 2)
Application kt % M€ % Mn USD
roll good price
Agrotech 2,250 8 7,777 7 3.45 9,930
Buildtech 3,060 10.5 12,954 11 4.2 16,540
Clothtech 1,090 4 4,237 4 3.9 5,431
Geotech
1,064 4 3,265 3 3.1 4,169
(incl. Oekotech)
Hometech 3,292 11.5 11,702 10 3.6 14,941
Indutech 4,030 14 20,036 17.5 5.0 25,581
3)
Medtech 515 2 3,794 3 7.4 4,844
3)
Hygiene 2,771 10 6,677 6 2.4 8,525
Mobiltech 4,006 14 19,012 16.5 4.8 24,274

Packtech 4,210 15 13,806 12 3.3 17,627
Protech 657 2 5,438 4.5 8.2 6,943
Sporttech 1,429 5 6,377 5.5 4.45 8,142
Total 28,375 100% 115,093 100 4.0 146,949

1)
Copyright Messe Frankfurt AG, Germany (regarding TechTex application definition)
2)
1.277 USD / € 2014 conversion rate
3)
Grouped together under ‘Medtech’ in the original Messe Frankfurt definition
The largest application is Indutech (17.5% of total in USD), followed by Mobiltech (16.5% of
total in USD), Packtech (12% of total in USD), Buildtech (11% of total in USD) and Hometech
(10% of total in USD).
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Final Report
October 2016
World market – Initial Gherzi conclusions:
 Technical Textiles represent a sizeable industry worldwide with 147 Bn USD demand on
yarn type / roll good level, not counting …
 The production of raw materials being consumed by this industry (28.4 MMT in
2014)
 The value added from downstream processing of Technical Textiles into made-ups
(like protective apparel), systems (like process filter units) or components (like car
seats)
 The industry shows attractive growth rates …
 6% p.a. between 2010 and 2014
 5% p.a. forecasted for 2014 to 2020
… not only in Nonwovens but also in (more traditional) fabric type or yarn type products
 Nonwovens are outgrowing yarn type and fabric type Technical Textiles and are thus
gaining % TT production share
 Indutech, Mobiltech, Packtech, Buildtech and Hometech together represent 2/3 of the
world market in value
 By raw material Polyester, Polyolefines (PE, PP) and Glass fibres represent close to 3/4
of feedstock used to produce Technical Textiles
 The EU is likely the largest single consumer of Technical Textiles worldwide with an
18% share in 2014 and thus a strong home base on which European producers can
build
 The 4 countries of the mission together represent another 28% world market share and
thus a market potential (on roll good / yarn type level) of 41 Bn USD in 2014
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Final Report
October 2016
D.3.2.2. EU TechTex scenario

D.3.2.2.1. Quantified analysis
The EU TechTex market 2014 constituted a volume of 27.1 Bn USD. Indutech and Mobiltech
are the largest segments in value:
Figure 12: EU TechTex consumption shares by segment
World market EU consumption EU as % of world market

Bn USD Bn USD
Source: Gherzi application based world and regional model,

Prodcom and UN Comtrade statistics
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Final Report
October 2016
Between 2010 and 2014 EU production of Technical Textiles has grown by 5 Bn USD ...
Figure 13: EU TechTex production 2010-2014
4.6 MMT 4.9 MMT
Yarn type: 0.35 MMT 0.37 MMT

Fabric type: 2.22 MMT 1.81 MMT
Nonwoven: 2.04 MMT 2.68 MMT
Source: Prodcom, Gherzi analysis, www.irs.gov
… with nonwovens increasing their share from 30% of EU (Euro value) production in 2010 to
36% of EU (Euro value) production in 2014.
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Final Report
October 2016
Main yarn type EU production concerns medical sutures (included, but not separately
identifiable in Prodcom statistics), sewing threads and cordage.
Figure 14: EU yarn type production 2010-2014
Production in Value
Production in KT CAGR
(Mn USD)
Segment
2010 /
2010 2014 2010 2014
2014
Polyethylene or polypropylene
binder or baler (agricultural) 91.2 99.1 188.5 230. 8 5%
twines
Cordage, ropes or cables of
poly-ethylene, polypropylene,
nylon or other polyamides or of
polyesters measuring > 50 000 64.5 85.0 329.4 377.8 3.5 %
decitex, of other synthetic
fibres (excluding binder or
baler twine)
Twines of polyethylene or
polypropylene, of nylon or
other polyamides or poly-
37.9 22.6 112.9 101.5 - 2.5 %
esters measuring ≤ 50 000
decitex (5 g/m) (excluding
binder or baler twine)
Rubber thread and cord, textile
covered; textile yarn and strip
impregnated, coated, covered 26.3 20.2 237.3 283.0 4.5 %
or sheathed with rubber or
plastics
Sewing thread of man-made
13.4 18.7 252.8 315.6 6%
filaments
Others (including sutures) 41.7 52.5 891.7 1,050.8 4%
Total (without Dual use) 275 298 2,013 2,360 4%
2010 - Euro / USD = 0.785 / 2014 - Euro / USD = 0.784

Main products (sutures covered under ‘others’)
Source: Prodcom, www.irs.gov
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Final Report
October 2016
Main fabric type EU production concern glass fibre fabrics (such as for composites) and non-
coated high tenacity filament based fabrics (like for seat belts).
Figure 15: EU fabric type production 2010-2014
Production in Value
(Mn USD)
Segment
2010 /
2010 2014 2010 2014
2014
Woven fabrics of glass
fibre (incl. narrow fabrics, 566.3 464.3 1,058.5 1,148. 1 2%
glass wool)
Textile fabrics,
impregnated, coated or 339.0 380.5 3,448.2 3,671.2 2%
covered n.e.c.
Woven fabrics of man-
made filament yarns
obtained from high
tenacity yarn, strip or the 131.7 140.0 1,306.2 1,734.7 7.5 %
like (including nylon,
other polyamides,
polyester, viscose rayon)
Tyre cord fabrics of high
tenacity yarn, of nylon,
other polyamides, 68.6 89.9 428.7 546.3 6%
polyesters or viscose
rayon
Textile wicks, conveyor
belts or belting (including
29.0 80.0 764.3 765.3 0%
reinforced with metal or
other material)
Knotted netting of textile
materials (excluding
made-up fishing nets of
75.7 70.0 337.5 338.9 0%
man-made textiles, other
made-up nets of nylon or
other polyamides)
Sacks and bags, of
polyethylene or
polypropylene strip, used
66.9 59.7 304.6 324.7 2%
for packing goods
(excluding knitted or
crocheted)
Others 500.9 164.9 4,050.9 4,403.8 2%
Total (without Dual use) 1,778 1,449 11,699 12,933 2.5 %
2010 - Euro / USD = 0.785 / 2014 - Euro / USD = 0.784

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Final Report
October 2016
Three major Nonwoven technologies dominate EU production:
 Chiefly spunbond ex chips (≤ 25 gsm)

 Chiefly carded spunlace hydro-entangled (> 25 gsm, but ≤ 70 gsm)
 Chiefly carded needle felt (> 150 gsm)
Figure 16: EU Nonwoven production 2010-2014
Production in
Value (Mn USD)
Segment
2010 /
2010 2014 2010 2014
2014
Nonwovens of a weight of > 150
g/m² (including articles made 1,936.9
from Nonwovens) (excluding 456.4 541.0 1,501.6 6.5 %
articles of apparel, coated or
covered)
Nonwovens of a weight ≤ 25
g/m² (including articles made 1,061.8
from Nonwovens) (excluding 366.1 450.0 1,479.6 9%
articles of apparel, coated or
covered)
Nonwovens of a weight of > 25
g/m² but ≤ 70 g/m² (including
articles made from Nonwovens) 352.8 366.0 1,404.1 1,564.1 3%
(excluding articles of apparel,
coated or covered)
Other vegetable textile fibres,
274.9 268.0 309.4 459.2 10 %
processed but not spun
Nonwovens, coated or covered
(including articles made from
153.6 239.3 827.6 1,152.5 9%
Nonwovens) (excluding articles
of apparel)
Others * 436.3 817.7 2,437.5 4,065.7 14 %
Total 2,040 2,682 7,542 10,658 9%
* (revised based on EDANA statistics

2010 - Euro / USD = 0.785 / 2014 - Euro / USD = 0.784
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Final Report
October 2016
EU 28 production of Technical Textiles 1) was ~ 30 Bn USD (23.3 Bn €) in 2014. The EU

trade balance in Technical Textiles is positive in value by 2.7 Bn USD in 2014. Mainly higher
value / kg items are exported, as the trade balance is negative in volume.
Figure 17: EU28 market and supply scenario 2014
1)
Yarn type, fabric type and Nonwovens
Source: Prodcom, UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis, research and estimates
- 88 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Techtex scenario in KT (2014): 5,285 kt consumption (of which 36% is imported in 2014);
Negative trade balance of 420 kt in 2014. Overall exports (in kt) represent 30% of production.
Figure 18: EU TechTex scenario in KT 2014
% Export
Segment Consumption Export Import Production
share
Yarn type 369 113 110 373 30%
Fabric type 2,514 512 1,215 1,811 28%
Nonwoven
2,402 848 568 2,682 32%
type ***
Total 5,285 1,473 1,893 4,866 30%
Industrial
38 214
Yarn *
Made-up
118 965
products **
Source: Prodcom, UN Comtrade, EDANA / INDA, Gherzi analysis, research and estimates
EU TechTex scenario in Mn USD (2014): 27 Bn USD EU consumption (of which 43% is

imported) in 2014. Non EU exports (2014) exceed non EU imports (2014) by 2.7 Bn USD.
Overall exports (in USD) represent 48% of production.
Figure 19: EU TechTex scenario in Mn USD 2014
Segment % Export
Consumption Export Import Production
share
Yarn type 2,208 2,107 1,367 2,949 71 %
Fabric type 16,306 7,074 7,216 16,165 44 %
Nonwoven
8,527 5,044 2,914 10,658 47 %
type ***
Total 27,044 14,225 11,497 29,772 48 %
Industrial
323 671
Yarn *
Made-up
1,548 4,165
products **
Source: Prodcom, UN Comtrade, EDANA / INDA, Gherzi analysis, research and estimates
* Industrial yarn includes mainly High Tenacity filament (such as from Polyester) and Aramids
** Made-ups – Reference: CIRFS – 4 HS codes: HS 6305 (sacks and bags of a kind used for the
packing of goods), 6306 (tarpaulins, awnings and sun blinds, tents), 870871 (safety seat belts),
00206305 (other made-up articles)
*** The Nonwoven Trade data are based – in this report – on UN Comtrade statistics. Nonwoven industry
internal and confidential export data come to a lower volume of exports in the EDANA industry asso-
ciation definition of the relevant Nonwoven categories. For reasons of consistency the entire Gherzi
trade flow analysis in this report is, however, based on UN Comtrade data only.
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Final Report
October 2016
Out of total EU TechTex exports 2014 of 14.2 Bn USD about 21% go into the 4 countries of
the mission, mainly (3/4) to the USA.
Figure 20: EU TechTex scenario in Mn USD 2014
EU of which
exports
Segment total USA Brazil Korea Japan
2,107 390 26 46 100

Yarn type *
100% 19% 1% 2% 5%
7,074 1,398 149 113 133
Fabric type *
100% 20% 2% 2% 2%
5,044 525 48 67 146
Nonwoven type
100% 10% 1% 1% 3%
Total TechTex exports (Mn USD) 14,225 2,313 223 226 379
100% 16% 2% 2% 3%
* Including ‘Dual use’, which stands for TechTex products, which – in the UN Comtrade nomencla-
ture – cannot be clearly identified as Technical Textiles as such (e.g. cotton wovens serving home
textile, fashion as well as Technical Textile markets)
Source: UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis and estimates
For details regarding EU trade in Technical Textiles please see Appendix 3.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.3.2.2.2. Conclusions
i. EU TechTex production (without raw materials = industrial yarns and made-ups): Initial
conclusions
Between 2010 and 2014 EU TechTex production (in value, including ‘dual use’ TechTex
products) has been growing at 4% p.a. from 24.7 Bn USD in 2010 to 29.8 Bn USD in 2014:
 Yarn type: 4 % p.a.
 Fabric type: 2.5 % p.a.
 Nonwovens: 7 % p.a.
In terms of size (value) of 2014 EU TechTex production

 Cords / cables / ropes and sewing threads (together 693 Mn USD in 2014) are
the most important product categories in yarn type Technical Textiles (2,949
Mn USD in total for 2014 including ‘Dual use’ products)
 Coated fabrics, glass fabrics and fabrics based on high tenacity filaments
(together 6,554 Mn USD) are the most important product categories in fabric
type Technical Textiles (16,165 Mn USD in total for 2014 including ‘Dual use’
products)
 Within Nonwovens (10.658 Mn USD in total for 2014) no product category
really dominates, as production is well spread over …
• < 25 gsm (mainly spunmelt technology)
• 25 - ≤ 70 gsm
• > 70 gsm
… type products
Nota bene:
2010 - Euro / USD = 0.785 Source: Prodcom, www.irs.gov
2014 - Euro / USD = 0.784
ii. EU consumption / import / export: Initial conclusion

EU consumption 2014 of Technical Textiles (without raw materials = industrial yarns and
made-ups) was 27 Bn USD, corresponding to a volume of 5,285 kt
 The EU trade balance was positive in value by 2.7 Bn USD and negative in
volume by 420 kt: Mainly high value (USD / kg) TechTex products are
exported while low value per kg products are imported
– ᴓ EU export value 2014: 9.65 USD / kg
– ᴓ EU import value 2014: 6.07 USD / kg
 2014 EU TechTex exports as percent of production reach 48% in value (Mn
USD) and 30% in volume (kt). High value yarn type products (such as medical
sutures) are a typical product explaining the higher export share in value
(USD) compared to the share in volume (kt)
 Whereas the industrial yarn (TT raw material) data are clearly Technical
Textiles only, the made-up data (in the CIRFS study definition) might contain
substantial amounts of non-Technical Textile products
Source: Prodcom, UN Comtrade, EDANA / INDA,

Gherzi analysis, research and estimates
- 91 -
Final Report
October 2016

Global and EU Market Scenario

Overview on the Regulatory and Customs-related TT Framework
- 92 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.4. Overview on the regulatory and customs-related TT framework

D.4.1. Exchange rates
European export performance of Technical Textiles is strongly linked with forex evolution and
the past years scenario has not been always favourable. The observed yo-yoing of Euro
compared with foreign currencies – or the absence of stability – makes life difficult for
exporters who cannot easily predict currency fluctuation. Long term export strategies indeed
request a minimum level of visibility in order to mitigate risks.
Figures 21, 22, 23 and 24 highlight the historical exchange rates from January 2011 to June
2016 between Euro and the respective currencies in the four studied countries, namely:
 US dollar – USA
 Real – Brazil
 Won – South Korea
 Yen – Japan
In terms of fluctuation, the highest difference occurred with the Brazilian Real which was
nearly divided by two during the considered period (Refer to Figure 22). Even if the last
months have registered a slight re-evaluation of the Brazilian currency vis-à-vis the Euro,
European exports have lost competitiveness due to this forex situation. Apart from high tariff
and non-tariff barriers identified in Brazil, the currency situation is also a very strong factor
explaining the difficulty to penetrate this country for European Technical textiles SMEs.
On the contrary, the last 18 months have offered a good opportunity window for European
exporters in the USA thanks to a relatively strong US dollar which was not the case before
2015. Since March 2014, the EUR decreased indeed by more than 20% compared with the
US Dollar (Refer to Figure 21).
The exchange rate Euro vs S. Korean Won evolution was quite stable from 2011 to 2014
fluctuating in a range from 1,400 to 1,600 Won for 1 Euro. The situation changed during the
first quarter 2014 when the Euro started to lose ground vis-à-vis the Won. The first half of
2016 has registered a relatively stable evolution between the two currencies around 1,300
Won for 1 Euro, a level below the average of the considered period, i.e. 1,400 (refer to
Figure 23).
As illustrated in Figure 24, the exchange rate Euro vs. Japanese Yen fluctuated by more
than 50% with a strong appreciation of the Euro at the expense of European exporters.
However, the situation is better since the beginning of 2015 with a progressive depreciation
of the Euro vs the Yen which is remaining around the period average (2011-June 2016), i.e.
120 Yen for 1 Euro.
- 93 -
Final Report
October 2016
Figure 21: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs US$
Source: OANDA
• Lowest: 1.07 – November 2015

• Highest: 1.45 – April 2011
• Period average: 1.27
• Lowest vs highest: 35%
• Strong depreciation of EUR exchange rate since March 2014 (approx. 23%)
- 94 -
Final Report
October 2016
Figure 22: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs BRL
Source: OANDA
• Lowest: 2.23 – July 2011

• Highest: 4.38 – February 2016
• Period average: 2.95
• Strong appreciation of EUR exchange rate since September 2014 (approx. 46%)
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Figure 23: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs KRW
Source: OANDA
• Lowest: 1 171 – April 2015

• Highest: 1 579 – October 2011
• Period average: 1 410
• Appreciation of EUR exchange rate since April 2015 (approx. 11%)
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Figure 24: Historical exchange rates: EUR vs Yen
Source: OANDA
Lowest: 97 – July 2012

Highest: 147 – December 2014
Period average: 124
Lowest vs highest: 52%
Depreciation of EUR exchange rate since December 2014 (approx. 15%)
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D.4.2. Free Trade Agreements (‘FTA’)

D.4.2.1. Proliferation of FTAs
2005 has been a turning point in international trade relationships with the emergence and
proliferation of numerous free trade agreements (FTAs) and Trade Preference Programs
(TPAs). This has been the case for most of the four studied countries except Brazil which
has not been lately engaged in any active trade negotiations with partner countries and/or
regions. Those FTAs have radically revamped the way supply chains are organised and
selected by allowing to specific countries a preferential access to large consuming zones
under certain conditions.
Figure 49 illustrates the year of implementation of FTAs and TPAs signed by the four studied
countries:
Figure 25: Year of FTAs coming into force
Source: Organisation of American States
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The implementation of FTAs responds to specific principles which are unique by nature. The
example of the USA in the textile and clothing industry illustrates the complexity of those
rules:
 Trade Preference Programs and Free Trade Agreements negotiated by the USA allow
textile and apparel goods duty-free entry into the U.S. if the goods meet the rule of origin
 The textile and apparel rule of origin for these programs and agreements is commonly
known as the ‘yarn-forward’ standard, which requires that the yarn production and all
operations ‘forward’ (i.e., fabric production through apparel assembly) occur in either the
United States and/or the partner country
 However, fibers, yarns, and fabrics determined not to be available in commercial

quantities in a timely manner may be sourced from outside the countries for use in
qualifying textile and apparel products
 For example, a fabric that is determined not to be commercially available may come from
a third party, be cut-and-assembled into a garment in the partner country, and imported to
the U.S. duty-free
There are several FTAs which can have an impact for European SMEs export performance
among all the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP), the Trans-Pacific
Partnership (TPP), The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the EU-
Japan FTA and the EU-Mercosur Association Agreement. The EU-South Korea Free Trade
Agreement came already into force back in 2011.
The T-TIP
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) is a trade agreement to be
negotiated between the European Union and the United States aiming at creating growth
and jobs on both sides of the Atlantic by removing trade barriers.
Since the first round of talks in June 2013, the negotiations have continued every few weeks.
There is a clear uncertainty on the time the negotiations and the ratification process may
take but the T-TIP would represent a major step in the trade relationships between the USA
and the EU with anticipated significant impact for EU TechTex SMEs by allowing a privileged
access to the vast US TechTex market.
At that stage, it is difficult to envisage the way sensitive topics will be considered in the T-TIP
like norms and standards, rules of origin, tariff barrier removal, etc.
The TPP
The TPP is a standard FTA providing duty-free access for its 12 members (Australia, Brunei,
Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, United States,
Vietnam provided the double transformation rule is observed. It is important to notice that
accumulation is allowed only among TPP members. For access into the US, the countries –
and especially the US and the other members - have agreed to a long list of short supply
fabric and yarns which if incorporated into the final garment/product can benefit from
preferential entry under the TPP even if they originate in third countries.
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The TPP covers all textile and apparel products although duties are phased in at different
time schedules.
The expectation is that the agreement will enter into effect in 2017. The TPP provides for the
agreement to enter into force 60 days after the date on which all original signatories have
notified the Depositary in writing of the completion of their applicable legal procedures. If this
does not occur within two years, the agreement shall enter into force 60 days after the expiry
of this period if at least six of the original signatories, which together account for at least 85%
of the combined gross domestic product of the original signatories in 2013 have notified.
The biggest question is whether US will ratify and if so when. Serious opposition has,
however, so far only been detected in the United States (and Malaysia as well).
US duties on a large number of textile-related products meeting TPP origin requirements and
imported into the US will be eliminated immediately upon entry of force of the agreement.
The major consequence of TPP could be in the future and go far beyond the market access
provisions. Many believe it is only a matter of time before the Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership (RCEP) and TPP are combined. This would allow some duty-free
treatment into the US market for China and India. The actual impact on Vietnamese
competitiveness will be dependent on the specific provisions covering textile and apparel
trade.
The RCEP
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations were launched by
leaders from (Association of Southern Asian Nations) ASEAN and ASEAN's free trade
agreement (FTA) partners in the margins of the East Asia Summit in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia on 20 November 2012. The RCEP is an ASEAN-centred proposal for a regional
free trade area, which would initially include the ten ASEAN member states and those
countries which have existing FTAs with ASEAN – Australia, China, India, Japan, Republic of
Korea and New Zealand. RCEP is usually viewed as an alternative to the TPP, which
includes the USA but excludes China.
Reinforcing trade relationships within Asian and Oceanian may ultimately jeopardize the
competitiveness of European TechTex companies.
The EU-Japan FTA

The EU-Japan Free Trade Agreement negotiations were officially launched on 25 March
2013. The negotiations aim at concluding an ambitious and mutually beneficial trade
agreement which will lead to economic growth both in the EU and in Japan. During the
negotiations a number of EU concerns will be addressed, including the non-tariff barriers
which European companies encounter in Japan and the further opening of the Japanese
public procurement market. There have been ten negotiating rounds so far (in April, June,
and October 2013, in January, March/April and July, October and December 2014, and in
February 2015 and April 2015).
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The EU-Mercosur Association Agreement

A future EU-Mercosur Association Agreement – currently under negotiation – should provide
a boost to regional trade integration among the countries of Mercosur and stimulate new
opportunities for trade and investment with the EU by removing tariff and non-tariff barriers to
trade and FDI. The potential economic impact is high, also taking into consideration
Mercosur maintains a highly protected market. The EU-Mercosur Association Agreement will
cover, among other issues, trade in goods and services, investments, intellectual property
rights (IPR) aspects including protection of geographical indications, government
procurement, technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phyto-sanitary aspects.
However there is no clarity yet on how and when the negotiation will enter into a more active
period. Consequently, it is still impossible to predict when this agreement has a chance to be
signed and ratified.
The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement

The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) entered into force in July 2011 and it is
the first of a new generation of FTAs. It goes indeed further than any previous agreements in
lifting trade barriers and it is also the EU's first trade deal with an Asian country. The
agreement eliminates duties for industrial and agricultural goods in a progressive, step-by-
step approach. The majority of import duties were removed already when the FTA came into
force on 1 July 2011. On 1 July 2016, import duties have been eliminated on all products
except for a limited number of agricultural products.
The impacts of the FTA between the EU and South Korea are both negative and positive for
the partners. In 2007, Korea recorded a trade surplus with the EU of 19.1 Bn US$. In 2014, it
changed to a trade deficit of 10.7 Bn UU$. EU exports of goods have increased by 55% in
the first 4 years of the FTA at a much more important level than the Korean economic
growth. The EU share of Korea´s imports increased from 9% to 13%, while the USA
remained steady und Japan lost 2%.
One negative aspect mentioned by interviewed companies in Korea concern the resource-
and time-consuming work to prepare and deliver the necessary documentation related to
“country of origin”. This has been a direct consequence of the coming into force of the FTA;
this administrative process did not exist prior to 2011. For large corporations operating with
many foreign production units, the delivery of individual original certificate leads to delays of
minimum 2 weeks.
Figures 26, 27, 28 and 29 highlight the FTAs which are either in force, completed or under
negotiations in the four studied countries.
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Figure 26: FTA USA
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Figure 27: FTA Brazil
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Figure 28: FTA Korea
Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Republic of Korea
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Figure 29: FTA Japan
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D.4.2.2. The impact of FTAs in Technical Textiles trade

Figures 30, 31, 32 and 33 analyse the imports of Technical Textiles in the four studied
countries for one specific product example in each category namely yarn type, fabric type,
nonwoven, industrial yarn and made-ups. For each selected product (HS 300610, HS 5903,
HS 5603, HS 540219, HS 621010) the imports are indicated for the year 2005, 2010 and
2014 in value terms. The figures also reflect the value and the % of imports per year
originated from countries having signed an FTA.
In the USA, the share of sterile surgical catgut imports from countries having signed a FTA
went from 5.1% in 2005 to nearly 12% in 2014. This stiff progression has not been observed
neither for coated fabrics or nonwoven demonstrating the difficulty to clearly conclude on the
real effect of FTAs in terms of trade in Technical Textiles. In nonwovens, the share of non-
FTA related imports represent more than 75% and 64% for coated textile fabrics with a
relative stability in terms of % for both categories whilst total imports significantly increased
over that period, i.e. from 2005 to 2014. Thus the implementation of several important FTAs
has not radically changed the import situation in the USA for certain categories of products.
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Figure 30: FTA country share in total TT imports – USA
In million US$
HS Import Import Import
2005 2010 2014
code
Total imports 102.49 276.18 342.88
Sterile Surgical FTA* 5.24 7.50 40.89
300610 Catgut, etc. % 5.1% 2.7% 11.9%
Non-FTA 97.25% 268.69 301.99
% 94.9% 97.3% 88.1%
Total imports 484.13 581.18 908.47
Coated textile FTA* 173.79 185.72 331.11

5903 Fabrics, etc. % 35.9% 32.0% 36.4%
Non-FTA 310.34 395.47 577.36
% 64.1% 68.0% 63.6%
Total imports 762.72 849.50 1’143.31
FTA* 224.11 227.84 271.99

Nonwovens
5603 % 29.4% 26.8% 23.8%
Non-FTA 538.61 621.67 871.32
% 70.6% 73.2% 76.2%
Total imports n.a. 171.54 228.73

FTA* n.a. 133.56 194.51
High-tenacity
540219 filament yarn of % 77.9% 85.0%
nylon, etc.
Non-FTA n.a. 1.04 0.03
% 0.6% 0.0%
Total imports 444.69 591.07 742.37

FTA* 150.79 193.09 222.30
Garments made
621010
up of nonwovens % 33,9% 32.7% 29.9%
Non-FTA 293.90 397.98 520.07
% 66.1% 67.3% 70.1%
*Imports originating from a country/group of countries having signed an FTA under or not the FTA regime
FTA impact
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In Brazil, the non-FTA related imports clearly dominate in yarns and fabrics as illustrated in
Figure 31 with sterile surgical catgut (97.7% in 2014) and coated textile fabrics (98.2% in
2014); this same domination was also observed back in 2005. In nonwoven and at least for
the selected product, i.e. HS 5603, non-FTA related imports represent 70.9% with a stable %
over the last decade. The situation illustrates the fact that Brazil has remained quite isolated
having signed FTAs mostly with South American countries without any strong Technical
Textiles industry.
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Figure 31: FTA country share in total TT imports – Brazil
In million US$

2005 2010 2014
code
Total imports 8.37 15.59 32.60
300610
Catgut, etc. % 3.4% 7.5% 2.3%
Non-FTA 8.09 14.42 31.84
% 96.6% 92.5% 97.7%
Total imports 35.90 89.86 97.81

5903 Fabrics, etc. % 7.1% 4.4% 1.8%
Non-FTA 33.36 85.88 96.05
% 92.9% 95.6% 98.2%
Total imports 53.24 122.21 153.44

FTA* 17.03 38.99 44.67
Nonwovens % 32.0% 31.9% 29.1%
5603
Non-FTA 36.21 83.22 108.77
% 68.0% 68.1% 70.9%

FTA* n.a 17.48 45.05
High-tenacity
540219 filament yarn of % 55.3% 68.5%
nylon, etc.
Non-FTA n.a. 14.15 20.73
% 44.7% 31.5%
Garments made FTA* 0.09 0.47 7.18

621010 up of
% 12.4% 8.7% 42.3%
nonwovens
Non-FTA 0.65 4.97 9.80
% 87.6% 91.3% 57.7%
FTA impact
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In Korea, FTAs have had significant impacts especially for sterile surgical catgut for the
benefit of European companies. In 2014, FTA-related imports represented more than 82% of
total imports whilst this % was below 1% before the implementation of the EU-Korea FTA.
For coated fabrics, the progression of FTA-related imports has been also quite significant
representing 0% in 2005 and 21% ten years later whilst imports have doubled in the same
period.
In nonwoven, and at least for HS 5603, FTA-related imports have achieved to represent
nearly one third of Korean imports.
The whole situation Korea may also changed over the years to come with the
implementation of the China-Korea FTA which anticipates a progressive phasing-out of
import duties between both countries.
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Figure 32: FTA country share in total TT imports – Korea
In million US$

code 2005 2010 2014
Total imports 20.17 44.39 51.10

FTA* 0.00 0.31 42.06
Sterile Surgical
300610 Catgut, etc. % 0.0% 0.7% 82.3%
Non-FTA 20.17 44.08 9.05
% 100.0% 99.3% 17.7%
Total imports 68.04 108.77 130.34

5903 Fabrics, etc. % 0.0% 7.8% 21.0%
Non-FTA 68.04 100.29 103.01
% 100.0% 92.2% 79.0%
5603 Total imports 123.17 212.65 329.74

FTA* 0.00 141.95 205.91
Nonwovens % 0.0% 33.1% 31.5%
Non-FTA 241.42 286.31 448.47
% 100.0% 66.9% 68.5%

FTA* n.a. 2.05 10.92
High-tenacity
540219 filament yarn of % 3.2% 12.1%
nylon, etc.
Non-FTA n.a. 61.56 79.92
% 96.8% 87.9%

up of
621010 % 0.0% 11.6% 27.8%
nonwovens
Non-FTA 4.79 1.59 6.89
% 100.0% 88.4% 72.2%
FTA impact
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In Japan, FTAs have had significant impacts especially for sterile surgical catgut. In 2014,
FTA-related imports represented 24% of total imports whilst there were imported in that
category in 2005 and 2010.
In fabric, non-FTA related imports clearly dominate representing more than 88% in 2014.
In nonwoven, FTA-related imports managed to achieve one third of the total Japanese
imports in that category in a dynamic market registering stiff growth.
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Figure 33: FTA country share in total TT imports – Japan
In million US$

code 2005 2010 2014
Total imports 56.72 75.66 265.84

Catgut, etc. % 0.0% 0.0% 24.1%
300610
Non-FTA 56.72 75.63 201.79
% 100.0% 100.0% 75.9%
Total imports 69.7 79.20 107.45

5903 Fabrics, etc. % 0.0% 16.8% 11.5%
Non-FTA 69.67 65.91 95.12
% 100.0% 83.2% 88.5%
Total imports 241.42 428.26 654.37

FTA* 0.00 141.95 205.91
Nonwovens % 0.0% 33.1% 31.5%
5603
Non-FTA 241.42 286.31 448.47
% 100.0% 66.9% 68.5%

FTA* n.a. 0.95 14.04
High-tenacity
540219 filament yarn of % 9.8% 69.8%
nylon, etc.
Non-FTA n.a. 8.67 60.06
% 90.2% 30.2%
Total imports 41.45 81.22 86.19

621010 up of
% 0.0% 24.0% 44.4%
nonwovens
Non-FTA 41.45 61.70 46.96
% 100.0% 76.0% 55.6%
FTA impact
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D.4.3. Import duties and taxes

The following briefly describes the situation in each of the four studied countries regarding
duty rate, sales tax and other taxes and custom fees.
D.4.3.1. USA
Overview
 Import duty and taxes are due when importing goods into the United States whether by a
private individual or a commercial entity
 The valuation method is FOB (Free on Board), which means that the import duty and
taxes payable are calculated exclusively on the value of the imported goods
 However, some duties are based part in value and part in quantity. In addition to duty,
imports may be subject to a Merchandise Processing Fee, and in some cases to sales
tax, and Federal Excise Tax
Duty rate
 Duty rates in Technical Textiles in the U.S. can be ad valorem (as a percentage of value)
or specific (dollars/cents per unit)
 Duty rates vary from 0% to 27.9%, depending on the TT product
Sales tax
 Sales tax is not automatically charged on imported goods. However, Customs and
Border Protection (CBP) declarations are made available to state tax representatives that
may occasionally claim state taxes from the importer
Other taxes and custom fees
 CBP collects federal taxes and fees on behalf of other federal agencies, like the Internal
Revenue Service, depending on the commodity being imported. User fees depend on
the type of entry and mode of transportation
 Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) on formal entries (for imports of goods valued over
2,500 USD) is set at 0.3464% of the value of the goods with a minimum charge of 25
USD and a maximum of 485 USD.
There are sometimes specific requirements imposed by the USA for special products. They
usually consist of special documents and forms to be prepared and gathered for custom
clearance. Figure 34 illustrates these specific requirements with the example of HS 3006 or
sterile surgical catgut.
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Figure 34: Example: HS 300610 / Special requirements to the USA
Specific applicability conditions for product under HS code 3006: Requirements

Approval of New Animal Drugs Only required if intended for veterinary purposes
Approval of New Drugs
Registration of Medical Devices Establishment
Registration of Drug Establishment
Only required if containing products of endangered
Import Licence for Wildlife
animals or plants
Only required if containing products of protected
Import Permit for Protected Plants and Products Thereof
plants
Import Permit for Veterinary Biologics Only required if veterinary biologics
Only required if containing products of endangered
Import Permit for Endangered Animals and Products Thereof
animals
Medical Devices Listing
Drug Product Listing
Only required for 3006.10.01, 3006.20, 3006.30.10,
Manufacturer Identification (MID) Code 3006.30.50, 3006.40, 3006.50, 3006.60, 3006.70,
3006.91, 3006.92
Notification of Trans-frontier Movement of Waste Only required for 3006.92
Premarket Approval for Medical Devices Only required if class III device
Hazardous Waste Manifest Only required for 3006.92
Agent Letter
Accompanying Document for Trans-frontier Movement of Waste Only required for 3006.92
Premarket Notification for Medical Devices
Only required for 3006.10.01, 3006.20, 3006.30.10,
Notice of FDA Action 3006.30.50, 3006.40, 3006.50, 3006.60, 3006.70,
3006.91, 3006.92
Requirements for 300610 highlighted in bold
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D.4.3.2. Brazil
Overview
 Import duty and taxes are due when importing goods into Brazil whether by a private
individual or a commercial entity
 The valuation method is CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), which means that the import
duty and taxes payable are assessed on the sum of the value of the imported goods, the
cost of freight, and the cost of insurance
 In addition to duty, imports are subject to a state sales tax (ICMS), a type of federal tax
(PIS PASEP and COFINS), excise tax (IPI) on certain good
Duty rates
 Duty rates in Brazil vary from 0% to 35%, depending on the TT product
Sales tax
 CMS is a state sales tax, and therefore tax rates in Brazil vary by state. There are three
different rates that apply as follows: 19% - Rio de Janeiro, 18% - Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais
and Parana, 17% - All other states. ICMS is calculated on the sum of the CIF value, duty,
and any excise and federal taxes if applicable
 IPI is a Federal Excise Tax. It ranges between 0% and 300% and is calculated on the
CIF value of an import
 PIS, PASEP and COFINS, are Federal Taxes and are calculated on the sum of the CIF
value, plus duty, plus any IPI applicable
 Storage fee: 1% of the sum of CIF value and duty
 Air Handling fee: BRL 0.015 per kg
 Airport fee: 50% of the sum of the storage fee and the air handling fee
 Declaration fee: a flat fee of BRL 30 per shipment
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There are sometimes specific requirements imposed by Brazil for special products. They
Figure 35: Example: HS 300610 to Brazil
Specific applicability conditions for product under HS

Requirements
code 3006:
Licence to Import Medical Products for Human Use
Only required if intended for human use
and Related Products
Only required if intended for veterinary
Registration of Importers of Agricultural Products
purposes
Registration of Medical Products
Only required for 3006.10.10, 3006.10.90,
Non-Automatic Import Licence
3006.60, 3006.70, 3006.92
Permit to Import Endangered Species Subject to the
Only required if subject to CITES
Washington Convention (CITES)
Permit to Import Veterinary Products and Supplies
purposes
Inspection of Agricultural Products
purposes
Certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice for Higher Only required for high risk medical
Risk Medical Products products
Certificate of Analysis
purposes
Free Sale Certificate
Movement Document for Transboundary Movements of
Only required for 3006.92
Hazardous Waste
Notification of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Only required for 3006.92
Waste
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D.4.3.3. South Korea

Overview
 Import duty and taxes are due when importing goods into South Korea whether by a
private individual or a commercial entity
duty and taxes payable are calculated on the complete shipping value, which includes the
cost of the imported goods, the cost of freight, and the cost of insurance
 In addition to duty, imports are subject to sales tax, education tax, STRD tax,
transportation tax, and special consumption tax
Duty rates
 Since the ratification of the Free Trade Agreement between the EU and South Korea,
there is no import duty for TT products exported from the EU to South Korea
Sales tax
 VAT is levied on imports at a standard rate of 10% on the sum of the CIF value, duty
and other taxes if applicable
 Special consumption tax is charged on certain products as ad valorem at rates

between 5% and 20% of the sum of the CIF value and duty
 It can also be specific, i.e. charged per unit of measure. STRD (Special Tax for Rural
Development) is charged on certain products at 10% of the Special Consumption tax
 Transportation tax is charged on some products based on quantity
 Education tax is charged at rates between 10% and 30% based on Special
Consumption tax, or Liquor tax, or Transportation tax, whichever is applicable
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There are sometimes specific requirements imposed by Korea for special products. They
Figure 36: Example: HS 300610 to Korea
Specific applicability conditions for

Requirements
product under HS code 3006:
Registration of Foodstuffs and their Only required for 3006.10.50.10, 3006.70 if consignments
Manufacturers subject to the Food Sanitation Act
Registration of Importers and Dealers of
Only required for 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.90 if subject to
Cosmetics the Cosmetics Act
Only required for 3006.10.50.10, 3006.70 if consignments
Licence to Deal in Foodstuffs
subject to the Food Sanitation Act
Only required for 3006.10.10.10, 3006.10.10.20,
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
Licence to Deal in Medical Equipment 3006.20, 3006.30.20, 3006.40.10, 3006.40.20, 3006.40.30,
3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if products subject to the Medical
Devices Act
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.60, 3006.70,
Licence to Import Pharmaceutical
3006.92.10.10, 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.10,
Products
3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.31, 3006.92.20.32,
3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30, 3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if
pharmaceuticals or narcotics
Only required for 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.90 if functional
Examination of Functional Cosmetics
cosmetics subject to the Cosmetics Act
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.10,
3006.10.50.90, 3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.60,
3006.70, 3006.91, 3006.92.10.10, 3006.92.10.90,
Import Permit for Goods in Approved
3006.92.20.10, 3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.31,
Packaging Materials
3006.92.20.32, 3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30, 3006.92.40,
3006.92.50 if the packing materials thereof are outlined
in the Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of
Resources
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
Import Permit for Medical Equipment 3006.20, 3006.30.20, 3006.40.10, 3006.40.20, 3006.40.30,
3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if products subject to the Medical
Devices Act
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.60, 3006.70,
3006.92.10.10, 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.10,
Import Permit for Pharmaceuticals
3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.31, 3006.92.20.32,
3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30, 3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if
pharmaceuticals in accordance with the Pharmaceutical
Affairs Act
Import Permit for Raw Materials for
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
Pharmaceutical Products
3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.60, 3006.70,
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3006.92.10.10, 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.10,

3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.31, 3006.92.20.32,
3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30, 3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if raw
materials for pharmaceuticals in accordance with the
Pharmaceutical Affairs Act
Quarantine Permit for Animal Products 3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.90 if products subject to the Act
on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases
Only required for 3006.91 if highly likely to bear a risk
Safety Certification of Industrial Products according to the Quality Control and Safety Management of
Industrial Products Act
Only required for 3006.91 if likely to bear a risk according to
Safety Self-Assurance of Industrial
the Quality Control and Safety Management of Industrial
Products
Products Act
Quarantine and Import Permit for Plants Only required for 3006.92.20.90 if consignments subject to
and Plant Products the Plant Protection Act
Only required for 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.90 if subject to
Entry Notice for Cosmetics
the Cosmetics Act
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
Import Notification for Medical
3006.20, 3006.30.20, 3006.40.10, 3006.40.20, 3006.40.30,
Equipment
3006.92.40, 3006.92.50 if in accordance with the Medical
Devices Act
Only required for 3006.92.20.90 if consignments subject to
Phytosanitary Certificate
the Plant Protection Act
Only required for 3006.10.50.10, 3006.70 if consignments
Import Report for Foodstuffs
subject to the Food Sanitation Act
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.60, 3006.70,
Certificate of Analysis
3006.92.10.10, 3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.10,
3006.92.20.20, 3006.92.20.31, 3006.92.20.32,
3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30, 3006.92.40, 3006.92.50
3006.10.20, 3006.10.30, 3006.10.40, 3006.10.50.90,
3006.20, 3006.30.10, 3006.30.20, 3006.40.10, 3006.40.20,
Certificate of Good Manufacturing
3006.40.30, 3006.60, 3006.70, 3006.92.10.10,
Practice
3006.92.10.90, 3006.92.20.10, 3006.92.20.20,
3006.92.20.31, 3006.92.20.32, 3006.92.20.90, 3006.92.30,
3006.92.40, 3006.92.50
Only prohibited for 3006.92.30 if ginseng product of single-
Prohibited Imports
ingredient
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D.4.3.4. Japan
Overview
 Import duty and taxes are due when importing goods into Japan whether by a private
individual or a commercial entity
duty and taxes payable are calculated on the complete shipping value, which includes
the cost of the imported goods, the cost of freight, and the cost of insurance
 Some duties are based on quality. In addition to duty, imports are also subject to
Consumption Tax, Excise, and other taxes on fuel products
Duty rates
 Duty rates in Japan vary from 0% to 12.8%, depending on the TT product
 Some duties are based on quantity in addition to CIF
Sales tax
 Consumption tax is levied on imports at a standard rate of 8% calculated on the sum of

the CIF value and duty
 Nothing to report
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There are sometimes specific requirements imposed by Korea for special products. They
Figure 37: Example: HS 300610 / Special requirements to Japan
Specific applicability conditions for product

Requirements
under HS code 3006:
Licence to Manufacture/Market Products Subject
to the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law
Accreditation as Overseas Manufacturer
Marketing Approval for Pharmaceuticals
Marketing Approval for Specially Controlled Only required for specially controlled
Medical Devices medical devices
Approval Certificate for Controlled Medical
Only required for controlled medical devices
Devices
Notification of Transboundary Movements of
Only required for 3006.92 if hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste
Certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice
Declaration of Conformity
Movement Document for Transboundary Movements
Only required for 3006.92 if hazardous waste
of Hazardous Waste
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D.4.3.5. Summary of import duties

Figure 38 highlights the different import duties existing in the four studies countries for EU
products and each category namely yarn type, fabric, nonwoven, industrial yarns and made
ups.
The selected products in each category are analysed later in this report.
Whilst EU benefits from a 0% duty regime with Korea since the coming into force of a FTA in
2011, the situation is very different with Brazil. In this country, import duties are very high and
usually range from 18% to 35%. Low import duties @ 2% are usually applicable to products
containing aramids and therefore difficult to source locally.
In Japan, the situation is contrasted depending on the product category; however very few
import duties are above 10% and a significant number of products already benefits from low
import duties, i.e. 5% and below.
In the USA, several products in yarn type, fabric and nonwoven, have already a 0% import
duty rate. However it is important to notice that the US HS codes list is sometimes much
more detailed that other countries with a myriad of different import duties for the same
category of products. This is for example the case for some fabric type products (e.g. HS
5903 – coated textile fabric) where 4 different import duty rates co-exist.
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Figure 38: Import duties and taxes (examples)
HS USA Japan Korea Brazil

code
0% or
0% 0%
300610 3.1% to 9.8%
2% / 18%
Type
Yarn
5607 0% 0% / 2.5% / 3.3% / 0%

2% / 18%
5609 4% / 5.3%
3005 0% 0% 0% 2% / 12%
2.7% / 7.5% / 8%/ 3.5%
5903 0% 2% / 18%
14.1%
5911 0% / 2.9% / 3.3%/ 2.8% to 8.2% 0%

16% / 26%
Fabric
540720 3.8% / 8% (various rates)
630392 11.3% 5.3% 0% 35%
0% to 8.8% 4% / 5.3% / 6.4% / 0%

5806 26%
(various rates) 7.4%
0%
5902 0% / 5.8% 3.5% / 5.8% / 6.6% 14% / 16%
560311&91 0% 0% / 4.3% 0% 2% / 26%
560312&13 0%
0% 0% / 4.3% 2% / 26%
560392&93
Nonwoven
0%
560314&94 0% 0% / 4.3% 2% / 26%
0% to 14.9% 0%
961900 3.9% to 10.8% 16%
(various rates)
630222& 0%
14.9% 5.3% 35%
32&53&93
540211 8.8% 2.7% 0% 2%

Industrial
yarns
540219 8.8% 2.7% 0% 2%
540220 7.5% / 8.8% 4% / 5% / 6.6% 0% 18%
0% / 2.8% / 8.5%
621010 9.1% / 10% 0% 35%
/16%
Made-ups
620332
(33,42,43) 0% to 27.9%
9.1% / 10% / 12.8% 0% 35%
621132 (various rates)
(33,42,43)
0% to 8.8%
6306 4% / 5.6% 0% 35%
(various rates)
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D.4.4. Norms and standards

D.4.4.1. Introduction
In many cases, meeting norms and standards are considered routine activities in the
Technical Textiles sector and part of doing business taking into consideration the technology
content of the manufactured products. It is usually perceived as an accepted requirement
and practice to secure sales in another territory.
Three different situations usually co-exist regarding norms and standards:
1. Bilateral agreements or standards between value chain partners, e.g. automotive

seating fabric shipped from a Tier-2 to a Tier-1 supplier
2. Formal norms being defined by national or international norming bodies (ISO, CEN,
ASTM, etc.) like for protective apparel or filtration
3. In certain cases, norms have also been established by private organizations like
insurance companies, e.g. Factory Mutual (FM) for roofing membranes in the USA
Where required, these standards and norms are incorporated in procurement contracts as
per customer requirements in industrial applications. This is the usual case in the four
studied countries, i.e. the USA, Brazil, South Korea and Japan.
Government regulations and consequently norms and standards are driving the use of more
sophisticated Technical Textiles products in the vast majority of segments like Protech,
Buildtech, Mobiltech, etc. On the one hand, the introduction and/or reinforcement of norms
and standards in developed and developing economies tend to create a normative ‘jungle’
which is difficult to understand for exporting European SMEs. On the other hand, norms and
standards illustrate the specificities of the Technical Textiles sector, an industry of specialists
focused on product performance and functionalization rather than haptic and design.
At the same time, many European Technical Textiles producers claim not to be too much
concerned by norms and standards due to them being positioned in the value chain as Tier-2
or even Tier-3 suppliers. In such cases, certification procedures remain under the
responsibility of their customers. This is of course true when European producers are not
involved in the delivery of a final product but suppliers of an intermediary product.
Even if part of the “business as usual”, understanding and complying with norms and
standards being in force in foreign countries is often synonymous of complexity, costs and
delays. At that respect, those norms and standards are viewed as an important non-tariff
barrier impacting negatively on the export performance of European Technical Textile SMEs
by limiting or excluding certain exports too difficult to penetrate markets.
There are three major aspects which need to be taken into consideration concerning the
export hurdles linked with norms and standards, i.e.
(i) the lack of reliable sources of information and support

(ii) the preference (over e.g. ISO norms) given to local norms and standards and
(iii) the prohibitive costs of getting products tested and certified in foreign countries.
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D.4.4.2. Lack of reliable sources of information and support

The difficulty in decoding the normative environment linked with Technical Textiles products
is illustrated by the absence of international keys for understanding, rules and internationally
harmonized norms and standards.
Moreover, Technical Textiles consist of numerous sub-segments and applications for which
particular norms and standards prevail. Thus what is true for one given Technical Textiles
applications (or products) may not be true for another one.
Similarly, each country has its own system for norms and standards which is – in some
cases – not a nationwide nomenclature. In the USA, for example, each state and some
counties have their own norms for pond liners, geotextiles and single-ply membranes.
Companies – especially SMEs – are confronted with a very complex normative universe
requesting the mobilization of internal resources to understand the way forward.
D.4.4.3. Preference given to local norms and standards

In many developed economies, the trend has been to establish local specific norms and
standards. Consequently ISO norms, even if recognized as a global initiative and reasonably
close to local nomenclatures, are not predominant in the USA and Japan, for example.
The same trends apply in China, where national standards seem to become the norm.
The review per studied country highlights the complexity generated by the absence of an
internationally accepted system of norms and standards.
D.4.4.3.1. USA
In the United States, industry relies on standards developed by hundreds of national and
international Standard Developing Organisations (SDOs). These SDOs are independent
organizations that identify market needs and react accordingly, working directly with
technical experts from around the globe to develop appropriate standards.
For Technical Textiles, the Association of Textile, Apparel & materials Professionals
(AATCC) and the ASTM are two important SDOs. For specific applications, highly
specialized organisations have also developed dedicated norms like The National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) for flame-resistant garments.
Some norms and standards developed by American SDOs are quite similar to European and
international ones as well as testing procedures. However, this situation does not prevail in
all segments of the Technical Textiles sector.
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D.4.4.3.2. Brazil
The certification process is relatively easy since, EU and local standards are usually similar.
However and in case of non-existing norms in Brazil, the importer may request a norm or
alternatively the exporter is forced to have a norm, e.g. ISO, DIN and any other norms
accepted internationally and in Brazil.
Three organisations/bodies are involved in norms in Brazil, namely:
1. ABNT (Brazilian National Standards Organisation) whose responsibilities cover the

following:
 Issue of the norms
 Administration of all existing and approved voluntary norms
 Certification of the system and special technical courses
2. ABNT/CB-O17 (Brazilian committee for textile and clothing)

 More than 200 committees in activity
 Prepares the norms in sub-committees with the leading sector’s associations like
ABIT, ABINT, etc.
 Represents the proposed norms in a national Public Consultancy process
 After the approval from the Public Consultancy process, approves the norms
 Registration of the voluntary norms at ABNT, ISO, OMC, etc.
 A lot of norms still have to be completed, such as filtration fabrics, Hygiene

products (wipers), fabrics for automobile, etc.
3. INMETRO: Governmental agency to monitor the whole system of the norms Authority
to apply penalties and/or special sanction, if necessary.
D.4.4.3.3. South Korea

The certification process in South Korea is relatively easy where European and international
norms are either accepted or similar to local norms. However, specific local norms have
been introduced especially in sensitive segments like, e.g., Protech.
Interviewed companies have not highlighted any specific issues related to norms and
standards.
D.4.4.3.4. Japan
Norms in Japan are generally laid down by industrial standards and tested under JIS (Japan
Industrial Standard) through a network of accredited laboratories. Based on different
interviewed Japanese companies, Japanese norms are usually considered as higher than
those applicable in overseas markets.
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In Buildtech, with the enactment of the Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings, filter
performance levels have evolved as environmental standards for designated buildings and
cleanliness level requirements in industrial space have become more stringent. Due to this
air-conditioning equipment that provides good efficiency with demand for greater economic
performance has become indispensable.
In Mobiltech, Teijin has obtained the ISO/TS 16949 accreditation for the Teijin Composites
Innovation Centre. Notably, ISO/TS 16949 was designed by the International Automotive
Task Force (IATF), a body comprising 9 European and American automakers and 5
automotive industrial organisations from the USA, Germany, France, Italy and UK. It defines
quality management requirements for firms providing services for automotive products.
In filtration, tests should be passed by Japan Air Cleaning Association (JACA) - an
organisation that lays down norms for air purification filter media.
For testing of textiles and other applications, KAKEN Test Centre is used. Kaken is a reputed
third party testing organisation for procurement by government agencies and commercial
transactions. It has affiliates in ASEAN and Asia with its own branches in Indonesia, China
and Vietnam.
There is a hidden disadvantage faced by overseas suppliers. However, there is a scope for
improvement by recognising common standards in testing of materials used by reputed
overseas labs in Europe and in the USA. This can be achieved by collaboration between
JSA and certified labs in other countries.
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D.4.5. Industry initiatives

D.4.5.1. INDA & EDANA initiatives
I. Education about norms
The INDA and EDANA initiative called Nonwovens Standard Procedures represents a very
interesting example of joint efforts by industry bodies to harmonize and educate companies
about US and EU norms and standards.
The objectives of the publication include the following:
 Provide a support in technically defining nonwoven products with specifiers for

properties, composition and specifications
 Detail 95 individual test procedures and guidance documents
 Offer harmonized industry language across the USA and Europe
 Empower the nonwovens industry to communicate within the global supply chain
 Ensure product properties can be consistently described, produced and tested
In particular, the guide overviews the following properties for nonwovens and related
standard test methods linked with specific normative references:
 Absorption
 Abrasion resistance
 Bursting strength
 Electrostatic properties
 Optical properties
 Permeability
 Repellence
 Stiffness
 Tear strength
 Tensile
 Thickness
 Weight
 Binder / Appearance / Dry cleaning
 Linting
 Superabsorbent materials
 Bacterial
 Formaldehyde
 Absorbent hygiene products
II. Harmonized (US / EU) norms
Back in 2004, INDA and EDANA decided to join forces in order to commonly establish
understanding keys regarding flushability of nonwovens, such as wipes. Dedicated task
forces including technical experts from both organisations’ members, academia, consultancy
and wastewater industry were formed to jointly identify a flushability definition, technical
assessment and test methods.
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Outputs of those task forces consisted in a guidance document (several times updated since
the initial 2008 edition) to help wipe manufacturers assess whether their products could be
flushed into the wastewater stream.
The ultimate goal of this initiative is obviously to reduce the amount of non-flushable material
in the wastewater stream. A specific Code of Practice and a label “Do Not Flush” have been
introduced for companies to use on product packaging to educate consumers on the proper
disposal route for products.
Adopting this approach for other products and segments in Technical Textiles could be very
useful for the industry.
D.4.5.2. Standardization portal for composites

Composites Germany is a trade association gathering the four strong organizations in the
German fibre composite industry, namely AVK (Federation of Reinforced Plastics), Carbon
Composites e.V., CFK Valley e.V. and VDMA Working Group Hybrid Lightweight
Technologies. Composites Germany intervenes in the field of research, determines common
positions and takes overlapping interests into account.
Standardization has also become a critical topic for Composites Germany. Thus the German
standards organization DIN has been commissioned by Composites Germany to create a
standardization portal (www.din.de) which provides information on national, European and
international standards for fibre reinforced plastics that have been published or are under
development.
This new and unique tool is a good example of an information-driven portal aiming at helping
the industry to navigate into a complex and evolving international norming environment.
D.4.5.3. Prohibitive costs of getting products tested and certified

in foreign countries
European interviewed Technical Textiles companies have insisted on the prohibitive costs
linked to testing and certifying procedures in foreign countries especially in the USA and in
Japan. Costs usually range from 5 K USD to 100 K USD and sometimes higher.
Moreover, those procedures could be extremely long, i.e. more than 6 months without any
guarantee of success.
The high costs to get products certified in foreign countries discourage many European
Technical Textiles SMEs to engage in an aggressive export strategy.
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Overview on the Regulatory and Customs-related TT Framework

Cost Analysis and Segmentation
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D.5. Cost analysis and segmentation

D.5.1. Theoretical model
Price is still a very important compass for textile-related product buying decisions. There is
indeed a constant quest from buyers for cost competitive products and streamlined supply
chains. Technical textiles are no exception to this golden rule even if other criteria are also
part of the decision process.
This situation leads to the following question:

How can European Technical Textiles producers compete in export markets taking into
consideration their relative cost disadvantage compared to other regions?
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D.5.2. Factor costs

Taking into consideration two important factor costs, i.e. electricity and wages, Europe does
not enjoy any specific advantage vis-à-vis the four studied countries, i.e. the USA, Brazil,
Korea and Japan.
Concerning electricity, Figure 63 illustrates the contrasting situation in Europe with an
important delta existing among European countries with a relatively cost competitive
electricity price versus high-price countries. The European average is significantly higher
than the electricity price in the USA and Korea, moderately higher compared to Brazil and at
par with Japan.
Figure 39: Electricity prices for medium size industries per country (2014)
Electricity prices for medium size industries per country (2014)
1)
Source: Eurostat , US Energy Information Administration, Tsudakoma
1) Eurostat definition: ‘Average national price in € / kwh without taxes
applicable for the first semester of each year for medium sized industrial consumers’
Concerning labour costs and as illustrated in figure 66, the European situation is more or
less equivalent to the one described for electricity concerning the average hourly
compensation costs in manufacturing which is above the level of the four studied countries.
However it is important to notice that several Eastern European countries (e.g. Poland,
Hungary, Estonia, etc.) and Portugal or even Greece still operate with relatively competitive
labour cost and significantly below the levels observed in Korea, Japan and the USA.
Hourly labour costs comparison offers a contrasting situation due to the important delta
existing in Europe.
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Figure 40: Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing
Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing
Note:
Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labour-related taxes.
Except for Argentina, Japan, Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, data relate to manufacturing as defined by
the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,

International Labor Comparisons, August 2013
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D.5.3. Segmentation
The important diversity of Technical Textiles products does not allow establishing any
common rules regarding the level of cost competitiveness. However two factor costs emerge
as critical differentiation parameters to identify which categories of product have –
theoretically – the best chance of success in overseas exports. Those parameters consist of
(i) sensitivity to transport costs namely the value of exported goods per container which is a
fixed cost and (ii) the level of labour intensity.
The following matrix exhibits in figure 65 segments Technical Textile products in four
categories namely:
Category 1: Products combining a high labour intensity and a relatively low transport cost
sensitivity; typically, FIBCs belong to this category
Category 2: Products combining a relatively low labour intensity with a low transport
sensitivity, i.e. nonwovens
Category 3: Products combining a high level of transport sensitivity and a low labour
intensity, typically PVC coated fabrics as an example
Category 4: Products combining both a high transport cost sensitivity and a high labour
intensity like ballistic vests containing para-aramid fibers
Figure 41: 4 TechTex products
Favourable
High Eastern Europe

Portugal
FIBC Ballistic vest
Polypropylene Para-Aramid
Labour intensity Cat 1 Cat 4

(% of cost)
PVC coated
Nonwoven fabric
Polyester
Moderate Cat 2 Cat 3
Low
Euro / Container
(transport cost sensitivity) Hig
h
Not favourable
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Theoretically, products belonging to categories #1 and #2 should not be favourable for

European exporters compared with products belonging to the two other categories, i.e. #3
and #4. Categories #1 and #2 are indeed either highly sensitive to labour costs (thus Asian
competition) or to transport costs.
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D.5.4. Model limitation

The model described in the previous section is a tentative to segment European Technical
Textiles products to highlight which categories are theoretically better positioned in export
markets.
European trade statistics seem to partially corroborate the validity of the described model
especially for categories #1, #3 and #4 leading to the following conclusions listed below:
 Low value per kg / labour intensive / or transport cost sensitive TechTex products are
difficult to export outside of the European perimeter (e.g.: FIBC-Big bags or any other
product considered as a commodity and easily sourced from Asia)
 Higher value per kg products / differentiated specialties / or products with a relatively low
labour content have a good chance to be globalised in terms of sales (see success of EU
PVC coaters like Ferrari (F), Sioen (B), Heytex (D) or Verseidag (D) on the world market)
 Product differentiation (sophisticated and labour-intensive finished products like ballistic
vests containing para-aramid) overrules cost aspects and allows for worldwide shipment
of EU TechTex products
However, the model seems to contradict the success of European nonwoven exporters
especially to the USA but not only.
Nonwovens are indeed a strong European success story in important export markets despite
their position in the matrix. Thus other factors explain European export victories and those
are specific to the Technical Textiles sector. The following section reviews rationales
explaining why European Technical Textiles manufacturers are able to export despite
sometimes unfavourable cost factors.
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D.5.5. Other factors

By nature, Technical Textiles products respond to specific performance and functional
criteria imposed by clients either through the compliance of defined norms and standards
and / or technical specifications.
Based on interviews and market knowledge, 6 non-cost related drivers have been identified
by Gherzi to explain European existing and future success in TechTex products exports
irrespective of costs, high tariff and non-tariff barriers.
These non-cost success factors are listed below:
Driver 1: Product nomination (such as nomination of fabrics or nonwovens by automotive
OEMs = vehicle producers)
Product nomination is a common practice in many industrial sectors aiming at pre-defining
and imposing beforehand product specifications in terms of cost, availability, quality,
performance and sustainability. The automotive industry has been a past master at
developing product nomination among Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers and European
TechTex producers benefits from their proximity to large car manufacturers. This proximity
allows them to co-develop specific products which are ultimately imposed to the entire supply
chain. This product nomination process could explain the presence of European TechTex
products in different export markets despite alternative sourcing options either local or
offshore.
Driver 2: Operational excellence and differentiation through technology
I. Operational performance and competitiveness through state-of-the-art manufactu-ring
technology
Investments in state-of-the-art technologies and equipment have been the backbone of the
European success in Technical Textiles. Excluded from most of the TechTex commodities’
export markets to the benefits of Asian suppliers offering cost competitive prices, the lifeline
for many European TechTex manufacturers has consisted in strengthening operational
excellence and industrial performance through an aggressive investment-intensive strategy
aiming at maintaining an innovative competitive edge over other countries and regions. In
many markets, this capacity to remain top-notch reliable manufacturers with international
reputation could largely offset the cost disadvantage associated with European producers.
TechTex products users may indeed prefer to opt for consistency in quality and timely
delivery rather than lower prices.
II. Fabric specifications (e.g. special width) only available with few suppliers
Many European TechTex manufacturers have become pure niche players in market
segments where only very few companies still operate on a global scale. This situation
mechanically restricts the sourcing options for certain customers. An example could be seen
in extra wide coated fabrics (up to 5m) on machines not available, e.g., in the USA.
Driver 3: Product differentiation and R&D
I. Product differentiation by quality and design
The intricate relationships existing among European academia, research centres, textile
machine OEMS and TechTex producers organised in several leading clusters offering a
unique combination difficult to find elsewhere in the world. These powerful and innovative
networks of expertise lead to the reinforcement of excellent manufacturers capable to
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develop innovative products and new solutions. This is part of the explanation regarding the
high reputation of European TechTex products in export markets. Even in so-called difficult
countries like Korea and Japan, European TechTex manufacturers are usually viewed as
“new idea providers” for TechTex applications.
II. R&D driven innovation not available from a local (US, Brazil, Korea, Japan) producer
Technical textiles are a world of specialists. Some European TechTex manufacturers are
able to maintain and protect their innovative edge through constant R&D efforts. These R&D
investments are also possible thanks to the existence of specific incentive packages
implemented by European countries. In that respect each European country has its own
policy aiming at supporting R&D among industrial SMEs either through specific schemes or
fiscal incentives.
Driver 4: Non-availability of the functionality (product to fulfil a specific function) or raw
materials from a local (US, Brazil, Korea, Japan) producer
Following the example of driver 3, some European TechTex manufacturers have been able
to establish a unique and strong market position through the development of specific
functionalities for a given product. If no local supply is possible for those functionalities, it
becomes an opportunity for the European manufacturer of such product.
ETFE coated glass fabrics for stadium roofs or airports could be cited as an example.
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Cost Analysis and Segmentation

Markets and Opportunities in the 4 Countries
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D.6. Markets and opportunities in the 4 countries

D.6.1. USA
D.6.1.1. Key data USA
Figure 42: Key Data USA (2014)
Population 319 Mn
TT consumption / capita 76 USD / a
TechTex consumption (roll good and threads) 24.1 Bn USD
TechTex imports 12.2 Bn USD
% import share 51%
TechTex imports from EU 2.28 Bn USD
EU share of TechTex imports 19%
Outside of the EU (TechTex consumption 2014: 27.1 Bn USD) the USA (TechTex
consumption 2014: 24.1 Bn USD) is the largest single TechTex market worldwide.
With 2.3 Bn USD EU TechTex export volume the USA is also the largest single non EU
export market for European TT producers.
On top would need to be considered shipments to the two other Nafta countries, namely
Mexico and Canada, where the purchasing decision is often made in the USA (such as for
TT products being used in the ~ 6 Mn vehicles produced in these two countries).
Casting a judgement on the 2.3 Bn USD 2014 EU TT exports to the USA, it also needs to be
considered that in many instances EU TechTex producers have established manufacturing
locations in the USA, replacing materials hitherto imported from the EU.
Apart from its sheer size, the US market is also attractive because of its growth of 5-6% p.a.
in the forecast ‘till 2020 (thereby adding 9 Bn USD additional demand for Technical Textiles
between 2014 and 2020). This growth is fuelled especially by the growth of the Buildtech,
Indutech and Mobiltech sector, a.o. through the impact of new legislation e.g. in filtration or
miles per gallon vehicle fuel efficiency.
It needs to be remembered, though, that the USA – partially in parallel or ahead of Europe –
has been the inventor of many technologies used in Technical Textiles today, starting from
high tech fibres (such as Aramids or UHMW-PE), over nonwovens (like spunbond NW) to
defence and aerospace related composites and composite reinforcement (such as
aerospace prepregs or honeycomb) materials.
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Final Report
October 2016
Furthermore, the USA ‘excels’ in erecting non-tariff trade barriers (Gherzi view) via standards
and norms little coordinated or directed from a central US American body (except for security
forces, where the ‘Berry Amendment’ and the ‘Buy American Act’ close out all foreign non-
US suppliers and to a certain extent nonwovens, where the INDA industry organisation
enjoys some success in harmonizing US-wide norms).
Despite these hurdles, EU producers so far have been doing well on the US American
market outgrowing the market (+8% EU producer CAGR 2010-2014 vs. ~ 5% US TT market
CAGR 2010-2014) and thus increasing their market share. However, the main source for EU
producer success on the US American market was founded on nonwovens and fabric type
TechTex exports, while growing EU twine / cord / cable component exports could not entirely
compensate for the loss of export volumes in medical sutures in the ‘yarn type’ TechTex
category.
In terms of US import competition – thus not considering competition from local US
producers – the key players competing with EU producers in the higher end of the market
(not considering China) come from the two other Nafta countries Canada and Mexico.
Thus, EU producers clearly outperform (in terms of TechTex sales to the USA) Japan as the
other key high end competitor on global TechTex markets.
D.6.1.3. Fibre production

The USA has a significant indigenous fibre production (except PAC and specialty viscose
fibres) suitable as raw material for Technical Textiles.
Figure 43: USA Fibre Production 2014
Fibre Production 2014
World kt 2014 USA kt 2014 % share USA

in world production
PET filament 28,297 179 1%
PET industrial yarn 1,908 101 5%
PET staple fibre 43,269 936 2%
PA filament 2,626 30 1%
PA industrial yarn 1,085 75 7%
PA staple fibre 155 33 21%
PAC staple fibre 1,704 --- ---
Cellulosic staple fibre 5,127 311 6%
Cotton 26,110 3,553 14%
Source: Gherzi research and fibre market model
A strong US government funding of especially defence related textile R&D is also impacting
on the local fibre innovation for Technical Textiles (e.g. low cost carbon fibre as composite
reinforcement material as a current R&D target).
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 44: USA specialty TechTex fibres production
US specialty TechTex fibres production

Meta Aramide Yes
Para Aramide Yes
Carbon fibre Yes
Glass filament / rovings Yes
PLA fibres Yes
PPS fibres Yes
Biodegradable polymers for sutures Yes
Source: Gherzi research
D.6.1.4. TechTex market USA

In 2014 the US TechTex consumption was 24.1 Bn USD1). Hometech, Indutech and
Mobiltech are the largest segments, together representing 47% of the US TechTex market.
Figure 45: US TechTex consumption 2014
2)
1)
Yarn type, fabric type (roll good), Nonwovens (roll good)
2)
The Mobiltech market estimate is based on a 2014 US vehicle pro-
duction of 11.66 Mn units (source: Oica). Total Nafta production Source: Gherzi market model
of vehicles, however, was 17.4 Mn units, for most of which the TT
purchasing decisions are made in the USA
(source: Gherzi interview quotes)
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Final Report
October 2016
The US TechTex market is expected to continue to grow at a rate of about 5-6% p.a. Thus –
between 2014 and 2020 – about 9 Bn USD demand is expected to come on top of 2014 US
TechTex consumption.
Figure 46: US TechTex market growth
1)
US TechTex market growth
2020
2014
2010
+ 5.4%
p.a. 33.1
Bn USD
+ 4.9%
24.1
19.9 p.a.
Bn USD
Bn USD
4.0 MMT 4.7 MMT 6.3 MMT
1)
Yarn type, fabric type, Nonwovens
Source: Gherzi analysis, EDANA growth forecast,

Gherzi regional demand model,
Gherzi field interviews and estimates
By application the highest growth (2014-2020) in Bn USD is expected in:
 Indutech: + 3.2 Bn USD
 Mobiltech: + 2.4 Bn USD
 Hometech: + 0.8 Bn USD

Source: Gherzi field interviews
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 47: US TechTex market assumed development 2014-2020 by application
Bn USD add. demand

Bn USD 2014 CAGR 2014/20 Bn USD 2020
2020 vs 2014
Agrotech 1.07 3% 1.27 0.20
Buildtech 1.65 10% 2.92 1.27
Clothtech 0.56 0% 0.56 0.00
Geotech 0.48 5% 0.64 0.16
Hometech 3.94 3% 4.70 0.76
Indutech 4.11 10% 7.28 3.17
Medtech 1.83 3% 2.18 0.35
Hygiene 2.25 0% 2.25 0.00
Mobiltech 3.16 10% 5.60 2.44
Packtech 2.84 0% 2.84 0.00
Protech 1.36 5% 1.82 0.46
Sporttech 0.84 3% 1.00 0.16
Total Bn USD 24.1 5% 33.1 9.0
Source: Gherzi USA market model, CAGR 2014/2020 based on USA market interviews
It needs to be noted in this context that interviewed US parties saw 8% 2014/20 CAGR in
NW and 3-4% in ‘non-NW’ Technical Textiles.
D.6.1.5. Supply scenario USA

Out of the total 2014 US TechTex market of 24.1 Bn USD about 50% is imported.
Figure 48: US TechTex market and supply scenario 2014
US 2014 market and supply scenario
kt Bn USD
Import
Import Production Export + 12.2
Production Export + 1.832 - 10.2 Bn USD
-1.295 + 22.1 Bn USD
4.173
Bn USD
Market Market
4,710 kt 24.1 Bn USD
Source: Gherzi market model, UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis, research and estimates
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Final Report
October 2016
The relatively small export share in US TechTex production (42% compared to, e.g., South
Korea with 65% TT export share) is probably ‘usual’ for producers in a large home market
like the USA, which is large enough to reach a minimum economical scale without venturing
abroad.
Total US textile imports (for TechTex and for traditional textiles) have been growing at a rate
of 4% p.a. ‘till 2014.
43% of all textiles imported into the USA in 2014 were TechTex products.
Figure 49: USA Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products)
USA Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products)
2010 2014 2014

28.3 Bn USD
+ 4% 28.3 43%
p.a. 57%
Bn USD
23.9
Bn USD
Technical Textiles
All other textiles
Source: WTO, UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis
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Final Report
October 2016
As mentioned before, about 50% of US TechTex demand is imported. The import share is
above 60% in yarn type and fabric type Technical Textiles and below 40% in (transport cost
sensitive) nonwovens.
Figure 50: US TechTex market scenario 2014
US TechTex market scenario 2014

2014
US Market size Of which

Bn USD 24.1 Imports Local production Bn USD imports Bn USD
61% 39% Yarn
type
64% 36%
1)
1.98 1.21
Fabric
type
1)
11.76 7.49
34% 66%
Nonwoven
10.34 3.50
Bn USD total 24.1 12.2
Nota bene: 2014 Scenario in kt
kt US market kt import
Yarn type 450 160
Fabric type 2400 1040
Nonwoven 1870 620
TechTex Total 4710 1830
1)
Include 20% ‘dual use’ import products
Source: Gherzi world and regional market model, UN Comtrade, Gherzi estimates
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Final Report
October 2016
Nonwoven imports into the USA have more than doubled in value between 2010 and 2014.
European producers have shown strong growth, but – nevertheless – lost % import share
(going down from 21% in 2010 to 15% in 2014). The main EU import product is Nonwoven
roll good.
Figure 51: US Nonwoven imports 2014
2014 US Nonwoven imports
2010 2014
3.48 Bn USD
EU Nonwoven
US imports
Key Products
Bn USD %
Nonwovens 0.38 72
85% (roll good)
1.56 Bn USD
Other (sanitary 0.15 28
+ 22% pads, tampons,
p.a. felts, waddings,
…)
All
other 79% Total EU 0.53 Bn USD 100%
EU 21% 15%
EU import
share 0.32 0.53
(Bn USD):
+ 13% p.a.
57.8 73.5
N.b.: EU kt
+ 6% p.a.
Source: UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis
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Final Report
October 2016
Fabric type TechTex imports into the USA have grown by 30% between 2010 and 2014.
European producers have shown strong growth and gained % import share (from 17% in
2010 to 19% in 2014). Main EU import products are medical bandages, coated fabrics and
specialty fabrics such as for filtration.
Figure 52: US Fabric type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 US Fabric type TechTex imports
2010 2014 EU Fabric type US

imports
Key Products
7.49 Bn USD
Bn USD %
5.78 Bn USD Medical 0.44 32

bandages
Coated fabrics 0.15 11

81%
+ 7% Specialty 0.13 9
All other p.a. fabrics
2)
83%
All other 0.67 48
Total EU 1.40 Bn USD 100

%
19%
17%
EU
EU import 0.98 1.40 1)

share Include 20% ‘dual use’ products not
(Bn USD): covered by TechTex specific Com-
+ 9% p.a. trade code
64.4 80.8 2)
N.b.: EU kt Such as filament wovens for filtration
+ 6% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Yarn type TechTex imports into the USA have grown by 22% between 2010 and 2014.
European producer exports have stagnated thus losing % import share. Main EU import
products are medical sutures and twines & ropes.
Figure 53: US Yarn type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 US Yarn type TechTex imports
2010 2014 EU Yarn type US

imports
Key Products
Bn USD %
1.21 Bn USD
Medical 0.13 33
sutures
0.99 Bn USD Twines, 0.10 26
cords,
+ 5% 68% ropes,
p.a. cables
All other
58% All other 0.16 41
Total EU 0.39 Bn USD 100%
EU 42% 32%
EU import 0.39
0.42
share
(Bn USD):
- 2 p.a.
1)
13.6 22.7 include 20% ‘dual use‘ products,
N.b.: EU kt not covered by TechTex specific
UN Comtrade code
+ 14% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Industrial yarn imports (raw material for Technical Textiles) into the USA have grown by 16%
between 2010 and 2014. European producer exports of industrial yarns have gone down in
value, thus losing % import share. Main EU import product is Para Aramid filament (which is
also produced in the USA by DuPont) coming very likely from the EU production site of
Japanese producer ‘Teijin’.
Figure 54: US Industrial yarn * imports 2014
2014 US Industrial yarn imports (TechTex raw material)
2010 2014 EU Industrial Yarn

type US imports
Key Products
0.58 Bn USD Bn USD %
0.50 Bn USD
Aramid 0.06 76
filament
+ 4% 82%
p.a. All other 0.01 24
All other
77%
EU 23% 12%
EU import share
0.12 0.07
(Bn USD):
- 11% p.a.
1.2 3.1
N.b.: EU kt
+ 27% p.a.
* essentially High Tenacity filaments (such as Polyester) and Aramids
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Final Report
October 2016
EU exports of made-ups to the USA have increased by 70% between 2010 and 2014, thus
gaining import share. The product range in exports by EU producers is fragmented.
Figure 55: US TechTex made-ups imports 2014
2014 US TechTex made-ups imports
2010 2014
EU Industrial Yarn
type US imports
8.18 Bn USD
Key Products
7.02 Bn USD
Bn USD %
Tarpaulins 0.04 14
Nonwoven 0.03 9
garments
+ 4% 96%
p.a. Institutional & 0.02 6
Occup.
All other
97% Garments
All other 0.23 71
EU
3% 4%
EU import
share 0.19 0.32
(Bn USD):
+ 14% p.a.
7.9 11.9
N.b.: EU kt
+ 12% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Conclusions from the USA TT market and trade analysis (see also Appendix (§ 4):
The USA constitutes a very large import market with a strong import market share of EU
suppliers (19%) and strongly growing import volumes from the EU in two of the three TT
categories, namely …
 Fabric type Technical Textiles (9% CAGR 2010/2014)
 Nonwovens (13% CAGR 2010/2014).
Due to decreasing suture sales on the US market, the EU yarn type export growth has
shown negative performance (-2% CAGR 2010/2014)
Figure 56: USA: EU import position in Technical Textiles
USA: EU IMPORT POSITION IN TECHNICAL TEXTILES 2014
% import % EU CAGR (EU

CON- IMPORTS IMPORTS
(in Mn USD) over con- import Imports)
SUMPTION Total FROM EU
sumption share vs. 2013 vs. 2010
Yarn Type 1,984 1,210 61% 390 32% + 29% - 2%
Fabric Type 11,763 7,494 64% 1,398 19% + 8% + 9%
Nonwoven 10,344 3,500 34% 525 15% + 18% + 13%
Total 24,091 12,204 51% 2,313 19% + 15% + 8%
Looking only at 2013/2014 EU TT sales growth into the USA though:
 Yarn type TT exports to the USA have shown positive growth and thus gained ground
 Fabric type growth has continued more or less on the level of historic 8-9% CAGR levels
 Nonwoven growth rates have again increased to 18% CAGR levels
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.6. USA Key trends

D.6.1.6.1. Quantitative US export performance of the EU in
shortlisted products
Figure 57: The short list of products - USA
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Final Report
October 2016
The short list of products – USA (cont’d)
Figure 58: The short list of products – USA (con t’d)
D.6.1.6.2. Conclusions from shortlisted product analysis

(A) Yarn type Technical Textiles (for details see Appendix 4)
Historically, yarn type TT exports to the USA were one of the strengths of the EU
industry – mainly driven by the success of EU produced medical sutures. While
overall US yarn TT imports (from EU and non-EU countries) continued to grow,
EU suture exports to the USA stabilized – in 2014 – on a much lower level
(131 Mn USD) compared to 2010 (225 Mn USD).
Nevertheless, in terms of % share in US imports, EU made medical sutures are
still one of the top performers in the EU’s TT basket. It needs to be noted in this
context that the USA is not only home to the world market leader in medical
sutures (Ethicon Inc. with an estimated world market share beyond 50%) but also
has a larger number of smaller suture producers like Medtronic Inc., Demetech
Corp., Conmed Corp., W.L. Gore & Associates, Boston Scientific, etc.).
Another EU yarn type product with strong export performance to the USA is
twines, ropes and cable components showing good historic US export growth
(from 27 Mn USD in 2010 to 84 Mn USD in 2014) and an above average share of
US yarn type TT imports in 2014 (31% of all twines, ropes and cable components
imported into the USA come from Europe).
(B) Fabric type Technical Textiles (for details see Appendix 4)

Overall, the EU export performance in fabric type products for the US market was
strong with 9% CAGR between 2010 and 2014.
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Final Report
October 2016
Two main products with above average performance have contributed to this positive trend:
- Medical bandages (10% CAGR (2010/2014)
- Coated fabrics (16% CAGR 2010/2014).
 Together – for these two products – EU exports to the USA have increased by
200 Mn USD (from 390 Mn USD in 2010 to 590 Mn USD in 2014).
However, coated fabrics remain – in terms of EU % share of corresponding US

imports – still below average (similar to synthetic filament based fabrics), thus
further growth is required to ‘catch up’ with the Top EU performers on the US
market
(C) Nonwovens (for details see Appendix 4)

EU nonwoven exports to the USA can be considered a success with 13% CAGR
2010/2014 and spunlace and needlefelt shares in corresponding US imports of 30%.
Chiefly due to huge US imports of Hygiene NW products (women’s hygiene,
mainly), in which the EU participates only to 5%, the overall EU share in US NW
imports (15% in 2014) remains below the share achieved in fabric type TT products
(19% in 2014) and yarn type TT products (30% in 2014).
D.6.1.7. Field work insight USA

D.6.1.7.1. Key trade and market related trends
Gherzi has interviewed in the course of the EU TechTex mission 11 TT producers /
customers and 3 associations / trade organisations in the USA itself and collected the views
of 17 EU TT producers and 4 EU associations / trade organisations (other than the project
steering committee members Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) on the US TT market.
All of the EU TT producer companies interviewed by Gherzi had experience in dealing with
the US market, as this is generally the prio 1 non-EU export market for EU TT producers.
High entry barriers into the US market were mentioned by all interviewed parties in the EU,
such as in the form of …
- A vast basket of standards and norms to be respected, often differing by state (the
USA has 50 states) or even county (county or city fire marshals – to give an example –
can set their own norms)
- High certification costs (up to 100 K USD per test) in a limited number of
accredited, chiefly US based laboratories
- Rules and regulations enforcing local production (Berry Amendment for defence or Buy
American Act for other public tenders) spilling over into so far non-regulated areas (like
industrial Protech)
- Duties and levies on TT imports from the EU (often beyond 10%)
- Ever shortening ‘time to market’ demands by US customers, requiring a local
logistical infrastructure (or production) in the USA.
Despite these hurdles almost all interviewed EU TT producers see good market opportunities
in the USA due to the recognized level of innovation and quality of EU made TT products
meeting a large market and customer base open for new products and innovations.
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Final Report
October 2016
From the side of the interviewed US TT companies, associations and organisations the
strength of EU TT producers was seen in …
- High level of quality and innovation
- Technology leaders in many TT products (as well as in machines required to produce
the same).
However, in parallel, such strengths are associated with key weaknesses …
- Unwillingness to supply commodities
- Long time to market (up to 10 weeks by ship), as most EU producers have no
logistical structure (warehouse) or production in the USA
- Inflexibility in pricing
- Sometime little understanding of US standards and norms and
- Non-US origin for publically tendered products.
Nevertheless, the numbers show that – if higher end TT products are imported – and thus
not sourced from Nafta regions – the preferred source is Europe (well ahead of Japan or
Korea).
Often EU producers are thus highly welcome in the USA, because they come with new
product ideas or new technologies, a weakness which is associated by inter-viewed parties
with local US American producers, who are often focusing on the US American or Nafta
home market only.
Also, there are a number of TT product segments (like paper machines clothing) with a
limited number of US producers, whereby US customers welcome foreign suppliers.
The advantages of setting up a production in the USA were stressed again and again in the
course of the Gherzi US field interviews.
Indeed, a number of EU TT companies have established US operations in the past (most
recent examples include German nonwoven producers Polyvlies GmbH and Sandler GmbH).
Nevertheless, EU TT exports to the USA – a 2.3 Bn USD business in 2014 – have been
growing at 8% CAGR between 2010 and 2014 and are expected to continue to grow in the
future.
D.6.1.7.2. US market attractiveness

In general there was a positive appreciation by interviewed parties about US market growth
perspectives ‘till 2020.
Most parties could underwrite the Gherzi 5% 2014/20 CAGR estimate which translates into
1.5 Bn USD US TT demand being added every year (‘till 2020) – Quote: “The US economy is
good and people are spending.”
There were also a large number of segments which were expected to show above average
growth in demand:
i. Nonwovens in general with 8% 2014-2020 CAGR estimate (+ 1 Bn USD demand
p.a. ‘till 2020)
- Mobiltech (growth of vehicle production, lighter cars)
- Filtration (legislation and increasing quality control of products)
- Geotech (wovens substitution)
- Medtech (wipes, gowns & drapes)
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Final Report
October 2016
- Digital print fabrics (replacing wovens)

- Impact of new NW technologies like split fibre spunmelt (Freudenberg
split-fibre-NW ‘Evolon’ example was cited) or spunmelt production with film
lamination in one step (Reifenhäuser technology was cited)
ii. Mobiltech opportunities driven by the government’s 50-52.5 mpg (~ 5.5l / 100km) year
2025 target
- The program launched by the Obama administration in 2012 is now well into
the implementation phase as the final deadline has been set for 2025
• 1st phase 2012 – 2016: light duty cars
• 2nd phase 2017 – 2025: all vehicles
- special opportunities deriving from this initiative were seen by interviewed
parties in TT components and materials allowing to reduce vehicle weight,
e.g.:
• lower weight automotive acoustics (e.g. replacing plastics)
• FRP reinforcements, prepregs or moulded composite parts (including
reinforced by CF
iii. Filtration (Indutech)

- New legislation and increasing QC requirements at user level driving growth
- Favouring wovens (such as for liquid filtration) as well as nonwovens (e.g.
dust, odour and air filtration)
iv. Buildtech
- Housing boom favours growth of, e.g.:
• sun shading and awnings
• architectural structures
• roofing membranes
- Temporary buildings and tents (meeting new ‘strong winds proof’ standards
and norms)
v. Protech and functional clothing

- Expected high penetration of smart clothing due not only but also to US
government funding of corresponding (military oriented) R&D and in the
Medtech sector
vi. High growth in composite demand (and corresponding reinforcements) not only
in the Mobiltech segment, but also in
• wind energy
• marine
• aerospace
• carbon fibre consumer products (crossbows, skies, snowboards,
hockey sticks)
• composite rebars (replacing steel) for bridges and highways
vii. Digital print fabrics (woven, warp knit and nonwoven)
viii. Geotech in general (woven, nonwoven, grids)
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.7.3. Key success factors to profit from market

opportunities
With 19% import share (2014), EU TT suppliers are already a major force to reckon with in
the US TT market
- A high barrier for European SMEs is the standard and norm issue, as there is
an intransparent ‘jungle of norms’ in the USA with
• national (US American) norms like ASTM, USDA or FDA certificates
• state norms (e.g. SEAOC) or county (like fire marshal) norms (e.g.
Indus Association norms (such as American Bakery Association)
• private organisation norms, like from the insurance company Factory
Mutual (FM) for, e.g., roofing membranes
On top come government acts excluding non-US producers from certain
tenders like the Berry Amendment for US security forces or the Buy American Act
for public tenders. Also, even if ISO norms exist (where the USA has been
supporting the norming process), they are often not accepted in the USA in
favour of local norms (e.g. industrial PPE and workwear).
The sheer number of standards and norms to be respected in the USA together
with the costs per test between 5 K USD and 100 K USD (example roofing
membranes) and a limited number of accredited (chiefly US American)
laboratories represents a high barrier not only but especially for EU SMEs.
Overcoming this initial barrier is thus the first KSF (‘Key Success Factor’) which is
today often realized in close collaboration between an EU producer and his
interested US customer.
- Shortening the time to market is another key success factor for the US
market. This can be realized (for TT exports from Europe) by establishing a
local US logistical presence, be it 100% EU producer owned or through a tie-
up with a local distributor (like Composite One, a 900 Mn USD distributor in
composite materials with 40 warehouses all over the USA). Often this
logistical presence needs to be set up – due to the size of the market – at
least on the east as well as on the west coast of the States.
- Catering to the large number of above average growth segments mentioned
before would be the next KSF in Gherzi’s view - in summary chiefly to the …
• Buildtech
• Filtration
• Mobiltech
• Geotech
• Smart textiles for non-Protech (like Medtech)
… markets.
This is excluding Protech blocked by import prohibiting trade barriers.
Once the export volume to the USA becomes large enough a local production might
be a good answer to many of the challenges described before. However, before
reaching this point, exports out of an EU TT production site is a feasible and
successful route into the US market.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.8. USA: SWOT
Figure 59: USA SWOT for EU TT producers
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
• Above average 2014 EU % import • On par 2014 EU % import
share in yarn type (30%) and share in fabric type Technical
Technical Textiles Textiles (19%) and below
• Above average 2014 EU import average import share in
share by product: industrial yarns (13%) and
 Medical sutures (38%) TechTex made-ups (4%)
 Twines, cords and ropes (31%) • On par or below average 2014
 Medical bandages (47%) EU import share by product:
 Spunbond / Spunlace /  Coated fabrics (16%)
Needlefelt nonwovens (31%)  Specialty filament fabrics
• Well recognized TT import supplier (16%)
(No. 1 in high end products ahead  Curtains & blinds (1%)
of Japan)  Narrow wovens (8%)
• Quality and innovator image, well  Tire cord (2%)
recognized source for new product  Sanitary towels a. napkins
ideas and technologies (5%)
• Time to market too long, if not
shortened by local logistical
infrastructure in the USA
• Often unwillingness of EU
producers to supply TT
commodities
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• Large TechTex market of 24 Bn • Most US TechTex segments
USD (2014) growing to 33 Bn USD carry import duty when
by 2020 supplied by EU producers
• TechTex imports (12 Bn USD in • S. Korea and (in the future)
2014) represent 50% of the market Japan (TPP) have FTA with
with above market CAGR (10% vs the US (both are strong Tech-
4% between 2010 and 2014) Tex competitors of the EU)
• Large volumes of TechTex made- • Strong indigenous Nonwoven
up imports (8 Bn USD – not industry commanding 66% of
included in the above given the US market
TechTex figure) in 2014 • The world‘s No. 1 producer of
• Euro depreciation against the USD medical sutures is based in the
• Highly regulated market access US (cie. Ethicon)
(norms, litigation risk, …) could be • Nafta / Cafta / Berry
a threat as well as an opportunity, Amendment / Buy American
as it favours professional operators Act (Protech specific) work
at the expense of ‚garage shop‘ against EU exports into the US
type price aggressive competitors by favouring local production
• Significant number of above (’yarn or fibre forward rule‘)
average growth segments or • High norming barrier difficult to
technologies (like NW) overcome by EU SMEs
• General legislative trends (e.g. • If TPP (Trans Pacific Partner-
filtration or fuel efficiency in cars) in ship Agreement) is ratified,
favour of EU producer strengths Japan will enjoy duty-free
access to the US market
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.9. USA: Summary and key opportunities

D.6.1.9.1. Summary
The USA is the second largest TechTex market worldwide behind the EU.
The US TechTex market is expected to grow at 5% p.a., thus adding about 9 Bn USD
TechTex demand between 2014 and 2020, of which 6 Bn USD in nonwovens and 3 Bn USD
in non-NW TT products).
Roughly 50% of US TechTex demand is imported, corresponding to 12.2 Bn USD
TechTex import value in 2014.
EU producer performance on the US market is different by product family:
 Nonwovens: Despite 13% annual growth of EU exports to the USA between 2010 and
2014 (to 0.5 Bn USD in 2014) loss of % import share
 Fabric Type Technical Textiles: 9% annual growth of EU exports to the USA between
2010 and 2014 (to 1.4 Bn USD in 2014) and increase in % import share
 Yarn Type Technical Textiles: Slight decline of EU exports to the USA (on 0.4 Bn USD
2014 level) and drop in % import share
The highest % import share of EU producers regarding the USA is, however, still in
yarn type Technical Textiles:
Figure 60: EU import share 2014
% 2014 EU import share
Yarn type 32%
Fabric type 19%
Nonwovens 15%
(19% on average for all EU supplied TT products)

EU exports of industrial yarns (TT raw materials) and TechTex made-ups to the USA remain
relatively small in 2014
• Industrial yarn: 72 Mn USD
• Made-ups: 317 Mn USD
Industrial yarns meet a strong local fibre industry (e.g. in Para-Aramids) on top of the import
competition from China and Korea in High Tenacity PA or High Tenacity Polyester filament.
Made-up exports are also restricted by US governmental trade barriers like the Berry
Amendment or the Buy American Act discussed earlier in this report.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.9.2. Key opportunities

I. Expand in areas of strength
- Mobiltech
• In general (profiting from US vehicle industry growth
• weight saving products and TT based technologies (e.g. nonwovens
replacing plastics or composites (FRP) for structural car components)
responding to the 50-52.5 mpg year 2025 government’s target
- Medtech
• Nonwovens
• Next generation sutures
• Medical bandages
- Filtration (nonwoven)
- Geotech (not only, but especially nonwovens)
- Buildtech
• Temporary buildings
• Architectural membranes
• Digital print fabrics
• etc.
- Twines, cords and cable components
II. Address areas of weakness
- Coated fabrics (16% of import share)
- Specialty synthetic filament fabrics (16% imort share) such as for filtration
- Sun shading and awnings (<5% est. import share)
III. Recognize untouched opportunities
- Smart fabrics (non-Protech, such as for Medtech)
- Innovative new nonwoven technologies (split or bico fibres NW, isotropic
spunlace NW, new web-film spunmelt laminates, etc.)
- Composites (fabrics, prepregs, parts)
• Weight saving (auto, marine, …)
• Steel replacement (e.g. in infrastructure)
• Carbon fibre based (sports equipment, high performance vehicles)
- 162 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.1.10. USA: Conclusions
Opportunities and recommended actions (on EU producer level) for the US market can be
summarized as follows:
Figure 61: Gherzi strategic priority matrix USA
USA Opportunity Matrix
Suggested EU Producers’ Move

ESTABLISH EXPAND HOLD
- Smart textiles (e.g. Med- - Sophisticated nonwovens (all - Medical sutures
tech) applications, new product con- - Medical bandages
- 'New' nonwoven techno- cepts and technologies)
logies - Filter fabrics (NW)
- Composites and corres- - Medtech & Hygiene (NW,
High ponding reinforcements woven, braids)
- Sophisticated vehicle compo-
nents
- Geotech (especially non-
wovens)
USA
- Coated fabrics (incl. digital - Non-Filter / Non-sun-
Market
print substrates) shading filament fabrics
Attrac-
- Buildtech (temp. buildings, - Commodity nonwovens
tiveness
architectural membranes, - Twines / ropes / cable
Medium
sun shading, etc.) components
- Specialty filament fabrics
(e.g. for filtration)
- Industrial Protech
(fabrics and garments)
Low
Absent to weak Medium to weak Strong
Current EU Producer
market position in USA
- 163 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2. Brazil
D.6.2.1. Key data Brazil
Figure 62: Key Data Brazil (2014)
TT consumption / capita 20.8 USD / a (28% of USA)
TechTex imports from EU 0.22 Bn USD (2.28 Bn USD in USA)
Compared to the size of the population (200 Mn people) the Brazilian TechTex market is
relatively small (per capita only 28% of USA), corresponding more or less to the difference
USA – Brazil in per capita GDP (21 K USD / a in Brazil vs 76 K USD / a in the USA).
With 223 Mn USD related EU TT export volume, Brazil is also a relatively small market for
EU TechTex suppliers chiefly due to:
a) Only 27% of all Technical Textiles consumed in Brazil are imported (vs 51% in the USA)
b) Brazil tends to import cheap commodities from Asia (38% of Brazil TT imports 2014, not
considering S. Korea) or from duty-free Mercosur partners (13% of Brazil TT imports
2014) rather than high end products from expensive EU suppliers.
Nevertheless, in the higher end of the market EU producers (19% TT import share in 2014)
are coming close – in terms of TT exports to Brazil – to the combined USA / Mexico position
(together 22% 2014 TT import share into Brazil).
The Brazilian industry and governmental organisations are highly protectionist when it comes
to protect indigenous Brazilian TT production.
EU exports of medical sutures to Brazil, to give an example, collapsed from 144 Mn USD in
2010 to 12 Mn USD in 2014 when local suture production was established (company
Covidien a.o.), subsequently to which the Brazilian government raised duties on suture
imports to prohibitive levels.
Thus, today, the EU is supplying to Brazil chiefly products which are not produced locally.
By 2014 EU TT exports to Brazil had not fully recovered from the above described collapse
of suture sales:
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 63: Brazil import share 2014
EU TT exports to Brazil
2010 Bn USD 2014 Bn USD
Yarn type* 180 26
Fabric type * 124 149
Nonwovens 39 48
Total Mn USD 343 223
* (including 20% dual use estimate)
Source: Comtrade
In Brazil, the years 2015 / 2016 are marked by the drastic economic crisis in the country, so
that very likely the above quantified 2014 EU TT export numbers to Brazil might have
continued their decline.

Brazil has a substantial fibre production in most raw materials needed for Technical Textiles
(although on a lower level of sophistication compared to Europe, the USA or Japan). Many
specialty fibres used for Technical Textiles (e.g. Aramids) are, however, today also produced
in the country.
Figure 64: Brazil Fibre Production 2014
World kt 2014 Brazil kt 2014 % share Brazil

in world production
PET filament 28,297 57 0.2%
PET industrial yarn 1,908 8 0.4%
PET staple fibre 43,269 136 0.3%
PA filament 2,626 41 1.6%
PA industrial yarn 1,085 18 1.7%
PA staple fibre 155 --- ---
PAC staple fibre 1,704 1 ---
Cellulosic staple fibre 5,127 16 0.3%
Cotton 26,110 1,533 5.9%
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Final Report
October 2016
Brazil specialty TechTex fibres production

Meta Aramid Yes
Para Aramid Yes
Carbon fibre Yes
PLA fibres No
PPS fibres Yes
Biodegradable polymers for sutures n.a.
D.6.2.4. TechTex market Brazil

In 2014 the Brazil TechTex consumption was 4.2 Bn USD1). Mobiltech, Indutech, Agrotech
and Hometech are the largest segments representing 60% of total Brazil TT consumption.
Figure 65: Brazil TechTex consumption 2014
World market Brazil consumption Brazil as % of world market

Bn USD Bn USD
9.9 0.54 Agrotech 6%

16.5 0.39 Buildtech 2%
5.4 0.09 Clothtech 2%
4.2 0.08 Geotech 2%
14.9 0.51 Hometech 3%
25.6 0.64 Indutech 3%
Four
4.9 largest 0.15 Medtech 3%
segments
8.5 0.29 Hygiene 3%
24.3 0.85 Mobiltech 4%
17.6 0.44 Packtech 2%
7.0 0.14 Protech
2%
8.1 0.13 Sporttech
2%
147.0 Bn USD 4.23 Bn USD Total 3%
1)
Yarn type, fabric type (roll good), Nonwovens (roll good)
Source: Gherzi world and regional market model
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Final Report
October 2016
The Brazil TechTex market (4.2 Bn USD in 2014) has taken a hit in 2015 due to the
prevailing recession in the country. As of OICA Brazilian motor vehicle production went down
from 3.7 Mn units in 2013 to 2.4 Mn units (- 34%) in 2015. At projected future growth rates of
2.5% p.a. (source: Gherzi field interviews in Brazil) the 2010 market size can be reached
again as of 2020.
Figure 66: Brazil TechTex market growth
Brazil TechTex market growth
2010 2014 2015/2016 2020*
4.2
+ 2.5% 3.3
3.3 + 6% Bn USD 3.0
- 28% p.a. Bn USD
Bn USD p.a. Bn USD
p.a.
1.05 MMT 1.3 MMT 1.0 MMT 1.1 MMT
* The interviewed parties expect an annual Brazilian GDP growth of only 1% as of 2018 (2017 GDP
growth expected to stagnate on a ± 0 level)
Source: EDANA projections, Gherzi analysis,

2015/16 – 2020: Gherzi interviews and estimates
Before this background it does not make sense to go too deep into the market scenario 2020
by application (as it will in most cases remain below 2014 recorded values).
The highest chance to reach again 2014 demand levels by 2020 was accredited – in Gherzi
interviews – to …
 Agrotech (Government plan to increase grain production in Brazil by 50% ‘till 2025 –
source Ministerio da Agricultura) :
However, this segment is almost exclusively served by local producers in Brazil
 Packtech (driven by growth of Agrotech and substitution of paper bags by TT solutions)
 Buildtech & Geotech due to expected construction industry growth and expected public
investments in infrastructure, energy and railways
 Filtration (large gap vs developed countries and thus need to ‘catch up’).
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.5. Supply scenario Brazil

Out of the total 2014 TechTex market in Brazil (4.2 Bn USD) only about 27% is imported
(1.15 Bn USD).
Figure 67: Brazil market and supply scenario 2014
Brazil 2014 market and supply scenario
kt Bn USD
Import
Import + 1.2
Production Export + 188 Production Export Mn USD
- 116
- 0.8
1.182 3.8
Mn USD
Market 2014: Market 2014:

1,255 kt 4.2 Bn USD
Source: Gherzi world and regional market model (adapted in Clothtech

and Sporttech to specific Brazil indicators), UN Comtrade
Total Brazil textile imports (for TechTex and traditional applications) have been growing at a
rate of 7% p.a. ‘till 2014. However, only 26% of all textiles imported in 2014 were TechTex
products (compare with 43% in the USA).
This fact indicates towards a certain unawareness about the advantages of Technical
Textiles in Brazil, a fact confirmed by Gherzi interviews.
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 68: Brazil Textile imports 2010 / 2014
Brazil Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products)
2014
2010 2014
4.4 Bn USD
26%
+ 7% 4.4 74%
p.a. Bn USD
3.4
Bn USD
Technical Textiles
All other textiles (w.o.
clothing)
About 27% of Brazil TechTex demand is imported. The import share is highest in yarn type
Technical Textiles (due to high imports of medical sutures).
Figure 69: Brazil TechTex market scenario 2014
Brazil TechTex market scenario 2014

2014
Imports Local production Brazil Market size Of which
Bn USD 4.2 Bn USD imports Bn USD
35% 65% Yarn type
4 31% 69%
1) 1)
0.31 0.11
3 Fabric type
1) 1)
2.46 0.76
20% 80%
Nonwoven
1
1.46 0.29
0
- 169 -
Final Report
October 2016
kt Brazil market kt import
Yarn type 120 10

Fabric type 800 110
Nonwoven 340 60
1)
Include 20% ‘dual use’ import products (that is products – like cotton wovens – serving TechTex as
well as traditional textile markets)
Nonwoven imports into Brazil have grown by 71% between 2010 and 2014. European
producers have shown more modest growth and thus lost % import share. Nonwoven roll
good is the principal EU import product.
Figure 70: Brazil Nonwoven imports 2014
2014 Brazil Nonwoven imports
2010 2014 EU Nonwoven

Brazil imports
0.29 Bn USD
Key Products
Bn USD %
0.17 Bn USD Nonwovens 0.03 60

83% (roll good)
+ 14%
p.a. Sanitary towels, 0.02 40
All pads, napkins,
other 78% others…)
EU
22% 17%
EU import
0.04 0.05
share
(Bn USD):
+ 5% p.a.
6.2 7.3
N.b.: EU kt
+ 4% p.a. Source: UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis
- 170 -
Final Report
October 2016
Fabric type TechTex imports into Brazil have grown by 33% between 2010 and 2014.
European producers have grown more or less with the market. Main EU import products are
bandages (Medtech), coated fabrics and specialty fabrics such as for filtration.
Figure 71: Brazil Fabric type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Brazil Fabric type TechTex imports
2010 2014 EU Fabric type

1)
Brazil imports
Key Products
0.76 Bn USD
Bn USD %
Bandages
0.02 15
(Medtech)
0.57 Bn USD
Specialty
2) 0.03 20
80% fabrics
+ 7.5%
All p.a. All other 0.08 49
other 79%
EU
21% 20%
EU import
share 0.12 0.15
(Bn USD):
+ 6% p.a.
8.9 14.8
N.b.: EU kt
+ 14% p.a.
1)
Include 20% ‘dual use’ products not
covered by TechTex specific Com-
trade code
2)
Such as filament wovens for filtration
- 171 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Yarn type TechTex imports into Brazil have stagnated mainly due to loss of volumes in
medical sutures (since local Brazilian production was expanded).
Figure 72: Brazil Yarn type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Brazil Yarn type TechTex imports
2010 2014 EU Yarn type Brazil

imports
Key Products
0.11 Bn USD
Bn USD %
Medical 0.01 33
0.09 Bn USD sutures
All other 0.02 67
All other 67% 73%

+ 5% Total EU 0.03 Bn USD 100%
p.a.
EU 33% 27%
EU import
share 0.03 0.03
(Bn USD):
- 3% p.a.
2.8 1.1
N.b.: EU kt
+ 21% p.a.
1)
trade code Source: UN Comtrade, Gherzi analysis
- 172 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU industrial yarn imports (raw material for Technical Textiles) into Brazil remain relatively
insignificant in 2014.
Figure 73: Brazil Industrial yarn * type imports 2014
2014 Brazil Industrial yarn type imports
EU Industrial Yarn
2010 2014
type Brazil imports
0.198 Bn USD Key Products
Bn USD %
High 0.003 39%

0.11 Bn USD tenacity
Polyester
+ 15% 97% High 0.004 61%

p.a. tenacity
All Polyamid
98%
other All other --- ---
EU
2% 3%
EU import
share 0.002 0.007
(Bn USD):
+ 30% p.a.
2.4 2.8
N.b.: EU kt
+ 4% p.a.
* essentially High Tenacity filament and Aramids
- 173 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil imports of TechTex made-ups – though growing strongly between 2010 and 2014 –
remain small in 2014 (0.2 Bn USD). The same holds true for 2014 EU TechTex made-up
exports to Brazil (0.03 Bn USD).
The main product imported from the EU is seat belts.
Figure 74: Brazil TechTex made-ups imports 2014
2014 Brazil TechTex made-ups imports
2010 2014
0.22 Bn USD
EU TT made-ups
Brazil imports
Key Products
Bn USD %
Safety seat belts 13 48

0.10 Bn USD
88% All other 14 52
All Total: 27 Bn USD 100

+ 22%
other p.a.
87%
EU 13% 12%
EU import 0.01 0.03

share
(Bn USD):
- 19% p.a.
0.7 1.3
N.b.: EU kt
+ 17% p.a.
- 174 -
Final Report
October 2016
Conclusions from the Brazil TT market and trade analysis (see also Appendix 5): Relatively
closed import market Brazil, in which the EU enjoys a relatively strong position. Till 2014
Brazil imports in fabrics and Nonwovens from the EU were growing, imports of (yarn type)
medical sutures from EU collapsed, however, likely due to new local production (cie.
Covidien).
Figure 75: Brazil: EU import position in Technical Textiles
BRAZIL: EU IMPORT POSITION IN TECHNICAL TEXTILES (2014)
% import % EU
CON- IMPORTS IMPORTS CAGR (EU Imports)
(in Mn USD) over con- import
SUMPTION Total FROM EU vs. 2013 vs. 2010
sumption share
Yarn Type 309 109 35% 26 24% + 11% - 38%
Fabric Type 2,456 755 30% 149 20% + 6% + 5%
Nonwoven 1,462 286 20% 48 17% + 4% + 5%
Total 4,227 1,150 27% 223 19% + 6% - 10%
Source: UN Comtrade
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.6. Brazil Key trends

D.6.2.6.1. Quantitative Brazil export performance of the EU in
Figure 76: The short list of products - Brazil (1/2)
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 77: The short list of products - Brazil (2/2)

Sutures (36% TT import share) and twines, cords and cable components (27% TT
import share) are the two strongest EU yarn type products (similar to the USA). As
Brazil 2014 import values in these two products remain small, though, (only about 55
Mn USD in 2014), this good performance did not generate corresponding high levels
of EU producer export sales (18 Mn USD in 2014 for these two categories).
Only coated fabrics and bandages (where the EU is strong also in the USA) reach
above average TT import shares. Again, here the Brazil import volume remains
medium to low (together for these two products ~ 170 Mn USD in 2014), so that the
sales of EU producers remain modest (45 Mn USD for these two categories).
(C) Except spunbond (where there is strong Brazilian competition – e.g. companies
Berry-Providencia and Fitesa) EU NW exports to Brazil have been steadily growing
both in needle felt and in spunlace NW.
The limitation of reaching higher levels than the ~ 50 Mn USD 2014 EU NW export
into Brazil are to be seen in strong local competition from a number of Brazilian
producers leading to the fact that the total NW import volume – all countries –
remains limited (286 Mn USD in 2014). 80% of nonwovens consumed in Brazil are
manufactured locally.
- 177 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.7. Field work insight Brazil

customers and 2 associations in Brazil itself and collected the views of 17 EU TT producers
and 4 associations / trade organisations (other than the steering committee members
Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) on the Brazilian TT market.
Most of the EU producers interviewed by Gherzi had limited experience in Brazil as the
market was judged difficult or partially impossible to access (if duty rates went above 30%);
This also due to the current economic crisis in the Brazilian market.
Thus mentioned as limitations to future growth in EU exports to Brazil were:
- High duty barriers (> 20%) which Brazil is erecting against imports of products which are
produced locally
- Generic policy in Brazil of import replacement leading to the risk of IP being copied to
set up a local Brazilian production
- Difficult to recruit personnel in Brazil qualified to sell highly engineered EU TechTex
products (like geotextiles or filtration)
- Strong local competition specifically in nonwovens (companies Berry-Providencia,
Fitesa, Ober, DuPont Cipatex, amongst others)
Given these hurdles and the collapse of the Brazilian TT market between 2013 and 2014 few
EU producers have the ‘standing’ to continue prospecting the Brazilian market at the time of
this report (exception: EU producers with local production sites in Brazil or companies – such
as from the geotextile side – who have invested years to train and build up local commercial
personnel in Brazil itself).
Total EU TT exports to Brazil have gone down sharply after the collapse of suture sales in
2013 (erection of duty barriers to protect new local producers) and have only gradually
recovered in 2014 only to be negatively impacted again by the economic crisis of 2015/2016.
D.6.2.7.2. Brazil market attractiveness

The majority of future growth applications in Brazil is favouring local producers:
Figure 78: Growth applications Brazil
Favouring chiefly
Growth Applications Brazil
Local Producers Foreign Producers
Agrotech X
Buildtech X
Geotech X X
Indutech (e.g. filtration) X X
Packtech X
Source: Gherzi interviews and assessment
- 178 -
Final Report
October 2016
Areas of strength of the EU TT industry (especially Mobiltech and Medtech) are not taking off
in the short term future due to the lack of funds on the consumer level.
On the other hand, the knowledge about the virtues of Technical Textiles in general and the
attractiveness of EU high end solutions (in, e.g., Medtech, Protech, Filtration, Geotech,
Composites, etc.) is very underdeveloped in Brazil both on producer and industry association
side as well as on a customer level.
Enhancing this knowledge, e.g., through TT road shows (e.g. filtration or Geotech specific) or
TT fairs could in the long run enhance the demand for more sophisticated TT solutions on
the Brazilian market.
D.6.2.7.3. Key success factors to profit from market opportunities

The KSF (‘Key Success Factors’) for Brazil TT exports can be summarized as
i. Identifying products which are not produced locally
ii. Identifying the right personnel which can educate the Brazilian market in respect to the
EU TT product advantages and who can thus sell complex EU TT solutions against the
prevailing low end (local) products.
Standards and norms are less of an issue in Brazil as these are often formulated along
prevailing international examples.
- 179 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.8. Brazil: SWOT
Figure 79: Brazil - SWOT
• Above average 2014 EU % import • Below average 2014 EU %
share in yarn type (30%) and fabric import share in industrial yarn
type (20%) Technical Textiles (3%) and TechTex made-ups
• Above average 2014 EU import (11%)
share by product: • Below average 2014 EU
 Medical sutures (36%) import share by product:
 Twines, cords and ropes (27%)  Coated fabrics (6%)
 Medical bandages (24%)  Narrow wovens (12%)
 Specialty filament fabrics  Tire cord (7%)
(30%)  Spunbond nonwovens
 Spunlace nonwovens (23%) (5%)
 Needlefelt nonwovens (27%)  Sanitary towels a. Napkins
• Well respected EU position for (13%)
‘engineered’ TT solutions • Not many EU companies have
• Cultural closeness EU - Brazil a well-established sales
organisation in Brazil
• EU cost levels sometimes
prohibitive for a low GDP /
capita country like Brazil
• Relatively large population (200 M) • Market drop from 4.2 Bn USD
thus potential for growth in demand (2014) to 3 Bn USD (2015)
of ‚number of inhabitants‘ related with full recovery not expected
segments like Medtech or Hygiene before 2020
• Industrialisation of agriculture • High import barriers resulting
creates needs for high end Agro- in a relatively low TechTex
and Geotextiles import share (19% in 2014)
• Mobiltech is the largest application • As soon as local production
in Brazil creating long term comes up, duties are raised to
opportunities for competitive EU reduce imports
automotive suppliers • Strong appreciation of the
• Despite protectionist measures, Euro against the RRL
TechTex imports have outgrown • Prevailing economic
the market between 2010 and stagnation creating liquidity
2014: Local producers possibly not problems on customer and
present in the high tech / specialty / B2B customer levels
nominated end of the market
• Raising awareness for high end EU
TT solutions in, e.g. …
 Filtration
 Medtech
 Geotech
 Composites
 Protech
 Etc.
… could create new demand
- 180 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.9. Brazil: Summary and key opportunities

D.6.2.9.1. Summary
Brazil is a 4 Bn USD TechTex market (2014) driven by a relatively large population (~ 200 M
inhabitants) and large agricultural and – partially (like in vehicle production) – industrial
sector.
The 2015 recession is estimated to have cut TechTex market demand by close to 30%. At
forecasted growth rates the 2014 level of TechTex demand will be materializing again as of
2020.
Brazil is a relatively closed economy (high import barriers for products produced in the
country) explaining the low TechTex import share of 27% (compared to 50% in the USA).
EU TechTex imports into Brazil remain below 250 Mn USD for the year 2014 (20% average
import share) with the highest EU % import share being achieved in yarn type Technical
Textiles.
Figure 80: Brazil import share 2014
% 2014 Brazil import share
Yarn type 27%
Fabric type 20%
Nonwovens 3%
EU exports to Brazil: Product view (initial conclusions)
Generally, Brazil must be regarded, however, as a relatively closed economy (only 27% of
TechTex consumption is imported):
• As soon as local (Brazilian) production comes up, duties tend to go up
• The collapse of EU medical suture exports to Brazil (- 125 Mn USD between 2010 and
2013) can be partially explained by the start-up / expansion of local production in Brazil
(e.g. cie. Covidien), headquartered in Ireland)
EU producers enjoy a strong position in TT imports into Brazil (19% overall share in 2014)
with strong positions especially in yarn type and fabric type products (specialties and
nominated products with limited local competition such as automotive TT supplies to
international auto OEMs operating in the country)
EU Nonwoven exports reach a below average import share (17% of Brazil imports in 2014
vs. 20% in fabric type and 21% in yarn type) possibly due to
a) strong local supply base in Nonwovens and
b) strong Chinese import competition
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Final Report
October 2016

Excluding areas with strong local production, opportunities are seen in sophisticated EU TT
products which are not produced locally, chiefly (as mentioned earlier) in …
• Filtration
• Medtech
• Geotech
• Protech
• Composites.
This concerns chiefly fabric type Technical Textiles (as here the local Brazilian industry is
weak) and to a lesser extent nonwovens (where the risk of being copied by strong Brazilian
nonwoven producers is higher).
On a government to government level it might be discussed, in how far EU ‘scientific farming’
experience might be of help (via EU produced TT solutions) to accelerate the achievement of
Brazil’s target ‘Plus 50% grain production by 2025’ (e.g. through improved irrigation and
water management systems) or other agro-specific growth initiatives like greenhouse
farming.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.2.10. Brazil: Conclusions

Opportunities and recommended actions (on EU producer level) for the Brazil market can be
Figure 81: Gherzi strategic priority matrix Brazil
Brazil Opportunity Matrix

- Filtration - Geotextiles - Medical sutures
- CF composites and rein- - Sophisticated (like
forcements spunlace) nonwovens
High
- Sophisticated Medtech
- Protech
Brazil - Scientific farming TT

Market products
Attrac- Medium
tiveness
Low
Current EU Producer
market position in Brazil
- 183 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3. South Korea

D.6.3.1. Key data South Korea
Figure 82: Key Data South Korea (2014)
Korea must be considered as a highly industrialized country with a GDP per capita above the
2014 EU average.
In the recent past South Korea’s textile industry has realized a shift from traditional (like
fashion oriented) textiles towards Technical Textiles and nonwovens. This has gone hand in
hand with growth in demand for Technical Textiles driven, e.g., by the success of the local
vehicle industry and a striving medical sector (including – for example – a boom in cosmetic
surgery driving up demand for medical sutures).
In parallel to growing demand, though, South Korea has established a strong local …
• Man-made fibre industry (almost all fibres needed for Technical Textiles are produced
locally)
• A significant local nonwoven production
• An import replacement industry in higher value added articles (like, e.g., medical sutures
or airbags for cars).
TechTex imports in South Korea today come mainly from China (low end products) and
Japan (high end products).
EU producers seem underrepresented in the S. Korean TechTex market:
• EU share of S. Korean TechTex import: 11% (vs. 19% in the USA)
• All companies in the sample of EU companies interviewed by Gherzi in the context of
the EU TechTex mission confirmed that they do not have either significant sales or a
good knowledge and formal marketing approach to the S. Korean TechTex market.
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Final Report
October 2016
South Korea is a very open trade oriented country having signed FTAs with Europe, the
USA, Japan and China amongst others.
In TechTex exports to S. Korea EU producers are chiefly competing with Japan and the USA
as suppliers to the higher end of the market.

Korea has a significant indigenous fibre production with strength especially in PA and PET
industrial yarns and – on top – specialty fibres. With some exceptions (like Viscose FR) all
fibres required for the production of Technical Textiles are available from a local production.
Figure 83: South Korea Fibre Production 2014
Fibre production 2014
World kt 2014 Korea kt 2014 % share Korea

in world
production
PET filament 28,297 557 2%
PET industrial yarn 1,908 158 8%
PET staple fibre 43,269 562 1%
PA filament 2,626 83 3%
PA industrial yarn 1,085 53 5%
PAC staple fibre 1,704 49 3%
Cellulosic staple fibre 5,127 25 0.5%
Cotton 26,110 --- ---
Figure 84: South Korea specialty TechTex fibres production
Korea specialty TechTex fibres production
Meta Aramid Yes
Para Aramid Yes
Carbon fibre Yes
PLA fibres Yes
PPS fibres Yes

Source: Gherzi research and fibre model
- 185 -
Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3.4. TechTex market South Korea

In 2014 the Korean TechTex consumption was ~ 3.3 Bn USD1). 55% of South Korean
TechTex consumption went into the two largest segments, namely Mobiltech and Indutech.
Figure 85: South Korea TechTex consumption 2014
World market Korea consumption Korea as % of world market

Bn USD Bn USD
9.9 0.01 Agrotech <1%

Geotech 2%
4.2 0.06
14.9 0.23 Hometech 2%
25.6 0.59 Indutech 2%
4.9 0.06 Medtech 1%

8.5 0.13 Hygiene 2%
24.3 1.22 Mobiltech 5%

Three 2%
17.6 largest 0.40 Packtech
segments
7.0 0.10 Protech 2%
8.1 0.09 Sporttech 1%
Total 2
1) 1)
147.0 Bn USD 3.26 Bn USD
1)
‘Yarn type, fabric type (roll good), Nonwovens (roll good)
Source: Gherzi regional market model
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Final Report
October 2016
The Korean TechTex market is expected to continue to grow at a rate of about 5% p.a. (after
4.3% p.a. between 2010 and 2014). Thus, between 2014 and 2020 about 1 Bn USD is
expected to come on top of 2014 Korean TechTex consumption.
Figure 86: South Korea TechTex market growth
Korean TechTex market growth
2010 2014 2020
4.4
3.3 Bn USD
+ 5%
2.8 + 4.3% Bn USD
p.a.
Bn USD p.a.
0.49 MMT 0.57 MMT 0.75 MMT

Source: EDANA growth forecast, Gherzi world and regional demand model,
Gherzi field interviews and estimates

• Indutech: + 0.46 Bn USD
• Mobiltech: + 0.23 Bn USD
• Hygiene & Medtech: + 0.15 Bn USD
Figure 87: South Korea TechTex market 2014-2020 by application
Bn USD add. demand

Bn USD 2014 CAGR 2014/20 Bn USD 2020
2020 vs 2014
Agrotech 0.01 0% 0.01 0.00
Buildtech 0.31 3% 0.37 0.06
Clothtech 0.06 3% 0.07 0.01
Geotech 0.06 3% 0.07 0.01
Hometec 0.23 3% 0.27 0.04
Indutech 0.59 10% 1.05 0.46
Medtech 0.06 10% 0.11 0.05
Hygiene 0.13 10% 0.23 0.10
Mobiltech 1.20 3% 1.43 0.23
Packtech 0.40 3% 0.48 0.08
Protech 0.10 6% 0.14 0.04
Sporttech 0.09 3% 0.11 0.02
Total Bn USD 3.26 5% 4.39 1.12
Source: Gherzi market model, CAGR 2014/2020 based on S. Korea market interviews
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3.5. Supply scenario South Korea

Out of the total Korean 2014 TechTex market of 3.26 Bn USD about 60% is imported.
Figure 88: South Korea market and supply scenario 2014
Korea 2014 market and supply scenario
kt Bn USD
Production Export Production Export

- 478 Import - 3.5
645 + 406 4.7 Bn USD
Import
Bn USD + 2.0
Bn USD
Market 2014:
573 kt Market 2014:
3.3 Bn USD
Source: Gherzi world and regional market model, UN Comtrade
The high export share in Korean TechTex production (3/4 of TechTex production in Bn USD
is estimated to be exported) is based in Gherzi’s view on
a) the large number of FTAs signed by S. Korea with most of its trading partners worldwide
and
b) the delocalised but Korean owned foreign production sites, e.g., of the Korean vehicle
industry, consuming South Korea made Technical Textiles (or finished imported
material).
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Final Report
October 2016
Total Korean textile imports (TechTex and traditional products) have been growing at a rate
of 4% p.a. ‘till 2014. 37% of all Korean textile imports in 2014 were TechTex products.
Figure 89: South Korea Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products)
Technical Textiles
All other textiles (w.o. clothing)
- 189 -
Final Report
October 2016
More than 50% of Korean TechTex demand is imported. The highest import share is in fabric
type Technical Textiles with close to 60%.
Figure 90: South Korea TechTex market scenario 2014
Korea TechTex market scenario 2014

2014
Korea Market size Of which

Bn USD 3.26 Imports Local production Bn USD imports Bn USD
4
Yarn
type
1) 1)
51% 49% 0.31 0.16
3
Fabric
type
1) 1)
57% 43% 2.17 1.24
2
1
Nonwoven
80% 20% 0.78 0.62
0
3.26 2.02
Bn USD total
1)
includes 20% ‘dual use’ import products
kt Korea market kt import
Yarn type 34 20
Fabric type 315 253
Nonwoven 224 133
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Final Report
October 2016
Nonwovens imported into Korea have about doubled in value between 2010 and 2014.
European producers have shown strong growth and increased their % import share from 9%
in 2010 to 11% in 2014. Key EU produced products for the Korean market – apart from
Nonwoven roll goods – are textile waddings and sanitary pads, towels / napkins and the like.
Figure 91: South Korea Nonwoven imports 2014
2014 Korea Nonwoven imports
2010 2014
EU Nonwoven
Korea imports
Bn USD %
Nonwovens 0.02 33
(roll good)
Textile 0.03 38
89% waddings
0.34 Bn USD
Sanitary pads, 0.01 20
towels, napkins
+ 16% Others 0.01 9
All p.a.
other 91%
EU 11%
9%
EU import
share 0.03 0.07
(Bn USD):
+ 22% p.a.
N.b.: EU kt 4.2 6.4
+ 11% p.a.
- 191 -
Final Report
October 2016
Fabric type TechTex imports into Korea have grown by 19% between 2010 and 2014.
European producer sales showed – however – only modest to no growth, so that the EU’s %
import share has been going down from 10% in 2010 to 9% in 2014. Key EU products are
coated fabrics, specialty fabrics (mainly filament based) and medical bandages.
Figure 92: South Korea Fabric type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Korea Fabric type TechTex imports

Korea imports
Key Products
1.24 Bn USD
Bn USD %

1.04 Bn USD 2)
Specialty fabrics , 0.03 24
chiefly filament
based
91%
+ 7.5% Bandages 0.02 14
All p.a.
other 90% All other 0.05 53
EU 10% 9%
EU import
0.11 0.11 1)
share Include 20% ‘dual use’ products not
(Bn USD): covered by TechTex specific Com-
+ 2% p.a. trade code
2)
4.5 7.2 Such as filament wovens for filtration
N.b.: EU kt
+ 12% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Yarn type imports into Korea (EU and non-EU) have gone down by 3% p.a. between 2010
and 2014. EU Yarn type TechTex imports into Korea have gone down by 8%% between
2010 and 2014. EU producers have lost share and volume chiefly due to declining sales of
medical sutures (increasing local Korean suture production).
Figure 93: South Korea Yarn type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Korea Yarn type TechTex imports
2010 2014
EU Yarn type Korea
imports
0.16 Bn USD
Key Products
0.14 Bn USD
Bn USD %
Medical 0.03 56
sutures
71%
54% All other 0.02 44
All other Total EU 0.05 Bn USD 100%
+ 3%
p.a.
46% 29%
EU
EU import share
(Bn USD): 0.07 0.05
- 8% p.a.
N.b.: EU kt 1.0 0.8
- 5% p.a.
1)
- 193 -
Final Report
October 2016
Korean industrial yarn imports (raw material for Technical Textiles) have grown by 7.5%
between 2010 and 2014 (mainly from China). No significant presence of EU producers
though as of 2014.
Figure 94: South Korea Industrial yarn type imports 2014
2014 Korea Industrial yarn type imports
2010 2014
0.16 Bn USD
0.12 Bn USD
+ 4%
p.a.
All
other
EU
EU import
share --- < 0.5%
(Bn USD):
- 194 -
Final Report
October 2016
TechTex made-up imports into Korea (such as in protective clothing or temporary buildings)
show a healthy growth rate of 14% p.a. between 2010 and 2014. EU exports of made-ups to
S. Korea remain small, though, despite doubling in value between 2010 (0.03 Bn USD) and
2014 (0.06 Bn USD).
Figure 95: South Korea TechTex made-ups imports 2014
2014 Korea TechTex made-ups imports
2010 2014
0.79 Bn USD
EU Industrial Yarn
type Korea imports
Key Products
Bn USD %
0.47 Bn USD Nonwoven 0.02 40

garments
93% Institutional 0.01 12
& occ.
All + 14% Garments
other p.a.
All other 0.03 48
93%
EU
7% 7%
EU import share
(Bn USD): 0.03 0.06
+ 15% p.a.
1.6 2.6
N.b.: EU kt
+ 13% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Conclusions from the S. Korea TechTex market and trade analysis (see also Appendix 6):
Open import market with, however, modest import market shares of EU TechTex producers
especially in fabric type Technical Textiles and Nonwovens. EU yarn type import shares are
strong due to medical sutures which are, however, decreasing in value (more and more local
Korean suture production).
Historic (2010 to 2013) EU Nonwoven export growth to South Korea has not continued in
2014 (when compared to 2013).
Figure 96: South Korea: EU import position in Technical Textiles
South Korea: EU IMPORT POSITION IN TECHNICAL TEXTILES
% import % EU CAGR (EU

CON- IMPORTS IMPORTS
(in Mn USD) over con- import Imports)
SUMPTION Total FROM EU
sumption share vs. 2013 vs. 2010
Yarn Type 308 159 52% 46 29% + 1% - 8%
Fabric Type 2,173 1,240 57% 113 9% + 5% + 2%
Nonwoven 783 625 80% * 67 11% - 1% + 22%
Total 3,264 2,024 62% 226 11% + 2% + 4%
* indicating towards a large amount of basic rollgood being imported for finishing / conversion in Korea
and subsequent re-export.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3.6. South Korea Key trends

D.6.3.6.1. Quantitative South Krea export performance of the EU in
Figure 97: The short list of products - Korea (1/2)
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 98: The short list of products - Korea (2/2)
(Source: Gherzi interviews and trade

statistics analysis)

Historically, yarn type TT exports to S. Korea were one of the strengths of the EU
industry (46% of all yarn type TT imports of Korea came from the EU in 2010). This
success was chiefly built on medical sutures. With the surge in cosmetic surgery in S.
Korea suture demand increased and local producers appeared on the market (e.g.
companies Samyang or Meta Biomed).
With local Korean suture production rising rapidly, EU suture exports to S. Korea went
down (from 43 Mn USD in 2010 to 26 Mn USD in 2014).
The EU export growth in twines / cords / cables and cable components (from 3 Mn USD
in 2010 to 6 Mn USD in 2014) could not compensate the decline in suture sales
(especially also because S. Korea has a strong indigenous filament extrusion and ropes
industry), so overall EU % import shares in yarn type products are going down (a trend
which is expected to continue).
The Korean Medtech / Hygiene market is still regarded as highly attractive (as explained
later in this report), but growth opportunities are given chiefly in non-yarn type products
like special nonwovens or fabric type (such as wound dressing) products.
It is a well-known and uncontested fact that Europe’s manufacturing base in many raw
materials used for TT has eroded in favour of the Asian (such as Chinese or Korean)
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Final Report
October 2016
competition. This concerns especially Polyester and Polyamide High Tenacity filament
or staple fibres, a ‘staple product’ in the construction of many Technical Textiles.
This explains the absence of EU exports in ‘industrial yarns’ to South Korea.
As mentioned in the appendix (9.1.3), significant EU exports of specialty viscose fibres
(like FR or for spunlace nonwovens) could, however, not be analysed due to absence of
a specific HS code.
As there is no Korean producer of these fibres and Europe enjoys a strong market
position, it can be assumed that the export performance in these fibres is strong and
uncontested (even though – in viscose fibres for nonwovens – the emerging competition
from China or India is there and increasing in strength).
(B) Fabric Type Technical Textiles (for details see Appendix 6)

Overall, the EU export performance in fabric type TT products for the S. Korean market
is below average (only 9% of all 2014 S. Korean fabric imports came from the EU).
Reasons are to be seen in:
i. the strong local S. Korean industry and
ii. Intense competition from China (low end) and Japan (high end) with well-established
and reasonably fast logistical access to Korea compared to faraway Europe.
Main EU product success concerns
- Medical bandages and
- Specialty synthetic filament fabrics (such as for filtration)
A traditional strength of the EU industry - namely coated fabrics – is underperforming in
Korea (9% of all corresponding Korean imports) compared, e.g., to the USA (16% of all
corresponding US imports).
The exports of EU producers to South Korea under TT made-ups concern chiefly PPE
garments based on or nonwovens and to a lesser extent fabrics starting from a small
base, though. EU TT made-up exports to South Korea have doubled (from 30 Mn USD
in 2010 to 60 Mn USD in 2014) in an overall growing Korean import environment.
As good growth potential is seen in PPE demand in Korea in the future (source: Gherzi
interviews), EU producers should be able to continue to grow their exports to this region
not only in Nonwovens based PPE garments, but also and especially in (so far under-
represented) fabric based PPE garments (like for flame, cut & slash, ballistic or metal /
chemical splash protection).
(C) Nonwovens (for details see Appendix 6)

EU nonwoven exports to South Korea can be regarded as a success story – although on
a low level – with growth of exports to S. Korea growing from 30 Mn USD in 2010 to 67
Mn USD in 2014. This basically concerns a wide range of NW products, whereby more
commodity type products like waddings – having fallen victim to local producers – have
successfully been replaced with more sophisticated NW products like for filtration or
Medtech / Hygiene applications.
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Final Report
October 2016
For the case that the above described substitution trends in EU commodity NW exports
to S. Korea have now come to an end, a high growth potential should be given (in
respect to EU NW exports to S. Korea) in those growth segments which are described
later in this report.
D.6.3.7. Field work insight South Korea

Gherzi has interviewed – in the course of the EU TechTex mission – 13 TT producers /
customers and 4 associations / trade organisations in S. Korea itself and collected the views
of 17 EU TT producers and 4 EU associations / trade organisations (other than those
represented on the project steering committee, namely Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS)
regarding their views of the S. Korean TT market.
The interviewed EU TT producers were mainly from the SME sector. Most of them had no or
limited experience in Korea due to limited resources (concentrated instead on the potentially
larger US TT market opportunity).
The strength of the local Korean TT competition was given – by EU TT producers – as
another argument for the so far weak export presence on the Korean market.
From the side of Korean TT companies, associations and organisations, the strength of EU
TT producers was seen in …
 Innovation and creativity (e.g. in sun protection)
 Medtech in general
 Strong brands in consumer related products (e.g. Sporttech)
 Image of quality and of reliability (important for, e.g., Mobiltech or Hygiene)
 Experience in inherent FR fibres, fabrics and garments (Protech).

However, it was often cited that the low end of TT products was generally imported from
China (proximity, costs) and the high end – where not produced locally – from Japan (quality,
proximity, well-functioning logistics).
As was mentioned earlier in this report, it needs to be noted also, that there is a dedicated
effort by the Korean industry to build up local TT production (including raw materials) to a
sophistication level comparable with Japan and the EU.
In automotive airbags, to give an example, Korea has started by building up a certified PA
yarn production (Hyosung Group) and then moved forward to fabric production and airbag
assembly a.o. through the acquisition of company Global Safety Textiles (GST) in Germany.
The same strategy to build up a local production in high value added TT products has been
observed, to give another example, in medical sutures (as has been mentioned before). The
smart textile alliance between Korean fabric producers and local electronic giants (like
Samsung or LG) is another example of the strategy to build up a high end S. Korean
TechTex industry competing with Japan, the USA and the EU.
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Final Report
October 2016
On the other hand, Korea is a relatively open market having signed FTAs with almost every
major trading partner worldwide and is relatively open (especially compared to the USA) to
accept proven international standards and norms.
D.6.3.7.2. South Korea market attractiveness

A number of applications and technologies were cited by interviewed parties in Korea as
showing high growth of demand potential (non-exhaustive list of examples):
i. Medtech and Hygiene:
– Apart from the impact of demographics (aging society) and high GDP/capita in
Korea, demand is also positively fuelled by the surge in cosmetic surgery in S.
Korea, Asia in general and Arabic countries
– Despite strong expansion of local Koran Medtech / Hygiene related production
(like in sutures) opportunities for EU producers are given a.o. in
• Non-suture Medtech products (like tubes and nets, hear valves, regeneration
textiles, smart textiles for diagnostics, etc.) or
• Sophisticated nonwovens (like high end cosmetic wipes or wound dressings).
ii. High end Mobiltech solutions (like filtration fabrics or nonwovens, carbon fibre
composite reinforcements or in general weight saving textile solutions such as in
automotive acoustics)
iii. TT products (woven, nonwoven) profiting from the high growth of filtration demand in
general not only but also under Indutech (air, odour, liquids like hydraulic oils, etc.)
iv. Branded consumer oriented products in hygiene or sports (European brands enjoy a
strong and positive recognition in Korea)
v. Sophisticated coated fabric solutions like for artificial leather (incl. for close to the
consumer markets like bags)
vi. Overall functional (e.g. Protech) solutions (fibres, yarns, fabrics, garments)
– South Korea is just now reformulating its PPE norms to integrate durability of
functions (like FR)
– Cheaply adding non-durable functions (like FR) through fabric finishing (like on
Chinese cloth) is being ruled out in the future
– A great interest exists in Europe’s experience in adding durable (e.g. sustaining a
large number of industrial wash cycles) functionality to fibres (e.g. inherent FR)
and yarns, fabrics and nonwovens
vii. Innovative sun shading (internal and external)
– The sector is seen to be underserved by Korean producers and Europe’s
strength in these products was well recognized by the interviewed parties in
Korea
viii. Sophisticated nonwovens in general
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Final Report
October 2016
– Future growth of NW demand in Korea was generally estimated at 6-7% p.a. and
thus above the S. Korean overall TT market average of 5%
– Segments for which a good acceptance for EU nonwovens were cited, are:
• Medtech / Hygiene
• Indutech (filtration, to give an example)
Valued EU – IP could be application know how (like in filtration) or for high end
NW technologies (like Bico-spunbond, wetlaid or isotropic spunlace nonwovens)
or special fibre solutions (like micro modal or other specialty viscose solutions)
ix. Smart yarns and fabrics / nonwovens / garments
– A big surge is expected in Korea for smart textile solutions
– The Korean textile industry is, however, already collaborating with Korean
electronics giants like Samsung or LG to jointly come up with marketable
solutions.

The entry door into the Korean market for EU producers as seen by the interviewed parties is
innovation like
– New applications for TT solutions
– New functions or durable functions
– Catering to the Medtech and Hygiene boom in Korea
– Transferring EU creativity like in sun shading or artificial leather
– Providing application and customer specific solutions (like in filtration)
– Transferring brand values in products close to the consumer (Hygiene,
Sporttech, …).
What was often cited, though, is that – compared to Japan (who was seen as the major EU
competitor in S. Korea TT imports) – the EU access routes and delays are too long for an on
par innovation level in Technical Textiles with Japan.
“While Europe is competitive in TT yarns, nonwovens and fabrics, there still remains the
geographical and mental disadvantage compared to Japan.” was an often cited remark.
Although trade barriers in form of Korea specific TT standards and norms exist (such as in
Medtech), these were not mentioned, as standards are often worked out close to European
(EN) or international (ISO) formulations.
The currently ongoing work in Korea to formulate new Protech norms might even work in
favour of EU producers, if actively influenced towards well proven European Protech
standards and norms.
In many areas where proximity plays a decisive role (working against EU – and in favour or
Japanese producers) tying up with a suitable partner in Korea in the form of a strategic
licence manufacturing alliance or royalty / commission based distribution agreement might
be the best answer to the key success factors when entering the South Korean market.
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Final Report
October 2016
For this case, however, IP protection was cited by EU producers as the most critical
limitation.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3.8. South Korea: SWOT
Figure 99: South Korea – SWOT of EU producers
share in yarn type Technical import share in fabric type
Textiles (29%) Technical Textiles (9%),
• Above average 2014 EU import industrial yarns (zero) and
share by product: TechTex Made-Ups (7%)
 Medical sutures (50%) • Below average 2014 EU
 Twines, cords and ropes (19%) import share by product:
 Medical bandages (17%)  Coated fabrics (9%)
 Specialty filament fabrics  Curtains & blinds (1%)
(26%)  Narrow wovens (3%)
• Well perceived image of  Tire cord (5%)
innovation, creativity, quality and IP  Spunbond nonwovens
in Technical Textiles (1%)
• Recognition of EU consumer  Spunlace nonwovens
brands in the Korean market (7%)
 Needlefelt nonwovens
(13%)
• Time to market compared to
Japan
• Few EU producers (especially
SMEs) present in Korea
• Techtex market of 3.3 Bn USD • After strong historic
(2014) growing to 4.4 Bn USD by depreciation, the Euro is
2020 appreciating against the KRW
• 55% of the S. Korean TechTex since April 2015
demand is imported. • An FTA is in place also with
• FTA with the EU = zero duties for the US, who is a strong
EU Techtex exports to S. Korea competitor of the EU
• Mobiltech and Indutech (where EU especially in nonwovens and
producers are strong) represent in sutures
55% of the S. Korea TechTex • High number of permits
market in 2014 required when exporting to S.
• Surging demand in Medtech and Korea (to be verified)
Hygiene where Europe excels • Increasing local production of
• New Protech standards being medical sutures (where
formulated Europe is strong)
• Strong interest in high end EU • Expansion of local Korean
nonwoven solutions industry (such as in sutures)
• Certification costs (e.g. in
Medtech) too high for EU
SMEs
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.3.9. South Korea: Summary and key opportunities

D.6.3.9.1. Summary
With ~ 3.3 Bn USD TechTex market size in 2014 Korea is the smallest TechTex market of
the four analysed countries.
The Korean TechTex market is dominated by the Mobiltech and Indutech segments
(together 55% of total TechTex demand in 2014):
 Relatively small population (~ 50 M inhabitants) impacting on demand in ‘size of

population’ driven segments like Medtech or Hygiene
 Large vehicle production (4.5 M units – compared to 11.7 M units in the USA) driving
demand in Mobiltech segment.
Between 2014 and 2020 TechTex demand in Korea is expected to grow by 1 Bn USD (5%
CAGR) – 85% of which is expected to come from the Indutech, Mobiltech and Medtech /
Hygiene sectors.
More than 50% of TechTex consumption in Korea is imported (idem USA).
EU TechTex exports to Korea remain relatively limited (0.23 Bn USD in 2014 or 13% import
share):
 Growing % share and volumes in Nonwovens (0.07 Bn USD or 18% import share in
2014)
 Stagnating volumes and slightly decreasing share in Fabric Type Technical Textiles
(0.11 Bn USD or 9% import share in 2014)
 Decreasing volumes (increasing local Korean suture production) and decreasing %

import share in Yarn Type Technical Textiles (0.05 Bn USD or 29% import share in
2014)
Insignificant EU export volumes to Korea in
 Industrial yarns (raw materials for Technical Textiles)
 TechTex made-ups

I. Expand in areas of strength
 Sophisticated nonwovens (Bico-spunbond, split fibre NW, isotropic spunlace,

wetlaid, specialty meltblown, flushable NW, …)
 Growth markets in Korea meeting with a strong EU industry and IP base

o Medtech / Hygiene (fabric type and nonwovens)
o Filtration / Separation (fabric type and nonwovens)
o Sophisticated vehicle components (light weight acoustics, carbon fibre
composite reinforcement prepregs or parts)
o Protech (functional fibres, fabrics, yarns and nonwovens)
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Final Report
October 2016
II. Address areas of weakness (where the EU is strong, e.g., in the USA):
 Alliances in sutures?
 Coated fabrics (via e.g. Medtech market growth, design intensive artificial
leather, etc.)
 Twines / Ropes / Cable components (e.g. via a PPE initiative or innovative EU

raw materials like UHMW-PE filaments)
III. Recognize untouched opportunities
 Sun shading (internal and external)
 Products profiting from recognition of European consumer brands (sports,

outdoor, luxury bags, hygiene, etc.)
 Smart textiles in every form (fibre, yarn, fabric, nonwoven, made-up)
D.6.3.10. South Korea: Conclusions

Opportunities and recommended actions (on EU producer level) for the South Korean market
Figure 100: Gherzi strategic priority matrix South Korea
S. Korea Opportunity Matrix

- Smart textiles - Sophisticated nonwovens (all - Medical sutures
- Protech solutions (fibres, applications)
yarns, fabrics, nonwovens, - Filter fabrics (NW and woven)
High garments) - Medtech & Hygiene (NW,
woven, braids)
- sophisticated vehicle compo-
nents
South - Sun shading (internal and - coated fabrics - Non Filter/ non sun
Korea external) - twines / ropes / cable compo- shading filament fabrics
Market - products profiting from EU nents - Commodity nonwovens
Attrac- Medium consumer brand
tiveness recognition
Low
Current EU Producer
market position in S. Korea
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.4. Japan
D.6.4.1. Key data Japan (2014)
Figure 101: Key Data Japan (2014)
With 9.4 Bn USD TT consumption Japan is the second largest TT market (behind the USA)
of the 4 analysed countries.
Japan is not only one of the highest industrialized countries in the world (GDP / capita more
or less equivalent to the USA and above the EU28 average), but also one of the early
pioneers in Technical Textiles.
Stemming from a strong upstream industry (Polymer to yarn or nonwoven), with global
players like Teijin, Toray, Kuraray, Asahi or Toyobo, Japan has developed a strong
Technical Textile sector.
Over the last couple of years Japanese TechTex producers have erected many production
sites in China and other countries with whom FTA agreements have been signed (Thailand,
Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, …). This is including Vietnam and Myanmar in view of an
eventual ratification of the TPP agreement. These Japanese owned offshore factories supply
either the local market (like in China) or serve as TT commodity production sites for the
Japanese market or for North America. The local Japanese TT producers thereby focus their
Japanese production on R&D intensive high-end Technical Textile products only.
A special characteristic of the Japanese TT market is the very strong and long term funded
linkage of all Japanese producers in a given TT value chain (from fibre over roll good and
ready-made part to the OEM, industrial end user or consumer good distributor).
These closely inter-linked value chains – communicating essentially only in Japanese
language – make it difficult for foreign companies to penetrate the Japanese market, if not
present through a local production, JV or exclusive distribution tie-up with a Japanese
partner.
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Final Report
October 2016
This fact in essence explains the relatively weak EU TT export volume to Japan of 0.38 Bn
USD in 2014.
Despite the general stagnating economic situation (Japan GDP growth 2016 expected
around 0%) TechTex consumption in Japan is growing at a rate of 4-5% p.a. (both in the
period 2010-2014 as well as in the expectation for 2014-2020) fuelled by changing life styles
and an aging population, growing housing construction and major infrastructure projects,
amongst others.
EU exports to Japan (0.38 Bn USD in 2014) are based on a relatively small product basket.
Medical sutures (74 Mn USD), Medical bandages (40 Mn USD) and (chiefly spunlace)
carded NW (72 Mn USD) explain 50% of total EU TT exports to Japan.
This indicates towards the fact that there exists a more general issue of how to enter the
Japanese market (especially given the SME structure of the EU TT industry) rather than a
specific weakness of EU producers in view of the Japanese competition in one or another
TechTex product domain or technology.

Japan has a very strong man-made fibre production (no cotton) including a broad range of
specialty fibres for Technical Textiles.
In many high tech fibres used for TT production Japan holds a world leading or co-leading
(often together with the USA) position. Aramid fibres (Meta- and Para-), carbon fibres and
prepregs or specialty synthetics for functional apparel and smart textiles (like conductive
fibres or cooling fibres) are just some examples.
Figure 102: Japan Fibre Production 2014
World kt 2014 Japan kt 2014 % share Japan

in world production
PET filament 28,297 87 < 0.5
PET industrial yarn 1,908 49 2.5
PET staple fibre 43,269 147 < 0.5
PA filament 2,626 33 1.5
PA industrial yarn 1,085 50 5.5
PAC staple fibre 1,704 141 8.5
Cellulosic staple fibre 5,127 149 3
Cotton 26,110 --- ---
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 103: Japan specialty TechTex fibres production 2014
Japan specialty TechTex fibres production

Meta Aramide Yes
Para Aramide Yes
Carbon fibre Yes
PLA fibres Yes
PPS fibres Yes
D.6.4.4. TechTex market Japan

In 2014 the Japanese TechTex consumption was 9.4 Bn USD). Mobiltech. Indutech and
Buildtech are the largest segments.
Figure 104: Japanese TechTex consumption 2014

World market Japan consumption Japan as % of world market
Bn USD Bn USD
9.9 0.05 <0.

Agrotech 5
4.2 0.2 Geotech 4%
14.9 1.0 Hometech 7%
25.6 1.65 Indutech 6%
4.9 0.3 Medtech 7%
8.5 0.6 Hygiene 7%
24.3 Three 2.65 Mobiltech 11%

largest
17.6 segments 1.1 6%
Packtech
3%
7.0 0.2 Protech
3%
8.1 0.3 Sporttech
147.0 Bn USD 9.4 Bn USD Total 6%
1)
‘Yarn type, fabric type (roll good), Nonwovens (roll good)
Source: Gherzi market model
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October 2016
The Japanese TechTex market is expected to grow at a rate of about 4-5% p.a. ‘till 2020.
Thus, about 3 Bn USD demand is expected to come on top of 2014 Japanese TechTex
consumption.
Figure 105: Japan TechTex market growth
Japan TechTex market growth
2010 2014 2020
12.2
+ 4.4% Bn USD
+ 4.3%
9.4 p.a.
p.a.
8
Bn USD
Bn USD
1.45 MMT 1.67 MMT 2.14 MMT
Source: ‘Markets and Markets’ / EDANA growth forecast,

Gherzi world and regional demand model
 Buildtech: + 0.80 Bn USD
 Indutech: + 0.70 Bn USD
 Medtech / Hygiene: + 0.60 Bn USD
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October 2016
Figure 106: Japan TechTex market development 2014-2020 by application
Bn USD add. demand

Bn USD 2014 CAGR 2014/20 Bn USD 2020
2020 vs 2014
Agrotech 0.05 0.0% 0.05 0.00
Buildtech 1.20 9.0% 2.00 0.80
Clothtech 0.20 0.0% 0.20 0.00
Geotech 0.20 6.0% 0.28 0.08
Hometech 1.00 6.0% 1.41 0.41
Indutech 1.65 6.0% 2.34 0.69
Medtech 0.30 9.0% 0.50 0.20
Hygiene 0.60 9.0% 1.00 0.40
Mobiltech 2.65 0.0% 2.65 0.00
Packtech 1.10 0.0% 1.10 0.00
Protech 0.20 6.0% 0.28 0.08
Sporttech 0.30 2.0% 0.34 0.04
Total Bn USD 9.4 5% 12.2 2.7
Source: Gherzi USA market model, CAGR 2014/2020 based on USA market interviews
It needs to be noted in this context that – similar to the USA - the interviewed Japanese
parties saw a higher 2014/20 CAGR in NW (8-7% p.a.) compared to around 4% for ‘non-NW’
Technical Textiles.
D.6.4.5. Supply scenario Japan

Out of the total Japanese TechTex market of 9.41 Bn USD about 35% is imported.
Figure 107: Japan 2014 market and supply scenario
Japan 2014 market and supply scenario
kt Bn USD
Import
+ 696
Import
Production Export -3.1
Production Export
Bn USD + 3.8
8.8 Bn USD
1,351 -317
Bn USD
Market 2014: Market 2014:

1,730 kt 9.4 Bn USD
Source: Gherzi world and regional market model, UN Comtrade
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October 2016
Total Japanese textile imports (TechTex and traditional production) have shown modest
growth (2% p.a.) between 2010 and 2014. 39% of all textiles imported into Japan in 2014
concerned Technical Textiles.
It needs to be noted in this context that a larger share (quantification not possible) of
Japanese TT imports stems from delocalised, Japanese owned production sites in other
Asian countries.
Figure 108: Japan Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products) 2014
Japan Textile imports (TechTex and traditional products)
2010 2014 2014

8.89 Bn USD
39%
+ 2% 8.89
p.a. Bn USD
61%
8.15
Bn USD
Technical Textiles
All other textiles (w.o.
clothing)
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Final Report
October 2016
About 40% of the Japanese TechTex demand is imported. The import share is close to 60%
in yarn type Technical Textiles (chiefly sutures) and below 35% in fabric type Technical
Texiles and nonwovens.
Figure 109: Japan TechTex market scenario 2014
Japan TechTex market scenario 2014

2014
Imports Local production
Bn USD 9.41 Japan Market size Of which
Bn USD imports Bn USD
56% 44%
9 Yarn
type
1) 1)
8 0.88 0.49
7
Fabric
6 type
34% 66% 1) 1)
5 6.44 2.16
3
Nonwoven
2
2.08 1.10
1 52% 48%
0
1
kt Japan kt import
market
Yarn type 86 32
Fabric type 1,202 438
Nonwoven 443 227
TechTex Total 1,730 696

1)
include ‘dual use’ import products
1)
2.16
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October 2016
Nonwoven imports into Japan have grown more than 50% between 2010 and 2014. EU
producers have also been able to substantially grow their sales to Japan although slightly
losing import market share.
Overall, the EU producer presence in Japanese nonwoven imports remains, however, small.
Figure 110: Japan Nonwoven imports 2014
2014 Japan Nonwoven imports
2010 2014
EU Nonwoven
Japan imports
Bn USD %
0.72 Bn USD Nonwovens 0.09 60

(roll good)
Textile 0.04 27
87% waddings
+ 16%
All p.a. All others 0.02 13
other
85%
EU
15% 13%
EU import
share 0.11 0.15
(Bn USD):
+ 8% p.a.
12.45 19.7
N.b.: EU kt + 12% p.a.
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October 2016
Fabric type TechTex imports into Japan have grown by more than 30% between 2010 and
2014. European producers are weak (import share < 10%) and have lost import share
despite a slight growth in sales to Japan (+2% p.a.).
Figure 111: Japan Fabric type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Japan Fabric type TechTex imports

Japan imports
2.16 Bn USD
Key Products
Bn USD %
1.64 Bn USD
Bandages 0.04 29
Specialty fabrics 0.02 14

(uncoated)
91%
+7% Coated fabrics 0.01 7
p.a.
90% All other 0.07 50

All other
EU 8% 7%
EU import
share 0.13 0.14
(Bn USD):
+ 2% p.a.
N.b.: EU kt 4.5 5.1
+ 3% p.a.
1)
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Final Report
October 2016
Yarn type TechTex imports into Japan have doubled between 2010 and 2014. European
producers have lost volume and market share mainly due to decreasing exports of medical
sutures to the Japanese market.
Figure 112: Japan Yarn type TechTex imports 2014
1)
2014 Japan Yarn type TechTex imports
2010 2014
EU Yarn type Japan
imports
0.49 Bn USD
Key Products
BnBn USD
USD %
Medical sutures 0.07 70

0.2 Bn USD
All other 0.03 30
79%
38% Total EU 0.10 Bn USD 100%
All other
+ 21%
p.a.
62%
21%
EU
EU import share
(Bn USD): 0.14 0.10
- 8% p.a.
N.b.: EU kt 0.25 0.32
- 6% p.a.
1)
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Final Report
October 2016
Industrial yarn imports (raw material for Technical Textiles) into Japan have more or less
doubled. European industrial yarn exports to Japan remained insignificant.
Figure 113: Japan Industrial yarn type imports 2014
2014 Japan Industrial yarn type imports
2010 2014
0.09 Bn USD
0.05 Bn USD
+ 17%
p.a.
EU
EU import
share 0.05 < 0.01
(Bn USD): - 15% p.a.
N.b.: EU kt 2.3 1.6
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Final Report
October 2016
Japan is a large importer of made-up Technical Textiles (> 2 Bn USD in 2014). The EU
share remains small, though, at roughly 3% 2014 import share.
Figure 114: Japan TechTex made-ups imports 2014
2014 Japan TechTex made-ups imports
2010 2014
2.78 Bn USD EU Industrial Yarn

2.25 Bn USD
type Japan imports
Key Products
Bn USD %
Nonwoven 0.03 34
garments
97%
Institutional 0.02 17
+ 5% & occ.
p.a. Garments
All other All other 0.04 49
97%
EU
3% 3%
EU import share
(Bn USD): 0.06 0.09
+ 11% p.a.
1.2 1.4
N.b.: EU kt
+ 4% p.a.
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Final Report
October 2016
Conclusions from the Japan TT market and trade analysis (see also Appendix 7): Japan
constitutes a large import market with modest import market share of the EU (10%), driven
by Nonwovens and yarn type Technical Textiles. Loss of sales volumes to Japan both in
yarn type TechTex (e.g. medical sutures) and fabric type TechTex is compensated by growth
in EU Nonwoven exports to Japan.
Figure 115: Japan: EU import position in Technical Textiles
JAPAN: EU IMPORT POSITION IN TECHNICAL TEXTILES 2014
% import % EU
CON- IMPORTS IMPORTS CAGR (EU Imports)
(in Mn USD) over con- import
SUMPTION Total FROM EU vs. 2013 vs. 2010
sumption share
Yarn Type 879 492 44% 100 20% - 1% - 8%
Fabric Type 6,444 2,160 34% 133 6% - 2% + 1%
Nonwoven 2,082 1,102 52% 146 13% + 8% + 7.5%
Total 9,405 3,754 40% 379 10% + 2% + 0.8%
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.4.6. Japan Key trends

D.6.4.6.1. Quantitative Japan export performance of the EU in
Figure 116: The short list of products - Japan (1/2)
Source: UN Comtrade
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Final Report
October 2016
Figure 117: The short list of products - Japan (2/2)
Source: UN Comtrade

EU yarn type TT exports to Japan (~ 0.1 Bn USD) are chiefly (> 90%) represented by
medical sutures. As competition – especially from the US producers (having increased
the suture exports to Japan from 31 Mn USD in 2010 to 159 Mn USD in 2014) – is
increasing, EU (and especially German) suture producers have lost market share.
In other non-EU markets – like the USA – EU producers of twines, cordage, ropes and
cable components have been able to partially compensate declining sales in sutures.
Not so in Japan, where sales in this second strongest EU yarn type TT category remain
insignificant (< 5 Mn USD/a).

Overall, the performance of EU producers in fabric type Technical Textiles on the
Japanese market is weak (6% of Japanese fabric type TT imports come from the EU).
In line with a relative strength of EU producers in Medtech products, medical bandages
(EU sales 2014 in Japan 40 Mn USD) show the highest import share (18%). Compared
to the USA, however, also bandages seen to be underperforming in Japan:
EU sales – bandages USA Japan
Mn USD 2014 444 40
% of imports 47% 18%
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Final Report
October 2016
All other EU fabric type Technical Textiles remain on very low sales levels also and
including coated fabrics, where the EU in general is strong:
EU sales – coated fabrics USA Japan
Mn USD 2014 149 10
% of imports 16% 9%
(C) Nonwovens (for details please see Appendix 7)

EU nonwoven imports to Japan are growing (from 109 Mn USD in 2010 to 146 Mn USD
in 2014) without enjoying, nevertheless, the same success as on the US market:
EU sales – Nonwovens (total, all categories) USA Japan
Bn USD 2014 3,500 146
% of imports 34% 13%
The strongest product in the EU Nonwoven basket is to be seen in spunlace (hydro-
entangled) NW reaching 50% of EU NW exports to Japan in 2014 (corresponding to 72
Mn USD) and an import share of 23% (vs. 257 Mn USD and 32% import share in the
USA).
Again, it needs to be mentioned, though, that not product specific strengths and
weaknesses explain the relatively weak (compared to the USA) Japan export
performance of EU TT producers, but EU company size and distribution specific issues
regarding penetration of the Japanese market.
D.6.4.7. Field work insight Japan

customers and 4 institutions in Japan itself and collected the views of 17 EU TT producers
and 4 associations / trade organisations (other than the project steering committee members
Euratex, EDANA and CIRFS) on the Japanese TT market.
Few of the EU producers interviewed by Gherzi in the course of the study had experience
with the Japanese market due to
i. little knowledge of the market itself,
ii. the preference of Japanese customers to buy from local suppliers and
iii. Japan (other than, e.g., the USA) not being considered a priority market.
As there was so little experience in selling to Japan, the know-how on the EU producers’ side
about entry barriers into the Japanese market was very small.
From the side of the parties interviewed in Japan, the main entry barrier was seen in the
decade long collaboration of Tier 3 / Tier 2 / Tier 1 and end user value chain partners with
written and non-written bilaterally agreed norms and standards on how to work together.
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Final Report
October 2016
Often effective standards are set by the industry itself (between sellers and users) and
subsequently formulated into norms by the Japan Standard Association.
This strong web of inter-relationships of Japanese supply partners – where communication
often takes place exclusively in Japanese – is the principle non-tariff barrier for EU TT
producers selling on the Japanese market.
Undercutting Japanese TT producers in price does not help either, as many of them (the
Japanese TT producers) operate factories in non-Japan low cost Asian locations.
D.6.4.7.2. Japan market attractiveness

Overall, the Japanese economy is marked by saturation in demand and a stagnation of
industrial production in the country. Motor vehicle production in Japan, to give an example,
has declined from 9.9 Mn units in 2012 to 9.2 Mn units in 2015 (source: JAMA) and is
expected – at best – to remain on this level. As a consequence
i. Japanese industrial groups are establishing factories outside of Japan for non-
Japanese markets and
ii. Japanese factories are in part reoriented towards higher value added / different
markets like train and aeroplane interiors for car seat giant Toyota Boshoku (27 Mn
car seats p.a. production).
If Technical Textiles are outgrowing the economy as a whole, this is for very specific reasons
in favour of TT use:
 The aging population in Japan favours

o Medtech & Hygiene
o New apartment constructions close to intercity railway connections
o Smart textiles for, e.g., supervision of critical health functions
 Growth of production of hybrid (HV) and electric vehicles

o Use of Lithium ion batteries instead of nickel metal favours NW or coated fabrics /
braids used as battery separators
o Carbon fibre reinforced plastics to reduce the weight impact of batteries in HV or EV
 Smart clothing for Protech, fitness, sports and lifestyle is an emerging potentially 1 Bn
USD market in Japan
 Modernisation of high speed train Shinkansen network (and partially impact of summer
Olympics in 2020) nourishes Geotech and Buildtech growth
EU producers are respected in Japan although showing an only insignificant presence:
380 Mn USD EU producer 2014 TT sales to Japan represents 11% of Japan’s total imports
in Technical Textiles and 4% of the Japanese TT market as a whole.
The main strength of EU producers is seen in downstream (from fibre production) know-how
and TT product portfolio with a weakness in upstream (fibres and polymers) innovation and
industrial capacities.
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Final Report
October 2016

With 10% TT import share EU TT suppliers remain relatively weak on the Japanese market:
i. Language barriers (most commercial communication in Japan is in Japanese only) and
ii. Close knit value chain tie-ups in Japan combined with the strength of the TT industry are
the main reasons – given the chiefly SME structure of the EU Technical Textile industry.
The relative lack of innovative EU produced fibres and polymers (compared to Japanese
benchmark companies like Toray, Teijin or Kuraray) is another success restricting factor
mentioned by Japanese interview partners in the course of Gherzi interviews in Japan.
Given these barriers and the small average size of the EU TechTex producer, working
through Japanese trading houses like Itochu, Marubeni-Intex, Sumitomo or Sojitz
Corporation might be the most promising route to overcome the above mentioned hurdle
rates to selling EU made TechTex products in Japan.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.4.8. Japan: SWOT
Figure 118: Japan – SWOT for EU TT producers
share in yarn type Technical import share in fabric type
Textiles (16%) and nonwovens Technical Textiles (6%),
(18%) industrial yarns (6%) and
• Above average 2014 EU import TechTex made-ups (3%)
share by product: • Below average 2014 EU
 Medical sutures (28%) import share by product:
 Medical bandages (18%)  Twines, cords and
 Specialty filament fabrics ropes (5%)
(12%)  Coated fabrics (9%)
 Spunlace nonwovens (23%)  Curtains & blinds (1%)
 Needlefelt nonwovens  Narrow wovens (9%)
(17%)  Tire cord (zero)
• Recognized (in Japan) know-how  Spunbond nonwovens
in TT end applications and (1%)
specialty solutions • Perceived (in Japan)
• Innovator reputation weakness of the EU in
innovative fibres
• Few examples of successful
Japanese market penetration
by EU producers
• Large Techtex market of 9.4 Bn • Most Japanese TechTex
USD (2014) growing to 12.5 Bn segments carry import duty
USD by 2020 when supplied by EU
• 45% of the market is in Mobiltech producers
and Indutech where Europe is • Generally difficult to address
strong market thus overall TechTex
• Highly regulated market access import share (37%) below the
(norms, certifications,…) could be a US or S. Korea (50%+)
threat as well as an opportunity, as • The Euro has remained strong
it favours professional operators at against the Yen
the expense of ’garage shop‘ type • Strong indigenous nonwoven
price aggressive competitors industry where Japan counts
• Above average growth segments among the early innovators
 Medtech & Hygiene • Many high end specialty fibres
 Buildtech & Geotech for Technical Textiles originate
 Smart textiles in Japan (in parallel to the US)
 Sophisticated nonwovens • Strength and innovation
(e.g. battery separators or potential of the Japanese fibre
Medtech) industry (which is also often
 CF composites integrated forward into NW
• Network of Japanese trading and TT fabrics manufacturing)
houses through which market entry
can be realized
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.4.9. Japan: Summary and key opportunities

D.6.4.9.1. Summary
With a 2014 market size of 9.4 Bn USD Japan is the second largest of the four analysed
TechTex markets behind the USA
At forecasted growth rates of around 4% TechTex demand will increase in Japan by 2.8 Bn
USD between 2014 and 2020.
About 40% of Japanese TechTex demand is imported (compare to 51% in the USA),
corresponding to a TechTex import volume of 3.75 Bn USD in 2014. However, a substantial
share of these imports comes from offshore factories of indigenous Japanese TT producers.
With ~ 0.38 Bn USD TechTex exports to Japan, the EU producer share remains small with ~
10% average import share in 2014.
The import share of EU producers in Japan differs significantly by product family though:
 Yarn type Technical Textiles (21% import share for 0.1 Bn USD EU exports to Japan in
2014)
 Fabric type Technical Textiles (7% import share for 0.14 Bn USD EU exports to Japan in
2014)
 Nonwoven (13% import share for 0.15 Bn USD EU exports to Japan in 2014).
Industrial yarn (raw material for Technical Textiles) and TechTex made-up exports to Japan
remain insignificant.

Given the overall stagnation of the Japanese economy (including vehicle production in Japan
itself) the best approach to improve Japanese market penetration would be to focus on the 6
key TT growth areas in Japan:
- Medtech & Hygiene
- Buildtech
- Geotech
- Smart textiles
- Sophisticated Nonwovens
- CF composites or composite reinforcements.
On top, investing in R&D, distribution and marketing efforts to ‘bring up to speed’ or to

expand traditional EU ‘light tower products’:
- Sutures
- Twines, cords and cable components
- Bandages
- Coated fabrics
- Specialty (like spunlace) nonwovens
… would be important.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.6.4.10. Japan: Conclusions

Opportunities and recommendations (on EU producer level) for the Japanese market can be
Figure 119: Japan – Gherzi strategic priority matrix
Japan Opportunity Matrix

- Smart textiles - Bandages - Medical sutures
- CF composites and - Coated fabrics
reinforcements - Ever more NW innovations
High - Sophisticated Medtech (battery separators, filtration,
…)
- Sophisticated (like
spunlace) nonwovens
Japan - Buildtech & Geotech - Twines, cords & cable compo-
Market textiles nents
Attrac- Medium
tiveness
Low
Current EU Producer
market position in Japan
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Final Report
October 2016

Markets and Opportunities in the 4 Countries

Conclusions and Recommendations from the Study
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Final Report
October 2016
D.7. Conclusions and recommendations from the study

D.7.1. EU TechTex producers in general
In 2014 the EU reached a TT production of 29.8 Bn USD. Between 2010 and 2014 TT
exports to non-EU countries grew by a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 5% to
14.2 Bn USD. Total EU TT export growth in this period (+ 2.66 Bn USD) was generated by:
 Yarn type Technical Textiles: - 0.73 Bn USD (loss of world market shares in medical
sutures)
 Nonwovens : + 2.67 Bn USD

Before this background, the general recommendations for EU TT production as a whole
could be summarized as follows:
i. Working on the improvement of the relative cost competitiveness in products being
produced in larger volumes – especially in terms of energy consumption – will remain
important in the future. This due to the fact, that – in Gherzi’s apprehension – vast
differences in energy prices between individual EU countries and especially the US are
expected to prevail.
ii. As of Gherzi interviews, the key USP (‘unique selling proposition’) of the EU TT industry
is its innovativeness. Maintaining high R&D (Research & Development) levels on
company level, therefore, plays an essential role for the future competitiveness of EU TT
producers on the world market.
iii. The TT industry in Europe is marked by its SME (‘small and medium enterprise’)
structure. At the same time, TT products, because of their functional nature, require a
good local (in the country of destination) sales structure explaining to customers and
end-users the advantages of application specific (‘tailored’) TT solutions from the EU.
More EU companies with a complementary product portfolio than in the past should ‘club
together’ to jointly attack far away markets like the 4 countries having been analysed in
this study.
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Final Report
October 2016
D.7.2. EU TechTex producers regarding the 4 countries

D.7.2.1. Regarding the USA
Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to the US have been growing by a
CAGR of 8% to 2.28 Bn USD. Total EU TT export growth in this period (+ 0.56 Bn USD) was
generated by:
sutures)
The USA TT market is very large (No. 2 in the world behind the EU), growing (≥ 5% p.a. ‘till
2020) and open to EU producer innovations, new product concepts and technologies.
EU producers already enjoy a strong import position, beating Japan to the No. 1 High End
import supplier.
Recommendations from field work in the US and from complementary Gherzi analysis can
be summarized as follows:
i. Exploit market opportunities in above average CAGR (annual growth) sophisticated
non wovens (‘NW’)
a. Mobiltech (growth of vehicle production, lighter cars)
b. Filtration (ever stricter legislation and increasing quality control of products by US
industry users)
c. Geotech (wovens substitution by nonwovens)
d. Medtech (wipes, gowns & drapes, etc.)
e. Digital print fabrics (replacing wovens)
f. New NW technologies (split fibres, bi-component – ‘Bico’ – fibres, NW/film
laminates, etc.)
ii. Respond to Mobiltech opportunities driven by the US government’s 50-52.5 mpg (miles
per gallon) year 2025 target
a. Low weight auto acoustics
b. FRP (fibre reinforced plastics) composite reinforcements and prepregs (pre-
impregnated fabrics)
c. Sophisticated CF (carbon fibre) reinforced composites (like propshafts or
structural = load bearing auto components)
d. Etc.
iii. Generally exploit opportunities in above average growth markets in the USA
a. Filtration
b. Buildtech (sun shading, architectural membranes, roofing, etc.)
c. Smart clothing and industrial Protech (protective apparel)
d. CF (carbon fibre) Composite reinforcements and prepregs
To overcome the two major entry barriers into the US TT market, namely …
- Standards / Norms and corresponding resources required for certification
- Request for shorter time to market
… EU SME companies need to find ways to overcome the disadvantages of scale, such as
e.g. through:
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Final Report
October 2016
- Customer alliances (possibly coupled with exclusivity agreements) for certification

- US distributor agreements or
- Alternatively, joint (with complementary EU TT companies) local US commercial and
logistical set-ups.
Last it is important to be represented in the USA on at least the east as well as on the west
coast. A local US American logistical set up is also often very helpful to shorten the ‘time to
market’ in general judged as too long (for the case of EU suppliers) by companies
interviewed by Gherzi in the USA.
D.7.2.2. Regarding Brazil

Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to Brazil have decreased by a CAGR of
10% to 0.22 Bn USD. Change of EU TT export growth in this period (- 0.12 Bn USD) was
generated by:
sutures)

The Brazil market is relatively small (correlating with low GDP / capita in the country) and
more or less closed to imports of those TT products which are also produced locally.
The low growth perspectives ‘till 2020, expressed by interviewed parties in Brazil, represent
an additional difficulty for EU producers (on top of currency issues in disfavour of EU
production).
Growth in demand for high end EU TT product solutions has to be created (e.g. through
dedicated road shows or TT fairs in the country) and cannot be expected to materialize by
itself as the general knowledge of Brazilian industry federations and end users about high
end Technical Textiles outside of – to give an example – Agrotech, Packtech, Hygiene
nonwovens and Mobiltech seems very weak.
Before this background the Gherzi recommendation regarding Brazil can be summarized as
follows:
i. As borders in Brazil (without ratification of a future Mercosur-EU Free Trade Agreement)
are more or less closed to products which are available from local producers, higher end
solutions need to promoted by EU producers (e.g. via application specific road shows)
where a local Brazilian production has not been set up as of now and where application
specific know-how serves as an entry barrier against local Brazilian producers. Such
products could be found in growing markets for
a) Geotech
b) Medtech
c) Protech (incl. smart clothing)
d) Filtration
e) CF (carbon fibre) composites
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Final Report
October 2016
ii. A government to government initiative could be launched to profit from the planned high
growth in Brazilian agro production for which the EU TT companies could demonstrate
their know-how and expertise, such as in the field of crop protection, irrigation or
greenhouse farming.
D.7.2.3. Regarding South Korea

Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to S. Korea have been growing by a
CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 3% to 0.23 Bn USD. Total EU TT export growth in
this period (+ 0.03 Bn USD) was generated by:
sutures)

Even though small (compared to the US market), the South Korean TT market is established
on a high level of sophistication and thus well suited to EU producer TechTex competences.
The South Korean TT industry is, though, building on a well established, strong local fibre
industry and is striving to replace high end TT imports such as coming from Japan.
Despite an existing FTA (‘Free Trade Agreement’) between the EU and South Korea, the
overall EU TT export volume to S. Korea remains small (below 250 Mn USD). Few EU
companies have established a sizeable presence on this market as of today:
 The EU TT industry is marked by SMEs focusing – regarding non EU export initiatives –

primarily on the USA because of market size
 The strong competition from Japan on the South Korean TT market enjoying advantages
of regional and cultural proximity
To overcome these issues, the EU industry might chose to…
 Concentrate efforts on the most attractive opportunities, where Europe is a highly

respected producer (see S.Korea Opportunity Matrix under § 7.3.9)
 Seek means to overcome the disadvantages of small company size such as

o Shared commercial structures
o Joint commission based distribution agreements with one or a small number of
Korean partners
o Strategic tie-ups like license manufacturing or the like
o Marketing joint venture
o Etc.
Further recommendations for EU TT producers from Gherzi field work in South Korea and
from complementary Gherzi analysis can be summarized as follows:
i. Promote sophisticated nonwovens
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a) Bi-component fibre or split fibre based NW

b) Isotropic (equal NW tissue strength in length and cross direction) spunlace
(water-entangled) NW
c) Wetlaid (ex pulp fibre not unlike paper making process) NW
d) Specialty meltblown NW (produced ex extruded, e.g., PP chips) for, e.g. acoustic
insulation
e) Flushable NW (like wipes)
f) Filtration Non wovens (e.g. liquid filtration, filtration of odours or pollen)
g) Etc.
ii. Exploit areas of EU producer product - strength
a) Cable components / cords / twines
b) Coated fabrics
c) Bandages
d) Filter fabrics (woven)
e) Sophisticated vehicle components (composites, light weight auto acoustics, filters, …)
f) Etc.
iii. Step into rather untouched (by EU producers) opportunities
a) Smart textiles
b) Protech solutions (yarns, fabrics, garments)
c) Sun shading
d) Consumer oriented TT products (artificial leather, hygiene, …)
iv. Invest into IP protection (e.g. patents) in order to build up possibilities (and prerequisites)
for EU TT producers to engage in local (S. Korean) tie-ups having the aim to accelerate
market access in S. Korea
D.7.2.4. Regarding Japan

Between 2010 and 2014 TT exports of EU producers to Japan have stagnated on a level of
0.38 Bn USD. By TT product family the change of exports in this period was generated by:
sutures)
 Fabric type Technical Textiles: ± 0

Japan is an overall growing (in certain TT applications) but difficult to access (for EU
producers) and far away market.
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EU producers have a certain strength in sutures (although the position is eroding under the
pressure from a.o. US American competition) and in specialty NW (like spunlace).
Three more general actions could be envisaged to improve the EU producer position on the
Japanese TT market:
i. Collaboration between Japanese upstream (fibres, polymer) industries and EU
downstream (fabrics, NW, component) TT producers to profit from each other’s strength
by creating value added products to be produced in the EU
ii. EU industry associations could foster B2B linkages between Japanese trading houses
(like Marubeni, Itochu, Sumitomo, Sojitz Corp., Fiber Coordination Services, Asahi Kasei
Advance Co. or Tsubakimoto) and EU TT producers to facilitate the market access in
Japan
iii. Enhanced collaboration between EU R&D institutes and their Japanese counterparts
(such as ITCF or Mikawa Textile Research Center at the Aichi Industrial Science &
Technology Comprehensive Center) for the development of environmentally sustainable
technologies using advanced fibres and composites, smart textiles, advanced Medtech
as well as advanced NW solutions or next generation sutures.
Further recommendations from fieldwork in Japan and from complementary Gherzi analysis
i. Exploit opportunities from above average growth segments in Japan
a) Medtech
b) Buildtech
c) Geotech
d) Smart textiles
e) Sophisticated nonwovens
f) CF composites or composite reinforcements
ii. The European (without CIS) man-made fibre production per capita (around 4 kg/a ) lags
behind Japan (around 5 kg /a - not considering fibre production in countries like S. Korea
by Japanese owned production sites). The Japanese view is, that Japan as a country is
strong in upstream raw materials for Technical Textiles (like polymers and functional
fibres) and Europe is strong in downstream, close to the application Technical Textile
products and solutions. Interviewed Japanese corporations and associations therefor
suggest Japanese / EU partnerships on company level (e.g. EU fabric producers
seeking a collaboration with Japanese fibre producers) to combine the above described
complementary TT strengths profile of the two regions.
D.7.2.5. Regarding support by EU organisations and associations

i. Support the development of next generation sutures (= medical sewing threads). EU
Suture sales to the 4 countries covered by this report have gone down from 508 Mn
USD in 2010 to 243 Mn USD in 2014 (-265 Mn USD or – 17% per annum). Reasons are
new local competitors (S.Korea, Brazil) or loss of market share against especially the US
American competition (such as world market leader - company ‘Ethicon’ – a.o.). A
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focused EU driven R&D effort on ‘next generation sutures’ might stop or even reverse
this trend.
ii. As of Gherzi interviews in the 4 countries, EU TT producers excel in products requiring a
high level of application specific know-how (‘solution provider approach’ instead of
‘product supplier approach’). It should be discussed on EU level if ongoing support
programs or initiatives for Technical Textile specific R&D cover the applications which
give room for the above described ‘solution provider approach’. Examples for such
applications include amongst others:
a. Medtech (on top of sutures)
b. Geotech
c. Reduced vehicle weight (Mobiltech)
d. Filtration
e. Scientific farming (Agrotech)
f. Etc.
iii. Several relatively young (in terms of life cycle positioning) TT areas have been
mentioned during the Gherzi field work as having good future market prospects. There
should be a support on EU level to ‘ramp up’ emerging new TechTex products and
technologies such as:
a. Smart textiles (e.g. for Medical supervision, life style applications like ‘health and
fitness monitoring’, defence or protective apparel related end uses, etc.)
b. New Nonwoven technologies (given the fact that also many market leading
providers of nonwoven machinery are based in the EU)
c. Next generation man made functional fibres (Multifunctional fibres e.g. via bi-
component technology, nano-fibres, new raw materials like basalt or biodegradable
synthetics, ceramic fibres, phase change – e.g. cooling and heating – fibres,
pharmaceutic substance emitting fibres, special fibres for medical prosthesis, wound
healing, or organ reinforcement, etc.)
d. Next Generation composites, composite reinforcements and prepregs (e.g. light
weight glass fibre thermoplast prepregs able to compete with metals, advanced
carbon fibre prepregs, basalt / glass / or carbon fibre based composites as steel
replacement in structural Buildtech applications, etc.)
e. Etc.
iv. Specifically regarding Brazil: The major growth area seen by interviewed parties was
related to the Brazilian Government’s plan to grow Brazilian agricultural output as, e.g.,
through the plan to increase grain production by 50% (compared to the 2015/16 harvest)
till 2025. It might open opportunities to EU TT producers if a dialogue could be initiated
between the EU and Brazil on how EU TT producer experience in scientific farming
(could include a.o. crop protection, irrigation and greenhouse farming expertise) could
support the Brazilian agro-growth initiative.
v. Specifically regarding Japan: Enhancement of the cooperation between Japanese and
EU R&D centres (e.g. for the development of environmentally sustainable technologies
using advanced fibres and composites, smart textiles, advanced Medtech as well as
advanced NW solutions or next generation sutures) to start opening up the traditionally
difficult to enter Japanese market.
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vi. Supporting energy saving initiatives in the EU - TT industry would be a mean to maintain
global market positions when TT products advance on the life cycle curve and thus
become more cost and price sensitive.
vii. In general it is very difficult to establish the knowledge about which standards and norms
are applicable for a given TT product in a non EU country. More initiatives similar to the
Carbon Composites eV (standardization portal which provides information on national,
European and international standards for fibre reinforced plastics) or INDA/EDANA
(flushability project, Nonwovens Standard Procedures). To create an easy to access
data base on relevant standards and norms in a given country would help EU TT SMEs
to expand into so far unknown export territory. The INDA/EDANA initiative might be
duplicated in other TT sectors like Geotech, Filtration, etc. through the creation of trans-
national industry task forces to come to norm harmonization.
viii. In parallel to norm and standards harmonization and information, the possibility to
organise testing procedures in more accredited European laboratories for products sold
in foreign countries (like the USA) will significantly reduce the time, complexity and
ultimately costs for European TT companies. Many European companies interviewed
during the Gherzi field work mentioned the prohibitive cost and time-consuming
procedures related to those tests especially for certain product categories in the USA
and in Japan, where only a small number of local labs is accredited by TT application.
ix. Improve transparency of EU TT sector
 Better statistics tailored to TT by introducing more dedicated TT-related HS codes

 Supplier overviews (“who is supplying what” database) enhancing and
strengthening European-based supply chains
 Market overview fostering acquisition of in-depth market knowledge in specific
export markets for European TT SMEs
x. The increasing importance given to sustainability may lead to the future creation of an
additional non-tariff trade barrier in the form of proliferation of specific and local
Restricted Substance Lists (RSL). Efforts to agree on a common RSL especially
between EU and the USA could significantly reduce the anticipated complexity
generated if numerous RSL are enacted. Following the example of the INDA/EDANA
joint efforts for norms harmonization, the ZDHC (Roadmap to Zero Discharge of
Hazardous Chemicals) programme – initiative gathering 22 leading brands in apparel
and footwear – might be a good example of the way forward.
xi. Protection of intellectual property (‘IP’) is a major issue in Technical Textiles. Some
companies like DuPont in the USA have been making extensive use of patents to
achieve this aim.
Many EU TechTex producers, however, seem to avoid the patent route due to a fear of
disclosing critical company specific know-how, product specifications or recipes. EU
organisations and associations, therefore, need to continue to promote proven tools for
IP protection like patents or registered designs among the EU TT producing industry.
----- END OF MAIN REPORT -----
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Main Report
Start of D.8 (Appendices):

Appendices
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Table of Contents of Appendices
Page
Appendix 1: World market for Technical Textiles 239
Appendix 2: EU market for Technical Textiles 249
Appendix 3: EU trade in Technical Textiles 253
Appendix 4: USA market and trade in Technical Textiles 266
Appendix 5: Brazil market and trade in Technical Textiles 283
Appendix 6: South Korea market and trade in Technical Textiles 300
Appendix 7: Japan market and trade in Technical Textiles 317
Appendix 8: TechTex company profiles by country 335
Appendix 9: TechTex commercial codes 368
Appendix 10: TechTex short list product definitions 380
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Start of Appendix 1:
World market for Technical Textiles
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D.8. Appendices
Appendix 1: World market for Technical Textiles
By product – market segment the 2014 world TechTex market of 28,374 kt splits as follows:
Figure 120: Market segment split 2014 by product i
Man made
Mineralic
Filament other
Spunmelt 2) Airlaid / (glass, basalt)
(kt) 1) Drylaid 3) than glass,
Nonwovens Wetlaid and carbon
4) basalt and
filament 5)
carbon
AGROTECH Ropes, Twines & Nets 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 594.8
10)
All other Agrotech 73.9 19.4 0.0 0.0 181.9
Total Agrotech 73.9 19.4 0.0 0.0 776.7
BUILDTECH Composites 0.0 22.3 0.0 780.0 91.6

Concrete / Cement 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
reinforcement
11)
All other Buildtech 350.5 726.1 0.0 0.0 397.7
Total Buildtech 350.5 748.4 0.0 780.0 489.3
CLOTHTECH Interlining 2.8 142.8 0.0 0.0 57.3

Sewing Thread 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160.0
12)
All other Clothtech 6.5 41.8 0.0 0.0 97.3
Total Clothtech 9.2 184.6 0.0 0.0 314.7
27)
GEOTECH Total Geotech 87.7 393.4 0.0 0.0 339.4
13)
HOMETECH Fibrefill and Waddings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Carpet Backing 83.1 87.4 0.0 0.0 3.2
Ticking (Pillow,
73.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0
Mattress)
14)
All other Hometech 352.5 690.2 156.3 182.0 127.4
Total Hometech 509.5 777.6 156.3 182.0 170.6
15)
INDUTECHT Filters 117.8 196.7 117.2 0.0 36.9
Conveyor belts (LWCB) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120.0
16)
MRG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120.0
17)
Electrical components 13.9 14.6 0.0 1120.0 103.1
Abrasives 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
18)
All other Indutech 164.8 279.9 28.1 682.5 184.8
Total Indutech 296.5 502.8 145.3 1,802.5 564.8
Gowns and drapes
158.0 75.5 0.0 0.0 3.2
MEDTECH (Medtech)
Wound dressing and
14.4 45.3 0.0 0.0 3.2
bandages
All other Medtech and
19) 18.9 36.8 0.0 0.0 8.0
Hygiene
Total Medtech 191.2 157.7 0.0 0.0 14.4
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(continued)
Figure 121: Market segment split 2014 by product ii
Other (non
Synthetic Natural Slit film Total KT
(kt) 6) synthetic) 8) 9)
staple fibre 7) fibres ('tape') 2014
staple fibre
AGROTECH Ropes, Twines & Nets 26.2 0.0 390.5 375.0 1,386.4
10)
Total Agrotech 36.2 0.0 719.0 625.0 2,250.1
BUILDTECH Composites 0.0 0.0 116.1 0.0 1,010.0

Concrete / Cement 142.4 207.6 31.5 0.0 381.5
reinforcement
11)
All other Buildtech 67.3 62.5 39.5 25.0 1,668.5
Total Buildtech 209.6 270.1 187.1 25.0 3,059.9

Sewing Thread 128.6 0.0 78.9 0.0 367.5
12)
Total Clothtech 377.1 7.0 197.3 0.0 1,089.9
27)
GEOTECH Total Geotech 0.0 0.0 193.5 50.0 1,064.0
13)
HOMETECH Fibrefill and Waddings 536.8 0.0 255.5 0.0 792.2
Carpet Backing 16.1 0.0 31.5 125.0 346.3
Ticking (Pillow,
83.5 4.2 39.5 0.0 241.0
Mattress)
14)
All other Hometech 120.6 25.8 245.3 12.5 1,912.5
Total Hometech 757.0 30.1 571.7 137.5 3,292.1
15)
Conveyor belts
32.2 24.4 31.6 0.0 208.1
(LWCB)
16)
MRG 32.2 24.4 15.8 0.0 192.4
Electrical
17) 27.3 36.6 0.0 0.0 1,315.6
components
Abrasives 40.2 0.0 63.1 0.0 115.0
18)
All other Indutech 90.0 29.1 109.0 12.5 1,580.8
Total Indutech 314.3 140.4 251.0 12.5 4,030.2
Gowns and drapes 8.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 252.7

MEDTECH (Medtech)
Wound dressing and 16.1 11.3 78.9 0.0 169.1
bandages
19) 11.3 2.8 15.8 0.0 93.6
Hygiene
Total Medtech 35.5 14.1 102.6 0.0 515.4
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continued
Figure 122: Market segment split 2014 by product iii
Mineralic Man made

(glass, Filament
Spunmelt 2) Airlaid /
(kt) 1) Drylaid 3) basalt) and other than
Nonwovens Wetlaid carbon glass, basalt
4) 5)
filament and carbon
Diapers / women’s
hygiene / adult 1842.3 21.5 207.8 0.0 0.0
Hygiene incontinence
Wipes (hygiene) 26.9 481.6 91.1 0.0 0.0
20)
All other Hygiene 0.0 64.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Hygiene 1,869.2 567.7 299.0 0.0 0.0
MOBILTECH Tire cord 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,067.0

21)
Composites 0.0 0.0 39.1 1,007.5 3.2
Automotive
78.5 320.5 70.3 0.0 0.0
acoustics
All other
22) 25.4 70.4 7.8 0.0 840.1
Mobiltech
Total Mobiltech 103.9 391.0 117.2 1,007.5 1,910.3
PACKTECH FIBC (Big bags) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.7

Yarns / twines and
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115.2
nets
23)
All other Packtech 252.2 32.1 413.2 0.0 32.0
Total Packtech 252.2 32.1 413.2 0.0 166.9
24)
PROTECH PPE 44.3 11.7 0.0 0.0 187.7
25)
All other Protech 44.3 11.7 0.0 0.0 144.3
Total Protech 88.7 23.3 0.0 0.0 331.9
Bags, shoppers,
24.2 25.5 0.0 0.0 511.6
SPORTTECH rucksacks
Sporttech
0.0 0.0 0.0 78.0 3.2
Composites
All other
26) 24.2 25.5 0.0 0.0 249.7
Sporttech
Total Sporttech 48.5 51.0 0.0 78.0 764.5
Total KT Consumption 2014 3,881 3,849 1,131 3,850 5,843
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October 2016
(continued)
Figure 123: Market segment split 2014 by product iv
Other (non
Synthetic
synthetic) Natural Slit film Total KT
(kt) staple 8) 9)
6) staple fibres ('tape') 2014
fibre 7)
fibre
Diapers / women’s
hygiene / adult 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,071.6
Wipes (hygiene) 0.0 1.1 2.0 0.0 602.7
20)
Total Hygiene 16.1 2.8 15.8 0.0 2,770.6

21)
Composites 0.0 24.4 265.5 0.0 1,339.7
Automotive
0.0 5.6 0.0 25.0 500.0
acoustics
22)
All other Mobiltech 38.9 12.2 70.9 0.0 1,065.7
Total Mobiltech 63.0 43.7 344.3 25.0 4,005.8

Yarns / twines and
38.0 0.0 196.9 250.0 600.1
nets
23)
All other Packtech 0.0 0.0 1,611.0 750.0 3,090.5
Total Packtech 38.0 0.0 1,807.9 1,500.0 4,210.3
24)
PROTECH PPE 39.8 28.6 39.5 0.0 351.5
25)
Total Protech 57.7 32.9 122.7 0.0 657.1
Bags, shoppers,
80.4 0.0 71.0 0.0 712.7
SPORTTECH rucksacks
Sporttech
16.4 12.2 0.0 0.0 109.8
Composites
26)
All other Sporttech 103.9 2.8 75.4 125.0 606.5
Total Sporttech 200.7 15.0 146.3 125.0 1,429.0
Total KT Consumption 2014 2,105 556 4,659 2,500 28,375
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By product – market segment the 2014 world TechTex market of 115 Bn € splits as follows:
Figure 124: Market segment split 2014 by product i
Man made
Mineralic
Filament
Spunmelt 2) Airlaid / (glass, basalt)
(M€) 1) Drylaid 3) other than
Nonwovens Wetlaid and carbon
4) glass, basalt
filament 5)
and carbon
AGROTECH Ropes, Twines & Nets 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,046.9
10)
Total Agrotech 169.9 50.5 0.0 0.0 2,696.4
BUILDTECH Composites 0.0 58.1 0.0 5,069.5 372.3

Concrete / Cement 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
reinforcement
11)
All other Buildtech 806.1 1,887.8 0.0 0.0 1,491.0
Total Buildtech 806.1 1,945.9 0.0 5,069.5 1,863.3

Sewing Thread 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 592.0
12)
Total Clothtech 21.2 479.8 0.0 0.0 1,264.8
27)
GEOTECH Total Geotech 201.8 1,022.8 0.0 0.0 1,180.5
Fibrefill and
13) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
HOMETECH Waddings
Carpet Backing 191.2 227.3 0.0 0.0 11.8
Ticking (Pillow,
169.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 148.0
Mattress)
14)
All other Hometech 810.7 1,794.5 390.7 1,182.9 642.6
Total Hometech 1,171.8 2,021.8 390.7 1,182.9 802.4
15)
16)
MRG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 432.0
Electrical
17) 31.9 37.9 0.0 66,81.5 448.6
components
Abrasives 0.0 30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
18)
All other Indutech 379.1 727.8 70.3 4,435.8 1,262.9
Total Indutech 681.8 1,307.4 363.3 11,117.3 2,985.1
Gowns and drapes

363.4 196.4 0.0 0.0 11.8
MEDTECH (Medtech)
Wound dressing and
33.0 117.8 0.0 0.0 11.8
bandages
19) 43.4 95.7 0.0 0.0 2,198.5
Hygiene
Total Medtech 439.8 410.0 0.0 0.0 2,222.2
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October 2016
(continued)
Figure 125: Market segment split 2014 by product ii
Other (non
Synthetic
6) synthetic)
Natural Slit film Total M€
(M€) 8) 9)
staple fibre 7) fibres ('tape') 2014
staple fibre
AGROTECH Ropes, Twines & Nets 125.5 0.0 1,429.9 1,237.5 4,839.9
10)
All other Agrotech 38.0 0.0 1,203.8 825.0 2,936.7
Total Agrotech 163.5 0.0 2,633.7 2,062.5 7,776.6
BUILDTECH Composites 0.0 0.0 417.2 0.0 5,917.0

Concrete / Cement 555.4 1,169.3 110.3 0.0 1,834.9
reinforcement
11)
All other Buildtech 422.8 328.7 183.4 82.5 5,202.4
Total Buildtech 978.2 1,498.0 710.8 82.5 12,954.4
CLOTHTECH Interlining 64.3 24.5 366.9 0.0 1,095.7

Sewing Thread 514.5 0.0 366.9 0.0 1,473.4
12)
All other Clothtech 951.6 16.3 183.4 0.0 1,685.3
Total Clothtech 1,530.5 40.8 917.2 0.0 4,254.4
27)
GEOTECH Total Geotech 0.0 0.0 695.3 165.0 3,265.3
13)
HOMETECH Fibrefill and Waddings 2,172.0 0.0 1,047.4 0.0 3,219.4
Carpet Backing 64.3 0.0 110.3 412.5 1,017.4
Ticking (Pillow,
346.3 24.5 183.4 0.0 872.2
Mattress)
14)
All other Hometech 663.6 154.7 912.6 41.3 6,593.5
Total Hometech 3,246.2 179.2 2,253.8 453.8 11,702.4
15)
INDUTECHT Filters 710.6 124.2 146.8 0.0 2,466.4
16)
MRG 128.6 146.5 73.4 0.0 780.6
17)
Electrical components 154.4 174.0 0.0 0.0 7,528.2
Abrasives 160.8 0.0 293.5 0.0 484.6
18)
All other Indutech 475.4 135.7 424.9 41.3 7,953.1
Total Indutech 1,758.4 696.4 1,085.2 41.3 20,036.2
Gowns and drapes 32.2 0.0 36.7 0.0 640.5

MEDTECH (Medtech)
Wound dressing and 64.3 65.3 366.9 0.0 659.2
bandages
19) 67.3 16.3 73.4 0.0 2,494.6
Hygiene
Total Medtech 163.8 81.6 477.0 0.0 3,794.3
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October 2016
(continued)
Figure 126: Market segment split 2014 by product iii
Mineralic Man made

(glass, Filament
Spunmelt 2) Airlaid /
(M€) 1) Drylaid 3) basalt) and other than
Nonwovens Wetlaid carbon glass, basalt
4) 5)
filament and carbon
Diapers / women’s
hygiene / adult 4,237.3 56.0 519.6 0.0 0.0
Wipes (hygiene) 61.9 1,252.1 227.9 0.0 0.0
20)
Total Hygiene 4,299.2 1,476.0 747.4 0.0 0.0

21)
Composites 0.0 0.0 97.7 6,548.1 11.8
Automotive
180.6 833.4 175.8 0.0 0.0
acoustics
All other
22) 58.4 183.1 19.5 0.0 3544.6
Mobiltech
Total Mobiltech 239.0 1,016.5 293.0 6,548.1 9,022.1

Yarns / twines and
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 489.5
nets
23)
All other Packtech 580.0 83.5 1,033.0 0.0 118.4
Total Packtech 580.0 83.5 1,033.0 0.0 658.1
24)
PROTECH PPE 102.0 30.3 0.0 0.0 2,833.2
25)
Total Protech 203.9 60.6 0.0 0.0 3,459.2
Bags, shoppers,
55.8 66.3 0.0 0.0 2,156.6
SPORTTECH rucksacks
Sporttech
0.0 0.0 0.0 506.9 11.8
Composites
All other
26) 55.8 66.3 0.0 0.0 1,423.9
Sporttech
Total Sporttech 111.5 132.6 0.0 506.9 3,592.3
Total M€ Consumption 2014 8,926 10,007 2,828 24,425 29,746
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Final Report
October 2016
(continued)
Figure 127: Market segment split 2014 by product iv
Other (non
Synthetic
synthetic) Natural Slit film Total M€
(M€) staple
staple
8) 9)
6) fibres ('tape') 2014
fibre 7)
fibre
Diapers / women’s
hygiene / adult 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,812.8
Wipes (hygiene) 0.0 6.5 9.2 0.0 1,557.6
20)
Total Hygiene 64.3 16.3 73.4 0.0 6,676.6

21)
Composites 0.0 1,16.0 983.3 0.0 7,756.8
Automotive
0.0 32.6 0.0 82.5 1,304.9
acoustics
22)
All other Mobiltech 222.1 58.0 257.2 0.0 4,342.9
Total Mobiltech 318.6 2,14.8 1,277.1 82.5 19,011.7
PACKTECH FIBC (Big bags) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,650.0 1,700.2

Yarns / twines and
146.2 0.0 698.2 825.0 2,158.8
nets
23)
All other Packtech 0.0 0.0 5,656.5 2,475.0 9,946.4
Total Packtech 146.2 0.0 6,354.7 4,950.0 13,805.5
24)
PROTECH PPE 705.0 171.0 183.4 0.0 4,025.0
25)
All other Protech 303.1 24.5 327.6 0.0 1,413.5
Total Protech 1,008.1 195.5 511.1 0.0 5,438.4
Bags, shoppers,
321.6 0.0 293.7 0.0 2,893.9
SPORTTECH rucksacks
Sporttech
180.7 58.0 0.0 0.0 757.5
Composites
26)
All other Sporttech 460.3 16.3 290.9 412.5 2,726.1
Total Sporttech 962.6 74.3 584.6 412.5 6,377.4
Total M€ Consumption 2014 10,340 2,997 17,574 8,250 115,093
- 247 -
Final Report
October 2016
Market segmentation Technical Textiles (Notes)

1)
Includes Spunbond, SMS and Meltblown Non Wovens
2)
Includes thermal bonded and chemical bonded, as well as needlefelt, stitchbonded and
spunlaced nonwovens
3)
Includes airlaid and wet laid nonwovens
4)
Continuous filament, tape or roving based FRP reinforcements only. All tons shown are without
plastic matrix material
5)
Mainly PET (e.g. for tire cord or coated fabrics), PA (e.g. for MRG), PP (e.g. for ropes and nets)
and Viscose (e.g. for tire cord)
6)
Mainly PET, PP and PA
7)
Viscose, Metal fibres, Glass staple fibres, Basalt fibres…
8)
Cotton, Jute, Hemp, Kenaf, Wool.
9)
Extruded thermoplastic film slit into individual small width tapes for subsequent weaving or
knitting into fabric, to give an example. Chiefly made of PE or PP (e.g. for big bags - FIBC)
10)
Crop covers / Corp protection, aggrotech tarpaulins, nettings for crop collection, capillary matting
(e.g. for horticulture) etc.
11)
Roofing, House wrap, Awnings / Canopies, Architectural Membranes / Temporary Buildings,
Tarpaulins, Scaffolding Nets / Hoardings, etc.
12)
Shoe components / laces, Waddings, Labels, zippers, etc.
13)
Fibre fill for e.g. duvets and pillows and waddings for fibre quilts
14)
Hometech wipes / dust cloth, Filters (such as for vacuum cleaners or HVAC), Non ticking
mattress components, FR furniture fabric, FR curtain fabric and tape, etc. Nota bene: sewing
threads used in Hometech covered under Clothtech
15)
Air and liquid filters, w.o. cigarette filters
16)
Hoses, belts, compensators, etc.
17)
Cable components, battery separators, electrical composites
18)
Brushes, wipes, cigarette filters, PMC, Seals & Gaskets, fibrefill (e.g. for insulation), non-
electrical composites, ropes and nets (e.g. for lifting), miscellaneous coated fabrics (robot
encasings, spray booth protection, industrial doors, etc.)
19)
Sterile packaging, artificial veins, orthopaedic composites & bandages, compression stockings,
medical wipes, etc.
20)
Mattress protectors, incontinence covers (for mattresses), cotton wool and pads (bleached), etc.
21)
High performance FRP for cars, commercial vehicles, boats, trains, planes, metro cars, etc.
22)
Belts, airbags, car interior fabrics, carpet (passenger compartment, trunk), trims-ropes and nets,
sun shading, etc. Nota bene: Filters used in Mobiltech covered under Indutech
23)
Teabags, sacks, miscellaneous packaging
24)
Personal Protection equipment (FR, Ballistic protection, Heat insulation, Coldroom clothing,
Chemical protection, Electric arc, metal splash, FWC)
25)
Dust protection, clean room clothing, Hi-Vis part of work wear, ropes and harnesses, etc. Nota
bene: a) traditional (Polyester-Cotton) work wear not counted under Technical Textiles and b)
face masks counted under Indutech (filtration)
26)
Boat covers, Bookcloth, Artificial Leather substrates, sail cloth, ropes & nets (for Sporttech),
artificial turf, airport fabrics, sleeping bag fabrics fillings, flags and banners, webbings (such as for
dogs or horses), etc. Nota Bene: without outdoor apparel
27)
Total Geotech now includes Oekotech (Pond and Pit liners, Geomembranes (waste dump liners),
shore liners / erosion control, canal liners, etc.)
- 248 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 1:
World market for Technical Textiles
EU market for Technical Textiles
- 249 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 2: EU market for Technical Textiles
Figure 128: EU TechTex market: Fibre Break-up i
Spunmelt Drylaid Airlaid / Wetlaid Man made

(kt) Mineralic
NW NW NW Filament
TOTAL KT 2014 * 1,129 976 297 646 701
Polyester HT fil. 0 0 0 0 288

Nylon 6 0 0 0 0 63
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 58
Sutures 0 0 0 0 1
PP Polymer 891 0 0 0 0
PP fibres 0 302 101 0 0
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 54
PE Polymer 83 0 0 0 0
Viscose fibre 0 39 0 0 0
Viscose Fil. 0 0 0 0 8
PET Polymer 154 0 0 0 0
PET fibres 0 446 0 0 0
Polyester Regular 0 0 0 0 192
Nylon Regular 0 0 0 0 28
Acrylic / Modac 0 7 0 0 0
Aramid staple 0 2 8 0 0
Aramid filament 0 0 0 0 9
Other Organic 0 6 0 0 0
Glass 0 3 13 0 0
Metal 0 0 0 0 0
Cotton 0 67 0 0 0
Bast fibre 0 26 0 0 0
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 639 0
Basalt Fil. 0 0 0 1 0
Carbon Fil. 0 0 0 6 0
BICO 0 46 10 0 0
Wood Pulp 0 32 165 0 0
* Based on World average data
- 250 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU TechTex market: Fibre Break-up (cont’d)

Figure 129: EU TechTex market: Fibre Break-up ii
Other (non
Synthetic Slit film Total KT
(kt) synthetic) Natural fibres
staple fibre ('tape') 2014
staple fibre
TOTAL KT 2014 * 366 104 648 417 5284

Nylon 6 11 0 0 0 73
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 58
Sutures 0 0 0 0 1
PP Polymer 0 0 0 417 1,308
PP fibres 35 0 0 0 437
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 54
PET fibres 280 0 0 0 725
Glass 0 46 0 0 61
Metal 0 46 0 0 46
Cotton 0 0 110 0 177
Bast fibre 0 0 538 0 564
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 0 639
BICO 0 0 0 0 56
Wood Pulp 0 0 0 0 198
- 251 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Techtex market: Segment-wise

Figure 130: EU Techtex market: Segment-wise
Spunmelt Drylaid Airlaid / Man made

(kt) Mineralic*
NW NW Wetlaid NW Filament**
Agrotech 40.7 26.5 0.0 0.0 15.4
Buildtech 114.9 149.0 0.0 134.0 60.6
Clothtech 1.3 26.2 0.0 0.0 44.7
Geotech 31.0 69.3 0.0 0.0 2.5
Hometech 145.9 234.6 62.1 43.2 40.5
Indutech 109.2 100.5 54.0 297.1 100.8
Medtech 66.1 28.0 0.0 0.0 3.5
Hygiene 443.7 134.8 71.0 0.0 0.0
Mobiltech 70.1 150.8 22.7 160.4 285.5
Packtech 75.4 31.4 82.6 0.0 33.4
Protech 13.6 7.3 5.0 0.0 19.7
Sporttech 16.9 17.2 0.0 11.1 94.6
Total KT 1,129.0 975.5 297.5 645.8 701.1
Other (non
Synthetic
(kt) synthetic) Natural fibres Slit film ('tape') Total KT 2014
staple fibre
staple fibre
Agrotech 2.8 0.0 40.9 48.6 175.0
Buildtech 28.8 50.0 24.6 4.6 566.6
Clothtech 53.6 1.0 28.0 0.0 154.8
Geotech 0.0 0.0 24.2 6.3 133.3
Hometech 154.7 7.1 60.7 32.6 781.4
Indutech 62.8 28.0 50.1 2.5 805.1
Medtech 8.6 3.4 14.7 0.0 124.3
Hygiene 3.8 0.7 3.7 0.0 657.7
Mobiltech 12.2 8.5 61.8 4.8 776.8
Packtech 7.6 0.0 311.5 299.9 841.9
Protech 5.6 3.2 9.4 0.0 63.7
Sporttech 25.5 2.1 17.8 17.8 202.9
Total KT 365.9 104.0 647.6 417.2 5,284
* Mineralic (glass, basalt) and carbon filament
** Man made Filament other than glass, basalt and carbon
- 252 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 2:
EU market for Technical Textiles
EU trade in Technical Textiles
- 253 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 3: EU trade in Technical Textiles

EU Yarn type TechTex trade (key countries): In volume, USA is the No. 1 export country and
China the No. 1 import country.
Figure 131: EU Yarn type TechTex trade (key countries) – without DU products
EU Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 12.25 26.30 31.82 35.18 40.30 200.36
Turkey 3.12 7.96 7.57 8.00 9.65 72.54
Serbia 0.00 0.00 0.86 4.85 5.65 28.58
India 2.93 3.31 3.36 3.54 5.15 24.62
USA 3.46 1.98 3.62 3.32 3.42 418.95
Rep. of Korea 2.41 2.81 1.91 2.40 2.48 21.98
Brazil 4.55 3.89 2.32 4.98 2.13 30.41
Switzerland 2.38 2.32 2.14 2.07 2.12 139.66
Pakistan 1.31 1.32 1.59 1.67 1.65 4.05
Madagascar 1.65 0.61 1.30 1.84 1.64 9.18
Others 22.99 20.53 15.71 12.27 13.84 143.07
Total kt 57.06 71.03 72.20 80.12 88.04
Total MUSD 396.84 606.36 857.22 1,043.64 1,093.39
USA 3.46 1.98 3.62 3.32 3.42 418.95
S. Korea 2.41 2.81 1.91 2.40 2.48 21.98
Brazil 2.32 4.98 2.13 30.41
Japan 0.56 0.44 0.52 16.55
EU Yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
USA 11.07 11.17 10.18 15.85 21.37 288.40
Norway 2.56 3.47 5.34 4.80 7.51 58.35
Canada 6.57 3.64 4.07 5.36 5.82 27.22
Other Europe,
0.00 6.29 0.00 0.00 5.68 30.54
nes
Tunisia 3.31 2.27 5.01 3.89 3.23 31.34
Russian
0.66 1.88 3.00 3.74 3.19 234.13
Federation
Turkey 2.60 2.80 2.42 2.51 2.89 49.45
Morocco 3.37 2.37 3.17 2.68 2.53 29.14
Switzerland 2.35 2.16 2.53 2.48 2.30 67.14
Ukraine 0.58 1.84 1.80 2.61 2.18 21.22
Others 22.49 26.77 31.38 32.10 34.05 868.69
Total kt 55.57 64.65 68.90 76.02 90.75
Total MUSD 574.54 915.01 2,270.73 1,473.81 1,685.62

USA 10.18 15.85 21.37 288.40
Brazil 1.10 0.93 0.94 20.66
S. Korea 0.81 0.62 0.67 37.09
Japan 0.24 0.30 0.34 79.75
Source: UN Comtrade
- 254 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Yarn Trade: In value Medical Sutures and ropes & cables are the two main export
products.
Figure 132: EU Yarn trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
EU Yarn type Imports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
5607 21.69 26.78 27.38 32.42 34.88 161.16
5609 5.23 9.76 13.23 15.50 17.94 69.35
5401 5.01 7.72 5.40 7.03 8.67 77.21
5508 10.94 11.20 8.35 8.51 8.67 45.56
5606 3.27 6.70 7.72 5.94 6.92 90.83
5604 3.99 4.26 4.29 4.52 4.88 35.03
300610 0.96 1.41 2.40 2.42 2.31 568.50
5204 4.28 2.08 2.29 2.24 2.18 18.36
5605 1.69 1.11 1.14 1.54 1.60 27.40
Total kt 57.06 71.03 72.20 80.12 88.04
Total MUSD 396.84 606.36 857.22 1,043.64 1,093.39
EU Yarn type Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
5607 30.34 39.19 37.51 50.37 64.85 376.93
5401 5.72 5.65 7.28 6.96 7.09 148.93
5604 2.40 6.20 6.84 4.39 4.97 64.96
5606 6.45 6.12 3.52 4.08 4.43 75.82
300610 1.55 1.69 4.05 2.47 2.57 897.27
5609 1.35 1.96 2.94 2.42 2.28 19.83
5204 2.69 1.54 3.86 2.75 2.26 19.83
5508 4.35 2.02 2.47 2.05 1.74 26.99
5605 0.71 0.28 0.41 0.53 0.56 29.07
Total kt 55.57 64.65 68.90 76.02 90.75
Total MUSD 574.54 915.01 2,270.73 1,473.81 1,685.62

Source: UN Comtrade
HS Codes Description
300610 Sterile surgical catgut, similar sterile matter, etc.
5204 Cotton sewing thread, whether or not put up for retail sale
5401 Sewing thread of man-made filaments, whether or not put up for retail sale
5508 Sewing thread of man-made staple fibres, whether or not put up for retail sale
Rubber Thread and cord, Textile covered, Textile yarn, Impregnated coated,
5604 covered, sheathed with rubber
Metallized yarn, whether or not gimped being textile yarn, strip or powder or
5605 covered with metal
5606 Gimped Yarn & Strip, 5404/5405 Chenille Yarn, Loop Wale-Yarn
5607 Twine, Cordage, Rope & Cables, Coated etc. or Not
5609 Article of yarn, strip or the like heading 5404 or 5405, Twine, cordage, NES
- 255 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Fabric type TechTex trade: In volume, USA is the No. 1 export country and China the No.
1 import country.
Figure 133: EU Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
EU Fabric type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 MUSD
2010
China 43.3 189.2 395.2 372.5 402.4 2255.7
India 71.5 85.4 119.8 153.5 176.6 551.6
Turkey 70.4 119.2 119.9 112.9 115.4 629.1
USA 38.5 41.9 47.9 37.1 38.3 571.2
Rep. of Korea 17.1 19.6 27.4 31.9 32.1 231.5
Vietnam 6.7 16.1 18.8 22.5 24.7 81.0
Bangladesh 16.2 11.0 16.4 17.4 22.5 54.6
Other Asia,
17.9 14.1 11.9 12.4 14.6 119.0
nes
Indonesia 12.1 12.1 14.5 17.5 14.5 45.7
Switzerland 12.6 14.3 15.3 12.7 13.3 389.9
Others 70.5 95.2 114.5 104.1 117.5 843.4
Total kt 376.7 618.1 901.6 894.5 972.1
Total MUSD 2,133.8 3,403.7 4,976.6 5,377.9 5,772.8

USA 47.9 37.1 38.3 571.2
S. Korea 27.4 31.9 32.1 231.5
Japan 5.97 4.89 4.68 108.8
Brazil 1.14 1.24 1.58 12.86
EU Fabric type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
USA 40.2 67.8 52.9 64.6 64.6 1,118.3
Switzerland 20.1 26.1 31.8 30.7 33.4 515.3
Turkey 17.4 23.2 28.9 31.7 32.5 320.0
Russian
14.6 29.8 25.7 32.6 30.2 351.3
Federation
China 4.3 8.5 20.0 23.0 25.2 513.5
Morocco 8.5 11.7 16.3 17.7 18.4 221.6
Norway 12.3 15.4 15.9 14.7 15.7 196.8
Ukraine 4.3 12.9 12.6 14.6 11.9 129.4
Brazil 4.7 4.7 7.1 9.1 11.9 119.3
Tunisia 9.6 11.1 13.3 10.8 9.5 158.4
Others 140.3 133.3 155.9 164.0 156.3 2,315.4
Total kt 276.3 344.4 380.4 413.5 409.5
Total MUSD 2,545.3 3,942.6 5,356.1 5,750.3 5,959.4
USA 52.9 64.6 64.6 1,118.3
Brazil 7.1 9.1 11.9 119.3
S. Korea 3.74 6.03 5.99 90.8
Japan 4.35 5.16 4.76 108.3
Source: UN Comtrade
- 256 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Key Fabric trade: Coated fabrics and bandages (wound dressing) are the two most
important export items. (for HS code details see Appendix 9.1)
Figure 134: EU Key Fabric trade 2010-2014 – without DU products
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
630532 167.67 190.18 207.87 682.5
3005 91.98 94.96 97.68 1,182.9
5903 78.43 88.44 97.34 617.11
630392 73.11 73.56 81.99 700.88
630533 69.96 72.23 75.17 199.29
5902 51.2 61.26 69.00 289.35
701931 35.14 43.86 46.22 83.72
540720 23.79 27.87 34.11 102.41
5806 22.06 22.59 26.36 244.44
5608 23.57 21.30 25.33 145.26
5906 19.94 20.53 22.37 131.69
701959 51.13 22.01 20.99 100.35
701940 22.7 23.73 20.28 53.74
531010 21.64 18.17 20.23 33.84
540710 11.21 13.78 16.22 167.27
5911 12.33 13.08 16.10 361.05
701932 23.26 11.35 15.14 77.46
5901 20.30 14.14 14.04 56.19
701952 17.29 11.37 12.87 59.15
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
5903 75.40 88.90 94.58 1,171.54
5911 33.44 34.43 34.06 895.71
3005 36.24 34.26 33.97 1,302.77
540720 24.59 37.47 25.74 129.05
701931 21.77 25.63 22.74 92.48
5906 19.92 23.91 21.44 261.92
701932 13.15 13.74 20.65 122.58
5806 19.02 18.62 18.97 316.07
5608 15.04 17.30 18.54 158.2
701959 15.40 17.34 15.98 192.67
540710 12.51 13.53 13.13 181.14
5902 19.6 11.58 12.89 61.09
5909 7.20 9.87 8.89 112.19
630532 9.18 8.82 8.62 49.38
701940 6.73 6.26 8.14 37.10
5907 8.46 6.78 7.56 107.65
5910 8.49 10.40 7.09 142.62
630392 4.05 5.58 6.61 139.98
570250 3.21 4.99 5.19 47.29
Source: UN Comtrade
- 257 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Key Fabric trade: Coated fabrics and bandages (wound dressing) are the two most
important export items
Figure 135: EU Key Fabric trade 2010-2014 – without DU products
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
5907 11.80 10.27 9.83 91.29
630399 13.38 7.97 9.16 80.37
520811 12.73 7.71 6.51 53.76
5910 2.97 4.79 4.86 41.67
5909 2.91 3.04 4.40 30.05
570250 4.53 4.52 4.29 19.67
520821 5.22 3.30 3.79 28.26
5807 2.02 2.23 2.82 72.68
531090 1.10 0.99 1.74 3.52
540810 2.28 1.57 1.69 26.34
701951 3.41 1.74 1.52 9.88
5803 0.98 0.89 1.14 11.33
551229 1.23 0.83 0.75 8.01
5908 0.13 0.14 0.18 7.21
5809 0.10 0.08 0.12 3.05
580230 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.71
Total kt 901.61 894.53 972.20
Total MUSD 4,976.64 5,377.87 5,772.78
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
5807 5.69 4.23 4.13 145.04
5901 4.57 4.57 3.98 41.16
551229 3.29 3.82 3.84 76.39
630533 3.04 2.3 2.82 11.21
701952 2.84 2.39 2.52 36.21
701951 1.08 0.61 1.89 16.98
580230 0.87 1.61 1.38 8.69
540810 1.28 1.06 0.99 27.45
630399 0.69 0.84 0.87 37.44
520811 1.57 1.14 0.51 10.28
531010 0.33 0.36 0.51 1.34
5908 0.8 0.44 0.42 12.27
520821 0.84 0.23 0.41 7.65
531090 0.06 0.32 0.32 2.17
5809 0.32 0.28 0.32 6.23
5803 0.12 0.13 0.09 3.62
Total kt 380.79 413.74 409.79
Total MUSD 5,356.16 5,750.27 5,959.41
Source: UN Comtrade
For details on HS Codes please see Appendix 9.1.
- 258 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Nonwoven type TechTex trade (Key countries): Russia and the USA were the two top
export countries in 2014.
Figure 136: EU Nonwoven type TechTex trade (Key countries) 2010-2014
EU Nonwoven type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 14.2 47.0 117.7 153.4 186.4 795.3
Turkey 12.1 24.9 32.5 63.0 77.1 289.3
USA 49.6 78.6 63.4 56.2 58.4 470.8
Pakistan 14.6 26.8 42.7 40.8 51.9 353.6
Switzerland 23.4 25.9 17.4 44.3 41.7 189.8
Israel 16.5 29.3 35.8 33.1 32.8 124.4
India 2.2 7.7 11.5 12.7 12.6 79.5
Saudi Arabia 0.7 3.6 4.7 11.7 12.5 37.6
Canada 1.9 1.5 1.9 6.7 10.0 68.8
Russian
1.0 1.5 12.3 5.1 9.6 37.4
Federation
Others 34.4 52.6 53.3 61.0 75.3 467.8
Total kt 170.7 299.3 393.3 488.1 568.2
Total MUSD 876.1 1,366.6 1,993.4 2,542.7 2,914.2
USA 63.4 56.2 58.4 470.8
Japan 7.66 7.29 7.52 100.4
S. Korea 3.85 4.06 5.71 46.0
Brazil 1.20 0.36 0.32 1.5
EU Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Russ. Feder. 20.1 41.0 35.7 141.7 132.4 782.2
USA 36.0 51.0 53.1 63.8 73.6 525.2
Turkey 18.5 31.6 41.8 62.4 68.0 356.2
Switzerland 20.5 22.4 34.3 66.8 64.9 438.1
Ukraine 3.7 17.8 13.9 64.7 53.5 246.1
Norway 6.2 9.2 12.5 41.6 42.0 224.0
China 5.8 10.3 22.3 28.7 30.8 245.1
South Africa 2.6 3.3 6.4 27.5 29.0 154.0
Australia 6.5 6.1 4.5 26.3 27.9 129.4
Serbia 0.0 0.0 6.3 21.0 23.6 123.4
Others 102.7 110.3 166.5 285.0 302.4 1,820.7
Total kt 222.6 303.1 397.2 829.5 848.2
Total MUSD 987.7 1,620.4 2,372.9 4,849.8 5,044.4
USA 53.1 63.8 73.6 525.2
Japan 12.45 17.87 19.73 146.1
Brazil 6.18 7.10 7.34 47.8
S. Korea 4.24 6.68 6.44 66.7
Source: UN Comtrade
- 259 -
Final Report
October 2016
NW roll good (5603) is the main EU export item.

Figure 137: EU Nonwoven trade 2010-2014
EU Nonwoven type Imports
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
5603 175.59 206.86 245.98 1,195.39

961900 0.00 85.66 93.10 429.05
630232 51.25 52.93 60.75 377.47
630222 47.00 40.65 48.02 339.15
701939 50.11 37.59 45.00 134.15
5602 19.80 20.24 25.21 75.53
5601 24.71 18.65 20.63 141.61
630253 18.12 15.82 18.29 121.23
630293 6.70 9.69 11.22 100.61
Total kt 393.2888 488.0884 568.2031
Total MUSD 1,993.357 2,542.653 2,914.201
EU Nonwoven type Exports
kt
Area 2010 2014 2014 MUSD
2013
961900 0 379.05 384.59 2,067.03
5603 296.46 340.51 342.63 2,069.25
5601 47.31 45.04 46.68 512.04
701939 26.46 38.14 46.65 164.46
5602 23.60 22.68 23.14 166.54
630232 1.34 1.89 1.83 24.74
630222 1.06 1.35 1.53 20.84
630253 0.57 0.49 0.62 12.60
630293 0.39 0.36 0.48 6.94
Total kt 397.19 829.51 848.16
Total MUSD 2,372.90 4,849.82 5,044.44
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Final Report
October 2016
5601 Text wadding & articles; Text fibres Nov 5 Mm, etc.
5602 Felt, impregnated, coated, etc. or not
5603 Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated etc.
6302 22 10 Nonwovens - Printed bedlinen of nonwovens of man-made fibres
6302 32 10 Nonwovens - Bedlinen of nonwovens of man-made fibres (excl. printed)
6302 53 10 Nonwovens - Table linen of nonwovens of man-made fibres
6302 93 10 Nonwovens - Toilet linen and kitchen linen of nonwovens of man-made fibres (excl.
floor cloths, polishing cloths, dishcloths and dusters)
7019 39 00 Webs, mattresses, boards and similar nonwoven products, of glass fibres (excl.
mats and thin sheets "voiles")
96190031 Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin
96190039 Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin
96190041 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles
96190049 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles
Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies and similar
96190030
sanitary articles, of wadding of textile materials
96190040 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles, of textile materials (excl. of wadding)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 261 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Industrial yarn type (like High Tenacity filament that is raw material for Technical Textiles)
TechTex trade: In volume, USA is the No1 export country and China the No 1 import country.
Figure 138: EU Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2010-2014
EU Industrial Yarn type Imports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
China 2.7 16.7 78.4 88.2 101.5 263.4
Rep. of Korea 20.3 17.5 31.3 35.1 36.4 114.8
Spec. categs. 0.0 0.0 3.8 23.5 23.1 48.5
Belarus 4.7 8.3 14.1 10.1 10.1 30.1
Turkey 5.0 1.2 9.9 7.2 9.4 45.4
Other Asia,
2.8 7.3 13.6 9.5 9.2 24.6
nes
Switzerland 10.9 6.8 10.5 5.5 5.3 29.6
Other Europe,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 21.6
nes
India 6.5 3.9 4.7 4.3 3.6 15.1
Thailand 1.5 2.0 3.7 3.4 2.9 13.5
Others 18.1 11.6 12.4 10.2 8.7 64.5
Total kt 72.5 75.4 182.3 197.0 214.2
Total MUSD 162.3 218.5 546.2 619.7 671.0
S. Korea 31.3 35.1 36.4 114.8
USA 2.25 1.58 1.69 9.32
Japan 2.99 1.20 1.35 31.65
Brazil 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01
EU Industrial Yarn type Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
USA 4.8 7.6 8.5 6.3 6.8 72.1
Other EU, nes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 31.4
China 0.0 0.0 2.9 3.5 5.8 53.3
Spec. Categs. 0.0 0.0 2.9 3.7 5.0 66.0
Turkey 1.7 3.0 2.2 3.6 2.5 13.6
Norway 0.1 0.8 1.6 2.0 1.5 7.0
Switzerland 0.1 0.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 11.2
Russ. Fed. 0.0 0.1 1.6 2.3 1.2 5.5
India 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 9.9
Tunisia 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 3.3
Others 2.3 6.7 8.9 6.3 5.5 50.1
Total kt 9.2 19.7 32.6 30.9 38.0
Total MUSD 24.3 59.5 347.2 288.8 323.4
USA 8.5 6.3 6.8 72.1
Brazil 0.32 1.15 0.91 6.51
Japan 0.34 0.01 0.25 5.19
S. Korea 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.54
Source: UN Comtrade
- 262 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Key products of Industrial yarn trade: In value Polyester industrial yarn is the main EU
import item and Aramids are the main export item.
Figure 139: EU Key products of Industrial yarn trade
EU Industrial Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 MUSD
2010
540220 66.27 71.06 135.92 154.50 165.36 415.00

540219 0.00 0.00 41.47 36.93 39.40 173.76
540310 6.23 4.35 3.69 4.12 8.06 41.76
540211 0.00 0.00 1.25 1.44 1.42 40.51
Total kt 72.50 75.41 182.33 196.99 214.25
Total
162.31 218.45 546.24 619.68 671.03
MUSD
EU Industrial Yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
540220 9.14 17.00 13.20 14.61 16.57 62.42
540219 0.00 0.00 9.32 8.43 10.75 62.42
540211 0.00 0.00 9.78 7.76 10.62 197.71
540310 0.10 2.67 0.26 0.15 0.10 0.90
Total kt 9.24 19.67 32.56 30.95 38.04
Total
24.34 59.54 347.15 288.79 323.44
MUSD
540220 High-tenacity filament yarn of polyesters
540219 High-tenacity filament yarn of nylon or other polyamides
540211 High-tenacity filament yarn of aramids
540310 High-tenacity yarn of viscose rayon filament
Source: UN Comtrade
- 263 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU Made-ups type TechTex trade: In volume, Switzerland and the USA are the No. 1 and
No. 2 export countries and China the No 1 import country.
Figure 140: EU Made-ups type TechTex trade
EU Made-ups type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 136.09 310.73 477.31 433.05 478.56 3,361.80

India 36.51 57.63 97.56 129.83 149.80 526.00
Turkey 48.14 84.25 81.53 82.72 81.93 643.92
Viet Nam 9.17 20.08 26.58 42.19 53.42 300.11
Bangladesh 17.60 25.91 30.60 46.92 49.63 480.51
Pakistan 9.64 16.81 19.61 18.52 19.55 213.70
USA 8.48 5.69 7.90 6.82 17.85 140.34
Indonesia 10.44 9.80 13.73 13.53 13.32 71.51
Thailand 4.95 4.39 10.03 11.44 12.77 85.03
Tunisia 9.91 15.62 11.41 11.56 11.62 247.71
Others 55.67 67.15 66.67 68.42 76.54 986.63
Total kt 346.61 618.07 842.93 864.98 964.99
Total
2,016.36 3,807.12 5,758.69 6,478.95 7,057.27
MUSD
EU Made-ups type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Switzerland 7.92 11.21 15.00 16.38 18.79 374.53
USA 8.26 12.51 7.92 9.92 11.86 317.11
Russian
3.43 9.16 10.54 11.71 9.83 252.71
Federation
China 0.31 1.52 2.53 5.11 8.77 254.97
Norway 7.09 9.93 7.35 8.30 8.37 146.72
Turkey 2.67 4.68 5.90 5.09 5.08 93.33
Morocco 1.11 3.11 1.87 2.21 3.51 25.45
Tunisia 1.85 8.79 2.47 2.78 3.29 50.64
Rep. of Korea 0.73 1.90 1.64 2.53 2.63 57.27
China, Hong
0.65 0.72 0.75 2.50 2.62 205.74
Kong SAR
Others 24.79 27.97 39.25 40.36 42.83 886.21
Total kt 58.82 91.50 95.21 106.88 117.59
Total
646.00 1,364.42 1,741.00 2,428.40 2,664.69
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 264 -
Final Report
October 2016
EU imports from World are as follows:

Figure 141: EU imports from World
------Mn US$------ -----KT-----
Segments HS Code 2010 2013 2014 2010 2013 2014
6307 (Othr) 1800 1988 2273 240 253 320

6305 (FIBC) 764 926 998 264 289 309
Made-ups 6306 (Tarp) 700 676 733 163 132 141
870821 150 202 161 15 19 15
Total 3,414 3,792 4,165 682 693 784
Industrial and
occupational Total 1,833 2,069 2,209 102 105 108
garments
Gloves 611693 221 252 268 13 12 13
Nonwoven 621010 290 366 415 45 55 59

Grand Total 5,759 6,479 7,057 843 865 965
Source: UN Comtrade
EU exports to World are as below:

Figure 142: EU exports to World
------Mn US$------ ------KT------
Segments HS Code 2010 2013 2014 2010 2013 2014

6307 (Othr) 481 618 753 33 36 42
6306 (Tarp) 214 269 285 16 21 23
Made-ups 870821 271 361 390 21 21 21
6305 (FIBC) 69 124 121 15 15 16
Total 1,035 1,372 1,549 84 92 102
Industrial and
occupational Total 460 602 603 7.7 9.1 9.5
garments
Gloves 611693 15.5 22.7 21.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
Nonwoven 621010 230 432 492 3.3 4.9 5.5
Grand Total 1,741 2,428 2,665 95 107 118
Source: UN Comtrade
- 265 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 3:
EU trade in Technical Textiles
USA market and trade in Technical Textiles
- 266 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 4: USA market and trade in Technical Textiles

TechTex market USA
Figure 143: US TechTex market: Segment-wise

Mineralic*
NW NW NW Filament**
Agrotech 8.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 84.1
Buildtech 35.1 74.9 0.0 78.0 49.0
Clothtech 1.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 32.4
Geotech 10.1 45.5 0.0 0.0 39.2
Hometech 134.6 205.5 41.3 48.1 45.1
Indutech 47.9 81.2 23.5 291.1 91.2
Medtech 87.1 59.5 0.0 0.0 5.4
Hygiene 494.2 150.1 79.0 0.0 0.0
Mobiltech 36.5 71.0 15.3 131.3 206.0
Packtech 40.7 5.2 66.7 0.0 26.9
Protech 17.4 4.6 0.0 0.0 65.0
Sporttech 5.0 5.3 0.0 8.0 78.7
Total KT 917.6 723.6 225.7 556.5 723.1
Other (non
Synthetic
synthetic) Natural fibres Slit film ('tape') Total KT 2014
staple fibre
staple fibre
Agrotech 3.9 0.0 77.9 67.7 243.8
Buildtech 21.0 27.0 18.7 2.5 306.1
Clothtech 38.8 0.7 20.3 0.0 112.3
Geotech 0.0 0.0 22.4 5.8 123.0
Hometech 200.0 7.9 151.1 36.3 869.9
Indutech 50.8 22.7 40.5 2.0 650.8
Medtech 13.4 5.3 23.7 0.0 194.3
Hygiene 4.3 0.7 4.2 0.0 732.6
Mobiltech 8.2 5.7 44.9 3.3 522.1
Packtech 6.1 0.0 291.7 242.0 679.2
Protech 11.3 6.4 24.1 0.0 128.8
Sporttech 20.7 1.5 15.1 12.9 147.2
Total KT 378.5 78.1 734.4 372.5 4,710

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Final Report
October 2016
US TechTex market: Fibre breakup

Figure 144: US TechTex market: Fibre breakup i
Spunmelt Drylaid Airlaid / Man made

Mineralic
NW NW Wetlaid NW Filament
TOTAL KT 2014 * 918 724 226 557 723

Nylon 6 0 0 0 0 65
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 60
Sutures 0 0 0 0 1
PP fibres 0 224 77 0 0
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 56
Glass 0 2 10 0 0
Metal 0 0 0 0 0
Cotton 0 50 0 0 0
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 551 0
BICO 0 34 7 0 0
Wood Pulp 0 24 126 0 0
- 268 -
Final Report
October 2016
US TechTex market: Fibre breakup
Figure 145: US TechTex market: Fibre breakup ii
Other (non
Synthetic Slit film
synthetic) Natural fibres Total KT 2014
staple fibre ('tape')
staple fibre
TOTAL KT 2014 * 378 78 734 372 4710

Nylon 6 11 0 0 0 76
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 60
Sutures 0 0 0 0 1
PP Polymer 0 0 0 372 1,097
PP fibres 36 0 0 0 336
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 56
PET fibres 289 0 0 0 620
Glass 0 34 0 0 46
Metal 0 34 0 0 34
Cotton 0 0 124 0 174
Bast fibre 0 0 610 0 630
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 0 551
BICO 0 0 0 0 42
Wood Pulp 0 0 0 0 150
- 269 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA TechTex trade

USA Yarn type TechTex trade: EU is the No. 1 import supplier
Figure 146: USA Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
USA Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 6.2 26.6 35.7 41.0 44.1 249.6
Brazil 43.8 30.3 29.6 23.8 23.5 56.3
EU 28 10.2 14.5 10.9 15.3 18.2 405.9
Mexico 23.0 21.1 14.2 8.3 8.5 62.2
Philippines 6.6 6.7 5.5 6.4 6.5 21.6
India 1.6 3.4 5.6 6.3 6.2 20.1
Vietnam 0.0 1.3 2.2 2.6 3.8 10.6
Rep. of Korea 3.3 4.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 14.6
Indonesia 1.6 0.9 0.8 2.7 3.1 7.8
Canada 5.9 6.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 19.9
Others 25.2 21.2 14.5 10.6 10.1 99.0
Total kt 127.5 137.3 125.4 123.0 130.1
Total
450.9 692.5 790.6 928.9 967.6
MUSD
The TechTex trade balance in yarn type products is positive in favour of the EU
USA Yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Mexico 39.5 23.7 14.3 16.5 16.8 204.5
Canada 11.6 11.6 9.4 11.2 9.5 127.0
Eu 28 3.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.8 308.8
Honduras 3.4 2.1 1.6 1.1 2.1 14.2
Costa Rica 1.0 2.9 0.2 0.7 1.4 13.2
El Salvador 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.2 12.2
China 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 28.1
Dominican
2.5 2.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 11.1
Rep.
Switzerland 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 9.5
Rep. of Korea 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 25.1
Others 7.7 8.0 7.4 13.0 7.1 566.6
Total kt 71.3 55.2 40.8 49.7 45.5
Total
630.1 627.6 961.2 1,335.5 1,320.3
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 270 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Yarn import details: Main EU import product is sutures, going down in export volume to
the US between 2010 and 2014. Overall EU import volumes are increasing in 2014 – after a
sharp decline between 2010 and 2013 – due to the success of EU made twines / cords and
cable components on the US market.
Figure 147: USA Yarn import details 2000-2014 – without DU products
HS 2014 2014 Imports from EU

Description
Code Total Imports Imports from EU28 MUSD
% import
kt MUSD kt MUSD 2010 2013 2014
share
Twine, Cordage, Rope

5607 & Cables, Coated Etc 89.79 310.65 17.88 20% 84.07 27.43 54.41 84.07
Or Not
Article of yarn, strip

or the like heading
5609 27.55 187.91 0.15 1% 11.38 6.28 10.87 11.38
5404 or 5405, Twine,
cordage, NES
Gimped Yarn & Strip,
5404/5405 Chenille
5606 3.18 30.63 0.53 17% 8.89 8.18 7.28 8.89
Yarn, Loop Wale-
Yarn
Sewing thread of
5401 2.77 33.21 0.58 21% 19.68 17.15 18.07 19.68
man-made filaments
Sewing thread of
5508 man-made staple 2.53 12.38 0.06 2% 0.88 0.56 0.45 0.88
fibres
Rubber thread a. cord,
Textile covered, Textile
5604 yarn, Impregnated 2.49 28.98 1.50 60% 19.40 16.34 16.20 19.40
coated, covered,
sheathed with rubber
Sterile Surgical
300610 Catgut, Similar Sterile 1.04 342.88 0.40 104% 131.21 225.19 120.78 131.21
Meter, Etc
5204 Cotton sewing thread 0.82 10.03 0.09 11% 4.14 3.59 5.20 4.14
Metallised yarn,
whether or not
gimped being textile
5605 0.62 10.97 0.18 29% 8.74 3.50 7.67 8.74
yarn, strip or powder
or covered with
metal
Total Without DU 130.84 967.64 21.37 16% 288.40 308.23 240.92 288.40
Source: UN Comtrade
- 271 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Nonwoven type TechTex trade: EU is third largest import supplier.

Figure 148: USA Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014
USA Nonwoven type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 0.5 48.4 91.3 156.2 180.6 1,056.7
Canada 76.9 98.2 32.6 127.8 148.4 828.2
Mexico 16.9 42.5 35.8 96.3 109.4 493.6
EU28 43.5 64.3 57.8 72.8 73.5 525.1
Israel 19.2 23.4 19.1 23.5 26.4 123.1
India 0.3 3.8 8.6 13.3 15.8 58.5
Japan 8.1 8.6 9.4 10.0 11.8 126.7
Turkey 1.0 6.6 4.9 7.5 11.2 55.4
Other Asia, nes 2.2 2.9 5.9 8.1 9.3 45.7
Others 17.8 51.7 41.5 24.8 37,6 168.7
Total kt 186.4 350.6 307.0 540.4 623.9
Total MUSD 849.0 1,568.9 1,562.3 3042.0 3481.8
The EU trade balance in Nonwovens is slightly negative in favour of the USA
USA Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Canada 79.8 107.5 129.1 252.2 253.2 3,500.3
Mexico 69.9 81.5 83.9 110.4 129.8 1,191.2
EU 28 37.6 54.7 65.6 69.1 71.5 667.5
China 2.3 21.5 44.4 35.7 33.4 529.2
Japan 11.5 10.1 16.6 17.0 15.8 204.9
Rep. of Korea 4.6 5.4 6.9 11.3 13.8 101.0
Honduras 5.0 7.6 10.5 12.9 14.3 73.3
Brazil 3.8 5.9 7.3 10.3 10.3 62.6
Australia 2.1 2.3 11.7 16.3 15.2 62.4
Others 36.5 59.4 76.9 115.6 110.2 58.1
Total kt 253.1 356.0 452.9 651.0 667.5
Total
1,091.0 1,678.8 2,165.2 3,420.0 3,500.3
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 272 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Nonwoven import details: Strong growth in Nonwoven imports from the EU between
2010 and 2014 covering more or less all NW HS-codes.
Figure 149: USA Nonwoven import details 2000-2014

Description
%
kt MUSD kt import MUSD 2010 2013 2014
share
Nonwovens, Whether
5603 Or Not Impregnated, 234.94 1,143.31 53.31 23% 377.48 281.76 351.27 377.48
Coated Etc
Sanitary towels (pads)

and tampons, napkins
961900 and napkin liners for 201.63 1,118.94 9.70 5% 58.37 - 39.64 58.37
babies and similar
articles, of any material
Webs, mattresses,
boards and similar
701939 64.76 337.60 6.31 10% 34.96 5.51 10.25 34.96
nonwoven products, of
glass fibres
Bed linen (excl.

knitted/crocheted), of
630232 38.07 213.64 0.13 - 2.67 1.95 1.49 2.67
man-made fibres (excl.
printed)
Bed linen (excl.

knitted/crocheted),
630222 22.13 208.69 0.06 - 1.11 1.54 0.81 1.11
printed, of man-made
fibres
Table linen (excl. knitted

630253 or crocheted), of man- 20.87 190.90 0.07 - 2.67 2.06 1.89 2.67
made fibres
Text Wadding &

5601 Articles; Text Fibres 20.14 112.84 2.73 14% 27.59 22.27 23.80 27.59
Nov 5 Mm, Etc
Felt, Impregnated,
5602 15.32 80.45 1.25 8% 19.82 8.96 15.09 19.82
Coated, Etc. Or Not
Toilet linen & kitchen

linen other than of terry
630293 6.05 75.45 0.02 0.51 0.23 0.31 0.51
fabrics, of man-made
fibres
Total 623.90 3,481.83 73.58 12% 525.17 324.28 444.55 525.17
Source: UN Comtrade
- 273 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Fabric type TechTex trade

Figure 150: USA Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
USA Fabric type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 21.1 202.3 222.8 264.8 280.5 1,921.5
India 21.4 44.1 66.3 84.7 103.6 346.2
Mexico 46.8 66.5 74.3 82.3 91.6 679.9
Vietnam 0.0 2.4 56.1 68.2 73.5 265.6
Canada 84.0 92.7 71.8 70.6 71.9 563.7
EU 28 37.3 47.6 51.5 63.5 64.6 1118.4
Rep. of Korea 16.5 31.1 28.9 25.4 29.0 187.6
Other Asia, nes 12.1 20.5 19.2 23.9 24.4 246.4
Others 68.2 92.3 79.8 93.5 95.9 822.2
Total kt 307.6 599.7 670.8 776.8 835.1
Total MUSD 1,913.9 3,660.5 4,627.2 5,629.7 5,995.4
The TT trade balance in fabric type products is positive in favour of the EU
USA Fabric type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Canada 67.9 96.5 107.2 174.5 180.1 724.3
Mexico 132.1 116.8 112.3 123.6 139.4 1,612.3
EU 28 34.3 30.6 42.2 36.0 36.3 517.6
China 3.0 15.9 15.4 14.9 13.8 176.3
Honduras 10.4 5.8 16.5 10.7 6.3 33.7
Rep. of Korea 2.9 2.1 14.4 5.5 6.2 60.6
Japan 7.8 4.1 4.3 5.4 5.4 110.6
Brazil 2.9 3.0 5.0 4.6 4.8 76.0
Dominican
9.5 9.8 3.8 4.8 4.5 43.8
Rep.
Others 58.0 61.2 67.8 57.1 58.7 701.7
Total kt 328.8 345.7 388.9 437.2 455.6
Total
2,448.7 2,892.9 3,335.0 3,871.5 4,056.8
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 274 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA fabric import details: Imports from the EU are overall increasing in a highly fragmented
sector
Figure 151: USA fabric import details 2014
2014
HS 2014 Imports from EU
Description Total
Code Imports from EU28 MUSD
Imports
%
share
Flexible
intermediate bulk
containers, for the
630532 packing of goods, of 100.63 342.02 0.67 0.7% 6.52 3.29 4.63 6.52
synthetic or man-
made textile
materials
Synthetic filament
540720 yarn fabric from the 97.57 336.06 6.93 7.1% 35.53 32.89 33.76 35.53
strip
Textile fabrics (not
5903 tire cord) coat etc, 97.28 908.47 12.96 13.3% 149.33 82.74 138.63 149.33
plastics
Tire cord fabric of
5902 High Tenacity yarn, 75.86 320.01 0.60 0.8% 5.22 5.22 3.25 5.22
Nylon etc
Curtains, incl.
drapes, and interior
blinds, curtain or
bed valances of
630392 69.38 892.47 0.55 0.8% 9.41 4.99 7.03 9.41
nonwovens of
synthetic fibres
(excl. awnings and
sun blinds)
Sacks and bags, for
the packing of
goods, of
polyethylene or
630533 62.40 197.11 0.13 0.2% 0.76 0.61 0.75 0.76
polypropylene strip
or the like (excl.
flexible intermediate
bulk containers)
Textile products etc.
5911 for specific Tech 59.13 714.64 5.18 8.8% 130.63 120.72 115.71 130.63
uses nesoi
Bandages etc
3005 coated etc or in 58.89 936.79 6.95 11.8% 444.03 307.46 414.37 444.03
retail medic etc Fm
Mats of irregularly
701931 laminated glass 58.03 120.13 6.68 11.5% 26.44 13.45 24.53 26.44
fibres
Source: UN Comtrade
- 275 -
Final Report
October 2016
sector
Figure 152: USA fabric import details 2014 (cont’d)

Description
% import
share
Narrow woven fabrics of
textile materials, with a
width of <= 30 cm (excl.
labels, badges and
5806 similar articles); narrow 31.82 304.42 1.57 4.9% 25.20 19.55 22.34 25.20
fabrics consisting of warp
without weft assembled
by means of an adhesive
"bolducs"
Rubberized Textile Fabr.,
5906 19.54 162.11 2.31 11.8% 26.76 29.80 41.06 26.76
Other Than Tire Cord
Woven fabrics of jute or
of other textile bast fibres
531010 17.11 25.83 0.01 0.0% 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.10
of heading 5303,
unbleached
Textile Book Cov Fab;
5901 Trac Cl; Paint Canvas 15.74 90.42 0.25 1.6% 5.97 5.50 6.88 5.97
Etc
Woven fabrics, incl.
narrow fabrics, of glass
filaments, of width of >
30 cm, plain weave,
701952 weighing < 250 g/m², 8.62 60.79 0.39 4.5% 5.66 8.23 3.88 5.66
made of yarn of a linear
density of <= 136 tex per
single yarn (excl. fabrics
made from rovings)
Knotted Net Of Twine
5608 Etc; Fish Net Etc Of 7.53 46.77 1.16 15.4% 17.90 13.45 17.27 17.90
Textiles
fibres, of a width of > 30
cm (excl. plain weave,
701959 weighing < 250 g/m², of a 7.09 54.59 2.05 28.9% 36.31 18.92 35.81 36.31
linear density of <= 136
tex per single yarn, and
fabrics made from
rovings)
701940 6.72 21.18 1.12 16.7% 6.54 4.73 4.69 6.54
fibres made from rovings
Thin sheets "voiles" of
701932 irregularly laminated 5.65 42.76 6.29 111.2% 40.17 17.53 26.59 40.17
glass fibres
Source: UN Comtrade
- 276 -
Final Report
October 2016
sector

Description
%
share
Textile Hose piping And
5909 4.85 54.27 3.61 74.4% 35.65 13.02 43.00 35.65
Similar Textile Tubing
Transmsn/Convyr Belt,Tex
5910 4.61 61.29 1.05 22.8% 22.86 25.54 20.80 22.86
Mat,Whthr/Nt Reinfcd, Ctd
Woven Fabrics Of High
540710 Tenacity Yarn, Nylon, 4.02 51.73 0.64 16.0% 12.25 14.04 10.93 12.25
Other
Textl
5907 Fabrc,Coatd,Etc,Theatrcl 3.01 43.48 1.11 37.0% 30.08 8.63 16.04 30.08
Scenery,Back-Cloths
Carpets and other floor
570250 2.64 22.00 1.56 58.9% 18.69 9.45 17.26 18.69
coverings,
Curtains, incl. drapes, and
interior blinds, curtain or
bed valances of
630399 2.50 45.47 0.03 1.3% 2.66 1.94 2.25 2.66
nonwovens (excl. of cotton
and synthetic fibres,
awnings and sunblinds)
Gauze (excl. narrow
5803 woven fabrics of heading 1.88 16.00 0.00 0.1% 0.19 0.20 0.29 0.19
5806)
Plain Woven Fabrics Of
520811 Cotton For The 1.74 15.87 0.03 1.8% 0.66 3.09 2.07 0.66
Manufacture
Plain Woven Fabrics Of
520821 Cotton For The 1.64 17.33 0.00 0.3% 0.20 0.44 0.13 0.20
Manufacture
Woven Fabrics Containing
551229 >= 85% Acrylic Or 1.24 24.67 0.49 39.4% 11.64 6.86 11.62 11.64
Modacrylic
narrow fabrics, of glass, of
701951 1.14 12.09 0.07 6.1% 1.72 1.47 1.41 1.72
a width of <= 30 cm (excl.
rovings)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 277 -
Final Report
October 2016
sector

Description
%
share
Labels, badges and
similar articles, of textile
5807 materials, in the piece, in 1.06 33.18 0.08 8.0% 3.39 4.96 4.23 3.39
strips or cut to shape or
size, not embroidered
Textile Wicks For Lamps
5908 0.89 7.69 0.05 5.9% 2.38 1.49 1.88 2.38
Etc And Gas Mantles Etc
Woven Fabrics Of High
540810 Tenacity Viscose Yarn, 0.07 1.36 0.02 27.0% 1.49 0.63 1.37 1.49
Incl
Tufted Textile Fabrics,

580230 0.01 0.04 0.00 2.8% 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03
Other Than Floor Covers
Woven Fabrics Of Metal

5809 Thread & Metalized Yarn 0.00 1.72 0.01 1.19 1.68 1.13 1.19
Nec
Other Woven fabrics of
jute or of other textile
bast fibres of heading
531090 0.00 10.56 0.03 0.79 0.29 0.59 0.79
5303, bleached, dyed,
made of yarn of different
colours, or printed
Total Without DU 830.28 5,995.36 64.61 7.8% 1,118.35 782.88 1,036.25 1,118.35
Source: UN Comtrade
Summary: The highest volume in EU TT fabric exports to the USA is given in
• Bandages for medical use: 444 Mn USD

• Coated fabrics: 149 Mn USD
• Specific use TT fabrics (e.g. for filtration): 131 Mn USD
• Glass fibre fabrics: 47 Mn USD
- 278 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Industrial yarn type (TT raw material, such as Polyester High Tenacity filament)
TechTex trade small import volume from EU:
Figure 155: USA Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014
USA Industrial yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 2.0 11.3 47.1 57.3 80.4 168.1
Canada 0.1 0.6 29.7 33.5 34.3 191.9
Rep. of Korea 14.2 30.9 11.8 15.6 13.6 37.3
EU - 28 10.3 9.8 11.8 8.6 6.9 72.1
Other Asia,
2.6 6.9 6.9 5.6 6.2 14.2
nes
Mexico 11.9 11.0 5.8 4.2 5.8 16.5
Japan 0.8 3.4 3.2 4.3 3.1 33.8
Others 7.8 2.9 4.4 6.3 6.2 41.9
Total kt 49.8 76.9 120.7 135.5 156.5
Total
122.4 205.6 503.4 580.0 576.0
MUSD
The trade balance in industrial yarn is positive in favour of the EU
USA Industrial yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Canada 13.5 5.8 9.5 12.3 11.9 47.1
Mexico 0.5 4.5 8.4 7.9 6.7 38.3
China 0.3 1.1 3.3 4.2 4.4 33.4
Brazil 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 4.2 23.3
EU 28 4.2 1.0 1.2 2.6 3.1 28.8
Thailand 0.0 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.5 5.6
Indonesia 0.0 1.2 0.9 0.0 0.9 3.2
Hong Kong 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 9.6
Others 2.8 4.1 5.7 7.4 3.7 25.3
Total kt 22.4 19.9 32.2 37.1 37.2
Total
61.8 69.6 180.7 226.5 214.6
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 279 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Industrial Yarn import details: Main EU export product to the USA is aramids. Overall
EU import volumes are stagnating (2013-2014) or going down (2010-2014).
Figure 156: USA Industrial Yarn import details 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
High-tenacity
filament yarn of
540219 42.8 228.7 1.98 4.6% 8.76 11.07 9.70 8.76
nylon or other
polyamides
High-tenacity
540220 filament yarn of 105 233.2 1.94 1.8% 7.95 8.74 7.93 7.95
polyesters
High-tenacity
540211 filament yarn of 7.3 106.1 2.93 40.1% 55.41 97.88 52.89 55.41
aramids
High-tenacity yarn
540310 of viscose rayon 1.3 8.0 - 0.0% 0.02 0.23 0.17 0.02
filament
1)
Total 156.5 576 6.85 4.4% 72.14 117.92 70.68 72.14
1)
On top would come imports (chiefly from Austria) of specialty viscose fibres (such as FR or for
specialty nonwoven raw materials), Highly UV resistant PAC fibres (chiefly from Germany) and
possibly UHMW-PE filament from the Netherlands and functional PA and Polyester staple fibres
(like FR or anti-microbial), which are not clearly identifiable by a specific HD code but –
nevertheless – could constitute a significant EU export volume.
Source: UN Comtrade
- 280 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Made-up type TechTex trade:

Figure 157: USA Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014
USA Made-ups Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 119.31 450.72 603.63 600.35 625.60 4,661.35
Mexico 204.94 140.28 104.70 91.35 92.17 893.97
India 37.91 45.94 45.89 59.12 68.49 26.43
Pakistan 39.49 59.37 59.82 62.26 65.94 265.20
Bangladesh 16.75 24.48 38.89 38.79 37.15 359.70
Viet Nam 0.10 8.39 24.11 34.11 34.69 345.17
Indonesia 16.37 16.88 12.98 12.58 12.65 122.14
Honduras 5.73 10.94 11.81 11.25 12.55 130.46
EU 28 8.26 12.51 7.92 9.92 11.86 317.00
Dominican
9.13 9.32 7.22 10.07 10.90 122.41
Rep.
Others 132.32 126.97 74.20 58.10 54.50 935.81
Total kt 590.31 905.79 991.14 987.89 1,026.49
Total
4,953.34 6,207.94 7,015.07 7,888.36 8,179.65
MUSD
The trade balance in TT made-ups exported to the USA is positive in favour of the EU
USA Made-ups Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Canada 78.76 91.16 34.85 43.96 42.15 403.98
Mexico 54.60 32.82 25.00 37.78 36.79 367.28
EU-28 8.48 5.69 7.90 6.82 17.85 140.34
Australia 1.13 2.85 4.45 4.59 4.51 45.92
Germany 6.12 0.54 2.99 4.38 3.49 57.34
Dominican
0.57 0.99 0.70 2.16 2.06 2.95
Rep.
Rep. of Korea 0.80 1.18 2.00 1.64 1.81 51.34
China 3.49 3.18 1.56 1.45 1.48 32.39
Japan 0.50 0.38 0.82 1.23 1.42 24.56
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.71
Others 19.51 22.70 25.94 22.18 12.18 234.43
Total kt 173.97 161.48 106.22 126.19 123.74
Total
1,094.72 1,036.83 1,217.21 1,395.40 1,387.24
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 281 -
Final Report
October 2016
USA Made-ups import details:
Figure 158: USA Made-ups import details 2014

Description
%
share
Made-up articles of
textile materials,
6307 514.46 4,036.60 2.93 0.6% 86.52 57.76 63.66 86.52
incl. dress patterns,
n.e.s.
Sacks and bags, of
a kind used for the
6305 packing of goods, 174.24 618.77 1.20 0.7% 12.92 5.31 10.74 12.92
of all types of
textile materials
Tarpaulins,
awnings and sun
blinds; tents; sails
for boats,
6306 108.32 630.96 3.39 3.1% 46.11 32.26 37.88 46.11
sailboards or land
craft; camping
goods of all types
of textile materials
Garments, made
621010 105.87 742.37 0.17 0.2% 28.15 15.94 24.34 28.15
up of fabrics
Industrial and
occupational
6203-
garments 104.63 1,799.35 0.49 0.5% 48.84 30.91 50.45 48.84
6204
(Considered 11%
of total trade
Gloves, mittens
and mitts, knitted
611693 12.19 262.73 0.02 0.1% 1.43 0.82 1.47 1.43
or crocheted of
synthetic fibres
870821 Safety seat belts 6.78 88.85 3.66 54.0% 93.13 43.38 73.89 93.13
Total 1,026.49 8,179.65 11.86 1.2% 317.11 186.39 262.43 317.11
Source: UN Comtrade
- 282 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 4:
USA market and trade in Technical Textiles
Brazil market and trade in Technical Textiles
- 283 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 5: Brazil market and trade in Technical Textiles

TechTex market Brazil
Figure 159: Brazil Techtex market: Segment-wise

Mineralic*
NW NW NW Filament**
Agrotech 6.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 63.2
Buildtech 12.4 26.5 0.0 27.6 17.3
Clothtech 0.2 4.4 0.0 0.0 7.6
Geotech 2.4 10.7 0.0 0.0 9.3
Hometech 26.1 30.1 8.0 19.1 8.7
Indutech 8.7 13.2 4.3 65.3 28.5
Medtech 7.3 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
Hygiene 82.3 22.6 7.2 0.0 0.0
Mobiltech 5.4 15.3 6.1 52.2 99.0
Packtech 9.4 1.2 15.5 0.0 6.3
Protech 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 7.8
Sporttech 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.9 18.4
Total KT 163.6 133.4 41.0 166.1 266.6
Figure 160: Brazil Techtex market: Segment-wise (cont’d)
Other (non
Synthetic Slit film
staple fibre
Agrotech 2.9 0.0 58.5 50.9 183.1
Buildtech 7.4 9.6 6.6 0.9 108.4
Clothtech 9.1 0.2 4.8 0.0 26.3
Geotech 0.0 0.0 5.3 1.4 29.0
Hometech 38.8 1.5 29.3 7.1 168.8
Indutech 11.4 5.1 9.1 0.5 145.9
Medtech 1.3 0.5 3.9 0.0 19.6
Hygiene 10.9 10.2 25.9 0.0 159.1
Mobiltech 8.3 2.3 17.8 1.3 207.6
Packtech 1.4 0.0 67.7 56.2 157.7
Protech 1.4 0.8 2.9 0.0 15.5
Sporttech 4.8 0.4 3.5 3.0 34.4
Total KT 97.8 30.5 235.3 121.1 1,255
- 284 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up
Figure 161: Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up i

Mineralic
NW NW NW Filament
TOTAL KT 2014 * 164 133 41 166 267

Nylon 6 0 0 0 0 24
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 22
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP fibres 0 41 14 0 0
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 0
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 21
Glass 0 0 2 0 0
Metal 0 0 0 0 0
Cotton 0 9 0 0 0
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 164 0
BICO 0 6 1 0 0
Wood Pulp 0 4 23 0 0
- 285 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up
Figure 162: Brazil Techtex market: Fibre break-up ii
Other (non
Synthetic Natural Slit film
synthetic) Total KT 2014
staple fibre fibres ('tape')
staple fibre
TOTAL KT 2014 * 98 30 235 121 1,255

Nylon 6 3 0 0 0 27
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 22
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP Polymer 0 0 0 121 250
PP fibres 9 0 0 0 64
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 0
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 21
PET fibres 75 0 0 0 136
Glass 0 13 0 0 16
Metal 0 13 0 0 13
Cotton 0 0 40 0 49
Bast fibre 0 0 195 0 199
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 0 164
BICO 0 0 0 0 8
- 286 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil TechTex trade

Brazil yarn type TechTex trade: EU is 3rd largest import supplier
Figure 163: Brazil yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
Brazil Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 0.29 0.62 2.89 5.26 5.58 24.86
Eu28 0.71 0.41 2.23 0.84 0.87 17.89
Other Asia,
0.15 0.05 0.28 1.06 0.89 2.94
nes
Colombia 0.01 0.06 0.46 0.45 0.23 3.39
India 0.32 0.14 0.24 0.44 0.50 3.61
USA 0.23 0.20 0.33 0.37 0.44 28.01
Rep. of Korea 0.31 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.18 1.94
Vietnam 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.25 0.55
Costa Rica 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.18
Thailand 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.36
Others 0.34 0.18 0.33 0.28 0.31 3.47
Total kt 2.43 1.77 6.99 9.13 9.37
Total
18.87 21.10 71.69 88.81 87.21
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
The TT trade balance in yarn type products was negative in favour of Brazil
Figure 164: Brazil yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Brazil Yarn type Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
USA 50.06 30.9 21.27 17.73 18.06 49.74
EU-28 4.55 3.89 2.32 4.98 2.13 30.41
Paraguay 1.05 0.95 0.97 1.12 0.97 4.66
Canada 0.86 0.04 0.74 1.24 0.85 1.68
Argentina 0.52 0.82 0.84 0.55 0.71 12.48
Russia - 0.02 0.13 0.57 0.64 1.41
Peru 0.23 0.23 0.75 0.33 0.36 2.7
Chile 0.81 0.64 0.46 0.4 0.27 6.62
Others 2.7 0.82 0.37 0.12 1.05 37.22
Total kt 60.78 38.31 27.85 27.04 25.04
Total
85.85 83.07 130.29 139.76 146.92
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 287 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil key yarn type TT Imports
Figure 165: Brazil key yarn type TT Imports 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Twine, Cordage,
5607 Rope & Cables, 3.37 17.08 0.64 19% 3.55 2.11 5.28 3.55
Coated Etc Or Not
Gimped Yarn &

Strip, 5404/5405
5606 2.35 15.39 0.09 4% 0.99 0.76 1.29 0.99
Chenille Yarn, Loop
Wale-Yarn
or the like heading
5609 5404 or 5405, 1.40 5.39 0.09 6% 2.61 0.63 2.92 2.61
Twine, cordage,
NES
Rubber Thread and
cord, Textile
covered, Textile
coated, covered,
sheathed with
rubber
Sewing thread of
5401 man-made 0.55 5.05 0.01 2% 0.36 0.41 0.24 0.36
filaments
Cotton sewing
5204 0.34 2.78 0.01 3% 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.22
thread
Metallized yarn,
whether or not
gimped being textile
5605 0.28 2.58 0.01 4% 0.46 0.35 0.25 0.46
yarn, strip or
powder or covered
with metal
Sewing thread of
5508 man-made staple 0.16 1.52 0.03 19% 0.26 0.05 0.34 0.26
fibres
Sterile Surgical
300610 Catgut, Similar 0.07 32.60 0.03 43% 11.79 133.67 8.67 11.79
Sterile Mater Etc
Total Without DU 9.37 87.21 0.94 10% 20.66 143.54 19.44 20.66
Source: UN Comtrade
- 288 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Nonwoven type TechTex trade: EU is 2nd largest import supplier

Figure 166: Brazil Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Brazil Nonwoven type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 0.23 1.36 10.63 15.23 19.06 72.68
Argentina 4.35 5.59 11.56 12.03 11.03 38.18
EU-28 2.69 3.48 6.18 7.10 7.34 47.80
USA 3.52 2.32 5.57 6.74 7.00 44.38
Mexico 0.22 0.11 1.43 6.21 6.28 24.03
Japan 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.07 2.42 15.49
Peru - - - 3.45 2.16 12.36
Paraguay - 1.40 1.04 0.75 1.96 6.75
Colombia 0.02 0.23 0.28 1.21 1.55 7.78
Others 3.35 3.60 2.89 5.18 4.43 16.92
Total kt 14.43 18.10 39.63 57.96 63.23
Total
70.03 73.99 173.77 267.93 286.36
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
The trade balance in NW is positive in favour of the EU

Figure 167: Brazil Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Brazil Nonwoven type Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
Argentina 6.33 9.41 16.54 19.57 17.51 72.74
Venezuela 0.42 2.63 7.48 8.21 8.14 39.42
USA 1.80 15.52 15.40 3.39 4.61 20.08
Chile 0.84 4.87 4.74 4.05 3.80 14.60
Costa Rica 0.77 3.24 5.28 4.05 3.77 11.55
Colombia 0.71 1.92 3.18 6.73 3.68 13.73
EU-28 0.73 0.36 1.20 0.36 0.32 1.58
Peru 0.18 2.28 5.71 3.09 2.72 11.63
Uruguay 0.54 0.82 1.14 2.46 2.50 9.05
Others 4.97 5.53 9.07 11.63 9.36 39.26
Total kt 17.29 46.58 69.75 63.54 56.41
Total
58.57 135.29 222.37 261.24 233.64
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 289 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil key Nonwoven type imports

Figure 168: Brazil key Nonwoven type imports 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Nonwovens,
whether or not
5603 37.05 153.44 4.80 13% 28.53 28.11 29.17 28.53
impregnated,
coated, etc.
Sanitary towels
(pads) and
tampons, napkins
961900 and napkin liners 14.35 74.42 1.79 12% 9.93 - 7.52 9.93
for babies and
similar articles, of
any material
Webs, mattresses,
boards and similar
nonwoven products,
701939 5.13 12.54 0.09 2% 1.23 0.20 1.00 1.23
of glass fibres (excl.
mats and thin
sheets "voiles")
Felt, impregnated,
5602 2.13 11.93 0.27 13% 2.62 2.64 3.20 2.62
coated, etc. or not
Bed linen (excl.
knitted/crocheted),
630222 1.38 7.59 - - 0.02 0.01 - 0.02
printed, of man-
made fibres
Text wadding &
5601 articles; Text fibres 1.23 12.92 0.37 30% 5.27 8.07 4.57 5.27
Nov 5 Mm, Etc
Table linen (excl.
knitted or
630253 0.94 6.31 0.01 1% 0.16 0.35 0.20 0.16
crocheted), of man-
made fibres
Bed linen (excl.
knitted/crocheted),
630232 0.64 4.34 - - - - 0.03 -
of man-made fibres
(excl. printed)
Toilet linen &
kitchen linen other
630293 0.38 2.87 - - 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04
than of terry fabrics,
of man-made fibres
Total 63.23 286.36 7.34 12% 47.80 39.42 45.76 47.80
Source: UN Comtrade
- 290 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Fabric type TechTex trade: EU is 2nd largest import supplier

Figure 169: Brazil Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
Brazil Fabric type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 1.19 6.17 31.58 42.36 52.22 200.22
USA 3.79 5.80 12.93 14.69 14.36 104.51
EU-28 4.71 4.72 7.11 9.10 11.87 119.30
Paraguay - 0.96 2.70 5.53 7.19 29.43
Vietnam - 0.07 0.68 3.46 4.93 17.96
Colombia 0.13 0.05 0.98 3.65 4.48 20.00
Other Asia,
12.43 9.56 4.43 5.38 4.47 14.82
nes
India 0.17 0.28 1.36 3.53 3.48 8.97
Mexico 0.52 0.20 1.20 3.72 1.81 11.09
Rep. of
4.09 5.76 7.77 3.81 1.78 9.81
Korea
Others 11.02 8.73 13.87 8.31 6.52 68.03
Total kt 38.05 42.31 84.62 103.54 113.10
Total
192.45 204.09 454.59 582.24 604.13
MUSD
The trade balance in fabric type TT products is positive in favour of the EU

Figure 170: Brazil Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Brazil Fabric type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Argentina 10.71 17.19 15.63 10.43 7.29 47.35
USA 2.82 5.56 5.22 5.13 4.91 101.23
Mexico 0.20 3.17 5.22 3.41 3.22 19.66
Paraguay 0.46 1.08 1.16 1.88 2.08 10.12
EU-28 1.10 0.43 1.14 1.24 1.58 12.86
Uruguay 0.91 1.19 1.31 1.55 1.41 11.24
Venezuela 0.22 1.13 3.34 1.21 1.28 9.13
Peru 0.44 2.80 1.11 1.20 1.19 8.08
Bolivia 0.45 1.02 0.82 0.81 0.72 4.26
Chile 1.61 2.19 0.76 0.57 0.67 13.46
Others 1.32 5.53 4.31 3.70 3.45 35.00
Total kt 20.24 41.27 40.02 31.13 27.81
Total
70.97 206.43 280.17 294.49 272.40
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 291 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil key Fabric type TT imports

Figure 171: Brazil key Fabric type TT imports 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
5903 tire cord) coat, etc, 25.61 97.81 0.30 1.2% 6.02 11.29 6.70 6.02
plastics
Mats of irregularly
701931 laminated glass 20.48 42.18 1.07 5.2% 3.33 1.34 2.94 3.33
fibres
Tire cord fabric of

Nylon, etc.
Synthetic filament
strip
Rubberized textile
5906 fabrics, other Than 6.17 36.35 3.58 58% 24.40 18.37 17.23 24.40
Tire Cord
Bandages etc.
3005 coated etc. or in 5.07 79.36 0.28 5.5% 18.72 15.24 15.08 18.72
retail medic etc Fm
Narrow woven
5806 fabrics of textile 4.12 29.48 0.44 10.7% 3.54 3.41 4.54 3.54
materials
Curtains (including
630392 drapes) and interior 3.80 29.01 0.01 0.3% 0.31 0.12 0.31 0.31
blinds of synthetic
Woven fabrics of
701940 glass fibres made 3.70 10.00 2.79 75.4% 8.84 0.07 3.64 8.84
from rovings
Textile products
5911 etc. for specific 2.80 69.04 0.71 25.4% 24.34 28.14 28.93 24.34
Tech uses nesoi
Woven fabrics of jute
or of other textile
531010 bast fibres of 2.67 4.69 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
heading 5303,
unbleached
Textl fabrc , coated ,
5907 etc, theatrcl scenery, 2.37 16.95 0.07 3.1% 0.74 1.02 1.33 0.74
back-cloths
Source: UN Comtrade
- 292 -
Final Report
October 2016

Figure 172: Brazil key Fabric type TT imports 2014 (cont’d)
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Knotted net of twine
5608 etc; Fish net etc. of 2.15 14.42 0.07 3.1% 0.64 0.14 1.27 0.64
textiles
Flexible intermediate
bulk containers, for the
synthetic or man-made
textile materials
fibres, of a width of >
30 cm (excl. plain
weave, weighing < 250
701959 1.36 14.48 0.16 12.0% 3.29 2.58 2.52 3.29
g/m², of a linear
density of <= 136 tex
per single yarn, and
fabrics made from
rovings)
Transmsn/Convyr
5910 belt,Tex mat,whthr/nt 1.26 13.36 0.33 26.1% 5.95 3.58 6.00 5.95
reinfcd, ctd
Textile hose piping a.
5909 0.90 5.42 0.03 3.3% 0.53 0.71 1.59 0.53
similar textile tubing
Sacks and bags, for
the packing of goods,
of polyethylene or
630533 polypropylene strip or 0.84 2.85 0.03 3.2% 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.14
the like (excl. flexible
intermediate bulk
containers)
Woven fabrics of High
540710 Tenacity yarn, Nylon, 0.68 7.67 0.14 19.8% 3.04 3.30 3.41 3.04
other
Woven fabrics
551229 containing >= 85% 0.68 5.43 0.09 13.3% 1.92 0.97 2.15 1.92
Acrylic or Modacrylic
Plain woven fabrics of
520821 cotton for the 0.65 6.27 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00
manufacture
Textile book cov fab;
5901 trac cl; paint canvas 0.59 3.39 0.01 1.6% 0.17 0.30 0.19 0.17
etc.
glass fibres
Source: UN Comtrade
- 293 -
Final Report
October 2016


Description
%
share
filaments, of width of >
30 cm, plain weave,
weighing < 250 g/m²,
701952 0.30 2.51 0.07 23.1% 0.82 0.94 0.81 0.82
made of yarn of a linear
per single yarn (excl.
fabrics made from
rovings)
Labels, badges and
materials, in the piece,
5807 0.22 2.81 0.02 8.7% 1.36 0.68 1.87 1.36
in strips or cut to shape
or size, not
embroidered
coverings, of
polypropylene, woven,
not tufted or flocked, not
570250 of pile construction, not 0.14 0.45 0.07 47.9% 0.35 0.17 0.62 0.35
made-up (excl. Kelem,
Schumacks, Karamanie
and similar hand-woven
rugs)
narrow fabrics, of glass,
701951 0.11 1.51 0.01 6.8% 0.56 0.97 1.23 0.56
of a width of <= 30 cm
(excl. rovings)
Tufted Textile Fabrics,
580230 Other Than Floor 0.10 0.51 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Covers
Curtains, incl. drapes,
and interior blinds,
curtain or bed valances
630399 of nonwovens (excl. of 0.1 1.51 0 4.80% 0.32 0 0.15 0.32
cotton and synthetic
fibres, awnings and sun
blinds)
540810 Tenacity Viscose yarn, 0.08 0.58 0 0.10% 0 0.16 0.02 0
incl
Gauze (excl. narrow

5803 woven fabrics of 0.08 0.37 0 0.30% 0.01 0.06 0 0.01
heading 5806)
Woven fabrics of metal

5809 thread & metalized yarn 0.03 0.31 0 3.70% 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05
Nec
Source: UN Comtrade
- 294 -
Final Report
October 2016
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
520811 Cotton for the 0.02 0.27 0 7.40% 0.03 0.38 0.03 0.03
manufacture
Textile wicks for lamps
5908 etc. and gas mantles 0 0.13 0 0.20% 0 0 0 0
etc.
Other woven fabrics of
531090 5303, bleached, dyed, 0 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0 0
made of yarn of
different colours, or
printed
Total Without DU 113.1 604.13 11.87 10.50% 119.3 99.01 111.62 119.3
Source: UN Comtrade
- 295 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Industrial yarn (TT raw material, such as High Tenacity Polyester filament) TechTex
trade:
Figure 175: Brazil Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Brazil Industrial yarn type Imports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
China 0.0 0.0 5.3 18.1 20.0 43.9

Argentina 0.0 0.0 3.7 9.9 10.1 41.9
EU-28 0.3 1.4 2.4 2.3 2.8 35.5
Rep. of Korea 0.5 2.8 7.7 7.2 7.9 25.3
USA 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 3.8 23.6
Japan 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.2 0.5 9.8
Colombia 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.6
Turkey 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.5
Others 2.7 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 4.8
Total kt 4.8 6.9 24.4 42.4 48.0
Total MUSD 13.29 21.76 107.63 163.26 189.98
Source: UN Comtrade
The trade balance in industrial yarns is positive in favour of the EU

Figure 176: Brazil Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Brazil Nonwoven type Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
Mexico - - 0.18 0.09 0.22 1.20
Argentina 0.13 1.16 0.39 0.21 0.15 1.14
Colombia - 0.30 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.71
USA 0.46 0.21 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.52
Guatemala - - 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.07
Chile - 0.01 - - 0.01 0.12
Others 1.1- 0.07 0.54 0.06 0 0.12
Total kt 1.66 1.75 1.21 0.47 0.45
Total MUSD 3.20 5.16 6.45 3.86 3.88
Source: UN Comtrade
- 296 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil Industrial yarn (TT raw material) imports
Figure 177: Brazil Industrial yarn (TT raw material) imports 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
High-tenacity
540220 filament yarn of 29.77 69.66 0.46 1.56% 2.51 1.34 3.13 2.51
polyesters
High-tenacity
filament yarn of
540219 15.51 65.78 0.44 2.85% 3.97 0.28 3.92 3.97
nylon or other
polyamides
High-tenacity
540211 filament yarn of 2.63 54.06 0.00 0.00% 0.01 0.65 0.02 0.01
aramids
High-tenacity yarn
540310 of viscose rayon 0.06 0.49 0.00 6.51% 0.03 0.02 0.19 0.03
filament
Total 47.97 189.98 0.91 1.89% 6.51 2.29 7.27 6.51
Source: UN Comtrade
- 297 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil TT Made-ups trade (CIRFS Technical Textile report definition)

Figure 178: Brazil TT Made-ups trade 2000-2014
Brazil Made-ups Imports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
China 1.30 3.77 10.27 15.95 20.67 112.67

Paraguay 0.58 0.98 0.29 0.93 1.63 7.54
EU-28 0.31 1.06 0.75 1.41 1.35 26.43
Mexico 0.07 0.04 0.29 1.29 1.47 21.96
Rep. of Korea 0.09 0.02 0.27 1.11 1.20 10.92
India 0.11 0.08 0.28 2.58 1.15 6.75
China, Hong
0.40 0.22 0.44 0.54 0.49 2.75
Kong SAR
Poland 0.01 0.08 0.23 0.64 0.45 8.31
Indonesia 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.17 0.29 1.65
Bangladesh 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.22 0.25 4.88
Others 3.35 0.75 1.95 0.86 1.23 17.53
Total kt 6.22 7.02 14.91 25.70 30.18
Total MUSD 38.22 33.55 97.33 202.58 221.39
The trade balance in TT made-ups is positive in favour of the EU

Figure 179: Brazil TT Made-ups trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Brazil Made-ups Exports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
Argentina 3.27 2.20 4.17 3.23 2.44 30.01

Bolivia
(Plurinational 0.14 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.45 2.13
State of)
Uruguay 0.77 0.67 0.69 0.54 0.44 2.17
Cuba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.34 1.35
Paraguay 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.31 0.34 2.40
EU-28 0.46 1.14 0.36 0.20 0.21 2.95
Gambia 0.00 0.04 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.78
Peru 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.85
Iraq 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.30
Venezuela 0.16 0.30 0.11 0.14 0.08 1.06
Others 2.78 1.91 0.78 0.60 0.35 5.56
Total kt 7.87 7.25 7.40 6.22 5.09
Total MUSD 47.71 47.32 66.67 65.95 49.54
Source: UN Comtrade
- 298 -
Final Report
October 2016
Brazil TT Made-ups import: Key products
Figure 180: Brazil TT Made-ups import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Made-up articles of
6307 textile materials, incl. 7.13 49.07 0.19 2.67% 5.23 2.49 4.06 5.23
dress patterns, n.e.s.
Tarpaulins, awnings
and sun blinds; tents;
sails for boats,
6306 sailboards or land 6.95 23.15 0.11 1.63% 2.08 0.91 2.52 2.08
craft; camping goods
of all types of textile
materials
Sacks and bags, of a
kind used for the
all types of textile
materials
Gloves, mittens and
mitts, knitted or
611693 3.46 13.90 0.00 0.02% 0.08 0.01 0.06 0.08
crocheted Of
synthetic fibres
Industrial and
Occupational
6203 -
garments 2.95 57.90 0.08 2.59% 4.13 1.36 3.71 4.13
6204
(Considered 11% of
total trade
Garments, made up
621010 2.24 16.99 0.00 0.21% 0.96 0.98 1.78 0.96
of fabrics
Total 30.18 221.39 1.35 4.47% 26.43 12.56 31.26 26.43
Source: UN Comtrade
- 299 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 5:
Brazil market and trade in Technical Textiles
South Korea market and trade in Technical Textiles
- 300 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 6: South Korea market and trade in Technical Textiles

TechTex market South Korea
Figure 181: South Korea TechTex market: Segment-wise

Mineralic*
NW NW NW Filament**
Agrotech 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8
Buildtech 6.2 13.3 0.0 13.8 8.7
Clothtech 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.0 3.3
Geotech 1.1 4.9 0.0 0.0 4.3
Hometech 10.1 15.9 2.2 2.6 2.4
Indutech 11.4 20.8 3.1 32.6 9.1
Medtech 2.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.2
Hygiene 25.8 7.8 4.1 0.0 0.0
Mobiltech 15.0 43.5 5.6 31.5 74.3
Packtech 8.8 3.7 9.5 0.0 3.8
Protech 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 4.9
Sporttech 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.8 6.1
Total KT 83.7 115.7 24.5 81.4 117.9
Figure 182: South Korea TechTex market: Segment-wise (cont’d)

Other (non
Synthetic Slit film
staple fibre
Agrotech 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 2.4
Buildtech 3.7 4.8 3.3 0.4 54.3
Clothtech 3.9 0.1 2.1 0.0 11.4
Geotech 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.6 13.4
Hometech 5.6 0.4 5.0 1.9 46.2
Indutech 4.7 2.0 2.4 0.3 86.4
Medtech 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.0 6.1
Hygiene 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 38.2
Mobiltech 3.0 2.1 16.6 1.2 193.0
Packtech 0.9 0.0 35.4 34.4 96.5
Protech 0.9 0.5 1.8 0.0 9.8
Sporttech 2.1 0.2 1.5 1.3 15.1
Total KT 25.6 10.3 72.8 40.8 573

** Man made Filament other than glass, basalt and
carbon Source: Gherzi market model and research
- 301 -
Final Report
October 2016
Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up

Figure 183: South Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up i

Mineralic
NW NW NW Filament
TOTAL KT 2014 84 116 25 81 118
Nylon 6 0 0 0 0 11
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 10
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 0
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 9
Glass 0 0 1 0 0
Metal 0 0 0 0 0
Cotton 0 8 0 0 0
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 81 0
BICO 0 5 1 0 0
- 302 -
Final Report
October 2016
Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up
Figure 184: South Korea TechTex market: Fibre break-up ii
Other (non
staple fibre
TOTAL KT 2014 26 10 73 41 573
Nylon 6 1 0 0 0 11
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 10
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP Polymer 0 0 0 41 107
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 0
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 9
Glass 0 5 0 0 6
Metal 0 5 0 0 5
Cotton 0 0 12 0 20
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 0 81
BICO 0 0 0 0 6
- 303 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea TechTex trade

South Korea Yarn type TechTex trade: EU is No. 2 import supplier
Figure 185: South Korea Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
S. Korea Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 3.43 6.26 10.99 9.95 10.61 43.16
Bangladesh 0.25 0.41 1.22 0.92 0.91 0.74
Sri Lanka 0.03 - 0.23 0.51 0.83 1.30
USA 0.23 0.29 0.67 0.50 0.80 29.18
Viet Nam 0.20 1.05 0.87 0.64 0.69 2.00
EU-28 0.55 0.83 0.81 0.62 0.67 37.09
Philippines 0.06 0.43 0.39 0.46 0.57 3.17
Japan 0.34 0.30 0.50 0.31 0.27 7.14
Indonesia 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.23 0.21 0.87
Others 0.98 0.95 1.39 0,.61 0,54 2.07
Total kt 6.14 10.57 17.11 14.75 16.10
Total MUSD 42.51 63.17 108.29 125.53 126.72
Source: UN Comtrade
The TT trade balance in yarn type products is positive in favour of the EU.
Figure 186: South Korea Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
S. Korea Yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Vietnam 2.42 3.63 5.58 5.00 5.47 49.62

Singapore 5.27 5.80 5.66 4.28 5.08 15.19
Chile 2.76 3.57 4.89 3.14 4.22 9.75
USA 4.34 5.16 3.79 3.54 3.92 14.63
Indonesia 4.12 3.66 4.12 3.73 3.38 30.08
China 10.16 9.82 4.73 3.63 3.15 30.83
EU-28 2.41 2.81 1.91 2.40 2.48 21.98
Japan 3.78 2.76 1.74 2.22 1.96 10.37
Russia 2.75 2.27 1.60 2.01 1.75 11.46
Others 24.92 21.94 17.72 15.5 17.32 101.1
Total kt 62.93 61.42 51.74 45.45 48.73
Total MUSD 264.55 269.20 270.47 288.66 295.00

Source: UN Comtrade
- 304 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Yarn type TechTex import: Sutures is the main product imported from the EU.
Overall value of EU imports is going down with declining suture sales.
Figure 187: South Korea Yarn type import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Twine, Cordage,
5607 Rope & Cables, 7.54 26.12 0.36 5% 5.90 2.63 3.33 5.90
Coated Etc Or Not
Sewing thread of
5508 man-made staple 3.70 14.23 - - 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01
fibres
or the like heading
5609 5404 or 5405, 1.71 7.11 0.04 2% 0.53 2.27 1.27 0.53
Twine, cordage,
NES
Sewing thread of
5401 man-made 1.07 10.66 0.12 11% 2.95 1.73 2.24 2.95
filaments
Rubber Thread
and cord, Textile
covered, Textile
coated, covered,
sheathed with
rubber
Gimped Yarn &

Strip, 5404/5405
5606 0.55 3.77 0.06 11% 1.55 0.16 2.22 1.55
Chenille Yarn,
Loop Wale-Yarn
Sterile Surgical
300610 Catgut, Similar 0.22 51.10 0.07 32% 25.72 43.41 27.53 25.72
Sterile Mater Etc
Cotton sewing
5204 0.17 1.64 - - 0.09 1.48 0.04 0.09
thread
Metallised yarn,
whether or not
gimped being
5605 0.08 1.57 0.01 13% 0.30 0.06 0.12 0.30
textile yarn, strip or
powder or covered
with metal
Total Without DU 16.10 126.72 0.67 4% 37.09 51.88 36.83 37.09
Source: UN Comtrade
- 305 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Nonwoven type TechTex trade: EU is co-No. 3 import supplier
Figure 188: South Korea Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014
S. Korea Nonwoven type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 5.33 12.35 38.62 69.21 89.02 280.93
Japan 6.39 5.31 7.34 12.55 12.13 100.41
USA 4.45 4.91 4.52 6.73 8.05 66.21
Other Asia, 29.85
1.23 3.61 3.53 7.57 6.68
nes
EU-28 1.89 3.73 4.24 6.68 6.44 66.73
Mexico 0.54 0.07 0.08 2.05 2.14 15.88
Singapore 0.05 - 3.04 1.50 1.82 17.39
Thailand 0.37 1.43 0.61 0.83 1.47 5.40
Vietnam 0.22 0.19 1.32 0.98 1.35 5.04
Others 2.43 7.24 3.53 3.78 4.28 37.71
Total kt 22.90 38.84 66.83 111.88 133.38
Total
122.58 195.00 343.07 564.08 625.55
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
Figure 189: South Korea Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
S. Korea Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 7.31 18.87 18.73 51.52 47.61 277.07
Japan 12.48 17.22 14.92 22.36 20.88 78.65
Vietnam 3.84 5.94 7.21 10.11 9.92 68.28
Hong Kong 4.16 5.44 2.83 5.97 7.02 44.69
USA 0.36 2.35 5.15 7.23 6.09 44.66
Indonesia 6.36 5.15 7.02 7.00 5.99 42.53
EU-28 3.86 2.45 3.85 4.06 5.71 46.08
Other Asia,
2.04 5.58 7.22 5.31 3.93 25.60
nes
Australia 0.71 0.95 0.16 2.20 2.91 14.61
Others -7.53 16.41 23.04 25.18 23.65 150.58
Total kt 48.65 80.36 90.13 140.94 133.71
Total
312.35 426.83 492.73 804.97 792.75
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 306 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Nonwoven import: Strong growth in NW imports from the EU ‘till 2013. Growing
general NW exports (HS code 5603) and exports of hygiene NW (HS code 961900) have not
been able to compensate the decline in EU exports of NEW waddings to S. Korea.
Figure 190: South Korea Nonwoven import 2014

Description
% import
share
Nonwovens,
whether or not
5603 79.41 329.74 2.58 3% 22.55 18.69 21.18 22.55
impregnated,
coated, etc.
Sanitary towels
(pads) and tam-
pons, napkins and
961900 napkin liners for 29.63 140.00 2.29 8% 13.26 - 9.80 13.26
babies and similar
articles, of any
material
Webs, mattresses,
boards and similar
701939 14.94 46.0 0.16 6% 2.83 4.16 4.41 2.83
nonwoven products,
of glass fibres
Text wadding &
5601 articles; text fibres 6.85 89.47 1.07 16% 25.68 4.84 30.79 25.68
Nov 5 Mm, etc.
Bed linen (excl.
knitted/crocheted),
630232 1.14 3.25 0.03 3% 0.43 0.13 0.32 0.43
of man-made fibres
(excl. printed)
Felt, impregnated,
5602 1.05 14.31 0.33 31% 1.85 1.54 1.59 1.85
coated, etc. or not
Toilet linen &
kitchen linen other
630293 than of terry 0.20 2.16 - - 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03
fabrics, of man-
made fibres
Table linen (excl.
knitted or
630253 0.08 0.79 - - 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.08
crocheted), of
man-made fibres
Bed linen (excl.
knitted/crocheted), 0.04
630222 0.08 0.92 - - 0.16 0.02 0.04
printed, of man-
made fibres
Total 133.38 625.55 6.44 5% 66.73 29.54 68.23 66.73

Source: UN Comtrade
- 307 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Fabric type TechTex trade: EU is co-No. 3 in respect to South Korea’s import
suppliers.
Figure 191: South Korea Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
S. Korea Fabric type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 18.73 78.83 117.91 109.90 108.56 435.89
Viet Nam 0.07 5.50 37.90 57.95 58.04 173.05
Other Asia, 52.31
10.25 8.58 12.91 11.83 11.27
nes
EU-28 3.86 6.03 3.56 5.85 5.79 89.36
Indonesia 2.49 4.86 7.38 5.25 4.78 24.85
USA 3.52 2.84 3.64 3.93 3.97 65.42
Italy 0.46 2.51 1.15 4.06 3.24 23.60
Bangladesh 0.93 1.07 0.88 1.51 1.93 3.06
Japan 5.52 2.88 2.08 1.80 1.68 86.76
Philippines 0.09 0.03 0.37 0.8 1.26 5.9
Others 4.13 2.25 3.97 0.05 1.37 31.86
Total kt 50.05 115.38 191.75 202.93 201.89
Total MUSD 327.03 510.44 831.23 983.85 992.06
Source: UN Comtrade
The TT trade balance in fabric type products is negative in favour of S. Korea.
Figure 192: South Korea Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
S. Korea Fabric type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
EU-28 16.04 18.67 26.33 31.26 31.51 228.10
Vietnam 20.00 22.09 23.65 26.80 29.31 355.97
USA 20.42 36.54 28.91 25.91 28.96 184.51
China 88.45 74.87 48.72 31.82 28.15 317.45
Japan 21.51 22.89 20.37 19.38 22.68 93.93
Thailand 9.14 7.76 11.25 13.23 11.74 62.15
Indonesia 33.91 14.85 11.14 10.44 9.88 121.56
Hong Kong 55.00 28.08 14.96 7.35 6.40 102.84
Other Asia,
7.62 8.44 7.48 6.51 5.96 28.15
nes
Philippines 10.68 5.83 4.83 3.84 5.38 35.88
Others 82.36 48.96 52.78 48.22 46.5 314.46
Total kt 365.13 288.98 250.42 224.76 226.47
Total MUSD 2,103.63 1,609.39 1,713.78 1,809.23 1,845.75
Source: UN Comtrade
- 308 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea TechTex Fabric type import: Slight growth in fabric imports from the EU in a
highly fragmented sector.
Figure 193: South Korea Fabric type import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
% import
share
bulk containers, for the
synthetic or man-made
textile materials
Tire cord fabric of High
5902 Tenacity aarn, Nylon 33.57 132.42 0.13 0.4% 1.07 1.28 1.32 1.07
etc.
Sacks and bags, for
the packing of goods,
of polyethylene or
630533 polypropylene strip or 23.89 41.15 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
the like (excl. flexible
intermediate bulk
containers)
Textile fabrics (not tire
5903 19.80 130.34 0.65 3.3% 12.24 18.70 10.43 12.24
cord) coat etc, plastics
5608 etc; Fish net etc of 19.00 60.55 0.20 1.1% 1.54 1.19 1.62 1.54
textiles
Mats of irregularly
701931 9.26 20.50 2.99 32.3% 9.54 1.74 10.99 9.54
laminated glass fibres
narrow fabrics, of
glass filaments, of
width of > 30 cm, plain
701952 9.21 79.72 0.01 0.1% 0.10 0.04 0.08 0.10
g/m², made of yarn of
a linear density of <=
136 tex per single yarn
(excl. fabrics made
from rovings)
520811 Cotton for the 8.41 59.36 0.00 0.0% 0.03 0.20 0.07 0.03
manufacture
narrow fabrics, of
glass fibres, of a width
of > 30 cm (excl. plain
701959 5.98 28.88 0.21 3.5% 3.37 1.24 3.80 3.37
g/m², of a linear
per single yarn, and
fabrics made from
rovings)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 309 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea TechTex Fabric import: Slight growth in fabric imports from the EU in a highly
fragmented sector.
Figure 194: South Korea TechTex Fabric import 2014 (cont’d)
2014
Description Total
Imports
% import
share
Bandages etc coated

3005 etc or in retail medic etc 5.28 83.10 0.22 4.2% 14.54 13.26 13.39 14.54
Fm
Narrow woven fabrics
of textile materials, with
a width of <= 30 cm
(excl. labels, badges
and similar articles);
5806 3.61 23.48 0.07 1.9% 1.67 0.91 1.56 1.67
narrow fabrics
consisting of warp
without weft assembled
by means of an
adhesive "bolducs"
Textile products etc. for
5911 specific Tech uses 3.31 102.36 0.49 14.8% 26.45 30.08 25.78 26.45
nesoi
630392 of nonwovens of 2.11 16.28 0.01 0.4% 0.23 0.14 0.20 0.23
synthetic fibres (excl.
awnings and sun
blinds)
glass fibres
Woven fabrics of jute or
of other textile bast
531010 1.54 2.40 0.00 0.0% 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01
fibres of heading 5303,
unbleached
540710 Tenacity yarn, Nylon, 1.46 9.81 0.02 1.3% 1.19 0.38 0.84 1.19
other
Transmsn/Convyr belt,
5910 Tex mat,whthr/nt 1.30 17.47 0.07 5.2% 3.26 3.05 3.28 3.26
reinfcd, ctd
Textile hose piping and

5909 0.93 6.31 0.04 4.0% 0.58 1.49 0.40 0.58
similar textile tubing
Rubberized textile
5906 fabrics, other than tire 0.92 12.58 0.14 15.7% 3.55 4.09 3.26 3.55
cord
Source: UN Comtrade
- 310 -
Final Report
October 2016
fragmented sector
HS 2014 Total 2014 Imports from EU

Description
Code Imports Imports from EU28 MUSD
% import
share
Textl fabrc, coated, etc,
5907 theatrcl scenery, back- 0.81 6.36 0.02 2.0% 0.15 0.27 0.30 0.15
cloths
531090 0.74 1.12 0.00 0.2% 0.06 0.08 0.01 0.06
colours, or printed
701940 fibres made from 0.71 2.21 0.05 7.2% 0.96 0.04 0.92 0.96
rovings
630399 of nonwovens (excl. of 0.71 12.46 0.00 0.2% 0.10 0.13 0.41 0.10
fibres, awnings and sun
blinds)
Synthetic filament yarn
540720 0.63 3.30 0.09 13.9% 1.25 1.25 2.26 1.25
fabric from the strip
narrow fabrics, of glass,
701951 0.55 2.30 0.01 1.1% 0.25 0.07 0.15 0.25
of a width of <= 30 cm
(excl. rovings)
Labels, badges and
520821 0.47 3.65 0.00 0.3% 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.01
Cotton for the manufact.
Text. book cov fab; Trac
5901 0.34 1.72 0.02 5.4% 0.35 0.13 0.27 0.35
cl; paint canvas etc
Woven fabrics
551229 containing >= 85% 0.32 5.50 0.23 72.4% 4.32 2.67 3.20 4.32
coverings, of polypropy-
lene, woven, not tufted
or flocked, not of pile
570250 construction, not made- 0.19 1.62 0.12 65.2% 1.21 0.60 1.44 1.21
up (excl. Kelem, Schu-
macks, Karamanie and
similar hand-woven
rugs)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 311 -
Final Report
October 2016
fragmented sector.
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Tufted textile fabrics,

580230 0.08 0.59 0.02 29.3% 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.20
other than floor covers
540810 Tenacity Viscose 0.05 0.91 0.00 1.6% 0.06 0.09 0.16 0.06
yarn, incl.
Gauze (excl. narrow
5803 woven fabrics of 0.03 0.30 0.00 10.1% 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.08
heading 5806)
Textile wicks for
5908 lamps etc. and gas 0.01 0.54 0.00 9.1% 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.08
mantles etc
Woven fabrics of
5809 metal thread & 0.00 0.11 0.00 81.8% 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.09
metalized yarn nec
Total Without DU 220.89 1,052.61 6.01 2.7% 91.09 84.81 87.27 91.09
Source: UN Comtrade
Summary: The highest volume in TT fabric exports by S. Korea is given in
• Coated fabrics: 12.2 Mn USD

• Glass fibre mats: 9.5 Mn USD
• Bandages for medical use: 14.5 Mn USD
• Specific use TT fabrics: 26.45 Mn USD
- 312 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Industrial yarn (TT raw material, such as High Tenacity Polyester filament)
TechTex trade: Small import volume from the EU
Figure 197: South Korea Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014
S. Korea Industrial yarn type Imports
kt
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014 2014 MUSD
2010
China 0.0 3.6 27.3 30.4 41.1 156.4
Japan 1.2 0.0 0.2 3.1 3.4 110.3
EU 28 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 17.7
Canada 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.9 1.2 13.4
Indonesia 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.7 6.5
Russia 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 2.9
Vietnam 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.9
Other Asia,
0.1 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.8
nes
USA 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 1.4
Thailand 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.4
Others 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Total kt 1.8 5.1 36.9 38.3 49.5
Total
3.4 11.9 116.5 130.4 156.4
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
Trade balance in Industrial yarns (TT raw material) vastly negative in favour of S. Korea
Figure 198: South Korea Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
S. Korea Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
EU 28 12.9 17.5 31.3 33.1 34.7 108.6
USA 13.5 30.8 11.2 15.9 14.7 39.6
China 0.4 7.7 13.8 7.3 9.0 36.2
Brazil 0.2 3.0 7.6 6.7 8.2 26.1
Philippines 0.0 2.6 2.8 3.3 4.5 11.3
Viet Nam 0.0 0.1 1.5 1.7 2.2 12.7
Japan 0.0 0.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 5.3
Thailand 0.0 0.2 1.7 1.2 1.6 4.9
Argentina 0.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 3.5
Others 6.7 15.2 17.2 12.2 9.4 44.0
Total kt 33.9 79.4 90.3 84.5 87.8
Total
64.9 188.7 253.3 281.5 292.2
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 313 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Industrial yarn import: Details
Figure 199: South Korea Industrial yarn import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
High-tenacity
540220 filament yarn of 29.2 55.5 0.07 0.1% 0.29 0.06 0.27 0.29
polyesters
High-tenacity
filament yarn of
540219 19.8 90.3 0.01 0.0% 0.21 0.05 0.02 0.21
nylon or other
polyamides
High-tenacity
540211 filament yarn of 0.4 10.6 0.00 0.0% 0.02 0.02 3.30 0.02
aramids
High-tenacity yarn
540310 of viscose rayon 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.2% 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.02
filament
1)
Total 49.5 156.4 0.08 0.2% 0.54 0.13 3.64 0.54
1)
On top would come imports (chiefly from Austria) of specialty viscose fibres (such as FR or
specialty nonwoven raw materials) which are no identifiable by a specific HS code but –
nevertheless – constitute a significant EU fibre related export volume to S. Korea
Source: UN Comtrade
- 314 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Made-up type TechTex imports: EU is the No. 3 import supplier
Figure 200: South Korea Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014
S. Korea Made-ups Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 14.65 64.70 89.94 102.43 100.11 459.51
Viet Nam 0.29 4.29 24.17 37.92 42.36 186.32
EU-28 0.73 1.90 1.64 1.60 1.60 53.85
Bangladesh 0.01 0.01 0.06 2.31 2.34 23.06
USA 0.42 0.56 0.66 0.90 1.04 14.47
Indonesia 0.07 1.34 0.81 1.00 0.91 17.42
Sri Lanka 0.06 0.09 1.57 0.92 0.78 1.59
Myanmar 0.00 0.06 0.31 0.51 0.51 12.44
Mexico 0.02 0.29 0.04 0.46 0.44 5.86
Cambodia 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.42 4.24
Japan 1.56 3.41 0.40 0.18 0.29 7.81
Others 2.07 1.40 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total kt 19.87 78.05 120.34 148.44 150.80
Total
115.65 333.71 466.35 737.93 786.57
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
The trade balance in TT made-ups is negative in favour of S. Korea
Figure 201: South Korea Made-up type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
S. Korea Made-ups Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
EU-28 6.45 4.32 5.51 6.63 6.85 89.23
China 1.58 5.68 5.74 3.65 3.83 40.41
USA 11.97 3.98 2.67 3.94 3.35 31.48
Japan 7.19 2.08 1.62 2.20 3.14 57.05
Russian
1.03 0.75 0.46 1.55 1.79 17.45
Federation
Viet Nam 0.46 1.57 2.48 1.09 1.48 14.38
Uzbekistan 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.40 1.39 5.86
Brazil 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.88 0.96 10.38
Saudi Arabia 1.78 2.10 0.84 0.54 0.82 6.39
Germany 0.67 0.45 0.52 0.61 0.73 16.85
Malaysia 0.27 0.13 0.30 0.16 0.61 3.02
Others 15.38 7.13 4.23 6.45 5.47 46.71
Total kt 46.82 28.22 24.41 29.10 30.43
Total
238.54 202.05 201.69 315.52 339.22
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 315 -
Final Report
October 2016
South Korea Made-ups import: The main EU export product is garments (PPE) showing
good growth between 2010 and 2014
Figure 202: South Korea Made-ups import 2014

Description
%
share
Sacks and bags, of

a kind used for the
6305 packing of goods, 92.76 234.89 0.03 0.03% 0.94 0.17 0.99 0.94
of all types of textile
materials
Made-up articles of
textile materials,
6307 27.20 117.52 0.73 2.68% 12.86 5.98 9.46 12.86
incl. dress patterns,
n.e.s
Tarpaulins,
awnings and sun
for boats,
6306 15.29 159.36 1.49 9.75% 3.84 0.73 3.13 3.84
sailboards or land
craft; camping
goods of all types
Garments, made up
621010 3.48 24.76 0.07 2.08% 22.29 1.95 13.17 22.29
of fabrics
Industrial and
Occupational
6203 -
garments 9.56 215.11 0.09 0.97% 11.16 6.81 9.51 11.16
6204
(considered 11% of
total trade)
Gloves, mittens and
mitts, knitted or
611693 1.92 23.94 0.0021 0.11% 0.22 0.11 0.37 0.22
crocheted of
synthetic fibres
Total 150.80 786.57 2.63 1.75% 57.27 32.38 46.94 57.27
Source: UN Comtrade
- 316 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 6:
South Korea market and trade in Technical Textiles
Japan market and trade in Technical Textiles
- 317 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 7: Japan market and trade in Technical Textiles

TechTex market Japan
Figure 203: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise

Mineralic*
NW NW NW Filament**
Agrotech 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.3
Buildtech 14.3 26.9 0.0 54.1 33.9
Clothtech 0.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 10.1
Geotech 3.2 14.5 0.0 0.0 12.5
Hometech 23.9 26.7 10.4 12.1 11.3
Indutech 18.5 26.4 9.1 112.5 35.2
Medtech 12.4 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.9
Hygiene 112.8 22.9 10.0 0.0 0.0
Mobiltech 11.1 41.6 12.5 107.2 203.3
Packtech 10.8 2.0 10.8 0.0 10.4
Protech 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 7.6
Sporttech 1.5 1.6 0.0 2.4 23.6
Total KT 210.9 179.3 52.7 288.3 351.3
Figure 204: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise (cont’d)
Synthetic Other (non syn- Natural Slit film

Total KT 2014
staple fibre thetic) staple fibre fibres ('tape')
Agrotech 0.1 0.0 2.1 1.8 6.6
Buildtech 24.5 28.7 28.0 1.7 212.1
Clothtech 12.1 0.2 6.3 0.0 35.0
Geotech 0.0 0.0 7.1 1.8 39.2
Hometech 70.4 2.0 53.0 9.1 219.1
Indutech 24.6 8.8 15.7 0.8 251.5
Medtech 2.3 0.9 6.6 0.0 33.3
Hygiene 11.1 7.3 21.1 0.0 185.1
Mobiltech 6.7 4.6 36.6 2.7 426.4
Packtech 22.4 0.0 112.9 93.7 263.0
Protech 1.3 0.8 2.8 0.0 15.1
Sporttech 6.2 0.5 4.5 3.9 44.2
Total KT 181.7 53.8 296.8 115.6 1,730
** Man made Filament other than glass, basalt Source: Gherzi market model and research
and carbon
- 318 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan TechTex market: Fibre break-up

Figure 205: Japan TechTex market: Segment-wise i

Mineralic
NW NW NW Filament
TOTAL KT 2014 211 179 53 288 351

Nylon 6 0 0 0 0 31
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 29
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP fibres 0 55 18 0 0
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 27
Glass 0 0 2 0 0
Metal 0 0 0 0 0
Cotton 0 12 0 0 0
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 285 0
BICO 0 9 2 0 0
- 319 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan TechTex market: Fibre break-up
Figure 206: Japan TechTex market: Fibre break-up ii
Other (non
staple fibre
TOTAL KT 2014 182 54 297 116 1,730
Nylon 6 5 0 0 0 37
Nylon 66 0 0 0 0 29
Sutures 0 0 0 0 0
PP Polymer 0 0 0 116 282
PP fibres 17 0 0 0 91
PP Mono 0 0 0 0 1
PP HT Fil. 0 0 0 0 27
PET fibres 139 0 0 0 221
Glass 0 24 0 0 26
Metal 0 24 0 0 24
Cotton 0 0 50 0 63
Bast fibre 0 0 247 0 251
Glass Fil. 0 0 0 0 285
BICO 0 0 0 0 10
- 320 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan TechTex trade

Japan Yarn type TechTex trade: In value, the EU is Japan’s second largest import supplier
behind the US and ahead of China.
Figure 207: Japan Yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
Japan Yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 9.2 10.8 10.8 12.1 12.3 71.0
Bangladesh 3.5 4.6 5.1 5.0 5.1 11.3
Rep. of Korea 2.3 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.0 10.9
Vietnam 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.7 7.6
Malaysia 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 3.5
India 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.2
Thailand 2.5 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.1
Indonesia 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 3.8
United Rep. of
1.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9
Tanzania
USA 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 163.1
EU-28 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 79.8
Others 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 38.2
Total kt 24.6 24.9 23.0 25.3 25.5
Total MUSD 142.8 147.5 181.9 393.0 393.3
The TT trade balance in yarn type products is positive in favour of the EU
Japan Yarn type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.3 29.5
Vietnam 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 11.8
Hong Kong 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 22.0
EU-28 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 16.6
USA 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 17.6
Thailand 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 6.9
Philippines 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 6.8
Rep. of Korea 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 5.0
Singapore 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.5
Other Asia,
0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 5.0
nes
United Arab
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.4
Emirates
Others 2.4 1.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 19.4
Total kt 10.4 8.3 6.0 5.2 5.3
Total MUSD 169.8 152.0 156.1 146.7 146.4
Source: UN Comtrade
- 321 -
Final Report
October 2016
Two thirds of Japan yarn type TT imports concern medical sutures (HS Code – 300610 –
Sterile surgical catgut). For these USA and Mexico are the key import suppliers.
Figure 208: Japan suture import 2010-2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Mn Mn Mn Mn
KT KT KT Mn US$ KT KT
US$ US$ US$ US$
USA
0.06 30.82 0.07 44.27 0.08 53.40 0.18 127.66 0.24 158.90
Mexico
0.00 0.02 - - 0.00 0.37 0.10 84.43 0.09 56.81
Germany
0.02 21.63 0.02 20.96 0.02 17.73 0.02 15.12 0.02 14.76
Austria
0.00 20.06 0.00 27.45 0.00 27.35 0.00 22.15 0.00 23.79
Rep. of Korea
0.00 0.46 0.00 0.92 0.00 7.31 0.01 13.16 0.00 2.32
Spain
0.00 0.17 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.34
World
0.09 75.66 0.10 96.10 0.10 108.27 0.31 267.34 0.36 265.91
Unit Value
847.49 965.38 1,043.67 860.05 728.80
Rate (US$/Kg)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 322 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan – key yarn import: 92% of Japan’s yarn type imports from the EU are medical sutures,
where Japan oriented export values are going down, though.
Figure 209: Japan Yarn type TT import 2010-2014 (cont’d)
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Twine, cordage,
5607 rope & cables, 18.82 61.56 0.16 0.9% 3.51 3.34 4.58 3.51
coated etc. or not
or the like heading
5609 5404 or 5405, 2.75 24.96 0.01 0.4% 0.51 0.67 0.44 0.51
twine, cordage,
NES
Sewing thread of
5508 man-made staple 1.31 13.96 - - 0.01 0.09 - 0.01
fibres
Sewing thread of
5401 man-made 0.81 10.57 - - 0.49 0.42 0.28 0.49
filaments
Rubber thread and
cord, Textile
covered, Textile
5604 yarn, impregnated 0.72 8.90 0.07 9.7% 0.76 0.42 0.78 0.76
coated, covered,
sheathed with
rubber
Gimped yarn &
strip, 5404/5405
5606 0.63 6.04 0.01 1.6% 0.52 0.19 0.58 0.52
Chenille yarn,
Loop Wale-yarn
Sterile surgical
300610 catgut, similar 0.36 265.84 0.07 19.4% 73.61 106.19 73.34 73.61
sterile matter etc.
Cotton sewing
5204 0.07 0.87 - - 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.10
thread
Metallized yarn,
whether or not
gimped being
5605 0.03 0.60 - - 0.24 0.18 0.52 0.24
textile yarn, strip or
powder or covered
with metal
Total Without DU 25.50 393.30 0.34 1.3% 79.75 111.58 80.62 79.75
Source: UN Comtrade
- 323 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Nonwoven type TechTex trade: In value the EU is Japan’s second largest import
supplier behind China and ahead of Thailand.
Figure 210: Japan Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Japan Nonwoven type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 22.36 33.60 58.76 85.16 104.30 504.15
Thailand 1.53 10.96 20.31 24.87 28.91 95.96
Malaysia 0.60 3.36 9.84 18.60 20.12 61.59
EU-28 10.90 6.91 12.45 17.87 19. 73 146.15
Rep. of Korea 14.04 19.88 15.22 19.15 18.75 77.39
Other Asia,
6.16 10.42 12.15 16.76 16.43 62.93
nes
USA 10.92 8.68 10.66 8.38 7.77 78.90
Indonesia 0.24 2.25 3.16 5.65 6.44 31.16
Vietnam 0.00 0.15 1.13 2.59 3.03 18.39
Others 4.97 4.50 2.20 3.37 1.99 26.20
Total kt 71.72 100.70 145.89 202.40 227.47
Total MUSD 358.42 435.46 718.57 1,023.76 1,102.81 -
Source: UN Comtrade
The trade balance in nonwovens is slightly positive in favour of the EU.

Figure 211: Japan Nonwoven type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Japan Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 5.05 12.87 18.38 72.43 109.48 800.96
Russian 0.01 0.15 0.46 26.13 32.01 213.26
Hong Kong 5.34 7.05 7.72 20.44 20.16 177.15
Other Asia,
2.34 3.42 2.51 20.81 20.11 104.80
nes
USA 7.22 10.89 10.26 10.41 12.35 140.84
Rep. of Korea 5.13 4.83 6.02 10.60 10.12 82.63
EU-28 9.78 9.31 7.66 7.29 7.52 100.41
Vietnam 0.80 0.36 0.99 4.44 6.20 50.95
Thailand 1.25 3.19 3.00 6.06 6.04 50.58
Indonesia 0.96 1.53 1.41 8.97 4.06 33.78
India 0.10 0.22 0.86 4.56 3.11 18.69
Other 4.67 6.22 8.97 15.72 18.20 130.11
Total kt 42.66 60.05 68.23 207.86 249.36
Total MUSD 545.47 657.15 856.76 1,639.21 1,904.16
Source: UN Comtrade
- 324 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan – Key Nonwovens product import: Japan Nonwoven imports from the EU are growing
(in value) by 8% p.a.
Figure 212: Japan – Key Nonwovens product import 2014
HS 2014 2014
Description Imports from EU MUSD
Code Total Imports Imports from EU28
%
share
Nonwovens,
whether or not
5603 162.98 654.37 12.10 7% 88.55 65.07 76.10 88.55
impregnated, coated
etc.
Sanitary towels
(pads) and
tampons, napkins
961900 and napkin liners for 21.36 110.11 4.27 20% 15.39 - 14.91 15.39
babies and similar
articles, of any
material
Text wadding &

5601 articles; Text fibres 13.38 103.13 2.74 20% 37.27 41.01 39.83 37.27
Nov 5 Mm, etc.
Bed linen (excl.

knitted/crocheted),
630222 9.36 79.22 - - 0.21 0.01 0.16 0.21
printed, of man-
made fibres
Webs, mattresses,
boards and similar
nonwoven products,
701939 6.99 24.46 0.54 8% 2.10 0.69 1.13 2.10
of glass fibres (excl.
mats and thin
sheets ‘voiles’)
Bed linen (excl.

knitted/crocheted),
630232 5.30 53.21 - - 0.14 0.13 0.06 0.14
of man-made fibres
(excl. printed)
Toilet linen &

kitchen linen other
630293 5.24 49.62 - - 0.08 0.16 0.36 0.08
than of terry fabrics,
of man-made fibres
Felt, impregnated,
5602 1.87 17.13 0.06 3.10% 1.99 1.50 1.84 1.99
coated, etc. or not
Table linen (excl.

knitted or
630253 1.00 11.55 0.01 0.70% 0.44 0.81 0.62 0.44
crocheted), of man-
made fibres
Total
227.47 1’102.81 19.73 9% 146.15 109.40 135.00 146.15
Source: UN Comtrade
- 325 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Fabric type TechTex trade: EU 28 is only No. 5 among Japan’s import suppliers of
fabric type Technical Textiles.
Figure 213: Japan Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014 – without DU products
Japan Fabric type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 74.36 135.91 160.47 197.99 218.52 994.52
Vietnam 4.14 9.94 16.07 29.81 44.78 172.39
Rep. of Korea 19.92 25.13 22.81 28.12 31.17 101.37
Other Asia,
13.72 18.94 19.08 16.82 18.67 83.03
nes
Indonesia 9.83 12.24 12.01 12.81 12.16 66.65
EU-28 3.57 4.09 3.59 4.46 4.11 97.92
India 4.56 5.71 3.93 3.89 3.41 13.51
Macao 1.17 2.89 2.60 2.91 3.38 17.04
Thailand 1.96 2.36 2.30 2.82 3.20 35.24
Philippines 2.33 4.65 3.76 4.01 3.17 16.08
USA 4.21 3.87 3.34 3.25 2.98 101.20
Others 7.18 4.13 3.29 4.25 4.89 29.13
Total kt 146.94 229.85 253.26 311.13 350.44
Total MUSD 685.91 974.38 1,313.25 1,639.44 1,728.09
Source: UN Comtrade
The EU – Japan TT trade balance in fabric type products is more or less breakeven.
Figure 214: Japan Fabric type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Japan Fabric type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Vietnam 1.36 5.66 9.98 15.01 16.16 67.05
China 7.08 10.43 12.86 11.37 6.86 197.40
USA 3.92 6.92 10.30 9.00 5.52 118.15
EU-28 4.14 4.45 5.66 4.53 4.28 86.11
Thailand 1.85 3.18 3.92 4.07 2.57 44.88
Germany 0.90 1.28 1.44 2.24 2.31 48.98
Other Asia,
6.19 3.46 2.92 3.68 2.26 47.29
nes
Rep. of Korea 6.02 2.69 4.02 3.06 1.65 47.15
Philippines 1.51 2.26 1.36 1.79 1.56 16.48
Indonesia 1.11 2.21 0.92 1.50 1.55 26.75
Hong Kong 3.42 2.84 2.55 1.49 1.47 45.86
Others 10.91 6.85 4.36 5.38 3.23 89.74
Total kt 48.42 52.23 60.28 63.11 49.41
Total MUSD 686.66 792.67 1,099.90 1,131.34 835.84
Source: UN Comtrade
- 326 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan – Key Fabric type import: EU supplies to Japan are stagnating. Bandages (wound
dressing) are the No. 1 product.
Figure 215: Japan – Key Fabric type import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
bulk containers, for
the packing of
630532 126.41 401.95 0.05 0.0% 0.27 0.77 0.31 0.27
goods, of synthetic
or man-made textile
materials
Tire cord fabric of
Nylon etc.
5608 etc; Fish net etc. of 29.26 139.19 0.34 1.2% 2.64 3.47 4.88 2.64
textiles
Sacks and bags, for
the packing of
goods, of
polyethylene or
630533 25.18 57.81 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00
polypropylene strip
or the like (excl.
flexible intermediate
bulk containers)
Mats of irregularly
701931 laminated glass 22.80 46.09 0.62 2.7% 2.55 1.33 2.20 2.55
fibres
Curtains, incl.
drapes, and interior
blinds, curtain or bed
valances of
630392 22.15 196.48 0.03 0.1% 1.77 1.52 1.33 1.77
nonwovens of
synthetic fibres (excl.
awnings and
sunblinds)
narrow fabrics, of
glass filaments, of
width of > 30 cm,
plain weave,
701952 weighing < 250 g/m², 20.52 96.99 0.02 0.1% 0.33 0.19 0.42 0.33
made of yarn of a
linear density of <=
136 tex per single
yarn (excl. fabrics
made from rovings)
Bandages Etc
3005 Coated Etc Or In 12.64 223.22 0.72 5.7% 39.98 35.97 39.23 39.98
Retail Medic Etc Fm
Source: UN Comtrade
- 327 -
Final Report
October 2016
Figure 216: Japan – Key Fabric type import 2014 (cont’d)
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share

5903 tire cord) coat etc, 10.27 107.45 0.65 6.30% 10.42 13.21 9.78 10.42
plastics
Synthetic filament
strip
Narrow woven
fabrics of textile
materials, with a
width of <= 30 cm
(excl. labels, badges
and similar articles);
5806 7.29 55.13 0.2 2.80% 4.96 4.13 4.79 4.96
narrow fabrics
consisting of warp
without weft
assembled by means
of an adhesive
"bolducs"
Textile products etc.
5911 for specific Tech 7.22 149.73 0.37 5.10% 20.49 21.4 20.61 20.49
uses nesoi
Tufted textile fabrics,
580230 other than floor 5.3 23.11 0.02 0.50% 0.2 0 0.19 0.2
covers
narrow fabrics, of
glass fibres, of a
width of > 30 cm
(excl. plain weave,
701959 4.07 30.55 0.17 4.30% 2.55 1.97 2.48 2.55
weighing < 250 g/m²,
of a linear density of
<= 136 tex per single
yarn, and fabrics
made from rovings)
Rubberized textile
5906 fabrics, other than 3.75 24.78 0.10 2.8% 1.76 1.66 1.12 1.76
tire cord
Woven fabrics of jute
or of other textile
531010 bast fibres of 3.21 4.94 0.00 0.0% 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.06
heading 5303,
unbleached
Source: UN Comtrade
- 328 -
Final Report
October 2016
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
520811 cotton for the 2.18 18.36 0.00 0.1% 0.11 0.28 0.46 0.11
manufacture
Textile hose piping
5909 and similar textile 1.35 14.58 0.30 22.3% 3.82 3.29 2.80 3.82
tubing
Thin sheets "voiles"
of irregularly
701932 1.22 5.86 0.05 4.1% 0.99 0.08 0.05 0.99
laminated glass
fibres
Woven fabrics of
701940 glass fibres made 1.17 3.51 0.07 6.0% 0.38 1.01 0.35 0.38
from rovings
Woven fabrics of
Nylon, other
narrow fabrics, of
701951 glass, of a width of <= 0.52 7.04 0.00 0.5% 0.15 0.38 0.11 0.15
30 cm (excl.
rovings)
Gauze (excl. narrow
5803 woven fabrics of 0.28 4.93 0.00 0.1% 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01
heading 5806)
Transmsn/Convyr
5910 belt,Tex mat,whthr/nt 0.26 5.32 0.08 30.2% 3.15 3.27 4.43 3.15
reinfcd, ctd
520821 Cotton for the 0.23 3.44 0.00 0.6% 0.08 0.13 0.15 0.08
manufacture
Textile book cov fab;
5901 trac cl; paint canvas 0.17 1.57 0.05 27.0% 0.83 0.26 1.22 0.83
etc.
curtain or bed
valances of
630399 0.15 3.17 0.01 5.1% 0.31 0.07 0.17 0.31
nonwovens (excl. of
fibres, awnings and
sunblinds)
Source: UN Comtrade
- 329 -
Final Report
October 2016
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Textl fabrc, coatd,
5907 etc,theatrcl scenery, 0.13 3.55 0.14 102.5% 1.02 1.07 1.53 1.02
Back-Cloths
coverings, of
polypropylene, woven,
not tufted or flocked, not
570250 of pile construction, not 0.09 0.47 0.54 617.5% 3.63 1.38 4.89 3.63
made-up (excl. Kelem,
Schumacks, Karamanie
and similar hand-woven
rugs)
Labels, badges and
Woven fabrics
551229 containing >= 85% 0.03 0.93 0.01 51.2% 0.78 0.86 1.19 0.78
Textile wicks for lamps
5908 0.01 0.39 0.00 13.4% 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
etc. and gas mantles etc
540810 Tenacity Viscose yarn, 0.01 0.20 0.01 101.9% 0.34 0.39 0.50 0.34
incl
531090 0.01 0.05 0.00 7.0% 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.07
colours, or printed
Woven fabrics of metal
5809 thread & metalized yarn 0.00 0.23 0.02 1173.8% 0.72 0.06 0.36 0.72
Nec
Total Without DU 360.7 1,835.63 4.76 1.3% 108.34 101.55 110.04 108.34
Source: UN Comtrade
- 330 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Industrial yarn (TT raw material, such as Polyester High Tenacity filament) trade: EU
is the No. 2 import supplier to Japan, though small in value.
Figure 219: Japan Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Japan Industrial yarn type Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Other Asia,
0.25 0.59 3.23 6.25 13.45 35.94
nes
China 0.00 0.02 1.68 2.69 3.58 10.52
Thailand 0.01 0.13 2.41 2.25 2.61 7.83
India 0.21 1.24 0.10 0.55 2.08 10.35
Rep. of Korea 1.13 0.28 1.00 1.51 1.85 5.13
EU28 1.03 1.57 2.34 1.75 1.56 14.95
Others 0.00 0.02 0.39 0.09 0.67 3.19
Total kt 2.64 3.85 11.16 15.09 25.80
Total
7.60 16.72 47.41 55.24 87.91
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
Figure 220: Japan Industrial yarn type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Japan Nonwoven type Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
Thailand 0.09 0.63 9.70 13.70 15.17 86.62
Philippines 0.08 0.08 2.53 5.94 7.35 34.84
China 0.95 0.50 1.09 2.84 5.20 34.73
Rep. of Korea 1.14 0.08 0.19 2.97 3.29 15.59
Vietnam 0.01 0.00 0.00 2.66 3.12 19.94
USA 7.11 7.36 2.61 3.05 2.03 31.70
Brazil 0.00 0.00 0.49 1.07 0.58 6.02
Other Asia,
1.26 0.58 0.46 0.73 0.55 2.49
nes
Netherlands 0.01 0.04 0.46 0.25 0.46 15.82
Hong Kong 0.05 0.07 0.32 0.29 0.29 5.74
Others 5.02 1.46 1.52 0.83 1.21 14.41
Total kt 15.72 10.8 19.37 34.33 39.25
Total
37.92 30.35 146.14 229.07 267.9
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 331 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Industrial yarn import:
Figure 221: Japan Industrial yarn import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
High-tenacity
540220 filament yarn of 17.15 42.09 0.00 0.0% 0.03 0.24 0.04 0.03
polyesters
High-tenacity
filament yarn of
540219 5.00 20.10 0.00 0.0% 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04
nylon or other
polyamides
High-tenacity yarn of
540310 viscose rayon 3.36 19.41 0.00 0.0% 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03
filament
High-tenacity 0.29
540211 filament yarn of 6.30 0.25 86.2% 5.09 9.55 0.01 5.09
aramids
Total 25.80 87.91 0.25 1.0% 5.19 9.87 0.12 5.19
Source: UN Comtrade
Not considered in this statistic are fibres which cannot be singled out as purely for TT use,
like viscose (part of which would be viscose FR, also exported to Japan) or specialty
nonwoven raw materials (like short fibres for wetlaid specialty papers).
- 332 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Made-ups type TechTex trade: EU import position in Techtex made-ups (selected
products only) is comparably weak.
Figure 222: Japan Made-ups type TechTex trade 2000-2014
Japan Made-ups Imports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
China 129.22 215.36 250.15 285.40 299.84 2041.39
Viet Nam 5.10 5.90 8.49 16.99 26.90 218.42
Indonesia 12.22 10.01 11.44 13.25 13.12 90.18
Thailand 6.79 11.71 13.90 11.03 10.65 107.84
Rep. of Korea 6.04 2.28 1.63 2.37 3.39 65.71
Bangladesh 2.43 2.08 1.80 2.86 3.16 26.44
Other Asia,
3.39 2.91 1.90 2.35 2.56 36.15
nes
India 1.13 0.83 0.70 1.70 1.79 20.23
Myanmar 0.22 0.30 0.45 1.11 1.33 19.73
EU-28 1.75 1.41 1.16 1.15 1.38 91.18
Others 8.61 5.79 3.56 4.42 4.31 63.80
Total kt 176.90 258.59 295.18 342.64 368.43
Total
1137.01 1578.88 2246.90 2787.82 2781.08
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
The trade balance is nevertheless positive

Figure 223: Japan Made-ups type TechTex trade 2000-2014 (cont’d)
Japan Made-ups Exports
kt 2014
Area 2000 2005 2013 2014
2010 MUSD
EU-28 0.73 0.93 2.65 2.26 1.61 40.02
Other Asia,
0.31 0.46 0.52 0.56 1.15 8.90
nes
Viet Nam 0.02 0.04 0.40 0.36 0.82 9.55
China 0.75 1.31 1.57 0.92 0.67 23.52
USA 0.48 0.77 0.63 0.53 0.43 19.42
China, Hong
0.26 0.37 0.46 0.24 0.36 9.85
Kong SAR
Belgium 0.09 0.46 0.40 0.34 0.31 5.09
Mexico 3.06 0.16 0.08 0.24 0.25 4.38
France 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.24 5.35
Thailand 0.78 0.67 0.35 0.30 0.24 5.03
Others 2.95 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.16
Total kt 9.48 7.35 7.09 5.93 6.07
Total
158.73 145.26 199.68 144.58 135.27
MUSD
Source: UN Comtrade
- 333 -
Final Report
October 2016
Japan Made-ups import: The main EU export product is garments (PPE), showing good
growth between 2010 and 2014
Figure 224: Japan Made-ups import 2014
2014
Description Total
Imports
%
share
Sacks and bags,
of a kind used for
6305 the packing of 153.37 468.05 0.09 0.06% 1.88 1.89 1.87 1.88
goods, of all types
Made-up articles
of textile materials,
6307 122.69 1240.26 0.63 0.52% 23.93 16.25 19.40 23.93
incl. dress
patterns, n.e.s.
Gloves, mittens
and mitts, knitted
611693 34.85 184.93 0.01 0.02% 0.76 0.99 0.94 0.76
or crocheted Of
synthetic fibres
Industrial and
Occupational
6203-
garments 19.10 531.27 0.25 1.32% 27.89 25.32 31.36 27.89
6204
(Considered 11%
of total trade
Tarpaulins,
awnings and sun
for boats,
6306 15.14 104.95 0.18 1.20% 3.28 1.99 4.07 3.28
sailboards or land
craft; camping
goods of all types
Garments, made
621010 9.46 86.19 0.03 0.27% 30.96 9.84 21.73 30.96
up of fabrics
Total 368.43 2781.08 1.38 0.38% 91.18 58.67 81.07 91.18
Source: UN Comtrade
- 334 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 7:
Japan market and trade in Technical Textiles
TechTex company profiles by country
- USA
- Brazil
- South Korea
- Japan
- 335 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 8: TechTex company profiles by country

USA
- 336 -
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
- 339 -
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
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Final Report
October 2016
Brazil
- 344 -
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October 2016
- 345 -
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
South Korea
- 353 -
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October 2016
- 354 -
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October 2016
- 355 -
Final Report
October 2016
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October 2016
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Final Report
October 2016
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October 2016
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Final Report
October 2016
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October 2016
Japan
- 361 -
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October 2016
- 362 -
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October 2016
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October 2016
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October 2016
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Final Report
October 2016
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Final Report
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End of Appendix 8:
TechTex company profiles by country
TechTex commercial codes
- 368 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 9: TechTex commercial codes
Yarn (9 Codes)
Sr. No HS Codes Description
1 300610 Sterile surgical catgut, similar sterile matter, etc.
2 5204 Cotton sewing thread, whether or not put up for retail sale
3 5401 Sewing thread of man-made filaments, whether or not put up for retail
sale
4 5508 Sewing thread of man-made staple fibres, whether or not put up for
retail sale
5 5604 Rubber thread and cord, textile covered, textile yarn, Impregnated
coated, covered, sheathed with rubber
6 5605 Metallized yarn, whether or not gimped being textile yarn, strip or
powder or covered with metal
7 5606 Gimped yarn & strip, 5404/5405 chenille yarn, loop wale-yarn
7 5607 Twine, cordage, ropes & cables, coated etc. or not
9 5609 Article of yarn, strip or the like heading 5404 or 5405, twine, cordage,
NES
Industrial Yarn (4 Codes)
1 540220 High-tenacity filament yarn of polyesters
2 540219 High-tenacity filament yarn of nylon or other polyamides
3 540211 High-tenacity filament yarn of aramids
4 540310 High-tenacity yarn of viscose rayon filament
- 369 -
Final Report
October 2016
Nonwovens (14 Codes)
1 5601 Text. wadding & articles; Text. fibres Nov 5 Mm, etc.
2 5602 Felt, impregnated, coated, etc. or not
3 5603 Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, etc.
4 6302 22 10 Nonwovens – Printed bedlinen of nonwovens of man-made fibres
5 6302 32 10 Nonwovens – Bedlinen of nonwovens of man-made fibres (excl.

printed)
6 6302 53 10 Nonwovens – Table linen of nonwovens of man-made fibres
7 6302 93 10 Nonwovens – Toilet linen and kitchen linen of nonwovens of man-

made fibres (excl. floor cloths, polishing cloths, dishcloths and
dusters)
8 7019 39 00 Webs, mattresses, boards and similar nonwoven products, of glass

fibres (excl. mats and thin sheets "voiles")
9 96190031 Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin li
10 96190039 Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin li
11 96190041 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles, kni
12 96190049 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles, of
13 96190030 Sanitary towels and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies
and similar sanitary articles, of wadding of textile materials
14 96190040 Sanitary towels, tampons and similar articles, of textile materials

(excl. of wadding)
- 370 -
Final Report
October 2016
Fabrics (36 Codes), Part 1
1 5903 Textile fabrics (not tire cord) coat etc., plastics
2 5906 Rubberized textile fabrics, other than tire cord
3 5608 Knotted net of twine etc; Fish net etc. of textiles
4 580230 Tufted textile fabrics, other than floor covers
5 3005 Bandages etc. coated etc. or in retail medic etc. fm
6 52081110 Plain woven fabrics of cotton for the manufacture
7 52082110 Plain woven fabrics of cotton for the manufacture
8 5310 10 Woven fabrics of jute or of other textile bast fibres of heading 5303,
unbleached
9 5310 90 Other woven fabrics of jute or of other textile bast fibres of heading
5303, bleached, dyed, made of yarn of different colours, or printed
10 54071000 Woven fabrics of high tenacity yarn, nylon, other
11 540720 Synthetic filament yarn fabric from the strip
12 54081000 Woven fabrics of high tenacity viscose yarn, incl.
13 55122990 Woven fabrics containing >= 85% Acrylic or modacrylic
14 57025031 Carpets and other floor coverings, of polypropylene, woven, not

tufted or flocked, not of pile construction, not made-up (excl. Kelem,
Schumacks, Karamanie and similar hand-woven rugs)
15 57025039 Carpets and other floor coverings, of man-made textile materials,

woven, not tufted or flocked, not of pile construction, not made up
(excl. those of polypropylene and Kelem, Schumacks, Karamanie
and similar hand-woven rugs)
16 5803 Gauze (excl. narrow woven fabrics of heading 5806)
17 5806 Narrow woven fabrics of textile materials, with a width of <= 30 cm

(excl. labels, badges and similar articles); narrow fabrics consisting
of warp without weft assembled by means of an adhesive "bolducs"
- 371 -
Final Report
October 2016
Fabrics (36 Codes), Part 2
18 5807 Labels, badges and similar articles, of textile materials, in the piece,
in strips or cut to shape or size, not embroidered
19 5809 Woven fabrics of metal thread & metalized yarn Nec
20 5901 Textile book cov fab; trac cl; paint canvas etc.
21 5902 Tire cord fabric of iigh tenacity yarn, nylon etc.
22 5907 Textl fabric, coated, etc., theatrcl scenery, back-cloths
23 5908 Textile wicks for lamps etc. and gas mantles etc.
24 5909 Textile hose piping and similar textile tubings
25 5910 Transmission/conveyor belt, tex. mat, whether/not reinforced, ctd
26 5911 Textile products etc. for specific tech uses nesoi
27 63039210 Curtains, incl. drapes, and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances of
nonwovens of synthetic fibres (excl. awnings and sunblinds)
28 63039910 Curtains, incl. drapes, and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances of
nonwovens (excl. of cotton and synthetic fibres, awnings and
sunblinds)
29 630532 Flexible intermediate bulk containers, for the packing of goods, of

synthetic or man-made textile materials
30 630533 Sacks and bags, for the packing of goods, of polyethylene or

polypropylene strip or the like (excl. flexible intermediate bulk
containers)
31 7019 31 00 Mats of irregularly laminated glass fibres
32 7019 32 00 Thin sheets / ‘voiles’ of irregularly laminated glass fibres
33 7019 40 00 Woven fabrics of glass fibres made from rovings
34 7019 51 00 Woven fabrics, incl. narrow fabrics, of glass, of a width of ≤ 30 cm

(excl. rovings)
35 7019 52 00 Woven fabrics, incl. narrow fabrics, of glass filaments, of width of >
30 cm, plain weave, weighing < 250 g/m², made of yarn of a linear
density of ≤ 136 tex per single yarn (excl. fabrics made from rovgs)
36 7019 59 00 Woven fabrics, incl. narrow fabrics, of glass fibres, of a width of > 30
cm (excl. plain weave, weighing < 250 g/m², of a linear density of ≤
136 tex per single yarn, and fabrics made from rovings)
- 372 -
Final Report
October 2016
Made-ups (28 Codes), Part 1
Industrial and Occupational garments

(Considered 11% of total trade)
1 620322 Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers, bib and
brace overalls, breeches and shorts (other than swimwear). // -
Ensembles : // -- of cotton
Ensembles : // -- of synthetic fibres
Ensembles : // -- of other textile materials
Jackets and blazers : // -- of cotton
Jackets and blazers : // -- of synthetic fibres
Jackets and blazers : // -- of other textile materials
Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts : // -- of
cotton
Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts : // -- of
synthetic fibres
Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts : // -- of other
textile materials
10 620422 Women's or girls' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, dresses, skirts,

divided skirts, trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts
(other than swimwear). // - Ensembles : // -- of cotton

(other than swimwear). // - Ensembles : // -- of synthetic fibres
- 373 -
Final Report
October 2016

(other than swimwear). // - Ensembles : // -- of other textile
materials

(other than swimwear). // - Jackets and blazers : // -- of cotton

(other than swimwear). // - Jackets and blazers : // -- of synthetic
fibres

(other than swimwear). // - Jackets and blazers : // -- of other textile
materials

(other than swimwear). // - Trousers, bib and brace overalls,
breeches and shorts : // -- of cotton

breeches and shorts : // -- of synthetic fibres

breeches and shorts : // -- of other textile materials
19 621132 Track suits, ski suits and swimwear; other garments. // - Other
garments, men's or boys' : // -- of cotton
garments, men's or boys' : // -- of man-made fibres
garments, women's or girls' : // -- of cotton
garments, women's or girls' : // -- of man-made fibres
- 374 -
Final Report
October 2016
Description – Other Made-ups
23 6306 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile
articles; rags // Tarpaulins, awnings and sunblinds; tents; sails for
boats, sailboards or landcraft; camping goods.
24 6305 Sacks and bags of a kind used for packing of goods
25 6307 Other made up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile
articles; rags // Other made up articles, including dress patterns.
26 870821 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 87.01 to

87.05. // - Other parts and accessories of bodies (including cabs) : //
-- Safety seat belts
Description – Gloves
27 611693 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted //

Gloves, mittens and mitts, knitted or crocheted. // - Other : // -- Of
synthetic fibres
Description – Nonwoven Garments
28 621010 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or

crocheted // Garments, made up of fabrics of heading 56.02, 56.03,
59.03, 59.06 or 59.07. // -Of fabrics of heading 56.02 or 56.03
- 375 -
Final Report
October 2016
Prodcom codes
Prodcom – Yarn type (13 Codes)
Sr. No Code Description
1 13106200 Cotton sewing thread
2 13108510 Sewing thread of man-made filaments
3 13108550 Sewing thread of man-made staple fibres
4 13941130 Twine, cordage, rope or cables, of sisal or other textile fibres of

‘agave’, of jute or other textile bast fibres and hard leaf fibres
(excluding binder or baler twine)
5 13941153 Sisal binder or baler (agricultural) twines
6 13941155 Polyethylene or polypropylene binder or baler (agricultural) twines
7 13941160 Cordage, ropes or cables of polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon or

other polyamides or of polyesters measuring > 50 000 decitex, of
other synthetic fibres (excluding binder or baler twine)
7 13941170 Twines of polyethylene or polypropylene, of nylon or other

polyamides or polyesters measuring ≤ 50 000 decitex (5 g/m)
(excluding binder or baler twine)
9 13941190 Twines, cordage, rope and cables of textile materials (excluding

jute and other textile bast fibres, sisal, abaca or other hard leaf
fibres, synthetic fibres)
10 13961100 Metallised yarn or metallized gimped yarn
11 13961300 Rubber thread and cord, textile covered; textile yarn and strip
impregnated, coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics
12 21202430 Sterile surgical catgut
13 32505030 Sterile surgical or dental adhesion barriers, whether or not

absorbable; sterile suture materials, including sterile absorbable
surgical or dental yarns (excluding catgut); sterile tissue adhesives
for surgical wound closure; sterile laminaria and sterile laminaria
tents; sterile absorbable surgical or dental haemostatics
- 376 -
Final Report
October 2016
Prodcom – Nonwoven type (13 Codes)
1 13102600 Jute and other textile fibres (except flax, true hemp and ramie),
processed but not spun
2 13102900 Other vegetable textile fibres, processed but not spun
3 13921270 Bed linen of non-woven man-made fibres (excluding knitted or

crocheted)
4 13921370 Table linen of non-woven man-made fibres
5 13921470 Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of non-woven man-made fibres
6 13921570 Curtains and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances, of non-woven

materials
7 13922953 Floor-cloths, dish-cloths, dusters and similar cleaning cloths, of non-

woven textiles
7 13931930 Needlefelt carpets and other needlefelt textile floor coverings

(excluding tufted or flocked)
9 13951010 Non-wovens of a weight ≤ 25 g/m² (including articles made from

non-wovens) (excluding articles of apparel, coated or covered)
10 13951020 Non-wovens of a weight of > 25 g/m² but ≤ 70 g/m² (including

articles made from non-wovens) (excluding articles of apparel,
coated or covered)
11 13951030 Non-wovens of a weight of > 70 g/m² but ≤ 150 g/m² (including

articles made from non-wovens) (excluding articles of apparel,
coated or covered)
12 13951050 Non-wovens of a weight of > 150 g/m² (including articles made from
non-wovens) (excluding articles of apparel, coated or covered)
13 13951070 Non-wovens, coated or covered (including articles made from non-

wovens) (excluding articles of apparel)
- 377 -
Final Report
October 2016
Prodcom – Fabric types (24 Codes), Part 1
1 13201400 Woven fabrics of jute or of other textile bast fibres (excluding flax,
true hemp, ramie)
2 13202019 Woven fabrics of cotton, not of yarns of different colours, weighing

≤ 200 g/m², for technical or industrial uses (excluding gauze,
medical gauze)
3 13202049 Woven fabrics of cotton, not of yarns of different colours, weighing >
200 g/m², for technical or industrial uses
4 13202079 Woven fabrics of cotton of yarns of different colours, for technical or

industrial uses
5 13203130 Woven fabrics of man-made filament yarns obtained from high

tenacity yarn, strip or the like (including nylon, other polyamides,
polyester, viscose rayon)
6 13204400 Gauze (excluding medical gauze, narrow woven fabrics)
7 13204500 Tufted textile fabrics (excluding tufted carpets and other textile floor
coverings)
7 13204600 Woven fabrics of glass fibre (including narrow fabrics, glass wool)
9 13922150 Sacks and bags, of knitted or crocheted polyethylene or

polypropylene strip, used for packing goods
10 13922170 Sacks and bags, of polyethylene or polypropylene strip, used for

packing goods (excluding knitted or crocheted)
11 13941233 Made-up fishing nets from twine, cordage or rope of man-made

fibres (excluding fish landing nets)
12 13941235 Made-up fishing nets from yarn of man-made fibres (excluding fish
landing nets)
13 13941253 Made-up nets from twine, cable or rope of nylon or other

polyamides (excluding netting in the piece produced by crochet,
hairnets, sports and fishing nets)
14 13941255 Made-up nets of nylon or other polyamides (excluding netting in the

piece produced by crochet, hairnets, sports and fishing nets, those
made from twine, cable or rope)
15 13941259 Knotted netting of textile materials (excluding made-up fishing nets

of man-made textiles, other made-up nets of nylon or other
polyamides)
- 378 -
Final Report
October 2016
Prodcom – Fabric type (24 Codes), Part 2
16 13961200 Woven fabrics of metal thread and woven fabrics of metallised yarn,
used in apparel, as furnishing fabrics or similar purposes
17 13961400 Textile fabrics, impregnated, coated or covered n.e.c.
18 13961500 Tyre cord fabrics of high tenacity yarn, of nylon, other polyamides,
polyesters or viscose rayon
19 13961620 Textile hose piping and similar textile tubing, whether or not
impregnated or coated, with or without lining, armour or accessories
of other materials
20 13961650 Textile wicks, conveyor belts or belting (including reinforced with

metal or other material)
21 13961680 Textile fabrics and felts, for paper-making machines or similar

machines (including for pulp or asbestos-cement)
22 13961730 Narrow woven fabrics other than labels, badges and other similar
articles
23 13961750 Labels, badges and similar articles in textile materials (excluding

embroidered)
24 13961770 Braids in the piece; tassels and pompons, ornamental trimmings

(excluding knitted or crocheted)
- 379 -
Final Report
October 2016
End of Appendix 9:
TechTex commercial codes

TechTex short list product definition
- 380 -
Final Report
October 2016
Appendix 10: TechTex short list product definition
Category HS code Definition
300610 Sterile Surgical Catgut, Similar Sterile Mater, etc.

Yarn type
Twine, Cordage, Rope & Cables, Coated etc. or Not
5607 5609 Article of yarn, strip or the like heading 5404 or 5405, Twine, cordage, NES
3005 Bandages Etc Coated Etc Or In Retail Medic Etc Fm
5903 Textile Fabrics (Not Tire Cord) Coated, etc, Plastics
5911 Textile Products, Etc. For Specific Tech Uses Nesoi

Synthetic Filament Yarn Fabric From The Strip
540720
Fabric
Curtains, incl. drapes, and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances of nonwovens of
630392 synthetic fibres (excl. awnings and sunblinds)
Narrow woven fabrics of textile materials, with a width of <= 30 cm (excl. labels,
5806 badges and similar articles); narrow fabrics consisting of warp without weft assembled
by means of an adhesive "bolducs"
5902 Tire Cord Fabric Of High Tenacity Yarn, Nylon Etc
Weighing not more than 25 g/m2 (chiefly

560311&91 spunbond)
560312&13 Nonwovens, Whether Or Not Weighing more than 25 g/m2 but not more than
Impregnated, Coated Etc 150 g/m2 (chiefly spunlace)
560392&93
Nonwoven 560314&94 Weighing more than 150 g/m2 (chiefly needlefelt)
Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies, and similar
961900 articles
630222 Nonwovens -Bedlinen of nonwovens of man-made fibres (excl. printed)

(32,53,93)
540211 High-tenacity filament yarn of aramids
Industrial yarns 540219 High-tenacity filament yarn of nylon or other polyamides
540220 High-tenacity filament yarn of polyesters
Garments made up of nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or

621010 laminated
620332 (33,42,43)
Made-ups 621132 (33,42,43)
Industrial and occupational garments
Tarpaulins, awnings and sun blinds; tents; sails for boats, sailboards or land craft;
6306 camping goods of all types of textile materials
- 381 -
Final Report
October 2016
- 382 -
Final Report
October 2016
- 383 -
Final Report
October 2016
Krefeld 28th October, 2016

Gherzi van Delden GmbH
Contractor
Catalogue No.: EA-06-16-167-EN-N
ISBN: 978-92-9202-216-7
Version language: EN
- 384 -
Final Report
October 2016
END OF REPORT
- 385 -

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Final Report

Country Reports on Technical Textiles (‘TT’)

Gherzi van Delden GmbH

Contents of this report

Part A: Contract Data and Context of the Report 3

Part B: Study Abstract 6

Part C: Executive Summary 10

Part D: Main Report (including Appendix) 43

A. CONTRACT DATA AND CONTEXT OF THE REPORT

© European Union, 2016 doi: 10.2826/128173

Service Contract No.: EASME/COSME/2014/018

Contract Title: Country Reports on Technical Textiles (‘TT’)

Date of Contract Signing 6 June 2015

Contracting Authority Executive Agency for Small and Medium-

Delivery Partner: Gherzi van Delden GmbH, Krefeld (D)

Duration of the Project 16 months from the date of signature*

* Prolongation granted on 2nd September 2016 ‘till 29th November 2016

General purpose of the mission

a) Exploit US market opportunities in above average CAGR (annual growth) sophisticated

faraway market. However, Gherzi shares recommendations to improve the EU producers’

Table of Contents – Part C

C.1.1. Objectives and expected results of the mission

 help European TechTex businesses to gain better access to foreign markets

C.1.2. Project scope (Summary)

 Yarn type Technical Textiles (like sewing threads or medical sutures)

C.2. Market segmentation and consumption model

Regional TechTex consumption

C.3. EU TechTex scenario

C.4. EU TT consumption and trade

C.5. Overview on the regulatory and custom related TT framework

C.5.1. Forex (Foreign Exchange rates)

C.5.2. Free Trade Agreements (‘FTAs’)

 The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP),

C.5.3. Import duty

C.5.4. Norms and standards

C.6. Cost analysis and segmentation

C.7. TT market scenario for the four countries of the mission

TT consumption / capita 76 USD / a

TechTex consumption (roll good and threads) 24.1 Bn USD

TechTex imports 12.2 Bn USD

% import share 51%

TechTex imports from EU 2.28 Bn USD

EU share of TechTex imports 19%

Source: Gherzi analysis

C.7.1.2. Key trade and market related trends

C.7.1.3. Key Success Factors (‘KSF’) to profit from market

TT consumption / capita 20.8 USD / a (28% of USA)

TechTex imports 1.15 Bn USD (9% of USA)

% import share 27% (51% in USA)

TechTex imports from EU 0.22 Bn USD (2.28 Bn USD in USA)

EU share of TechTex imports 20% (19% in USA)

Source: Gherzi analysis

C.7.2.2. Key trade and market related trends

C.7.2.3. Key Success Factors (‘KSF’) to profit from market

C.7.3. South Korea

TT consumption / capita 66 USD / a (87% of USA)

TechTex imports 2.0 Bn USD (16% of USA)

% import share 61% (51% in USA)

TechTex imports from EU 0.23 Bn USD (10% of USA)

EU share of TechTex imports 13% (19% in USA)