NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or

withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.

Designation: F 423 – 95 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal
Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems4

1.1 This specification covers factory-made polytetrafluoro- 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:
ethylene (PTFE) plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe, fittings, and B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings5
flanges primarily intended for conveying corrosive fluids. B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings5
Included are requirements for material, workmanship, dimen- B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings5
sions, working pressure and temperature, design, fabrication, Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code6
test methods, marking, as well as qualification requirements. 2.3 MSS Standards:
MSS SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings7
NOTE 1—This specification does not include products coated with 2.4 Federal Standard:
PTFE.
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)8
1.2 This specification covers ANSI Class 150 and 300 2.5 Military Standard:
PTFE-lined pipe, flanges, and fittings in nominal diameters of MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage8
1⁄2 to 24 in. Pressure limitations shall be those established by

the manufacturer considering both pressure and temperature 3. Terminology

limitations of the ferrous metal housings and sealing ability of 3.1 Terminology—Definitions are in accordance with Ter-
the linear at flanged joints. minology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with
1.3 The PTFE-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies are Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbre-
limited for use from −20 to 500°F (−29 to 260°C). For use viation for polytetrafluoroethylene is PTFE.
below −20°F (−29°C) consult the manufacturer.
4. Materials
NOTE 2—The temperature limitations are based on noncorrosive test 4.1 Lining:
conditions. Use in specific aggressive environments may alter temperature
limitations. In such instances, specific temperature limits shall be estab-
4.1.1 Material—The lining shall be made from polytet-
lished by mutual agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. rafluoroethylene resins conforming to the requirements of
Specification D 1457, except that a maximum of 1 % by weight
1.4 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor- of additives or colorants, or both, is permissible for identifica-
mation purposes only. tion or other purposes. Organic additives or colorants, or both,
2. Referenced Documents if used, shall be identified in the manufac-turer’s specification.
4.1.2 The lining shall be made from virgin resin meeting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification D 1457 or clean unsintered reworked resin ca-
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings2
pable of meeting the performance requirements of this speci-
D 792 Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Density)
fication.
and Density of Plastics by Displacement3
4.1.3 Mechanical Properties—When tested in accordance
D 1457 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
with Specification D 1457 the minimum longitudinal tensile
Molding and Extrusion Materials3
strength and elongation shall be 3000 psi (21 MPa) and 250 %
D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
respectively and the transverse minimum values 2500 psi (17
Gradient Technique3
MPa) and 200 %.
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics3
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on Plastic Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6
Piping Systems and the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.11 on Composite Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
Pipe. New York, NY 10017.
7
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally Available from Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve and
published as F 423 – 75. Last previous edition F 423 – 93. Fittings Industry, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 502, Falls Church, VA 22041.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

1
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 F 423
4.1.4 Specific Gravity—The linings manufactured from 5. Requirements
PTFE resins meeting Specification D 1457, Types I and IV, 5.1 Dimensions:
shall have a specific gravity from 2.14 to 2.19, and those 5.1.1 Housings—Housing installation dimensions are as
manufactured from Type III shall have a specific gravity from required in the applicable material specification listed in Table
2.13 to 2.21, when tested in accordance with Test Methods 1.
D 792 or D 1505. 5.1.2 Wall Thickness—Pipe and fitting linings shall have a
4.2 Pipe and Fittings: minimum wall thickness and gasket face thickness as follows:
4.2.1 Mechanical properties of pipe and fitting shall con- Minimum Linear and Gasket Face Thickness
form to the requirements of the appropriate specification of Nominal Pipe Gasket Face
Table 1 except as they are influenced by accepted methods of Size, in. Liner Wall, in. (mm) Thickness, in. (mm)
processing in the industry, that is, Van Stone flaring, bending, 1 to 4 0.050 (1.3) 0.040 (1.0)
swaging, and welding. The carbon steel pipe and fittings shall 6 to 14 0.100 (2.5) 0.080 (2.0)
be welded or seamless steel, Schedule 40 or Schedule 80, 16, 18 0.125 (3.2) 0.100 (2.5)
20, 24 0.150 (3.8) 0.120 (3.0)
except that Schedule 30 may be used for pipe with 8 and 10-in.
nominal size. Schedule 20 may be used for 12-in. nominal size 5.1.3 Lining Flare Diameter—The outside diameter of the
and above with the agreement of the purchaser. Lighter PTFE flare covering the gasket face portion of the flange or the
schedules may be used by mutual agreement between the full face of the lap-joint stub end shall not be less than the
purchaser and the manufacturer. diameter specified in Table 2. The flared portion of the lining
4.2.2 Welding—All fusion welding shall be done by welders shall be concentric with the flared portion of the pipe within 1⁄16
or welding operators using welding procedures qualified under in. (1.6 mm).
the provisions of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure 5.1.4 Tolerances—Tolerances for pipe, flanges, and fittings
Vessel Code. shall be as specified in Table 3. Bolt holes in both flanges on a
4.2.3 Finish—The interior surfaces of all housings shall be fixed flange spool shall straddle the same center line to
clean and free of mold burrs, rust, scale, or other protrusions facilitate alignment. Finished lined (plastic flare to plastic flare)
that may adversely affect the integrity or performance of the fabricated fittings shall conform to the nominal face-to-face
lining. dimensions as specified in ANSI B16.42 or B16.5 with the
4.3 Back-Up Gaskets—Back-up gaskets shall be used to applicable tolerances.
cover the pipe end and gasket face of threaded or slip-on 5.2 Flange Construction:
flanges unless a full radius is provided at the end of the pipe 5.2.1 Screw-type flanges shall be secured in position to
and a smooth transition is provided at the junction of the pipe prevent inadvertent turning of the flange.
and flange. Gaskets may also be required on fittings to provide 5.2.2 Socket-type flanges shall be fully backwelded to the
accommodation or elimination, or both, of sharp corners that pipe housing and the inside surfaces of the socket flanges shall
could damage the lining. be ground smooth.

TABLE 1 Specifications for Steel Pipe and Fittings

Pipe Section Material Specifications

Piping carbon steel ASTM A 53 Welded and Seamless Steel PipeA (Types E and S)
ASTM A 106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA
ASTM A 135 Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel PipeA
ASTM A 513 Electric-Resistance Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingA
ASTM A 587 Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical IndustryA

Flanges ductile iron ASTM A 395 Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated TemperaturesB (60-40-18)
ASTM A 536 Ductile Iron Castings
ANSI B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
forged steel ASTM A 105 Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping ComponentsA
ASTM A 181 Forgings, Carbon Steel for General Purpose PipingA
cast steel ASTM A 216 Carbon-Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for High-Temperature ServiceA,B (Grade WCB)
steel ANSI B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Fittings ductile iron ASTM A 395 Ferritic Ductile Iron (for Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated TemperaturesB (60-40-18)
ASTM A 536 Ductile Iron Castings
ANSI B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fitting
forged steel ASTM A 105 Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping ComponentsA
ASTM A 181 Forgings, Carbon Steel for General Purpose PipingA
cast steel ASTM A 216 Carbon-Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for High-Temperature ServiceA,B (Grade WCB)
ASTM A 352 Ferritic and Martensitic Steel Castings for Pressure—Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature ServiceA,B
ASTM A 389 Alloy-Steel Castings Specially Heat Treated for Pressure Containing Parts Suitable for High-Temperature
ServiceA,B
carbon steel ASTM A 234 Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated TemperaturesA
steel ANSI B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
A
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
B
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.

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 F 423
TABLE 2 PTFE Flare Diameter with 5.5.2. The linings shall fit snugly inside the pipe and
fitting housings. Any bulges or other obvious indication of poor
Nominal Pipe Size, in. Minimum PTFE Flare Diameter, in. (mm) contact with the housing shall be cause for rejection.
⁄
12 1 1⁄4 (31.8) 5.4.2 The gasket seating surface of the linings shall be free
3⁄4 1 9⁄16 (39.7)
1 1 7⁄8 (47.6)
of surface defects that could impair sealing effectiveness.
1 1⁄2 2 11⁄16 (68.3) Scratches, dents, nicks, or tool marks on the seating surface
2 3 7⁄16 (87.3) shall not be deeper than 10 % of the wall thickness.
3 4 5⁄8 (117.5)
4 5 15⁄16 (150.8) 5.5 Performance:
6 8 (203.2) 5.5.1 Qualification—Lined pipe and fittings must be ca-
8 10 1⁄16 (255.6) pable of meeting the qualification requirements specified in
10 12 1⁄4 (311.2)
12 14 3⁄8 (365.1) 6.1.
14 15 1⁄2 (393.7) 5.5.2 Inspection—Each spool and fitting, prior to shipment,
16 17 3⁄4 (450.9) shall be hydrostatically or spark tested in accordance with
18 20 1⁄4 (514.4)
20 22 1⁄4 (565.2) 6.2.1.1 or 6.2.1.2 and shall subsequently be visually inspected
24 26 1⁄4 (666.8) to verify conformance to the requirements of 5.4.
6. Test Methods
TABLE 3 Tolerances for Pipe, Flanges, and Fittings, in. (mm)
6.1 Qualification Tests:
Pipe:
6.1.1 Temperature Test—Cycle representative production
Length 6 1⁄8 (63.2) samples of lined pipe and fittings in an oven from room
Fixed flange bolt hole alignment 6 1⁄16 (61.6) temperature to 500°F (260°C) to determine the ability of the
Flange perpendicularity (with pipe ⁄
3 32 in./ft (7.8 mm/m) of diameter
centerline)
lined components to withstand heat aging and temperature
Flanges: cycling. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90°
All dimensions See ANSI B16.42 or ANSI B16.5 elbows in each size.
Fittings:
All dimensions See ANSI B16.42 or ANSI B16.5
6.1.1.1 Test Method—Install blind flanges with a center vent
hole at the manufacturer’s recommended torque value, and
5.2.3 Slip-on flanges shall be fully backwelded. affix a thermocouple to the ferrous housing to measure the
temperature. Pipe spools shall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long up to
NOTE 3—No welding shall be done on lined components in the field the 4-in. size and 10 pipe diameters in sizes 6 in. and larger to
unless absolutely necessary and then only under the supervision of
a 10-ft (3-m) maximum length. After 1 h in an oven at 500°F
experienced and qualified personnel, since excessive heat can cause linear
decomposition and failure. It is recommended that lined components be (260°C) as indicated by the thermocouple, air cool the lined
hydrostatically tested as specified in 6.2.1.1 after any welding in the field. component to 122°F (50°C) maximum. Repeat this test for a
total of three cycles.
5.2.3.1 Modified slip-on flanges used as lap-joint flanges
6.1.1.2 Inspection—Inspect lined pipe and fittings after each
may be used with flared laps formed by flaring the pipe. The
cycle for distortion or cracks in the lining. At the completion of
radius of the fillet of the flared lap shall not exceed 1⁄8 in. (3.8
the third cycle, subject tested specimens to the hydrostatic or
mm) and the backing flange for the flared metallic lap shall
electrostatic test described in 6.2.1.1 or 6.2.1.2.
have a 1⁄8-in. bevel or 1⁄8-in. corner radius at the bore to provide
6.1.2 Steam-Cold Water Cycling Test—Subject representa-
clearance for the fillet of the flared lap. The outside diameter of
tive production samples of lined pipe and fittings to steam-cold
the flared lap shall be in accordance with the dimensions of an
water cycling to determine the ability of the lined components
ANSI B16.9 lap-joint stub.
to withstand rapid temperature changes. Test a minimum of
5.2.4 Lap-joint (or Van Stone) flanged ends may be manu-
two pipe spools, tees, and 90° elbows in each size.
factured by standard forming techniques or by using fully
6.1.2.1 Test Method—Assemble lined pipe and fitting with
welded Type A MSS SP-43 or ANSI B16.9 lap-joint stub ends.
suitable blind flanges having provision for the introduction of
Van Stone flares shall have a fillet radius compatible with the
steam, air, cold water, and for drainage. Install the flanges
corner radius of the mating flange and shall not contain any
using the manufacturer’s recommended torque value. Pipe
cracks or buckles. Van Stone flares and stub ends shall have a
spool length shall be 10 ft (3 m). Mount the sample in such a
radius to provide a smooth transition for the PTFE flare. Only
manner as to permit complete drainage and venting. Then
lap joint flanges in accordance with ANSI B16.42 and B16.5
subject it to 100 consecutive steam-cold water cycles, each
shall be used.
consisting of the following in the sequence given:
5.3 Venting—Each pipe and fitting shall be provided with a
(1) Circulate 125 6 5 psi (862 6 35 kPa) gage saturated
venting system that will release any pressure between the liner
steam through the sample until the ferrous housing skin
and the housing.
temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the
NOTE 4—A series of 1⁄16 to 5⁄32-in. (1.6 to 4.0-mm) diameter holes in the sample has been maintained at the maximum stabilized tem-
housings, or a helical groove system inside the housing, that connects perature for 10 min.
flange vents, has provided adequate venting. (2) Close off steam.
5.4 Workmanship: (3) Circulate water at a maximum temperature of 77°F
5.4.1 Pipe and fitting linings shall show no evidence of (25°C). Circulate the cooling water until the ferrous housing
pinholes, porosity, or cracks when inspected in accordance skin temperature adjacent to the flange at the outlet end of the

3
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 F 423
sample measures 122°F (50°C). 6.1.4 Retest—When a test specimen fails to meet the
(4) Vent and introduce air to purge the sample for a requirements of either 6.1.1.2, 6.1.2.2, or 6.1.3.3, seek and
minimum of 1 min, making certain that it is completely drained correct the cause of failure and repeat the specified test,
of water. doubling the number of test specimens.
6.1.2.2 Inspection—There shall be no evidence of leakage 6.2 Inspection Requirements:
from the venting system during the 100 cycles. At the comple- 6.2.1 Hydrostatic or Electrostatic Testing—Subject each
tion of the test, the liner shall evidence no buckling, cracking, lined pipe and fitting, prior to shipment, to a hydrostatic test or
or crazing. Formation of water blisters shall not be cause for electrostatic test as specified in 6.2.1.1 or 6.2.1.2. The test to be
rejection. used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless
otherwise specified by the purchaser.
NOTE 5—These surface blisters are formed due to absorption of the
steam vapors by the liner and subsequent condensation in the liner. The 6.2.1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test—The internal test pres-
blisters do not adversely affect liner performance. sure shall be 400 psi (2758 kPa) minimum, and the test shall be
conducted at ambient temperature. Fill the pipe or fitting
6.1.2.3 Subject the lined pipes or fittings to either the
completely with clean water and bleed the system free of all air
hydrostatic test described in 6.2.1.1 or, after drying, to the
prior to the application of pressure. Reach full test pressure
electrostatic test described in 6.2.1.2.
within 1 min and maintain for 3 min. Observe the pressure
6.1.3 Vacuum Testing—Test representative production
gage and the venting system in the test specimen throughout
samples of lined pipe and fittings to determine the vacuum
the pressure test for any evidence of leakage, which shall be
ratings of the lined components. Test a minimum of two pipe
cause for rejection.
spools, tees, and 90° elbows in each size. Conduct tests at room
6.2.1.2 Electrostatic Test—Conduct the test with a non-
temperature, at the manufacturer’s maximum recommended
destructive high-voltage tester at an output voltage of 10 000
service temperature, and at two intermediate temperature
V. A visible or audible spark, or both, that occurs at the probe
levels.
when electrical contact is made because of a defect in the liner,
NOTE 6—Vacuum-temperature ratings for pipe and fittings are pub- shall be cause for rejection.
lished in the manufacturers’ literature. 6.2.2 Final Inspection—After the requirements of 6.2.1
NOTE 7—The above vacuum test is performed on pipe and fittings that have been met, visually inspect each lined pipe and fitting prior
have not been exposed to prior service. Use in specific environments may
alter the vacuum-temperature ratings and these shall be established by
to shipment to verify conformance to the design and dimen-
mutual agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. sional requirements of this specification and 5.4.
6.2.3 Each spool or fitting shall bear an inspection verifica-
6.1.3.1 Test Method—For pipe spools, specimen length
tion mark on the housing to indicate compliance with the
shall be at least ten pipe diameters. Install a flange incorporat-
requirements of this specification.
ing a sight glass at one end and a blind flange suitable for
drawing a vacuum at the other end. Make provision for 7. Finish
measuring the ferrous housing temperature. Uniformly heat the 7.1 The outside surface of all lined pipe and fittings shall be
specimen externally with the sight glass end visible, and after coated with a corrosion-resistant primer over a properly
reaching the desired ferrous housing temperature, begin the prepared surface.
test. Hold a selected initial vacuum level for a minimum of 8
h and if no failure occurs, increase the vacuum by 5 in. Hg (17 8. Marking
kPa) up to the 4-in. size and by 2 in. Hg (6.8-kPa) increments 8.1 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to
for sizes 6 in. and larger. Repeat for 8-h minimum periods until the pipe in such a manner that it remains legible (easily read)
failure or full vacuum is reached. Failure is defined as any after installation and inspection have been completed.
buckling or collapse of the liner. If failure occurs at the initial 8.2 The pipe and fittings shall be marked with the following
vacuum level selected, test a new specimen at a lower vacuum information:
level to determine the failure threshold. The failure threshold 8.2.1 Nominal pipe size,
vacuum is defined as 1 in. Hg (3.4 kPa) below that at which 8.2.2 Liner material identification (PTFE),
failure occurs. 8.2.3 Manufacturer’s name (or trademark),
NOTE 8—The external pressure method can be used to simulate higher 8.2.4 This designation “ASTM F 423,” and
than full vacuum to establish the failure threshold when full vacuum does 8.2.5 Length (on pipe only).
not produce failure. With the use of pressure taps, an external pressure is 8.3 Other information such as, order numbers, part num-
applied between the liner outside diameter and the pipe inside diameter. bers, item numbers, etc., shall be provided at the request of the
6.1.3.2 Set the vacuum ratings 20 % below the failure purchaser.
threshold. 8.4 Pipe liner identification shall be provided on a band
6.1.3.3 At the test completion and after establishing the containing the raised letters “PTFE.” The band shall typically
vacuum rating, place a duplicate specimen in an oven at the test be located near the flange.
temperature. Apply the rated vacuum to the specimen after the
desired skin temperature has been reached. Achieve the rated 9. Packaging
vacuum within 2 min and apply continuously for 48 h. If no 9.1 The gasket face of each spool shall be protected by end
liner buckling or collapse occurs, the rated vacuum shall be plates or other suitable protective means.
considered acceptable. 9.2 Fittings shall have the same protective covers on the

4
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gasket faces unless protected by other means, such as indi- tract, the material shall be packaged in accordance with the
vidual boxing. supplier’s standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at
destination in satisfactory condition, and that will be accept-
10. Federal Procurement
able to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall
10.1 Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise speci- comply with Uniform Freight Classification rules.
fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon-
10.2.2 Marking—Marking for shipment shall be in accor-
sible for the performance of all inspection and test require-
dance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-
ments specified herein. The producer may use his own or any
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection 129 for military agencies.
and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by NOTE 10—The inclusion of U.S. Government procurement require-
the purchaser. The purchaser shall have the right to perform ments shall not be construed as an indication that the U.S. Government
any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification uses or endorses the products described in this document.
where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that
material conforms to prescribed requirements. 11. Quality Assurance
NOTE 9—In federal contracts, the contractor is responsible for inspec- 11.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
tion. F 423, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufac-
10.2 Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure- tured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
ment: specification and has been found to meet the requirements of
10.2.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified in the con- this specification.

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with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
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views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

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