LANGUAGE PAPERS

VITAL SIGNS

ARRANGED BY :
DEVI YULIANTI
NIM 1230123001

BACHELOR'S STUDY PROGRAM IN TRANSFER MIDWIFERY

LEVEL OF MIDWIFERY FACULTY AND
NAHDATUL UNIVERSITY NURSING
SURABAYA ULAMA IN 2023
 FOREWORD

Praise be to the presence of Allah SWT who has given His grace and guidance so
that I can complete the paper entitled vital signs (Body temperature – Blood pressure – Pulse
rate and Respiratory Measurement)
The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill assignments in the field of English
studies. Apart from that, this paper also aims to increase insight into vital signs (body
temperature – blood pressure – pulse rate and respiratory measurements) for readers and also
for writers.

Surabaya, 08 November 2023

Writer

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………….…….. i
List of contents ………………………………………………………………………………. ii
Chapter 1 Introduction
A. Background …………………………………………………………………………….. 1
B. Formulation of the problem ……………………………………………………………... 1
C. Objective ………………………………………………………………………………. 2
D. Benefit ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Chapter 2 Discussion
A. Body temperature ……………………………………………………………………….. 3
B. Thermometer ……………………………………………………………………………. 4
C. Pulse rate ………………………………………………………………………………... 4
D. Respiration rate …………………………………………………………………………. 5
E. Blood pressure ………………………………………………………………………….. 6
F. Sphygmomanometer ……………………………………………………………………. 6
G. Dialogue conversation ………………………………………………………………….. 7

Chapter 3 Conclusion
A. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………... 10
B. Suggestion …………………………………………………………………………….. 10

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Health care professionals are expected to conduct a variety of tests and measures to
effectively evaluate a patient's health condition. Assessing a patient’s vital signs is often the
first assessment that a clinician will perform. Vital signs are measurements of the body’s most
basic functions. Traditionally, vital signs have been described as body temperature, pulse,
respiratory rate, and blood pressure because through these basic functions a clinician can
determine signs of human life or death. Pain is often considered “the fifth vital sign,“. These
values alone, or in combination, will also help a clinician understand the relative risk to a
patient’s health and wellness by determining if the values deviate from known normative data
and by what degree. The values can be useful in establishing the presence of disease,
monitoring chronic disease states, and determining a differential diagnosis. These values are
dynamic and can change in an instant.

B. Formulation of the problem

1. What is meant by body temperature ?
2. What is meant by thermometer ?
3. What is meant by pulse rate ?
4. What is meant by respiratory rate ?
5. What is meant by blood pressure ?
6. What is a sphygmomanometer ?

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C. Objective

1. Know about vital signs

2. Know the benefits of vital signs
3. Know how to measure vital signs

D. Benefit

1. It is hoped that this will be useful for writers and readers regarding vital signs

2. So that readers understand how to use vital signs properly and correctly

3. Increase insight into vital signs (body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory

measurements)
 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION
A. Body temperature

Normal body temperature can range from 97.8° F (36.5°C) to 99°F (37.2°C) for a healthy
adult. Body temperature may be abnormal due to fever (high temperature) or hypothermia
(low temperature). A person's body temperature can be taken in any of the following ways:

1. Orally. Temperature can be taken by mouth using a digital thermometer that uses an
electronic probe to measure body temperature.

2. Rectally. Temperatures taken rectally tend to be 0.5°F to 0.7°F higher than when
taken by mouth. This is more common in babies because their body doesn't regulate
temperature the way an older child or adult's body does.

3. Armpit (axillary). Temperatures can be taken under the arm using a digital
thermometer. Temperatures taken by this route tend to be 0.3°F to 0.4°F lower than
those temperatures taken by mouth.

4. By ear. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the eardrum,
which reflects the body's core temperature (the temperature of the internal organs).

5. By skin. A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on
the forehead. Some thermometers don't require contact with the skin to get a
temperature reading.

6. Internally. This method is common in people who are critically ill in an intensive
care unit. The temperature can be measured by probes that are placed in the
esophagus, heart, or bladder.

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B. Thermometer

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature of body (the degree of hotness or

coldness of body).

C. Pulse rate

The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate. This is the number of times the heart beats
per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract
with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can
indicate the following:

▪ Heart rhythm

▪ Strength of the pulse

The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate
may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.

How to check your pulse ?

1. Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you
feel a pulse.

2. Start counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12.
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3. Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 30 seconds and then multiply by 2 to calculate
beats per minute).

4. When counting, don't watch the clock continuously, but concentrate on the beats of
the pulse.

5. If unsure about your results, ask another person to count for you.

D. Respiration rate?

The respiration rate is the number of breaths you take each minute. The rate is usually
measured when you are at rest. It simply involves counting the number of breaths for one
minute by counting how many times your chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with
exercise, fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it's
important to also note whether you have any trouble breathing.

▪ Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 16 to 24 breaths per
minute.
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E. Blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction
and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. It
results in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood
pressure falls.

Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number is called
systolic pressure. It refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and
pumps blood through the body. The lower number is called diastolic pressure. It refers to the
pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood. Both pressures are
recorded as "mm Hg" (millimeters of mercury).

High blood pressure directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. With
high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood.
This causes the heart to work harder to circulate the blood.

Blood pressure is categorized as normal and high blood pressure:

▪ The Normal blood pressure is systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80
(120/80)

▪ The high blood pressure is when systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or
higher

Your healthcare provider will want to see multiple blood pressure measurements over several
days or weeks before making a diagnosis of high blood pressure and starting treatment.

F. Sphygmomanometer

Instrument for measuring blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is
wrapped around the upper arm and is connected to an apparatus that records pressure, usually
in terms of the height of a column of mercury or on a dial (an aneroid manometer).
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VITAL SIGN ADULTS

BODY TEMPERATURE 36.5 – 37.5 C
PULSE 60 – 100 X/MINUTES
RESPIRATORY RATE (RR) 16-24 X/MINUTES
BLOOD PRESSURE LESS THAN 140/90 MMHG

G. Dialogue conversation

“VITAL SIGN”

Px : Assalamualaikum, Good morning

Asisten : Wallaikumussalam.. Good Morning...

Yes, please come in. Welcome to our clinic. My name is Devvi and
this is Mrs. Kasmita. I’ll help Mrs. Kasmita to give pregnancy care
today. But, before we start the check up, let me know what’s your
name and where do you live?

Px : Thank you, my name is Dhifa and this is my husband, Yudi. We live in

surabaya

Asisten : So what are you feeling Mrs. Dhifa?

Px : Nothing is bad, I just want to check my pregnancy actually

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Bidan : Oh, I see. Is it your first pregnancy?

Px : Yes, this is my first pregnancy.

Bidan : Alright, did you remember when your last menstruation period was?

Px : Yes, it was on 1 augst 2023

Bidan : Okay, from your last menstruation periode, it’s been 7 weeks. Mrs.
Dhifa, you are in first trimester . Do you have problem in this pregnancy?

Px : Yes, I get vomiting this whole week. Sometimes I feel giddy and don’t
feel like eating at all.

Bidan : Oh, I see. It’s actually normal to have morning sickness throughout your
first and second trimester. Any other symptoms you complain of?

Suami : It is normal Mrs . Kasmita?

Bidan : Nothing to be worried at. It will be over after your wife have her second
trimester

Asisten : Alright, let me check your vital signs Mrs. Dhifa I will check
your blood pressure, temperature, respiration rate, and your pulse.

Px : Yes, please..

Asisten : Your weight is 55 kg with height is 155cm, you have good body mass
index. And then, your blood pressure is 120 / 80 MmHg, the body
temperature ’s 36o C, the pulse is 80 times/minute and the respiratory
rate is 20 times /minute

Bidan : From all the check-ups we have, you are in normal condition. I give you
some vitamins and please take it everyday. Get plenty of rest too, you will feel better
After that. Come in if you’re feel another symptom.

Px : Thank you midwife

Suami : So, how many times should my wife have her pregnancy checked?

Bidan : Pregnancy checks at least six times during pregnancy. twice in the first
trimester. once in the second trimester. and 3 times in the third trimester
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Suami : yes, I know

Bidan : If your wife has another symtomps like feels ill, vaginal bleeding, severe
headache, and too weak to get out of bed, severe abdominal pain, please take
her to the hospital soon.

Px : Well, thank you mrs. Kasmita and miss devvi for your information, that’s
very helpful for us

Bidan dan ass : You are welcome. We hope mrs. dhifa is always good during this pregnancy
 CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

Vital signs include: blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, and respiratory rate.
Vital signs have a very important value for body function. Changes in vital signs have
meaning as an indication of the activity of the organs in the body. Body temperature is the
result of a balance between heat production and heat loss from the body to the environment.
The heat production produced by the body comes from, among other things: a. Metabolism of
b. Shivering or skeletal muscle contraction c. Increased production of the hormone thyroxine
(increases cellular metabolism) d. Infectious disease process e. Chemical thermogenesis
(direct stimulation of norepinephrine and epinephrine or from direct sympathetic stimulation)

B. Suggestion
That is what the author can explain regarding the material which is the subject of
this paper, of course there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses, due to limited
knowledge and the lack of existing references or references. The author hopes that readers
will provide constructive criticism and suggestions to the author for the perfection of this
paper. Hopefully this paper

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