國立高雄大學

111 學年度第二學期

理學院

普通化學會考

June 17, 2023 (Sat.)

09:30 ~ 11:30

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考試時間：120分鐘
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˙選擇題共 32 題，均為單選題。
1-30 題，每題 3 分；31-35 題，每題 2 分。
˙試卷請繳回。

參考資料

一、元素週期表

二、常數
R = 8.314 J/mol·K = 0.08206 L·atm/K·mol; Avogadro’s number = 6.022×1023; 1 atm = 101325 Pa
選擇題 (1-30 題，每題 3 分；31-35 題，每題 2 分)

(A) 1. For the equilibrium that exists in an aqueous solution of nitrous acid (HNO2, a weak acid), the
equilibrium constant expression is
(A) (B)

(C) (D) K = [H+][NO2–]

(E) none of these

(B) 2. Identify the Brønsted acids and bases in the following equation
(A = Brønsted acid, B = Brønsted base).
HPO42– + HSO4– H2PO4– + SO42–
(A) A B B A
(B) B A A B
(C) A B A B
(D) B B A A
(E) B A B A

(E) 3. The strong acid HA is added to water. Which of the following is the strongest base in the system?
(A) A– (B) HA (C) H3O+ (D) H2A– (E) H2O

(B) 4. For the reaction 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g), what is the relationship between K and Kp at
temperature T?
(A) Kp = K(RT)2 (B) K = Kp(RT) (C) K = Kp (D) Kp = K(RT) (E) K = Kp(RT)2

(A) 5. Consider the following reaction:

2HF(g) H2(g) + F2(g) (K = 1.00 × 10–2)
Given 1.18 mol of HF(g), 0.880 mol of H2(g), and 1.03 mol of F2(g) are mixed in a 3.00-L flask,
determine the reaction quotient, Q, and the net direction to achieve equilibrium.
(A) Q = 0.651; the equilibrium shifts to the left.
(B) Q =0.768; the equilibrium shifts to the left.
(C) Q = 0.768; the equilibrium shifts to the right.
(D) Q = 0.651; the equilibrium shifts to the right.
(E) Q = 1.17; the system is at equilibrium.
(C) 6. When the substances in the equation below are at equilibrium at pressure P and temperature T, how
can the equilibrium be shifted to favor the products?
CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g)
Change in enthalpy = –2.0 kJ.
(A) Increase the pressure by adding an inert gas such as nitrogen.
(B) Allow some gas to escape at constant pressure and temperature.
(C) Decrease the temperature.
(D) Increase the pressure by means of a moving piston at constant temperature.
(E) Add a catalyst.

(B) 7. The pH of a 0.010 M weak acid solution is 5.28. Calculate Ka for this acid.
(A) 1.9×10–9 (B) 2.8×10–9 (C) 5.3×10–6 (D) 3.6×10–16 (E) 5.3×10–8

(E) 8. Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 46.0 mL of 0.350 M NaA (Ka for HA = 1.0 × 10–9)
with 26.0 mL of 0.190 M HCl.
(A) 9.00 (B) 9.51 (C) 8.65 (D) 9.07 (E) 9.35

(B) 9. The acids HC2H3O2 and HF are both weak, but HF is a stronger acid than HC2H3O2.
HCl is a strong acid. Order the following according to base strength.
(A) Cl– > F– > C2H3O2– > H2O
(B) C2H3O2– > F– > H2O > Cl–
(C) C2H3O2– > F– > Cl– > H2O
(D) F– > C2H3O2– > H2O > Cl–
(E) none of these

(D) 12. You have a solution of 0.10 M Cl– and . You add 0.10 M silver nitrate dropwise into

the solution. Ksp for Ag2CrO4 is 9.0 × 10–12 and for AgCl is1.6 × 10–10. Which of the following
will precipitate first?
(A) silver nitrate
(B) silver chromate
(C) cannot be determined from the information given
(D) silver chloride
(E) none of these

(C) 11. The Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 2.0 × 10–32. At what pH will a 0.2 M Al3+ solution begin to show
precipitation of Al(OH)3?
(A) 8.4 (B) 5.6 (C) 3.7 (D) 10.3 (E) 1.0
(E) 10. Which of the following titration curves schematically represents a diprotic acid being titrated by a
strong base?
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(E) None of the above

(13-16) A general reaction written as 2A + 2B → C + 2D is studied and yields the following data.
[A]0 [B]0 Initial Δ[C]/Δt
0.100 M 0.100 M 4.00 × 10–5 mol/L • s
0.200 M 0.100 M 4.00 × 10–5 mol/L • s
0.100 M 0.200 M 8.00 × 10–5 mol/L • s

(D) 13. What is the order of the reaction with respect to B?

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 1 (E) 0

(E) 14. What is the overall order of the reaction?

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 1

(B) 15. What are the proper units for the rate constant for the reaction?
(A) L mol–1 s–1 (B) s–1 (C) L3 mol–3 s–1 (D) mol L–1 s–1 (E) L2 mol–2 s–1

(D) 16. What is the numerical value of the rate constant?

(A) 4.00 × 10–1 (B) 4.00 × 10–2 (C) 4.00 × 10–3 (D) 4.00 × 10–4 (E) none of these
(D) 17. For the reaction 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected.
t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L)
0 1.24 × 10–2
10. 0.92 × 10–2
20. 0.68 × 10–2
30. 0.50 × 10–2
40. 0.37 × 10–2
50. 0.28 × 10–2
70. 0.15 × 10–2
The half-life of this reaction is approximately _______.
(A) 18 min (B) 36 min (C) 15 min (D) 23 min (E) 45 min

(D) 18. The following questions refer to the reaction 2A2 + B2 → 2C. The mechanism below has been
proposed:
step 1 (very slow) A2 + B2 → R + C
step 2 (slow) A2 + R → C
Which step(s) is(are) rate-determining?
(A) a step that is intermediate between step 1 and step 2
(B) both steps
(C) step 2
(D) step 1
(E) none of these

(E) 19. When a stable diatomic molecule spontaneously forms from its atoms, what are the signs of ΔH°,
ΔS°, and ΔG°, respectively?
(A) + + +
(B) – – +
(C) – + +
(D) + – –
(E) – – –

(A) 20. Given the following data, calculate the normal boiling point for formic acid (HCOOH).
ΔH°f (kJ/mol) S° (J/K•mol)
HCOOH(l) –410. 130.
HCOOH(g) –363 251
(A) 115°C
(B) 82°C
(C) 2.57 K
(D) 1730°C
(E) 388°C
(B) 21. For which of the following processes would ΔS° be expected to be most positive?
(A) O2(g) + 2H2(g) → 2H2O(g)
(B) 2NH4NO3(s) → 2N2(g) + O2(g) + 4H2O(g)
(C) N2O4(g) → 2NO2(g)
(D) H2O(l) → H2O(s)
(E) NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(g)

(A) 22. Water gas, a commercial fuel, is made by the reaction of hot coke carbon with steam.
C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
When equilibrium is established at 800°C, the concentrations of CO, H2, and H2O are
4.00 × 10–2 mol/L, 4.00 × 10–2 mol/L, and 1.00 × 10–2 mol/L, respectively.
Calculate the value of ΔG° for this reaction at 800°C.
(A) 16.3 kJ (B) 109 kJ (C) 193 kJ (D) –43.5 kJ (E) none of these

(C) 23. Which of the following statements is/are true of work in reversible and irreversible processes?
1. Achieving the maximum work available from a spontaneous process can occur only via a
hypothetical pathway.
2. In any real cyclic process, work is changed to heat in the surrounding, and the entropy of the
universe increases.
3. Achieving the maximum work available from a spontaneous process can occur via a real pathway.
(A) 1 only (B) 3 only (C) 1 and 2 (D) 2 and 3 (E) 1 and 3

(A) 24. Which of the following result(s) in an increase in the entropy of the system?

I.

II. Br2(g) → Br2(l)

III. NaBr(s) → Na+(aq) + Br–(aq)
IV. O2(298 K) → O2(373 K)
V. NH3(1 atm, 298 K) → NH3(3 atm, 298 K)
(A) I, III, IV (B) I, II, III, IV (C) I (D) II, V (E) I, II, III, V

(D) 25. How many electrons are transferred in the following reaction?
2Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6Cl– → 2Cr3+ + 3Cl2 + 7H2O
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 8 (D) 6 (E) none of these
(E) 26. A strip of copper is placed in a 1 M solution of copper nitrate, and a strip of silver is placed in a 1 M
solution of silver nitrate. The two metal strips are connected to a voltmeter by wires, and a salt
bridge connects the solutions. The following standard reduction potentials apply:
Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s) E° = +0.34 V
When the voltmeter is removed and the two electrodes are connected by a wire, which of the
following does not take place?
(A) Negative ions pass through the salt bridge from the silver half-cell to the copper half-cell.
(B) The silver electrode increases in mass as the cell operates.
(C) Electrons flow in the external circuit from the copper electrode to the silver electrode.
(D) Some positive copper ions pass through the salt bridge from the copper half-cell to the silver
half-cell.
(E) There is a net general movement of silver ions through the salt bridge to the copper half-cell.

(27, 28)
Reaction E° (volts)
Na+ + e– → Na –2.71
Al3+ + 3e– → Al –1.66
Fe2+ + 2e– → Fe –0.44
Co2+ + 2e– → Co –0.28
Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu +0.34
Ag+ + e– → Ag +0.80
Cl2 + 2e– → 2Cl– +1.36
F2 + 2e– → 2F– +2.87

(E) 27. Which of the following would be the best reducing agent?
(A) F– (B) F2 (C) Na+ (D) Cl2 (E) Na

(C) 28. Determine the standard potential, E°, of a cell that employs the reaction
Co + Ag+ → Co2+ +Ag
(A) 1.88 V (B) –1.08 V (C) 1.08 V (D) –0.52 V (E) none of these

(C) 29. Determine the equilibrium constant at 25°C for the reaction
Zn + Ni2+ → Zn2+ + Ni
Zn2+ + 2e– → Zn E° = –0.76 V
Ni-2+ + 2e– → Ni E° = –0.23 V
(A) 4.1 × 103 (B) 9.3 × 108 (C) 8.6 × 1017 (D) 6.4 × 10–6 (E) none of these
(C) 30. Why is aluminum protected from corrosion?
(Note: The standard reduction potential for Al3+ is –1.66 V.)
(A) Oxygen and aluminum have no affinity for one another.
(B) The oxidation of aluminum is not a favored process, as seen by the standard reduction potential
for Al3+.
(C) Aluminum forms a protective oxide coating.
(D) At least two of these are correct.
(E) Aluminum is not protected from corrosion.

(31-32) A 200.0-mL sample of the weak acid H3A (0.100 M) is titrated with 0.200 M NaOH. (Water is
always assumed to be a major species.)
(D) 31. After 350.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH is added, what are the major species at each of the following
points in the titration?
(A) A3–
(B) HA2–, A3–
(C) HA2–
(D) OH–, A3–
(E) H2A–, HA2–

(D) 32. After 100.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH is added, what are the major species at each of the following
points in the titration?
(A) H3A, HA2–, A3–
(B) H2A–, HA2–
(C) H3A, H2A–
(D) H2A–
(E) HA2–

(33-35) Use A, B, C, D, or E in the potential diagram to answer the following questions.

(A) 33. Which letter shows the activation energy?

(D) 34. Which letter shows the change in energy for the overall reaction?

(E) 35. Which letter shows the activation energy using a catalyst?