Assignment Brief for Learners & Feedback Form

Kiran chaudhari fulchand

Learner Name
Course Title Frankfinn Certificate in Aviation, Hospitality and Travel Management.
Assessor Name Sangeeta Kore
I.V. Name Soniya Salvi
Unit No. & Title 4 :- AVIATION INDUSTRY
9 :- OPERATIONAL TRAINING

Outcome Numbers & UNIT 4

Statements LO 1: Understand the roles, responsibilities, and functions of the cabin
crew. Learn - Types of the aircraft and its features, Aviation terms,
Interior and Exterior part of an aircraft

LO 2: Understand the range of Infight meal services and its procedure

.
LO 3: Learn and Analyze about the Dangerous Goods and issues related
to Aviation security

LO 4: Explain and Analyze the emergency situations.

UNIT 9
LO 1: Learn about Domestic and International airports.
LO 2: Know the different types of service equipment s in detail.
LO 3: Learn how to make Announcements.
LO 4: Learn different types of Safety emergency equipment s.

Issue Date 13-02-2024 Submission Date 14-03-2024

Learner s Declaration

I confirm, the contents of the final assignment submitted, is based on personal research and
analysis.
Learner Signature kiran chaudhari fulchand Date

Instruction Your assignment will not be accepted if it does not contain details of the text
material or unanswered or left incomplete

Guidelines: Students to attempt the below questions for getting PASS/ MERIT/
DISTINCTION
1. Write your responses in the space provided below the questions
2. Review your answers before submitting the Assignment

C4.A4/9
TIMELINE: You can take up to One week to submit the Assignments

Ques. 1. Briefly describe / write about the current updates in Aviation Industry
(MINIMUM- 5 points). Justify with articles taken from Websites, newspaper &
magazines. (PASS)
Ans. 1. Captain Shivani Kulkarni encouraged young girls to get into aviation as it
offers limitless possibility. She has etched her name in history as the first woman
pilot from Vidarbha to soar into the ranks of the Indian Air Force.

2. An IndiGo aircraft from Amritsar missed the taxiway after landing at the Delhi
airport on Sunday morning, February 11, leading to blocking of one of the runways
for around 15 minutes, according to a source.

3. The A320 aircraft, operating flight 6E 2221, went to the dead end of the runway
28/10 after missing the designated taxiway at the Indira Gandhi International Airport
(IGIA).

4. Airline stocks InterGlobe Aviation and SpiceJet were trading lower on Friday,
February 9, after news of a Parliamentary panel proposing route-specific capping of
airfares and setting up a new entity to excercise control over the ticket rates.
This comes in the backdrop of concerns of surging fares in various quarters.
Shares of InterGlobe Aviation, the parent company of IndiGo airlines, and of Spicejet
were trading 3.69% and 4.22% lower around noon.

5. Boeing Co, opens new tab said on Sunday it will have to do more work on about
50 undelivered 737 MAX airplanes, potentially delaying some near-term deliveries,
after its supplier Spirit AeroSystems, opens new tab discovered two mis-drilled holes
on some fuselages.
Boeing confirmed the findings in response to a Reuters query after industry sources
said an "edge margin", or spacing problem, had been found in holes drilled on a
window frame on some jets.
Boeing, which has been under fire from regulators and airlines since the Jan. 5
blowout of a door plug on a 737 MAX 9, said safety was unaffected and existing
737s could keep flying.

6. In the Parliament Question Hour session on Monday, February 5, the Ministry of

Civil Aviation responded in a written reply to Parliament, providing a detailed account
of the management and data protection measures in place for the Digi Yatra
initiative. The revelation comes as the government seeks to assure the public about
the privacy and security aspects of the digital platform set to transform air travel
experiences.
Managed by the Digi Yatra Foundation, a Not-For-Profit company created under
Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013, the Digi Yatra Central Ecosystem operates
outside the ambit of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the ministry said. This status is
designed to ensure focused governance and flexibility in the implementation of the
initiative.
The heart of the matter lies in the Digi Yatra Guidelines, "issued by the Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) through Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) No.
09/2022 dated 18.04.2022". These guidelines establish a decentralised mobile wallet-
based identity management platform, aiming to streamline passenger facilitation
while addressing data protection concerns.

Ques. 2. Describe the functionality of the parts mentioned below: (PASS)

Cockpit:
Ans The cockpit is the section where the pilot and the co-pilot manage the
aircraft. The two main functions of the cockpit are; to provide the pilot with a
good angle and to make all control mechanisms accessible to them. Planes are
also designed based on the same principle of any vehicle.

Cargo:
Ans Urgent materials such as radiopharmaceuticals for medical diagnosis or
treatment or high-value goods such as technological products and high value
commodities are typically shipped by air cargo. Air transport is also ideal for
certain food products such as fresh fish, exotic fruits and cut flowers also the
checked in baggages are kept in the belly of every aircraft

Exterior parts Primary and Secondary control:

Ans Main control surfaces include ailerons, rudders, and elevators. Secondary
control surfaces include spoilers, flaps, slats, and air brakes.

Interior parts Baby bassinet, Bulk Head, Coat compartment, Jump Seat:
Ans -Baby bassinet, Bulkhead, Coat compartment, Jump Seat: The baby
bassinet is a special compartment located in some planes where infants can be
placed during the flight. The bulkhead is a partition that separates the different
sections of the plane. The coat compartment is a storage area for passengers'
coats, and the jump seat is an additional seat for the crew or passengers.
 Slide Raft
Ans A slide raft is a safety device that can be used to evacuate passengers in the
event of an emergency. It is a large inflatable raft that can be deployed from the
plane and used as a life raft.

Cabin Inter Communication System

Ans: The Cabin Intercommunication System is a communication system that
allows the crew members to communicate with each other during the flight. It
includes an intercom and a public address system.

Passenger Service Unit

Ans Passenger Service Unit: The Passenger Service Unit is the panel located
above each seat that contains the air vent, reading light, and call button. It allows
passengers to adjust their personal environment during the flight

Ques 3. What are the duties and responsibilities of a Chief Purser? (PASS)
Ans The Chief Purser, also known as the Cabin Service Director, is a senior flight
attendant who is responsible for managing the cabin crew and ensuring the safety
and comfort of passengers during a flight. Some of the specific duties and
responsibilities of a Chief Purser may include:

1. Managing the cabin crew: The Chief Purser is responsible for overseeing and
managing the cabin crew, including scheduling, training, and performance
evaluations.

2. Ensuring passenger safety. The Chief Purser is responsible for ensuring that all
safety procedures and protocols are followed, including the use of emergency
equipment, handling of dangerous goods, and passenger safety briefings.
3. Managing passenger service. The Chief Purser is responsible for managing the
service provided to passengers, including meal and beverage service, duty-free
sales, and in-flight entertainment

4. Resolving passenger issues: The Chief Purser is responsible for resolving any
passenger complaints or issues, including medical emergencies, disruptive behavior,
or other incidents.

5. Maintaining cabin supplies: The Chief Purser is responsible for maintaining

adequate supplies of food, beverages, and other items needed for passenger
service, as well as cleaning supplies and equipment

6. Coordinating with the flight crew. The Chief Purser works closely with the flight
crew, including the captain and first officer, to ensure that all aspects of the flight are
properly coordinated and managed

Overall, the Chief Purser plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, comfort, and
satisfaction of passengers during a flight, as well as managing the cabin crew and
coordinating with other members of the flight crew.

Ques 4 - (a) What is the difference between? (PASS)

Narrow body and Wide body aircraft -Narrow body aircraft, also known as
single- aisle aircraft, are smaller planes with a single aisle and typically seat
between 100-200 passengers. Examples of narrow body aircraft include the
Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320. Wide body aircraft, also known as twin-aisle
aircraft, are larger planes with two aisles and typically seat more than 200
passengers, Examples of wide body aircraft include the Boeing 777 and the
Airbus A380. The main differences between narrow body and wide body
aircraft are their size, range, and passenger capacity, with wide body aircraft
generally having a longer range and larger passenger capacity.
 Major and Minor meal service -Major meal service is typically offered on
langer flights, such as international or transcontinental flights, and includes a
full meal with multiple courses. Minor meal service, on the other hand, is
typically offered.

Private and Commercial aircraft -Private aircraft, also known as general

aviation. aircraft, are planes that are privately owned and operated for
personal or business use. Examples of private aircraft include small
single-engine planes, helicopters, and private jets. Commercial aircraft, on the
other hand, are planes that are operated by airlines for commercial passenger
or cargo transport. Commercial aircraft come in a range of sizes, from small
regional jets to large wide-body planes, and are subject to a range of
regulations and safety requirements. The key difference between private and
commercial aircraft is their ownership and purpose of use, with private aircraft
typically being used for personal or business transportation and commercial
aircraft being used for public transport.

Ques. 4 (b) Which documents to be carried by crew for a domestic flight? (PASS)

Ans The documents required for crew members to carry on a domestic flight may
vary. depending on the country and airline. However, here are some common
documents that crew members are typically required to carry for a domestic flight:

1. Valid identification: Crew members are generally required to carry a government

issued photo identification, such as a passport or driver's license, to verify their
identity.

2. Crew member certificate: A crew member certificate is a document issued by the

aviation authority that confirms that the crew member is authorized to perform their
duties on the aircraft.

3. Airline identification: Crew members are typically required to carry their airline-
issued identification, such as a crew badge or uniform, to verify their affiliation with
the airline

4. Flight documents: Crew members are typically required to carry the flight
documents, including the flight plan, weather reports, and other relevant information,
to ensure that they are prepared for the flight.

It is important for crew members to check with their airline and review the relevant
regulations and requirements to ensure that they have all the necessary documents
before the flight.

Ques 5. (a)Describe the Embarkation & Disembarkation procedure for Special

handling passengers mentioned below. (PASS)

UNM
Ans UNM (Unaccompanied Minor):

1. At check-in, the parent or guardian must fill out the necessary paperwork and

provide identification for both themselves and the child. 2. The airline staff will
then escort the child to the departure gate and introduce

them to the flight attendant who will be responsible for them during the flight. 3.
The flight attendant will ensure that the child is seated in a safe and appropriate

location, and will provide any necessary assistance or comfort during the flight. 4.
Upon arrival, the flight attendant will escort the child off the aircraft and ensure
that they are met by the designated person at the destination airport

Expectant mother
Ans. Expectant mother
 1. The airline staff may provide priority boarding for the expectant mother to allow
them to board the aircraft before other passengers.
2. They may be provided with a seat with extra legroom, or in a location that is
more comfortable for them.
3. The airline staff may also provide any necessary assistance during the flight,
such as helping the expectant mother with her luggage or providing additional
pillows or blankets.
4. Upon arrival, the airline staff may provide priority disembarkation for the
expectant mother to allow them to exit the aircraft more quickly.

Mother with infant

Ans 1. The airline staff may provide priority boarding for the mother with infant to
allow them to board the aircraft before other passengers.
2. They may be provided with a seat with extra space for the infant or in a
location that is more comfortable for them.

3. The airline staff may also provide any necessary assistance during the flight,
such as helping the mother with infant to stow their luggage, providing additional
pillows or blankets or providing in-flight baby bassinets.

4. Upon arrival, the airline staff may provide priority disembarkation for the
mother with infant to allow them to exit the aircraft more quickly.

Deportee
Ans.

1. The airline staff may provide escorts for the deportee to ensure their safety and
security during the flight.

2. The deportee will be boarded onto the aircraft and securely restrained as

necessary 3. During the flight, the escorts will ensure that the deportee is safe
and under

control, and will take any necessary actions if they become agitated or violent.
 4. Upon arrival, the deportee will be escorted off the aircraft and handed over to
the appropriate authorities.

Wheel Chair passenger

Ans. 1. The airline staff may provide a wheelchair for the passenger if needed and
may also provide priority boarding and disembarkation to allow them to board
and exit

the aircraft more easily. 2. The airline staff will also ensure that the passenger is
seated in an appropriate location on the aircraft and will provide any necessary
assistance during the flight, such as helping them with their luggage or providing
in-flight assistance.

3. Upon arrival, the airline staff may provide a wheelchair for the passenger and
assist them in exiting the aircraft and the airport.

Ques 5 (b) What precautions to be taken by an Airline for transportation of

Dangerous Goods? (PASS)
Ans. Ans Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) by airlines is subject to strict
regulations and guidelines established by international bodies such as the
International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO). Here are some of the precautions that airlines typically take to
ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods

Proper labeling and packaging: Dangerous goods must be properly labeled and 1.
packaged in accordance with the regulations established by the IATA and other
international bodies. This includes using appropriate hazard labels, marking and
labeling packages, and using proper packaging materials.

2. Training of employees: All airline employees who handle dangerous goods must
receive proper training and certification. This training covers topics such as
classification, identification, packaging, and handling of dangerous goods.

3. Separation and segregation of dangerous goods: Dangerous goods must be

separated and segregated from other cargo and passenger baggage to prevent
accidental contact and potential hazards.
4. Use of appropriate equipment: Airlines must use appropriate equipment for
loading, unloading, and transporting dangerous goods, including using vehicles. and
equipment designed to handle hazardous materials.
5. Compliance with regulations: Airlines must comply with all regulations and
guidelines established by the IATA and other intemational bodies, as well as any
regulations and guidelines established by local authorities. Overall, airlines take many
precautions to ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods, including proper
labeling and packaging, employee training, separation and segregation, use of
appropriate equipment, and compliance with regulations.

Ques 6. Explain Aviation Terms: (PASS)

• Child fare -Child fare refers to a discounted airfare that is offered to children
between the ages of 2 and 11 who are traveling on a commercial flight. The child fare
is usually lower than the adult fare, but higher than the infant fare, which is offered to
children under the age of 2 who do not occupy a seat

• Scheduled Flight- A scheduled flight is a commercial flight that operates on a

regular schedule, as opposed to a charter flight, which is typically arranged for a
specific group or purpose. Scheduled flights are operated by airlines and typically
follow set routes and schedules.

• May Day- May Day is a distress signal used in aviation to indicate an emergency
situation. The phrase "May Day" is derived from the French term 'm'aidez, which
means help me". The distress signal is typically broadcast on the aircraft's radio.
frequency and may also be accompanied by visual signals, such as fiares or smoke

• Baggage allowance- Baggage allowance refers to the amount of luggage and

personal items that a passenger is allowed to bring on a flight without incurring
additional fees. Baggage allowances vary by airline and may be based on factors
such as the class of service, destination, and frequent flyer status.

• Wind shear-Wind shear is a sudden change in wind speed or direction that can
occur during takeoff, landing, or in-flight. Wind shear can cause a sudden loss of lift
and airspeed, which can be dangerous for aircraft. Pilots are trained to recognize
and respond to wind shear to ensure the safety of the aircraft and passengers

• Dog House-Dog house is a slang term used in aviation to refer to the cockpit or
flight deck of an aircraft. The term may have originated from the small, cramped size
of early aircraft cockpits, which were said to resemble a dog house.

• Chocks-Chocks are wedge-shaped blocks that are used to prevent an aircraft

from rolling or moving while it is parked on the ground. Chocks are typically placed in
front of and behind the aircraft's wheels to ensure that it remains stationary. Chocks
are commonly used during maintenance, loading and unloading, and other ground
operations.

Ques - 7 (a) Analyze the below mentioned Emergency Equipment: (Merit)

Name of the Used in what kind of emergency

emergency
equipment
Smoke Hood Used to protect the respiratory system
from toxic gasses and smoke in the event
of a fire
Oxygen Bottle Used to provide oxygen to a person who is
having difficulty breathing, such as in
cases of respiratory distress or high
altitude sickness
Fire axe Used to break through doors, windows,
and walls to rescue people trapped in
burning buildings or to create ventilation
openings to prevent a backdraft
Asbestos Used to protect hands and arms from heat
Gloves and flames in high-temperature situations
and hazardous materials containing
asbestos fibers
Fire Used to extinguish small fires or contain
Extinguisher them before they become larger

Door barrier estering a room or to prevent a door from

strap being forced open due to strong winds or
structural damage

Mega Phone Used to amplify a voice and make

announcements in emergency situations,
such as during evacuations or crowd
control.

ELT Used to locate downed aircraft and

provide distress signals to search and
rescue teams in aviation emergencies.

7 (b) Abbreviations: (Merit)

ATA: Actual Time of Arrival

DGCA: Directorate General of Civil Aviation

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

ATF: Avlation Turbine Fuel

RWY: Runway

APU: Auxiliary Power Unit

JNML: Jain Meal

MOML: Moslem Meal

HNML Hindu Meal

BBML: Baby Meal

DBML Diabetic Meal

Ques. 7 (c) Give the timings for all Major meal and Minor meal services? (Merit)
Ans The timings for Major meal and Minor meal services can vary depending on the
airline, the route, and the duration of the flight. However, generally, the following are
the meal services offered during the flight:

1. Breakfast: Typically served on early moming flights and usually offered between
5:00 AM to 9:00 AM
2. Lunch Usually served on mid-day flights and offered between 11:00 AM to 2:00
PM

3. Dinner: Served on evening and overnight flights, and the service window can be
between 5.00 PM to 8:00 PM.

4. Snack or Refreshment: Offered on shorter flights, typically v with a duration of

fewer than 2-3 hours. These can be served any time during the flight.

5. Beverage Service: Typically offered multiple times during a flight, which includes
tea, coffee, soft drinks, and water.

It is worth noting that the exact timings for meal services may vary between different
airlines and routes, so it is recommended to check with the airline for specific
information

Ques 8 (a). Define Decompression? What are the types of Decompression and
what is the procedure to be followed by the Cabin crew to handle during
decompression and post decompression? (DISTINCTION)
Ans: Decompression refers to the sudden decrease in air pressure that occurs when
an aircraft loses cabin pressure. This can happen due to various reasons such as
equipment failure, structural damage, or other emergencies.

There are two types of decompression:

1. Explosive Decompression: This occurs when there is a sudden and rapid loss of
cabin pressure, which can cause an explosive burst of air to rush out of the cabin

2. Rapid Decompression: This occurs when there is a sudden loss of cabin pressure,
but the air rushes out of the cabin at a slower rate than in explosive decompression

Here are the general procedures that cabin crew should follow during and after
decompression:

During Decompression

1. Don Oxygen Mask Cabin crew must don their oxygen masks as soon as possible
to avoid hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and other related issues.

2. Notify the flight deck: Inform the flight deck about the decompression and follow
their instructions.

3. Secure the cabin: Ensure that all passengers are seated with their seat belts
fastened, and all loose items are secured.
4. Prepare for emergency descent: In case of explosive decompression, prepare the
cabin for an emergency descent.

5. Assist passengers. Calm and reassure the passengers, and help them with their
oxygen masks and other needs

After Decompression:

1. Assess the situation: Once the aircraft is at a safe altitude and stabilized, assess
the situation and check for any injuries or damages.

2. Inform the passengers: Keep reassure them. the passengers informed of the
situation and 3. Check the cabin: Conduct a thorough check of the cabin and report
any damages
or issues to the flight deck. 4. Provide first aid. Administer first aid to any passengers
or crew members who

may have been injured during the decompression. 5. Report to the authorities:
Report the incident to the relevant authorities as per standard operating procedures.

It is worth noting that the exact procedures and protocols for handling
decompression may vary between different airlines and aircraft types, and cabin
crew are trained to follow the specific procedures of their airline.

8 (b) What are the different cuisines of the world - region wise (European cuisine,
East and South East cuisine, South Asian cuisine, American cuisine and Mexican
cuisine) Explain in detail with dishes? (DISTINCTION)
Ans Here is an overview of some popular cuisines from different regions of the world,
along with some of their most famous dishes

1. European Cuisine.

a. French Cuisine: French cuisine is known for its rich and diverse flavors, with
dishes such as Coq au Vin (chicken cooked in red wine), Beef Bourguignon (beef
stew), Ratatouille (vegetable stew), Croissants, and Crème Brûlée.

b. Italian Cuisine: Italian cuisine is known for its simplicity and use of fresh ingredients,
with dishes such as Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Minestrone soup, and Tiramisu.
. Spanish Cuisine Spanish cuisine is known for its bold flavors and regional
specialties, with dishes such as Paella (rice dish with seafood or meat) Tortilla
Espanola (Spanish omelet), Gazpacho (cold soup), and Churros.

2. East and Southeast Asian Cuisine:

a. Chinese Cuisine: Chinese cuisine is known for its variety of flavors, with dishes
such as Kung Pao Chicken, Sweet and Sour Pork, Dim Sum (steamed dumplings),
and Peking Duck.

b. Japanese Cuisine: Japanese cuisine is known for its minimalism and fresh
ingredients, with dishes such as Sushi, Ramen (noodle soup), Tempura (battered
and deep-fried seafood or vegetables), and Yakitori (grilled skewered chicken).

c. Thai Cuisine. Thai cuisine is known for its use of spices and herbs, with dishes
such as Tom Yum Goong (spicy shrimp soup), Pad Thai (stir-fried rice noodles),
Green Curry, and Mango Sticky Rice

3. South Asian Cuisine

a. Indian Cuisine: Indian cuisine is known for its diverse and complex flavors, with
dishes such as Butter Chicken, Biryani (spiced rice dish with meat or vegetables),
Dal Makhani (lentil stew), and Samosas (savory pastries).

b. Pakistani Cuisine: Pakistani cuisine is known for its rich flavors and aromatic
spices, with dishes such as Biryani, Nihari (slow-cooked meat stew), Haleem (lentil
and meat stew), and Chicken Tikka

c. Bangladeshi Cuisine: Bangladeshi cuisine is known for its use of spices and herbs,
with dishes such as Fish Curry, Biryani, Biranji (rice pilaf), and Luchi (deep-fried
bread).

4. American Cuisine

a. Southern Cuisine: Southern cuisine is known for its comfort food and bold flavors,
with dishes such as Fried Chicken, Biscuits and Gravy, Gumbo (stew with seafood or
meat), and Jambalaya (rice dish with meat and vegetables).

b. Tex-Mex Cuisine: Tex-Mex cuisine is a fusion of Mexican and American cuisine,

with dishes such as Tacos, Fajitas, Enchiladas, and Queso Dip.
c. American Barbecue: American barbecue is known for its slow cooking techniques
and smoky flavors, with dishes such as Pulled Pork, Ribs, Brisket, and Combread.

5. Mexican Cuisine:

Mexican cuisine is known for its bold flavors and use of spices, with dishes such as
Tacos, Enchiladas, Guacamole, Salsa, and Quesadillas.

Overall, these are just a few examples of the many different cuisines that can be
found around the world, and there are countless other dishes and regional
specialties to explore within each cuisine.

8 (c) Do a case study of any actual mishap of an air crash. Your concluding
statements should give your own opinion as a result of the research conducted by
you. (DISTINCTION)
Ans As an Al language model, I do not have opinions, but I can provide a case study
of a significant air crash and the findings and recommendations from the
investigation.

One such case is the crash of AirAsia Flight 8501 on December 28, 2014. The
flight was scheduled to travel from Surabaya, Indonesia, to Singapore, but
crashed into the Java Sea, killing all 162 people on board
The subsequent investigation found that the accident was primarily caused by
the failure of the aircraft's rudder travel limiter unit, which caused a series of
events that led to the loss of control of the aircraft. The report noted that the
pilots were overwhelmed by the number of warnings they received and were
unable to diagnose the problem and respond appropriately.

The investigation also revealed several contributing factors, including the lack of
proper crew training and experience in responding to similar emergencies,
inadequate monitoring of the aircraft's maintenance, and poor communication
between the cockpit and the maintenance team

As a result of the investigation, several recommendations were made, including

improved crew training and procedures for responding to emergencies,
enhanced maintenance procedures, and better communication between pilots
and maintenance personnel

In conclusion, the crash of AirAsia Flight 8501 highlights the importance of

proper maintenance and training procedures, as well as effective
communication between all parties involved in the operation of an aircraft. The
recommendations from the Investigation serve as valuable lessons for the
aviation industry to prevent similar incidents in the future.