FrBROUS JUINISLO3 Marus

msuue

onlemoen m phae
uunes T
unat olenticulat uomauy &chhdnio.
plone

F1BROLS JOLNIS-
dlyineshuas anto a e ehesr imvmcouaulss a pAvmt anly
ligkti mcumomt
Aatu+dhe sbon yawming dhe ainss coa dunnd dy
hnauo Cammectino tinauo
iboauo jaint dacks jesint couity
YPES Of FrGROusJOINT
idu es-+* tho auticuleto vQlaco au Ceommactud Uay

PLANE
DPLANE SUTURES = s t u l e t s Auspoce L
Gor
ubano au alain c Emaceth
duuw
eamplo =mecem ealeiUino
3SERRATE SUTORE
aulcito epacocol
Con Con

Cumd ntasulnck in jtaaauw yaahtn SERRAE

Eomaledaggtad &ulww

3DENICULATE SUTURE- asluculate mangin

Gor
iko Aaictieun
abano pRADeD keh
eoch atho
Juorh intisdack u t h PN1CU.AT
Suliw.
LOmale - lambthld
auPeuulnto auaco
SOUANOUS SUTURE
a t w w c u ulaliuely
l a t and
SaU CUS
Ou dop eoch ccthon.
Cempo pasiental dutwu
Eacmplo
 SSCHINDYLESES:- doa aeriaLAd
Cullw uoheot a uidgo ue Cona baone Rnuma
Sphamoid
n o guame dhe Co-thesbome
JCRmAsA
Eacmale comt dolio utha matum o
phamcaid bone amd dhe t l s alae a vam@9

. ndleommcoeo= ivo bames ata Cmmactid| nked dy

ccomaidealss gydlin amoun coctomneatiL u n u
EacCmale» miicosbecruo Suadio uloaoindt
nteuceaecmus ibinilsule i n t
unseia ibioibdlas Yont Bon CorA
Jbv occum lamona a ui-teha
impomastapeoiasPointo

3.omphoneo= haaliadhucuD in
wlicter to che aectuin u utb h
m Laluoalcs amckat o mamolil
md dho maoull
venlon
Sockt
Quu- 2. Aucib uynovnal joumb. Clauuy aynoval jounts w
examblu Cos Maus
ds huy
hy a szpanatd by a mawuoo cavdy (adieuloe cavity)
Lwhich is illud uwith onparunt Aymovial luid. JhuLainli
ax enetoua ty a flbrouu capaula Jhy avu aho knoum as
dianthnodiol 0nts
h charadiuitio ratiru ymoual joumb au.
1) 7hjoin ar covvud by a thin hyalun cailag.
2.) Aticulo apaule a ) itu fibrous capul
6) Imnv symovial mumbHOm
3 Jhu Synovinlmumbramy mit u m t a t thu aricuulon
Catdagek
) nynovtal fuid broviclu lubuccaliom and mubitien
to the joint

Closscalen oynovial youmts

a) Plan uma
tingu oinbs
Pivot joimbs
a) Comdylan
.
e)ipoidal ounts
Sadd joimts
Ball and sockt joimbs

oPlam jonls rlucular f awjacs au

mlanly a .
Pumit quding amd eliding movemunts. Exampll
micapal ovnmbs
mtitaAal joums
)iung jomt (Gnglymusona) Dliculor Awfacs
Ovu
bully hakud. Movtmunt is in ont duuclion.ÉXample
Eubous HOUnt | huumuo- DAna 0int
mtirphaongsal jomb
iot Ainss [ rochoid joimt) s-0nt bonu Maundud
ts mto thi concaviby thi othun benu. Movemunt has
Jmitid Hotaten anond umtial axis, ExamblL
upvuot Radio-Umar yonbs
Medial atlaito-axtal joimbs

d)Condylan joinb 8 Roumd Convex o om

Awtoc
V
n A imto the comcawe sOcRut ykl anloulan swYac
Ob kone. Movemimt b biaxial. Exanmbl
Right amol yt mboro- Momdlibulor joimbb
mu ouns

e)ELLhAoidal jeinit Comvex swoc ooru bonL

9>
aticulatha with the ellpicol comco wjac Amot-
ben. EamblRadb canbal ovntswit joinbs]
stlonto- occzpilal oinb.

Sadole jount / Sellan junb] Aticulan Awyoeu

a saddlu shaprd i.e, Concav0- cemweX Exomal
DD

t cambo- mitacanpal oinb

Smb clavmcularu jomtas
-

Convex
9 all Amd Sockt jointh Sphvodal uimt]sckut
f
Aulac o on bomu i imto the cub-ik1
amithur kon. Exambli
Hip omt langut ball ej sockit joint
Shouldut oint
Jibrous cahul
SymovLal MpmbMam
Convex
Aducular swyaca ynoual flud
AHleular cartilog
Concav Atular
wLoc
 CARTILAGE oS Mars
Deinititon Catilege s capecialised Comnecki ve ss ue Compased
tssue
ocells(chondootytes) Cmd b.Collegen o yellow elastic)
mbedded in a
m,gel-Like mlik.

unckions
) ovide 9uigidiby Qnd uhat
@ Psovide octt glidin ue
Lnable devtapmskt cond got okong Bone
ypes 3 ypes a Hyalie Ccnbikege
b Etosttc Cosubkoge
C) Rbkocasbkge

Pectuses
widely dsbrt bukedl)
Hyaline Casblee (mast
Cakau glossy 3uish j trGnspasank
aued nat visi ble
mot x Collagen hses delitok

Chondo Phasent in Ksge no

insy ingoups inside lacunae.
Pesichondsium Paesent (excepbon Abicula Cabile_e
enden to colcij Cowmmon
ErGhles,o fhyoid lakilege Cuaid Casilase Ccstcl cask lejes
13ched un Nusal Caskilage. Asicudon Cusbilages o
Bondil cskilege mestJeinks

Peichomdsium
mtsix
> (apsuda Condenael
Lacumae

Ce mests
Elasbic Ccoeklage,
Pesut chondoi um
Ccoowh Yllowish
E lasic
msix sich in elastin bses
*Chondsoces nmeous
Pecked moae ckosely inside lecunae

*Peoichondsium Pausen lsse Cumd

endem o_calcdy Lessless Common. closely hecked ckon docyhes

Cxcnble 0 na o extenal ees Epiglotis Auditory bubes

Cuneitasm Castilege Casniculck Caskilage
Exteanl Audi tory Meatus

Scbaoccsksleg,
caloun kie,opeque ick bundle
mak ix tick bundles o collagen bhes. No
Collgeb9e
Peaichondoium
Ckondso oe e in mo.
Acaterad igy co askenjed in Rows
Pesichondsi um Absenk
eudeey to alefy Absem
Amall chandroyles
Excambles79at
Snteve.tebhal disca intepubic lisc
Menis o knee jaiut Cnlanoid laboum,Acelabulah Jabum
Anki cudas
Cosileses o ttmpono mesneli budes Atno- clavi cusus
-

,
Omd Cuchoio- clavículas
jaints.
Aiulcs dases o tembcamo mandibules, Alemo- cßevicusos
Cund inesúGN Ladio - Wnts joinds
L oMnte beliven Hyalime tantilog amd tlastic
cautilag.e oMasls6b5 Marls
eotuuy Hyalime Contilaa Elanti tautilage
CoAauk Lomy bluisn,tramspareatYeouil

Veuy in, hoim NumuOus yuou

san ulractive de

Fexichonduium Puet Puseut

Met utble.
Jatit unible
tMamnplls olod cautlaag, Pima oetemal
CEruold couultlang eau, epiqlottis
Tradual uings audidouy kubls
fuieuanduim
- Homo4emOl mataiA

Capauls o wndensed
mauiK

acnaR

Hyaliaal Autla
 -feuiuonduiun
Elatc ilbuus
in abumdomu
Mauil

Kouugh ano
donly paeksd
hondiuaytus
Lastte Lautlnae
hat u sancermre? Loo Marus
ha segmnt e myeflril beuen ius 7 neg
AS Calleel sacomiu.

SARCOMERE
-BAND -BAND
A band

H H bamd

Z-LINE THICK
THIN Z-LINE
FlLAMENT
FlLAMENT

1-8AND TsOTROPIC
A-BAND ANISOTROPIC
Z-LINE = KRAUSE S MEMBRANE
 skululal Suvot Cadjo

Spuatie voluudo uvaluuntony | uD-sa yotan dlin

ua'tal upd

(onbal Vaudoy uvoluntay

u hys a) Vukauehel
yelmou ta bauchud-spncllua) Buauehd y elmcw ca
shapid
aleOla.ii de ltue
blmuusct h )
ulunaeluntid,
wclu locad
|b) Amgle wuwluu, b) St ueus, nuelu
uel loathd Cuuwbeadley Letaad tiwlally.
pi punally
C)Css Strau hous t NO hass ratious CHOSS u a He fausl

R iut
3)ucbO Movenuud: bad MoWuu
vitu4afkiy keu peu
htad
Sowatc eto no wut Autouonue
Sldch tht - e.b
-ab

tut -ab - eb

dntion

trul ul iu walls
a) Vaunlly attouebud w

to utou hcllto vutua ALQUNt

Kufin atoyat
ugeujcl I4act
 ANAS TOMosis 05 Maalus
Debin tion Resers to a Connechion inng betwern two ings
Sean in blod vessels and lops o ntestine.

fu tins|W ho or mere blovd essels Coner So as t

wRovidk altemakt blood Supply rowtes o
o bady
body
tisses qan Zt is Called Anastomosis
ovide colloktrd Channal if one vessel becoms
Blochd o damags in ase o Ahero scerosis

ypes Achwa AnastumoSs - OCCu in two wuys

End-toEnd Arahwmosis - When A4eriesoi'n
end-to-end Examplus - Lobrial and faci A4enes
and Arcks in alms and Soles alral

bmrtrnt Anastomosis Two Aenes Convege to

Sovm ovger Avtery Examples-e wo Verte brd AMe
thot Svmm Bailar
large Artey Vg
2 Po tentiol Anastomosis Collokterel Orulabiom Cannot
taka platt in Blocked Artey Suddanly ,But AStr
SSicient time Arknoles dikke and establish
Collaokeva Cirulotion xambles -Terminol A4eries and
Cormam Atries
3 Artno Yerons AncAtmeis- remit direct
Blood from Arlenalto Venins
tansftr o
HH Capillary Bed when the Channls by pasing
Sphinctrs are Keloxed
Ste-Skin o Nose ,ips and etemol ears,
aimentuy Canal Ihyroid gand, etchile longus
oSex gan Trss
wnethions- Requkokt Tem Bod presswre and Regionoul
Blod low
 23 F1
Space For Rough Work

Blockage
Functiona Anastomosis

Sphintter
C1oRd Sphinchtr
AV shunt
Arttriovenows
AtroutomuSIS O Shunt
fwnctin 0f Avlkno Venons Anastomosis
 Loa maas
Ahat aie tad antuis uulh
nat_amasttra wh
ams- Arteuus uhh do Ed anteis

meughkeursA
Calleol as
AAN

umcenaltnd
Aanaternic_tnd
Ates
-
p e l s hehoje teumunal
-Vewels whase w m u n a l
detamastierOSe Brandhs de amasterme
Uuth uAnchs adjacert
Bruanchis
Dndstenais
uflyrg adfaut H t A u t the
irduust o krep
th bip alive one
ocduchd.
the ardeuss

arhls
Retina
1. Cobal ardey
. henal artvuy
dpleruo

Feleplhypis hrmg onas

 NEURONS o3 Maa
Deinarou T H stthn od tunduanal
uts o eus Aystm

uulane
CLASSL CATLON OF NEURON S.

Aurdu pol a- Puudo uni polaa

b Ui pola
Bi polas
dMulbpolaa

with
PseuDo UNLPOLAR". T ppa to havt ly
Only prouy
axon
CentAal branuh Hat antis as

divids ids dedaut.

bYanch tat
Puiphenal

festo (dosual) Noet gamgli a

Spinal n
nuw

Sse y gagla c i

UNIPOLAR A nnou Hhat has ouy inl Ltems on

cul bedy

B 16tms, u ty
intnal OAg ams
BLroLAR Thuy hae hwo paocesu te Lach pokL
pADcUs at dndait o Hu PAocan act

Retuwa
OLFailo p t dium
Vuti budo cwehlan

MULTL POLAR Awual dmdsitu

1
T have

etnding u Ce bedy

Mest ommow nurms Mvuu

ystm

Moto neunons orw tratts of

Bnaw f Spinal uord
Moton nwmow oautuwA honu
Cws fora puiphual nurt
Moton autonouc gaglia

2. Auonding Ruladiv Axos and Dmdnituy

nunns Thu nuwnous have lng
wic be upt-m la
PAa i dal culls Cexeb ral cortn
autuion honu cwls Sprnal ondl
.Puaknge wll o C b ellum

a short
b Innons T axns

nonpholo gitally Simila to dendaitu

nuwiows stas Akaguk appuaranu.
Lauls cull o Ce bllum
3 Actonding t shape cl body

wli twtu wehral

Pyadal uls o
htd'spke
ells-
molot Orker Cel ra
hunisphn
Phifon oull
Pukinje Cllb owblum

Accohdin
oouso
woto
einta unial
 Neuragla+ Lo3 maks
NUen-ebitalle &npporumg lutt NoruuaUs syskmn
Foums majot lompomuvnt o Nleiuous hxsue
Bonude LKucturaL &Fumctenal ubpout te ogams
to bav lecation, Pigen
Classyhcalon NePegpa-Auetdung
and Funbion

Veuwueala im CS Neueegla im PNS5

D Askiocyts o Sablte (apsula% Colle)
oigodndueuyles 2 Schuwamm Cogls
Epêndmal els
Miusalia Satellute absulaA
lels )-SusoOUnds
&
s t a shaped O Autenomic

O Askocytes; ollsLodues
Sensey 2anyla
Rdgest &mstnumecos nlukutem
uppoet &
Blond Bean BrLr Prceuidy
thun oot pueCLsLL HOUms Schulann ot Vewemmecus
Capillbus
Sleeve asjound h Baruh asuma

homs Bloed Bram oUms Myelum Bheath

PUS
hu neue"flws e
Otgodndreaytis lorms Myelin&heaih
aueumdd the Rles CNS
3Ebemdymal olls lumas the lenkucde o8
h u lonkal amal
thY loaim
Sponal cOHd
Miola+Sralest plal ells
bhaheytetl alls, desuiuad eLBm

thesr s u t t a
lasahualien s nNeurogla: Acsrdimg t»
F
MiLoala
Macroahia Smallestglaidols
mclude AsKpayts, Oligadomduocytus
amd tpenaymal S Phageulbtt
Decital e m Mesodeum

Funchens Neuwgla
to- reONs
D Puoud &tuciwal & hunchenal supert
Baknuw
Hels to hom Bleod-Bnam
PAagoutose fosugn Sulstome
Pucduis Corelaeipmalfluid (CsF)
Foms Myelun 8heath auoumd axons
Aelne Ehtthelium, Claullu wth_ecaplu, Cio maa
mhlch continuoud
Fthelium is Aheit cul, jouma a

lauye 8). The eui a t hhtly nockud toguther. At Covwrs

M uody dwya and lin by tavtties.

CLASSIFICATI ON
SIMPLE COMPOUND

. Simple Auaomaus STRATIFIED

'lattemadl cells, uled- ega Uke. (). Stuattkted sauamans
NucleuA at dwdact loye , Aqua mou
Junc- dbsornttm &Httutinm. cale.
Socation - tndsthelium huat& g-'Nom-kvuatinized>
hleod va4els ad caty, Vagina
ning 0 almali
Ketnized Cytonlum
eplacso y kuiatin:
LHiw. Stmyle culaldal pidvemiu Akin.
Sngl oyen ule ahapedl ) . Sbuati ted Culeidal :
cell.
Swyace lauye ube - shaped
uceu Cntnaly wcated celli.
unc" Aeutim, Juanunoatton, Ruct a t Alandy ,
JlMatin Seminifuou ttihules.
kocatimJhpuotd (ollide, ovauy
iü). Stuat hted Columna
Suaut layeu Columnae
L) Stmpe Columnou cells
tall columna cell g- Aange duch
eugatid
Nudeus-Sami evel. qlaonds.
Func Abaonttm
Puotuctiom
celated', Celtated Columna
entthelium
Shenal ond , Buain wacddes.
 Stmle Columnan ocatign Luanmitimal hLtheliw
GI a c t , gall bladdu, Swdace col avu a g e
Utuus oyhedual.
Koahiin Wutv, itnany
Bladder wutha

iv). Paudo Stualited AKA wHotheliur.

ctliated cotumna Prevert Ualbaauaon
waite matenial wine
Ta& thMn Shet&hick vack wto he blood.
Cells

LLach the
Suyace AKA AlLo knoon As

Nucle-Bewnt enels
(Appen ubipted Sut
wn't
Auociatec witn muau
4eneting uohlet Cell.
unc 4ewutton , movument
ucleuA

AKA Runivstoy
(
tthelium
 imple <pith elium Los marbs

TPES On h i bass of ona

qimylu l a l a m m a s
n p l u ubaidal
i m l Squammaus spitheum
Aitnelum
pithelium Nn-Ciatv columtuepithelur
iaguam-

RancanmannlebbanlolaoeGA
2initioi t is maodt up af- . Cube iRL cLlls aufAuu Tall Calumnan lls ae
lattmuol ulo Nuelii * Roumdlid
. Nullie* tlattimiol Celal Nuclil * basal
koseenal
nlnal oIT
Thiysio pallicle Exampll &it qtand
Examale uall Bladdlve
twumimal
Exampll losel vlsslo liatid calummman hiKelue-
ivun itheluum hitlium fovay
Gh abiau a n s
wngo Boboleplelohlelno
Cilia i rand
.
xmnlo Certual Aamal Of
imal Copl

BHain usiclo
duube empaund Eakrhdiuma Co5 Maas
Avrs Epi1huu
which mad up 6) me ham l a y n 7 ull à
taltd empund epi thim t å bsbadly tlaui pird into un y p

() Sthadikd kampwnd
) J namisanal
mpound
a) Stratifid tomreumd: Deumduing ths skagu alh tha lgust
lays,i à uthu dndsd a4
uul a layu s mads up h6
A) tnalukrd Squomous pithilum
Squomais cull

New timnd
Knitinnd
he u h wna lau i net meidt, npealea
Lecaduam epthaliad ining ) to a , h m u ' undugo Kuutminatuin .
al Cowrd, louwa pat
omal Com ,Naara Lorodun Epi dxrinaskm

lls
apuhen layn

Ukalun

() sbaifid ubndal Suks lap à d kuy uu shap1d aill.

Lgaion- dut Suat oomd semimifueus iauds
uhulu

Causua a bed
C) Stradiked lodumna Snoes laye u madu ap lumna ul
Loratun LangR duds h, 4 s

No tilidid Cituated
cia en thu ull t i thalaatuiged y pun clw
thu wau
akund m th ullu uwau layu
umaA -iltisn
Tdumnan

oolo oo0 o
2) Tranidcnal Epithulun 4 a l -typa bratipid thdur
CLhonl Untu nay bladdu , wehia a , Hemet it a
also caltud wsthelum
sunhos alls wmbulla dome shapud
ne PevmtA
Abundond to ploun
Nwwhtn
phomunant udus idaiicaln
Lays md thR! d chor
chomg
dspandim n ttotthing eon
FUNCTION- Cldun zlrag n m pruvert duuau
um nm bloud

Supukeua
layumaull
shopd dll

inlmesuate
Pea thepue

o
O
atttlao
Qaaitisnal pituelum Co2 Mars
sbati'fid

4t spLuial waicty apithwlm lining t

wunay tart, t ale Rmouw Jothilium

Multilayed 4-6 ull Basal ub8idal ulls

pithlumn thick udint Jayt pear uapi
sRs, superlicial ayn
poghudkal lls (brla shp

uuetuovm Praveulo unbserptisn usasti matnial

A L Jach iutD sed

tnplos Uetin imasuy bladdn Mruatthro

TT mbulla tlaped auls

AA
Slomudiati laph
CL DEP ODa Basal ubsida sullo.
L Basemimt mimmbromt

&houuld have
Ango es
nuumber uith margin
lonseut guuxtion
should be short, &pocijic uih dubheodirgs fundsl
Lrauo diagrams i h neat labelling ahawen nicersas
.LWsa Sbhcadirgs, underlining, plouw chart, bullet poink
Neatnes, lugible. handuosibing ithous, to pregnt answes.
Cowcling q peint r sulenes