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    US Army Map Reading and Land Navagation Field Manual

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    api-3747641
    This document is a field manual that provides guidance on map reading and land navigation. It covers topics such as the purpose and categories of maps, marginal information and symbols used on maps, grids and coordinate systems, determining scale and distance, expressing direction, using overlays and aerial photographs, navigation equipment and methods, and determining elevation and relief. The field manual aims to teach soldiers these essential map reading and navigation skills using a building block approach for effective implementation across the Army.

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    US Army Map Reading and Land Navagation Field Manual

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    api-3747641
    2K views4 pages
    This document is a field manual that provides guidance on map reading and land navigation. It covers topics such as the purpose and categories of maps, marginal information and symbols used on maps, grids and coordinate systems, determining scale and distance, expressing direction, using overlays and aerial photographs, navigation equipment and methods, and determining elevation and relief. The field manual aims to teach soldiers these essential map reading and navigation skills using a building block approach for effective implementation across the Army.

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    This document is a field manual that provides guidance on map reading and land navigation. It covers topics such as the purpose and categories of maps, marginal information and symbols used on maps, grids and coordinate systems, determining scale and distance, expressing direction, using overlays and aerial photographs, navigation equipment and methods, and determining elevation and relief. The field manual aims to teach soldiers these essential map reading and navigation skills using a building block approach for effective implementation across the Army.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views4 pages

    US Army Map Reading and Land Navagation Field Manual

    Uploaded by

    api-3747641
    This document is a field manual that provides guidance on map reading and land navigation. It covers topics such as the purpose and categories of maps, marginal information and symbols used on maps, grids and coordinate systems, determining scale and distance, expressing direction, using overlays and aerial photographs, navigation equipment and methods, and determining elevation and relief. The field manual aims to teach soldiers these essential map reading and navigation skills using a building block approach for effective implementation across the Army.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document outlines best practices for map reading and land navigation for military personnel. It covers topics such as map symbols, scales, grids, navigation techniques, and navigation in different terrains.

    According to the document, maps serve the purpose of procurement, security, care, and categorization for military use.

    The document states that military map marginalia can contain additional notes, topographic symbols, military symbols, and notes on map colors.

    *FM 21-26

    FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS


    No. 21-26 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
    Washington, DC, 7 May 1993

    MAP READING AND LAND NAVAGATION

    CONTENTS

    Page

    Preface .................................................................................................................... ..v

    Part One. MAP READING

    Chapter 1. TRAINING STRATEGY


    1-1. The Building-Block Approach .......................................................................... 1-1
    1-2. Armywide Implementation ................................................................................ 1-2
    1-3. Safety............................................................................................................... 1-2

    Chapter 2. MAPS
    2-1. Definition......................................................................................................... 2-1
    2-2. Purpose............................................................................................................ 2-1
    2-3. Procurement..................................................................................................... 2-1
    2-4. Security............................................................................................................ 2-2
    2-5. Care ................................................................................................................. 2-2
    2-6. Categories........................................................................................................ 2-2
    2-7. Military Map Substitutes................................................................................... 2-4
    2-8. Standards of Accuracy...................................................................................... 2-4

    Chapter 3. MARGINAL INFORMATION AND SYMBOLS


    3-1. Marginal Information on a Military Map ........................................................... 3-1
    3-2. Additional Notes............................................................................................... 3-4
    3-3. Topographic Map Symbols............................................................................... 3-4
    3-4. Military Symbols............................................................................................... 3-4
    3-5. Colors Used on a Military Map......................................................................... 3-5

    DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

    *This publication supersedes FM 21


    -26, 30 September 1987.

    i
    FM 21-26

    Page
    Chapter 4. GRIDS
    4-1. Reference System.............................................................................................4-1
    4-2. Geographic Coordinates....................................................................................4-1
    4-3. Military Grids...................................................................................................4-7
    4-4. The US Army Military Grid Reference System ..................................................4-9
    4-5. Locating a Point Using Grid Coordinates........................................................4-12
    4-6. Locating a Point Using the US Army Military Grid Reference System .............4-14
    4-7. Grid Reference Box........................................................................................4-16
    4-8. Other Grid Systems.........................................................................................4-17
    4-9. Protection of Map Coordinates and Locations.................................................4-18

    Chapter 5. SCALE AND DISTANCE


    5-1. Representative Fraction.....................................................................................5-1
    5-2. Graphic (Bar) Scales.........................................................................................5-2
    5-3. Other Methods..................................................................................................5-8

    Chapter 6. DIRECTION
    6-1. Methods of Expressing Direction......................................................................6-1
    6-2. Base Lines........................................................................................................6-1
    6-3. Azimuths..........................................................................................................6-2
    6-4. Grid Azimuths..................................................................................................6-2
    6-5. Protractor.........................................................................................................6-4
    6-6. Declination Diagram........................................................................................6-6
    6-7. Intersection.......................................................................................................6-9
    6-8. Resection........................................................................................................6-10
    6-9. Modified Resection.........................................................................................6-12
    6-10. Polar Coordinates ........................................................................................6-12

    Chapter 7. OVERLAYS
    7-1. Purpose ............................................................................................................7-1
    7-2. Map Overlay.....................................................................................................7-1
    7-3. Aerial Photograph Overlay................................................................................7-3

    Chapter 8. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS


    8-1. Comparison With Maps....................................................................................8-1
    8-2. Types................................................................................................................8-1
    8-3. Types of Film....................................................................................................8-5
    8-4. Numbering and Titling Information ...................................................................8-6
    8-5. Scale Determination..........................................................................................8-6
    8-6. Indexing............................................................................................................8-8
    8-7. Orienting of Photograph.................................................................................8-11

    ii
    FM 21-26

    Page
    8-8. Point Designation Grid................................................................................... 8-12
    8-9. Identification of Photograph Features............................................................. 8-15
    8-10. Stereovision.................................................................................................. 8-16

    Part Two. LAND NAVIGATION

    Chapter 9. NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT AND METHODS


    9-1. Types of Compasses......................................................................................... 9-1
    9-2. Lensatic Compass............................................................................................. 9-1
    9-3. Compass Handling............................................................................................ 9-1
    9-4. Using a Compass.............................................................................................. 9-2
    9-5. Field-Expedient Methods.................................................................................. 9-6
    9-6. Global Positioning System.............................................................................. 9-10

    Chapter 10. ELEVATION AND RELIEF


    10-1. Definitions.................................................................................................... 10-1
    10-2. Methods of Depicting Relief......................................................................... 10-1
    10-3. Contour Intervals.......................................................................................... 10-2
    10-4. 7 Types of Slopes......................................................................................... 10-4
    10-5. Percentage of Slope...................................................................................... 10-6
    10-6. Terrain Features............................................................................................ 10-9
    10-7. Interpretation of Terrain Features............................................................... 10-14
    10-8. Profiles....................................................................................................... 10-16

    Chapter 11. TERRAIN ASSOCIATION


    11-1. Orienting the Map......................................................................................... 11-1
    11-2. Locations...................................................................................................... 11-4
    11-3. Terrain Association Usage............................................................................ 11-4
    11-4. Tactical Considerations................................................................................. 11-6
    11-5. Movement and Route Selection.................................................................... 11-8
    11-6. Navigation Methods..................................................................................... 11-9
    11-7. Night Navigation........................................................................................ 11-12

    Chapter 12. MOUNTED LAND NAVIGATION


    12-1. Principles...................................................................................................... 12-1
    12-2. Navigator's Duties........................................................................................ 12-1
    12-3. Movement.................................................................................................... 12-1
    12-4. Terrain Association Navigation..................................................................... 12-3
    12-5. Dead Reckoning Navigation......................................................................... 12-4
    12-6. Stabilized Turret Alignment Navigation ........................................................ 12-5
    12-7. Combination Navigation............................................................................... 12-5

    iii
    FM 21-26

    Page

    Chapter 13. NAVIGATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF TERRAIN


    13-1. Desert Terrain...............................................................................................13-1
    13-2. Mountain Terrain..........................................................................................13-3
    13-3. Jungle Terrain...............................................................................................13-4
    13-4. Arctic Terrain...............................................................................................13-6
    13-5. Urban Areas..................................................................................................13-7

    Chapter 14. UNIT SUSTAINMENT


    14-1. Set Up a Sustainment Program......................................................................14-1
    14-2. Set Up a Train-the-Trainer Program..............................................................14-1
    14-3. Set Up a Land Navigation Course.................................................................14-2

    Appendix AFIELD SKETCHING.......................................................................................... A-1

    Appendix B.MAP FOLDING TECHNIQUES....................................................................... B-1

    Appendix C.UNITS OF MEASURE AND CONVERSION FACTORS............................ ...C-1

    Appendix D.JOINT OPERATIONS GRAPHICS.................................................................. D-1

    Appendix E.EXPORTABLE TRAINING MATERIAL........................................................ E-1

    Appendix F.ORIENTEERING................................................................................................F-1

    Appendix G.M2 COMPASS................................................................................................... G-1

    Appendix H.ADDITIONAL AIDS..........................................................................................H-1

    Appendix I.FOREIGN MAPS.................................................................................................. I-1

    Appendix J.GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM.. ................................................................. J-1

    GLOSSARY................................................................................................................. Glossary-1

    REFERENCES..........................................................................................................References-1

    INDEX ......................................................................................................................... Index-1

    iv

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