Besin, Princess Queenie Jane D.

RESEARCH TITLE: Utilization of Bamboo Fibers in Creating Eco Bags.
Statement of the problem
Increasing environmental concerns, especially related to the excessive use of non-

biodegradable materials in the production of traditional plastic bags, have led to
increased interest in sustainable alternatives. Bamboo fiber has proven to be a
promising eco-friendly material for eco-bag manufacturing, offering potential
benefits such as biodegradability, recyclability, and reduced environmental
impact. However, despite the excellent properties of bamboo fibers, there are
gaps in our understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with the
widespread use of bamboo fibers in eco-bag manufacturing.
RRL’s (Review of Related Literature)
1. Since the use of single-use plastics, land pollution has increased, and it is
challenging for our environment to sustain and survive this crisis. According
to the United Nations, plastic can take between 20 and 500 years to break
down and rot, and our beloved planet could barely survive if we used
plastic every day. This suggests that we should use less plastic and use
something else. According to the Yale Ledger Campus News Service, plastic
bags may seem light and harmless but have a surprisingly large
environmental footprint. Approximately 8% of the world's total oil
production is used to make plastic, and 12 million barrels of oil are used to
make the 30 billion plastic bags used each year in the United States.
2. Additionally, plastic bags consume fossil fuels when transported across the
country or worldwide. Our contribution is therefore to reduce the use of
plastic. Instead, you can use reusable containers that perform the same
function as plastic bags, such as eco bags. Consumer awareness of the
negative effects of single-use plastic bags has shifted consumer interest to
the use of environmentally friendly bags. However, it is thought that eco-
bags are only occasionally used because users have little attachment to
them. So, what if we created eco-bags that were more environmentally
friendly and decomposed faster and healthier than plastic?
3. The concept of eco materials includes a wide range of materials and their
various uses, including traditional and innovative options. The development
and use of eco-materials are of great importance for sustainable
development and reducing the environmental impact of human activities.
Due to their advantageous mechanical properties and low weight,
composite materials are continuously being developed to become the most
efficient and cost-effective products possible. They are widely used in
various industries such as automotive, aviation, marine, and sporting
goods.
4. To promote environmental protection and public health, composite

materials with environmentally friendly properties are being developed to
reduce the use of materials from fossil resources. Reducing greenhouse
gases also requires lighter materials and lower carbon emissions. As a
result, there is a trend toward using "green" lightweight materials such as
bio-composites to replace traditional composite materials. The researchers
are focusing on composite materials reinforced with natural fibers. This is
because these composite materials combine good mechanical properties
with low density. These compounds have several advantages, including
cost, availability of renewable natural resources, and biodegradability.
Additionally, many of these natural fiber-based composites exhibit
mechanical properties suitable for engineering applications. The use of
vegetable fibers as reinforcing materials in composite materials is
increasing in various fields. For example, in the automotive industry, fiber
has long been used to strengthen car plastics, as it provides good insulation
and is based on cellulose.
5. Bamboo fibers are very promising reinforcements for polymer composite

production due to their high aspect ratio and strong mechanical
performance. To better understand their reinforcing potential, the
mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers extracted from eleven
commercial bamboo species in China were measured with a newly
developed micro tensile technique. For comparison, the mechanical
properties of mature single Chinese Fir and Masson Pine wood fibers were
measured. The results show that the average longitudinal tensile modulus
of the eleven kinds of bamboo fibers ranges from 25.5 to 46.3 GPa with an
average value of 36.7 GPa. For tensile strength, the value ranges from 1.20
to 1.93 GPa with an average value of 1.55 GPa. The tensile strength and
modulus of bamboo fibers are nearly two times that of single Chinese Fir
and Masson Pine fibers, and significantly higher than most of the published
data for other softwood fibers. The average elongation at break of bamboo
fibers is about 4.84 %, only a little lower than the value 5.15 % of the tested
mature softwood fibers. Additionally, bamboo fibers were found to have
smaller diameters and larger aspect ratios than most documented wood
fibers, which favored an improved reinforcing effect. These combined
mechanical and morphological advantages.
Bibliography
Aguilar, Aiko Dee O., Neil Maurice V. Bascos, Arianne B. Lucena, and Rosemary R. Seva. 2021. “Designing
Eco Bags for Product Attachment.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 328–37.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63335-6_34.
“January 2017 - Volume 29 - Issue 1 : Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners.” n.d.
Journals.lww.com.
https://journals.lww.com/jaanp/Citation/2017/01000/Understanding_scoping_reviews__Definition.
Nations, United. 2021. “In Images: Plastic Is Forever.” United Nations. June 2021.
https://www.un.org/en/exhibits/exhibit/in-images-plastic-forever#:~:text=But%20when%20does
%20plastic.
Patrício Silva, Ana L., Joana C. Prata, Tony R. Walker, Armando C. Duarte, Wei Ouyang, Damià Barcelò, and
Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2021. “Increased Plastic Pollution due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and
Recommendations.” Chemical Engineering Journal 405 (1385-8947): 126683.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683.
Shi, Shufang. 2006. “Literature Review: An Overview.” https://web.cortland.edu/shis/651/LitRevOverview.pdf.
The Yale Ledger. 2022. “Why Everyone Should Use Reusable Shopping Bags – Ledger.”
Campuspress.yale.edu. June 9, 2022. https://campuspress.yale.edu/ledger/why-everyone-should-use-
reusable-shopping-bags/.
Issam Elfaleh, Fethi ABBASSI, Mohamed Habibi, Furqan Ahmad, Mohamed Guedri, Mondher Nasri,
and Christian Garnier. 2023. “A Comprehensive Review of Natural Fibers and Their
Composites: An Eco-Friendly Alternative to Conventional Materials,” July, 101271–71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101271.
Yu, Yan, Hankun Wang, Fang Lu, Genlin Tian, and Jinguo Lin. 2013. “Bamboo Fibers for Composite
Applications: A Mechanical and Morphological Investigation.” Journal of Materials Science 49 (6):
2559–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7951-z.

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RESEARCH TITLE: Utilization of Bamboo Fibers in Creating Eco Bags.

Statement of the problem

Increasing environmental concerns, especially related to the excessive use of non-

RRL’s (Review of Related Literature)

4. To promote environmental protection and public health, composite

5. Bamboo fibers are very promising reinforcements for polymer composite

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