ILLUSTRATING MEASURES OF POSITION

Measures of Position Description

Divided the distribution into 4

Quartile
equal parts.

Divided the distribution into 10

Deciles
equal parts.

Divided the distribution into 100

Percentiles
equal parts.

Quartile
Divided into 4 equal parts.
In a distribution 25% fall below the lower quartile (also called 1st quartile).
50% of the distribution fall below the middle quartile (also called 2nd quartile).
75% of the distribution falls below the upper quartile (also called the 3rd quartile).

Q1 Q2 Q3

25%

50%

75%

Decile
Decile divide the distribution into 10 equal parts.
The figure below presents how deciles divide a data set equally into 10 parts.

10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D1 D2 D 3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D 9

It can be seen that there are 9 score points that divide

a distribution into 10 equal parts.
ILLUSTRATING MEASURES OF POSITION
Percentile
There are 99 score points that divide a data set into 10 equal parts which are called the
1st percentile, second percentile, and so on until 99th percentile.
Find Q 3 , P25 , and D 7
There are various ways in determining the percentiles. One if it weighted average estimate
(linear interpolation).
7 9 10 8 13 15 14

Step 1: Arrange the observations from lowest to highest.

7 8 9 10 13 14 15
Step 2: Compute for the locator.
K (n + 1) If computing for percentile 25 (7+ 1)
= 2nd 8
100 100

K (n + 1) 3 (7 + 1) = 6th 14
If computing for quartile
4 4
K (n + 1) If computing for decile 7 (7 + 1) = 5.6th
10 10
13 + .6 (14 - 13)
13 + .6 (1)
5.6th = 13.6
 CALCULATING MEASURES OF POSTION
(GROUPED DATA)
Frequency Distribution Table
NUMBER OF HOURS STUDENTS PLAY ONLINE GAMES IN A WEEK.

Number of Number of
LOWER CLASS BOUNDARY <CF
Hours Students (F)
(LCB) Frequency

5-8 13 13

9-12 40 53

13-16 39 92

17-20 15 107

21-24 10 117

25-28 8 125

CLASS INTERVAL Number of observations

Class Interval Size: 4 n = 125

Step 1: Construct the less than cumulative frequency distribution (<CF).

Step 2: Compute nk where n is the total number of observations and k is
100
the subscript (pk).
Step 3: Starting from the top, locate the value in the <CF column that is
greater than or equal to nk for the first time. The class interval
100
corresponding to that value is the k th percentile (pkthclass).
Step 4: Approximate the kth percentile (pk) using the formula
where, Pk = LCB Pk + C [
( 100
nk
) - < CF - 1
f Pk
Pk

]
LCB Pk - The lower class boundary of pk class. th

C - The size of the class interval.

n - The total number of observations in the distribution.
k - The percentile of interest.
<CF - The <CF of the class preceding the p class.
Pk-1 k
th

f - The frequency of the percentile

Pk

Step
class.5: Interpret the
result.
CALCULATING MEASURES OF POSTION
(GROUPED DATA)
Complete the missing data in the distribution for number of searches on Ecosia everey month by 200 students.

Number of Number of
<CF
Searches Students

90-104 24 24

1.) 105-119 62 2.) 86

120-134 3.) 73 158

135-149 4.) 26 184

5.) 150-164 12 6.) 196

165-179 7.) 4 200

Problem 1: Using the data presented approximate the location of the 28th percentile.

Number of nk = (200)( 28) = 56

Number of
Searches
Students (f)
<CF 100 100

[ ]
(x)
Pk = LCB Pk + C nk
( 100 ) - < CF - 1
Pk

90-104 24 24 f Pk

k: 28
105-119 62 86 LCB P28 : 104.5
C: 15
120-134 73 158 <CF : 24P28 - 1

135-149 26 184
f : 62
P28

150-164 12 196
Pk = LCB Pk + C
[ nk
( 100) - < CF - 1
f Pk
Pk

]
nk = 56
165-179 4 200
P28 = 104.5 + 15 [ ]56 - 24
62

100 P28 = 112.24

k = 28 At least 28% of 200 students search on Ecosia
LCB P28 = 104.5 less than or equal to 112.24 every month.
C =15
<CF = 24
P28 - 1

f = 62
P28
CALCULATING MEASURES OF POSTION
(GROUPED DATA)
Problem 2: Using the data presented approximate the location of the 3rd decile.

Number of Number of
D3 = P 30
Hours (x) Students (f)
<CF
n = 125 k = 30
nk = (125)( 30) = 37.5
5-8 13 13
100 100
9-12 40 53
nk
= 37.5
13-16 39 92 100
17-20 15 107 The <CF that is greater than or equal to 37.5
for the first time is 53. Therefore, the P30th
21-24 10 117 class is 9-12.

25-28 8 125

Pk = LCB Pk + C
[ nk
( 100) - < CF - 1

nk = 37.5
f Pk
Pk

]
k = 30 100
At least 30% of the 125 students spent less than LCB Pk = 8.5 <CF = 13
or equal to 10.95 hours per week. At the same C=4 f = 4030

time at least 70% spent greater than or equal

[ ]
to 10.95 hours per week.
Pk = LCB Pk + C nk
( 100) - < CF - 1 Pk

f Pk

P30 = 8.5 + 4 [ ] 24.5

40

P30 = 10.45
CALCULATING MEASURES OF POSTION
(GROUPED DATA)
Find Q3 P 30 D 8
Class
F <CF LCB
Interval

32-39 11 11 31.5

40-47 19 30 39.5

48-55 13 43 47.5

56-63 22 65 55.5

64-71 15 80 63.5

c=8 n = 80

Q 3 = (80) (3) P65 = (80) (65)

4 100
= 60 = 52
Q = LCB + C
3
(
[ nk
4 ) - < CF - 1

f ] P65 = 55.5 + 8 [ ] 52 - 43
22

Q3 = 55.5 + 8 [ ] 60 - 43
22 P65 = 58.77

Q3 = 61.68
(80) (8)
D8 =
10
= 64
D 8 = 55.5 + 8 [ ]64 - 43
22

D 8 = 63.13 Round Off

D 8 = 63.14