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    Modeling Simulation LEC9

    Uploaded by

    Mohab Osama

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Modeling Simulation LEC9

    Uploaded by

    Mohab Osama
    19 views5 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views5 pages

    Modeling Simulation LEC9

    Uploaded by

    Mohab Osama

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Lecture (9)

    Problem (1):
    Two tanks are connected together in the following unusual way Fig (1). The
    density of the incoming liquid, p, is constant. The cross-sectional areas of the two
    tanks are A1 and A2. w2 is positive for flow from Tank 1 to Tank 2. The two valves
    are linear with resistance R1 and R2.

    Fig (1)
    Required:
    (a) Develop a model for this system that can be used to find h1, h2, w2, and w3 as
    functions of time for any given variations in inputs.
    (b) Perform degrees of freedom analysis. Identify all input and output variables
    Assumptions:
    • The density of the incoming liquid, ρ, is constant.
    • The cross-sectional areas of the two tanks are A1 and A2.
    • w2 is positive for flow from Tank 1 to Tank 2.
    • The two valves are linear with resistances R2 and R3.
    Basics:
    Total continuity equation
    Mathematical model consistency:
    {Mass flow into the system - Mass flow out the system = time rate of change}
    **For tank#1:
    W1_W2_W3 = dm/dt
    m=ρ V
    m=ρ h1A1
    W1_W2_W3 = d ρ h1A1/dt
    W1_W2_W3 = d ρ h1A1/dt
    W1_W2_W3 = ρ A1 (dh1/dt)
    **For tank#2:
    W2_0.0 = dm/dt
    m=ρ V
    m=ρ h2A2
    W2 = d ρ h2A2/dt
    W2 = ρ A2 (dh2/dt)
    Linear valve
    Assume that:
    P1: pressure at the bottom of the tank 1
    P2: pressure at the bottom of the tank 2
    P0: the ambient
    **For linear valve #1:
    W2= [ P1-P2/R1]
    P1 = ρ h1 g/gc & P2 = ρ h2 g/gc
    W2= [ h1-h2] [ρ g/gc] [1/R1]
    **For linear valve #2:
    W3= [ P1-P0/R2]
    W3= [ h1-h0] [ρ g/gc] [1/R2] but h0=0.0
    W3= [ h1 ρ g/gc] [1/R2]
    Check the degree of freedom:
    [Degree of freedom= No of unknown – No of equations]
    No of unknown (w1, w2, w3, h1, h2) =5
    No of equations=4
    [Degree of freedom= 1]
    Parameters: g, gc, ρ, R1, R2, P1, P2, P0

    Problem (2):
    A closed stirred-tank reactor with two compartments is shown in Fig.2. The basic
    idea is to feed the reactants continuously into the first compartment, where they
    will be pre-heated by energy liberated in the first exothermic reaction, which is
    anticipated to occur primarily in the second compartment. The wall separating
    the two compartments is quite thin, thus allowing heat transfer; the outside of
    the reactor is well insulated, and a cooling coil is built into the second
    compartment to remove excess energy liberated in the reaction.

    Fig.2.
    Required:
    Develop a mathematical model for this process.
    Basics:
    Total continuity equation
    Assumptions:
    • The density, ρ, is constant.
    • Perfect mixing
    • Constant volume
    Mathematical model:
    {Mass flow into the system - Mass flow out the system = time rate of change}
    For the first compartment:
    ρq0- ρq1 = dm/dt
    ρq0- ρq1 = d(ΡV1)/dt %ρ
    q0- q1 = d(V1)/dt but V1 is constant
    q0- q1 =0.0
    q0=q1 → (1)
    For the second compartment:
    1 ρq1 = dm/dt
    ρq1- ρq2 = d(ΡV2)/dt %ρ
    q1- q2= d(V2)/dt but V2 is constant
    q1- q2 =0.0
    q1=q2 → (2)
    From (1), (2):
    q0=q1 =q2
    Basics
    Energy equation
    Assumptions:
    • Density ρ, Volume V, and specific heat Cp are constant.
    • Neglect K.E and P.E
    • Neglect the work done by the system impeller
    • No heat loss to the ambient (isolated reactor)
    Mathematical model:
    For the first compartment
    q is the volume flowrate (liquid)
    q0ρCpTi – q1ρCpT1 + QG +Q= d(ρV1CpT1)/dt
    • QG=0.0 (as no chemical reaction in the first compartment)
    • Q= UA(T2-T1) = +ve → T2> T1
    • ρ, V1Cp are constant
    q0ρCpTi – q1ρCpT1 + UA(T2-T1) = ρV1Cp dT1/dt
    • q0=q1 =q2
    q0ρCp (Ti –T1) + UA(T2-T1) = ρV1Cp dT1/dt
    For the second compartment
    Q1ρCpT1 – q2ρCpT2 + QG +Q= d(ρV2CpT2)/dt
    • QG=0.0
    • q0=q1 =q2
    • ρ, V1Cp are constant
    • Q= Q cooling + Q losses to the first compartment
    • Q= UCAC(T2-TC) + UA2(T2-T1)
    Q0ρCp (T1 –T2) - UCAC(T2-TC) - UA2(T2-T1) = ρV2Cp(dT2/dt)

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