9

Science
Quarter 4 Week 2 - Module 2
Relationship Between the Angle
of Release and the Height and
Range of the Projectile

AIRs - LM
Science
Quarter 4 Week 2 - Module 2: Relationship Between the Angle of Release
and the Height and Range of the projectile
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Zandreah D. Cunanan

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

At this level, you are already equipped with some basic ideas in Physics from
your previous lessons in Grades 7 and 8. You were able to describe motion and the
forces that affect it and explained why objects move the way they do. You will use
basic trigonometric functions in solving problems dealing with two-dimensional
motion as in Projectile Motion and adapt techniques in playing your favorite sports

In this module, you will apply both kinematic principles and Newton's laws
of motion to understand and explain the motion of objects moving in two dimensions.
The most common example of an object that is moving in two dimensions is a
projectile. Thus, this module is devoted to understand the motion of projectiles.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the following
objectives:

Learning Competency

Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and
range of the projectile. (S9FE -IVa-35)

Subtasks:

1. Solve for the maximum height and the range of the projectile through simple
problem solving; and

2. Develop and demonstrate a 5-minute team drill that will apply projectile
motion concepts and principles to the learning and development of three
motor skills in volleyball.
Pre-test
Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not true about the path of a canon ball launched

A. The cannon ball has a uniform horizontal velocity

B. The total velocity of the cannonball increases as a function of time
C. The vertical velocity of cannonball increases as a function of time
D. The distance the cannonball travels is dependent on its mass

2. A basketball is thrown upwards on an arc at a 60 degree angle with the horizontal.

If the velocity of the ball is 5 m/s how fast must the thrower run to catch the ball
after it is released?
A. 2.5 m/s B. 4.3 m/s C. 5.0 m/s D. 10 m/s

3. A baseball player throws a ball horizontally. Which statement best describes the
ball's motion after it is thrown? (Neglect the effect of friction.)
A. Its vertical speed remains the same, and its horizontal speed remains the
same.
B. Its vertical speed increases, and its horizontal speed increases.
C. Its vertical speed increases, and its horizontal speed remains the same.
D. Its vertical speed increases and its horizontal speed decreases.

4. The diagram below shows a projectile moving with speed v at the top of its
trajectory.

Which vector best represents the acceleration of the projectile in the position shown?
A. B.

C. D.

5. A bullet is fired horizontally at a velocity of 200 m/s at a height of 1 m. At the

same time, another bullet is dropped 1 m from rest. The difference between t1, the
time it takes the fired bullet to hit the ground, and t2, the time it takes the dropped
bullet to hit the ground is ________.
A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
6. A projectile is fired with an initial velocity v0 at an initial angle q 0 with the
horizontal. Which of the following pairs of graphs below best represents the
horizontal components of the velocity, v, and acceleration, a, of the projectile as
functions of time?

A. B.

C. D.

Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the following information.

A cannonball is fired and follows the parabolic path shown below. Air resistance is
negligible. Point B is the highest point on the path and points A and C are at the
same height.

7. Which of the following best describes the direction of the net force on the ball at
point A?
A. up and to the right B. down and to the right
C. to the right D. down

8. Which of the following best describes the direction of the velocity of the cannonball
at point B?
A. to the right B. up and to the right
C. down and to the right D. up

9. Which of the following best describes the direction of the acceleration of the ball
at point C?
A. to the right B. down
C. down and to the right D. up and to the right

10. A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial velocity of 30 m/s at an angle of 60º
to the horizontal. If air resistance is negligible, the amount of time the cannonball
remains in the air is _________.
A. 2.6 s B. 3.0 s C. 5.2 s D. 6.0 s
11. A person throws a ball at an angle of 30o with the horizontal with a velocity of
32 m/s. As the ball is thrown, a second person is running past the thrower at a
constant velocity. At what velocity must this second person run so that she may
catch the ball as it hits the ground?
A. 32 m/s B. 32cos 30o m/s
C. 32sin 30 m/s
o D. 30o m/s

12. If a projectile is launched off of cliff and unto a surface below the launch point,
what angle would provide the largest range (horizontal displacement)?
A. An angle greater than 45 degrees above the horizontal
B. An angle equal to 45 degrees above the horizontal
C. An angle less than 45 degrees above the horizontal
D. An angle greater than 45 degrees below the horizontal

13. The initial velocity of Kevin luksong tinik vertical

components that are equal in magnitude. What angle does his velocity make with
the horizontal?
A. 30° B. 45° C. 60° D. 90°

14. A sepak takraw that is kicked from a height of two meters follows a path that
is____________.
A. circular B. hyperbolic
C. linear D. parabolic

15. A goalie made three soccer punts at 700, 500, and 300 with varying speeds all
reaching the same maximum heights. Which statement is correct?
A. All punts have the same hang time
B. The punt at 700 has the longest hang time
C. The punt at 500 has the longest hang time
D. The punt at 300 has the longest hang time
Lesson: Projectile Motion

There are games to be won. And the magical things you can do with that ball will make
you the winning- - Dr. Seuss

Many neighborhood games you play and sporting events you join and/or officiate
in MAPEH classes involve flying objects or balls. Have you noticed the curved paths
they make in mid-air? This curve is what naturally happens when an object, called
a projectile, moves in two dimensions having both horizontal and vertical motion
components, acted by gravity only.

In physics this is called projectile motion. Not only balls fly when in projectile
motion. Have you noticed that in many sports and g
Understanding motion in two dimensions will help you apply the physics of sports
and enhance game events experiences.
 you

Jumpstart

PROJECTILE MOTION USING A WATER HOSE

If you take a garden hose and shoot the water at an angle, it's essentially
projectile motion. Remember as long as an object only has the gravitational force
acting on, its motion will be projectile motion. If you consider each little water
molecule in the stream, this isn't completely the case. The water molecule interacts
with the rest of the water around it. However, most of these interactions add up in a
way that they either cancel out or are negligible. In the end, you get water that acts
like projectile motion.

Figure 1: Water Hose Projectile Motion

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/M5hwzRbcLPhAV6yL8

TRY THIS!

If you don't want to pull out your hose, you can also do this with a cup or a can.
Put a small hole near the bottom of the cup and then fill it with water. Observe
what will happen next. and answer the following questions.

QUESTIONS:

1. What happens to the water inside the cup?

2. Take your leaking cup of water and drop it. While falling is there any water
coming out of the hole? Why?

3. What is common between the water hose and your set-up (cup/can with a
small hole near the bottom filled with water)?
 Discover

Projectiles

The study of projectiles is an extension of the study of motion in a straight line.

The object may trace a curved path, hence motion is in a plane. To make our
discussion simpler we will not consider air resistance and challenge in the value of
g with varying altitudes.

A projectile is a body which is given an initial velocity and is allowed to move

under the sole influence of gravity. The path followed by a projectile is called
trajectory.

We shall consider two types of projectiles.

1. A body thrown horizontally with an initial

velocity and goes downward along a curved
path. Examples of this are bullet fired from
a gun and baseballs.

2. A body thrown with an initial velocity at

s of
this are shell fired from a cannon and golf balls.

Let us tackle the first type and see how the motion behaves. Consider the fact
that the initial velocity vi is constant and that object is under two simultaneous
motions, one horizontal on account of its initial velocity, and the other vertical on
account of the influence of gravity. This means that, at any point in the trajectory,
the initial velocity is resolved in two component; namely, the horizontal component
vx, an the vertical component vy.
 Note that vx = vy , hence the horizontal acceleration is zero, i.e. ax = 0. The
component vy is directed downward, hence its acceleration is g, i.e. ay = g. At
any time t,
vy = 0 + gt

The actual velocity is the resultant of the two components, which is

obtained by vector addition. Its direction is tangent to the path of the projectile. The
horizontal displacement is and the vertical dispalament is h.

These summarized below.

Example:
A stone is thrown horizontally with a velocity of 40m/sec from the top of a
building. Find its velocity and displacement after 3 seconds.

Solution:
vi = 40 m/sec = vx
t = 3 sec
a) v = ? b) =? c)

Now, let us consider the second type of projectiles. When an object is thrown

the height is maximum and the vertical component vy = 0. After this, the object
starts to move in a curved path downward similar to the first type of projectile.
 The total horizontal displacement is called range, and is denoted by R.

Recall that for any vector v, the horizontal and vertical components are
obtained as follows:

vx = v cos
vy = v sin

Throughout the flight vx remains the same.

vx = v cos

At the initial velocity vi , the vertical component is

vyi = vi sin

At any given time, the value of vy can be computed by

vy = vyi gt = vi sin gt

It is clear from here that vy is decreasing until it attains a value 0 at B, reaching its
maximum height.
hmax = (vi )2
g

By some derivations, the total time flight T is

T = 2 vi
g

R = (vi T
To find the maximum value o the range, we have
Rmax = vi 2
g
and this is achieved when the projectile is released at 45° from the horizontal.

Explore

ACTIVITY: CURVE ME ON AN INCLINE

Objective:
Capture a full trajectory of projectile motion on an inclined surface.
Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the height and
range of the projectile

Materials Needed:

Projectiles : marble or jackstone, soda/water plastic bottle cap, powder

(e.g. face powder or flour on low container)

Projectile launcher : retractable pen preferably HBW Matrix pen, sticky tape,
pair of scissors, and 2 popsicle sticks

Inclined surface :
~
for 200 incline and weight support
Table top
Protractor
Pencil
Tissue paper
Ruler or tape measure

Procedure:

Day One Activity

I. Linear horizontal motion
Use the pen to move the marble horizontally along the table top. (See that the
depressed end of the pen will hit the object about the center.) Observe the motion.
Sketch and label the velocity-time and the acceleration-time graphs on the axes
below.

+ +

+ +
0 0
 _ _
Graph 1. Velocity-time graph Graph 2. Acceleration-time graph
for objects rolling horizontally for objects rolling down an incline

Complete the sentence:

A ball rolling horizontally has a velocity that is ____________, and an
acceleration that is ______________.

II. Linear motion down an incline

Release a ball on an inclined board. Sketch and label the velocity time and the
acceleration-time graphs on the axes below.

+ +

+ +
0 0

_ _
Graph 3. Velocity-time graph for Graph 4. Acceleration-time graph for
objects rolling straight down an incline objects rolling staright down an incline

Complete the sentence:

A ball rolling straight down an incline has a velocity that is ____________, and
III.
anTwo dimensional
acceleration motion
that is along an incline
______________.
Tracing the Trajectory
1. Tape the popsicle sticks together. Using tape, attach these firmly to one side of the
retractable pen to serve as the launching pad. Push the top end and position the
object to launch (marble or bottle cap). Refer to Figure 2 below.

2. Figure 2 : Retractable pen attached with popsicle launching pad

Source: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com
3. Using a protractor and pencil, mark the bottom left of the illustration board or
cookie baking sheet with selected angles at 15 to 20 degree-intervals. Tape the
illustration board at the top right of the cookie sheet.
On the board select and draw fix origins at points A and B. The left and bottom ends
of the board or cookie baking sheet may serve as the y-axis and x-axis respectively.

Figure 3a. The modified retractable pen mounted with a powder-coated

marble at Point A ready for horizontal projection along the labeled
inclined illustration board.

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/W1mrh6b1tEkkzGip7

To complete the set-up, elevate one end of the board or cookie sheet using books
with an angle of inclination of about 200. Use another book to hold the inclined
surface in place as shown in Fig. 3b

4. Push the top end of the modified retractable pen and firmly hold it horizontally at
point A. Then carefully place the powdercoated marble on its launching pad. Launch
the marble by pushing the clip of the modified retractable pen.

Figure 3b. Inclined illustration board-cookie baking

sheet propped between books for the marble projectile.

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/W1mrh6b1tEkkzGip7

5. Trace the powder-marked trajectory with a pencil. Dust off the powder. Label this
-
6. At point B, repeat steps 3 and 4 but this time carefully launching the marble at
selected angles (e.g. 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750) and marking the pencil-traced
trajectories as
Figure 3c. Marble Projectile Figure 3d. Tracing with pencil
at Point B for launching at an the powder-marked trajectory of
angle up theinclined board. the marble launched at an angle.

Source:https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com

Note: The actual projection may not exactly follow the initial angles you selected.
At least try to have projection angles close to the angle intervals selected.

Q1. Describe the trajectory for horizontally fired projectiles along an incline. Sketch
the trajectory.

Q2. Describe the shape of the trajectory for projectiles fired at angles along an incline.
Sketch the trajectory.

Q3. Compare the locations of the trajectory peaks in terms of maximum height, hmax
reached.

Q4. Compare the horizontal distances, x (range) reached when they return to the
elevation from which they were projected.

Q5. Among the trajectories of projectiles fired at different angles, for the same
launching velocity, which covered the greatest range (horizontal distance in the x-
axis)?

Q6. Among the trajectories of projectiles fired at different angles, for the same
launching speed, which recorded the highest peak?

Q7. Which pairs of trajectories have ranges that are almost equal?

What will happen to the horizontal distances of the trajectory if the board is inclined
at 900 that

Day Two Activity

IV. Two-dimensional motion on air

Launching Bottle Caps Horizontally

7. Use the modified retractable pen to launch a bottle cap horizontally five to ten
times from heights, h of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, and 2.0 m.
Figure 3f. Displacement of horizontally launched plastic bottle cap from a height.

Source: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com

Note the place on the floor where the plastic bottle cap lands. Measure and record
the
exactly below the release location of the bottle cap. Record as range.

8. Repeat step 6 and complete Tables 4a and 4b below.

Safety check: Ensure that the trajectories are free from obstructions and the person
assigned to launch the plastic cap is tall enough for the 2.0 m release height. If
standing on a table or a chair, assign another member to hold the table/chair in
place.

Table 4a. Range of horizontally launched bottle cap from different heights

Height of Fall Range, R (m) Average

h (m) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Range
R (m)
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

Q8. At which height of fall is the average range the longest? Shortest?

A projectile like the bottle cap moves freely through the air with a constant horizontal
velocity vx and accelerates vertically the same as that of a freely falling object. The
horizontal and vertical positions of the horizontally projected bottle cap

can be described by the equations and respectively, where h

is taken to be negative, being a displacement below the point of release and ag is

- 9.8 m/s2. The times for the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are equal.
 Table 4b. Calculated time of fall of horizontally-launched plastic bottle cap

Calculated time of fall, tcalc (s) Square of Calculated

Time of Fall, Average Range Height of Fall
tcalc (s2) R (m) h (m)

tcalc=

-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

Q9.At which height of fall is the calculated time of fall the longest? Shortest?

In this Activity, the concept checks on horizontal uniform velocity motion and
vertical uniform acceleration motion in one dimension should serve as reminder that
all projectiles regardless of its path will always follow these principles:

1. Projectiles always maintain a constant horizontal velocity (neglecting air

resistance).

2. Projectiles always experience a constant acceleration along the axis where the
constant net force is directed. There is a constant vertical acceleration of 9.8 m/s2,
downward (neglecting air resistance) for projectiles on air. For projectiles on

down the tilt which is equal to .

y independent of each other.

Therefore, horizontal and vertical motion can be treated separately.

For the third principle, what can be done to show the independence of the two
components of projectile motion? Considering horizontal and vertical components
separately is important when solving projectile exercises and investigating real life
applications.
Deepen Deepen

You are now close completing your work. Your goal in this section is apply your
learning to real life situations. You will be given a practical task which will
demonstrate your understanding. (Note: Since we are still in a pandemic situation,

your classmates)

Performance Task: Development and Demonstration of a Volleyball Team Drill

Goal: Develop and demonstrate a 5-minute team drill that will apply projectile
motion concepts and principles to the learning and development of three motor
skills in volleyball.

Role: You are a team of physical education teacher-coaches who conduct volleyball
clinics under a youth sports program of the school. The program targets to entice
students who are interested or are still learning volleyball to join the sports clinics
while the trained volleyball student players may assist or officiate drill and lead up
games geared towards the development of basic volleyball skills.

Situation:
athletes who recently graduated. To speed up the promotion of renewed interest in
ball game trainings and beef up the remaining number of ball players, the MAPEH
teachers came up with the idea to conduct fun sports clinics using modified
volleyball games, drills and lead up game plans. Starting next Friday, the drills will
be used in the weekly sports clinics. This try outs will give coaches, varsity players
and interested students an avenue to scout, mingle and develop volleyball skills
with the others.

Product, Performance and Purpose: You will develop, present and demonstrate a
five-minute volleyball drill proposal that will apply projectile motion concepts and
principles to the learning and development of three motor skill in volleyball.

Standards
The individual/group proposes ways to enhance sports related to projectile motion.

Criteria for Success

The sports clinic participants will rate the proposed volleyball drill game based on
the following criteria:
Communication of Proposal
Physics of Sports Justification
Movement Composition
Performance
 Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited
4 3 2 1

Communication The group The group The group The group was
of Proposal communicated communicated communicated able to present
the ideas and the clearly the the ideas and their ideas but
explained ideas and concept not
concept explained applications the concept
applications effectively clearly. applications.
clearly and selected
effectively, and concept
raised applications
interesting only.
questions on
the
developed
drills.
Use of Physics Uses Uses Uses Unclear use of
Knowledge techniques techniques techniques techniques
for 3 skills for 2 skills for 1 skill for skills based
based based based on physics
on physics on physics on physics concepts and
concepts and concepts and concepts and principles.
principles. principles. principles.
Uses terms
Uses terms Uses terms Uses a term or inappropriately
appropriately appropriately two most of the
throughout the in some parts inconsistently presentation
presentation. of the during time.
presentation. presentation.

Movement Creates a wide Creates athletic Select some Has some

Composition range of moves that are athletic moves difficulty in
athletic moves appropriate to appropriate to creating moves
that are the the appropriate to
appropriate to demonstration demonstration the
the of all two skills. of one or two demonstration
demonstration skills. of skills.
of all three
skills.
Performance The group The group The group The group
performs with a performs with performs with performs with
high degree of appropriate some energy little energy
precision, style, degree and and precision.
and energy. of precision, precision.
style, The group
The group and energy. The group shows
applies applies awareness of
movement The group some movement
concepts and applies movement concepts and
tactics, in a movement concepts and tactics, but has
critical concepts and tactics difficulty
and effective tactics appropriately. applying.
manner. appropriately.
Task Rubric for Development and Demonstration of a Volleyball Team Drill
 Gauge

Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is not true about the path of a canon ball launched

A. The cannon ball has a uniform horizontal velocity

B. The total velocity of the cannonball increases as a function of time
C. The vertical velocity of cannonball increases as a function of time
D. The distance the cannonball travels is dependent on its mass

2. A basketball is thrown upwards on an arc at a 60 degree angle with the horizontal.

If the velocity of the ball is 5 m/s how fast must the thrower run to catch the ball
after it is released?
A. 2.5 m/s B. 4.3 m/s C. 5.0 m/s D. 10 m/s

3. A baseball player throws a ball horizontally. Which statement best describes the
ball's motion after it is thrown? (Neglect the effect of friction.)
A. Its vertical speed remains the same, and its horizontal speed remains the
same.
B. Its vertical speed increases, and its horizontal speed increases.
C. Its vertical speed increases, and its horizontal speed remains the same.
D. Its vertical speed increases and its horizontal speed decreases.

4. The diagram below shows a projectile moving with speed v at the top of its
trajectory.

Which vector best represents the acceleration of the projectile in the position shown?
A. B.

C. D.
5. A bullet is fired horizontally at a velocity of 200 m/s at a height of 1 m. At the
same time, another bullet is dropped 1 m from rest. The difference between t1, the
time it takes the fired bullet to hit the ground, and t2, the time it takes the dropped
bullet to hit the ground is ________.
A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8

6. A projectile is fired with an initial velocity v0 at an initial angle q 0 with the

horizontal. Which of the following pairs of graphs below best represents the
horizontal components of the velocity, v, and acceleration, a, of the projectile as
functions of time?

A. B.

C. D.

Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the following information.

A cannonball is fired and follows the parabolic path shown below. Air resistance is
negligible. Point B is the highest point on the path and points A and C are at the
same height.

7. Which of the following best describes the direction of the net force on the ball at
point A?
A. up and to the right B. down and to the right
C. to the right D. down

8. Which of the following best describes the direction of the velocity of the cannonball
at point B?
A. to the right B. down and to the right
C. up and to the right D. up
9. Which of the following best describes the direction of the acceleration of the ball
at point C?
A. to the right B. down
C. down and to the right D. up and to the right

10. A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial velocity of 30 m/s at an angle of 60º
to the horizontal. If air resistance is negligible, the amount of time the cannonball
remains in the air is _________.
A. 2.6 s B. 3.0 s C. 5.2 s D. 6.0 s

11. A person throws a ball at an angle of 30o with the horizontal with a velocity of
32 m/s. As the ball is thrown, a second person is running past the thrower at a
constant velocity. At what velocity must this second person run so that she may
catch the ball as it hits the ground?
A. 32 m/s C. 32cos 30o m/s
B. 32sin 30o m/s D. 30o m/s

12. If a projectile is launched off of cliff and unto a surface below the launch point,
what angle would provide the largest range (horizontal displacement)?
A. An angle greater than 45 degrees above the horizontal
B. An angle equal to 45 degrees above the horizontal
C. An angle less than 45 degrees above the horizontal
D. An angle greater than 45 degrees below the horizontal

13. The initial velocity of Kevin luksong tinik

components that are equal in magnitude. What angle does his velocity make with
the horizontal?
A. 30° B. 45° C. 60° D. 90°

14. A sepak takraw that is kicked from a height of two meters follows a path that
is____________.
A. circular B. hyperbolic
C. linear D. parabolic

15. A goalie made three soccer punts at 700, 500, and 300 with varying speeds all
reaching the same maximum heights. Which statement is correct?
A. All punts have the same hang time
B. The punt at 700 has the longest hang time
C. The punt at 500 has the longest hang time
D. The punt at 300 has the longest hang time