1.

A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length
6.0 cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation between the
objective and the eyepiece? When final image is formed at infinity.
Ans. (150.0 cm)

1. A telescope consisting of an objective of focal length 60 cm and a single–lens eyepiece of

focal length 5 cm is focussed at a distant object in such a way that parallel rays emerge from
the eye piece. If the object subtends an angle of 2° at the objective, then find the angular width
of the image.
Ans. (24°)

1. A good photographic print is obtained by an exposure of two seconds at a distance of 20 cm

from the lamp. Calculate the time of exposure required to get an equally good result at a
distance of 40 cm.
Ans. (8s)

1. Photograph of the ground are taken from an aircraft, flying at an altitude of 2000 m, by a
camera with a lens of focal length 50 cm. The size of the film in the camera is 18 cm ´ 18 cm.
What area of the ground can be photographed by this camera at any one time.
Ans. (720 m × 720 m)

298. An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distant objects.
The separation between the objective and the eyepiece is 36 cm and the final image is formed
at infinity. The focal length f0 of the objective and fe of the eyepiece are
(A) f0 = 45 cm and fe = –9 cm
(B) f0 = 50 cm and fe = 10 cm
(C) f0 = 7.2 cm and fe = 5 cm
(D) f0 = 30 cm and fe = 6 cm
Ans. (A)

300. A compound microscope has an objective of focal length 2.0 cm and an eye piece of focal
length 6.25 cm separated by 15 cm. If the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct
vision (25 cm), the distance of the object from the objective is
(A) 1.5 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 3.0 cm (D) 4.0 cm
Ans. (B)

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304. A compound microscope has a magnification of 30. The focal length of the eye-piece is 5 cm.
If the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm), the magnification
produced by the objective is
(A) 5 (B) 7.5 (C) 10 (D) 15
Ans. (A)

305. The least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm. The focal length of a convex lens is 5 cm. It can
act as a simple microscope of magnifying power
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) None of these
Ans. (C)

306. An astronomical telescope has an eye piece of focal length 5 cm. If the angular magnification
of normal adjustment is 10, the distance between the objective and the eye piece is
(A) 45 cm (B) 50 cm (C) 55 cm (D) 110 cm
Ans. (C)

309. To have larger magnification by a telescope

(A) the objective should be of large focal length and the eyepiece should be of small focal length
(B) both the objective and the eyepiece should be of large focal lengths
(C) both the objective and the eyepiece should be of small focal lengths
(D) the objective should be of small focal length and the eyepiece should be of large focal length
Ans. (A)

317. Astigmatism for a human eye can be removed by using

(A) concave lens (B) convex lens (C) cylindrical lens (D) prismatic lens
Ans. (C)

323. A person cannot see clearly objects at a distance less than 100 cm. The power of the
spectacles required to see clearly objects at 25 cm is
(A) +1 D (B) +3 D (C) +4 D (D) +2 D
Ans. (B)

325. A person can see clearly objects lying between 25 cm and 2 m from his eye. His vision can be
corrected by using spectacles of power
(A) +0.25 D (B) +0.5 D (C) –0.25 D (D) –0.5 D
Ans. (D)

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8. An eye can distinguish between two points of an object if they are separated by more than
0.22 mm when the object is placed at 25 cm from the eye. The object is now seen by a
compound microscope having a 20 D objective and 10 D eyepiece separated by a distance of
20 cm. The final image is formed at 25 cm from the eye. What is the minimum separation
between two points of the object which can now be distinguished?
Ans. (0.04 mm)

10. A compound microscope consists of an objective of focal length 1 cm and an eyepiece of

focal length 5 cm. An object is placed at a distance of 0.5 cm from the objective. What should
be the separation between the lenses so that the microscope projects an inverted real image of
the object on a screen 30 cm behind the eyepiece?
Ans. (5 cm)

13. The eyepiece of an astronomical telescope has a focal length of 10 cm. The telescope is
focussed for normal vision of distant objects when the tube length is 1.0 m. Find the focal
length of the objective and the magnifying power of the telescope.
Ans. (90 cm, 9)

23. A lady uses + 1.5 D glasses to have normal vision from 25 cm onwards. She uses a 20 D lens
as a simple microscope to see an object. Find the maximum magnifying power if she uses the
microscope (a) together with her glass (b) without the glass. Do the answers suggest that an
object can be more clearly seen through a microscope without using the correcting glasses?
Ans. ((a) 6 (b) 9)

24. A lady cannot see objects closer than 40 cm from the left eye and closer than 100 cm from the
right eye. While on a mountaineering trip, she is lost from her team. She tries to make an
astronomical telescope from her reading glasses to look for her teammates. (a) Which glass
should she use as the eyepiece? (b) What magnification can she get with relaxed eye?
Ans. ((a) right lens (b) 2)

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I-1. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eye-piece of focal
length 6.0 cm. What is the magnifying power of the telescope? What is the separation
between the objective and the eye-piece ?
Ans. (24; 150 cm)

I-2. An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30 X is desired using an objective of focal

length 1.25cm and an eye-piece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound
microscope for normal adjustment (Final image at )?
Ans. (u0 = – 1.45, v0 = 8.75, L = v0 + fe = 13.75)

1-3. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal 2.0 cm and an eye-piece of
focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an
object be placed in order to obtain the final image at (a) least distance of distinct vision (25
cm), (b) infinity? What is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case ?
Ans. ((a) 20 (b) 13.5)

I-1. A simple microscope has a focal length of 5 cm. The magnification at the least distance of
distinct vision is-
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
Ans. (D)

I-2. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is -

(A) virtual, erect and magnified (B) real, erect and magnified
(C) real, inverted and magnified (D) virtual, erect and reduced
Ans. (C)

I-3. A Galileo telescope has an objective of focal length 100 cm & magnifying power 50. The
distance between the two lenses in normal adjustment will be
(A) 150 cm (B) 100 cm (C) 98 cm (D) 200 cm
Ans. (C)

I-4. The convex lens is used in-

(A) Microscope (B) Telescope (C) Projector (D) All of the above
Ans. (D)

I-5. The magnifying power of a simple microscope can be increased if an eyepiece of :

(A) shorter focal length is used (B) longer focal length is used
(C) shorter diameter is used (D) longer diameter is used
Ans. (A)

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I-6. The focal length of the objective of a microscope is

(A) arbitrary (B) less than the focal length of eyepiece
(C) equal to the focal length of eyepiece (D) greater than the focal length of eyepiece
Ans. (B)

I-7. An astronomical telescope has an eyepiece of focal-length 5 cm. If the angular magnification
in normal adjustment is 10, when final image is at least distance of distinct vision (25cm)
from eye piece, then angular magnification will be :
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 50 (D) 60
Ans. (B)

I-8. A person with a defective sight is using a lens having a power of +2D. The lens he is using is
(A) concave lens with f = 0.5 m (B) convex lens with f = 2.0 m
(C) concave lens with f = 0.2 m (D) convex lens with f = 0.5 m
Ans. (D)

I-9. The focal lengths of the objective and eye-lens of a microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm
respectively. If the magnifying power for the relaxed eye is 45, then the length of the tube is :
(A) 30 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 15 cm (D) 12 cm
Ans. (C)

I-10. If the focal length of objective and eye lens are 1.2 cm and 3 cm respectively and the object is
put 1.25 cm away from the objective lens and the final image is formed at infinity. The
magnifying power of the microscope is :
(A) 150 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 400
Ans. (B)

COMPREHENSION-2
The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the
effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is
maximum. When the muscles are strained the curvature of lens increases (that means radius of
curvature decreases) and focal length decreases. For a clear vision the image must be on
retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of
retina from eye-lens. It is about 2.5 cm for a grown-up person (Refer the figure below).

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A person can theoretically have clear vision of objects situated at any large distance from the
eye. The smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible
focal length. The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown-up
person minimum distance of object should be around 25 cm.
A person suffering for eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of
spectacles is to form the image of the objects within the range in which person can see clearly.
The image of the spectacle-lens becomes object for eye-lens and whose image is formed on
retina. The number of spectacle-lens used for the remedy of eye defect is decided by the
power of the lens required and the number of spectacle-lens is equal to the numerical value of
the power of lens with sign. For example power of lens required is +3D (converging lens of
100
focal length cm) then number of lens will be + 3.
3
For all the calculations required you can use the lens formula and lens maker's formula.
Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between eye lens and the
spectacle lens.
6. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal person is
25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
Sol. (D)

7. Maximum focal length of eye lens of normal person is

25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
Sol. (B)

8. A nearsighted man can clearly see object only upto a distance of 100 cm and not beyond this.
The number of the spectacles lens necessary for the remedy of this defect will be.
(A) +1 (B) –1 (C) +3 (D) –3
Sol. (B)
9. A farsighted man cannot see object clearly unless they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The
number of the spectacles lens that will make his range of clear vision equal to an average
grown up person :
(A) +1 (B) –1 (C) +3 (D) –3
Sol. (C)

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Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
3. Two vertical parallel mirrors A and B are separated by 10 cm. A point object O is placed at a
distance of 2 cm from mirror A. The distance of the second nearest image behind mirror A.
The distance of the second of the second nearest image behind mirror A from the mirror A is
_________ cm. [JEE Mains-8 Apr, 2023]

Ans. ()

4. As shown in the figure, a place mirror is fixed a height of 50 cm from the bottom of tank
 4
containing water   =  . The height of water in the tank is 8 cm. A small blub is placed at
 3
the bottom of the water tank. The distance of image of the blub formed by mirror from the
bottom of the tank is __________ cm. [11 Apr, JEE Mains-2023]

50 cm

8 cm

Ans. ()

6. Three plane mirrors from an equilateral triangle with each side of length L. There is a small
hole at distance l > 0 from one of the corners as shown in the figure. A ray of light is passed
through the hole at an angle  and can only come out through the same hole. The cross section
of the mirror configuration and the ray of light lie on the same plane. [JEE Mains-2022]

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?

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(A) The ray of light will come out for  = 30°, for 0 < l < L.
L
(B) There is an angle for l = at which the ray of light will come out after two reflections.
2
L
(C) The ray of light will NEVER come out for  = 60°, and l =
3
L
(D) The ray of light will come out for  = 60°, and 0 < l < after six reflections.
2
Ans. ()

13. A thin cylindrical rod of length 10 cm is placed horizontally on the principle axis of a concave
mirror of focal length 20 cm. The rod is placed in a such a way that mid point of the rod is at
x
40 cm from the pole of mirror. The length of the image formed by the mirror will be cm.
3
The value of x is _________. [1 Feb, JEE Mains-2023 (Shift-I)]
Ans. ()

15. An optical arrangement consists of two concave of two concave mirrors M1 and M2, and a
convex lens L with a common principal axis, as shown in the figure. The focal length of L is
10 cm. The radii of curvature of M1 and M2 are 20 cm and 24 cm, respectively. The distance
between L and M2 is 20 cm. A point object S is placed at the mid-point between L and M1 is
n/7 cm, one of the images coincides with S. The value of n is ___________:
[JEE Advance-2023]

Ans. ()

17. An object and a concave mirror of focal length f = 10 cm both move along the principal axis
of the mirror with constant speeds. The object moves with speed V0 = 15 cm s–1 towards the
mirror with respect to a laboratory frame. The distance between the object and the mirror at a
given moment is denoted by u. When u = 30, the speed of the mirror Vm is such that the image
is instantaneously at rest with respect to the laboratory frame, and the object forms a real
image. The magnitude of Vm is _________ cms–1. [JEE Advance-2022]

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Ans. ()

23. When an object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror, the image is formed at a
distance of 10 cm from the mirror. If the object is moved with a speed of 9 cm –1, the speed (in
cm s–1) with which image moves at the instant is ________.[3 Sep, (Shift-II) JEE Mains-2020]
Ans. ()

40. Consider a configuration of n ideal units, each consisting of three layers. The first layer is a
1 3 −1
column of air of height h = cm, and the second and third layers are of equal thickness d =
3 2

3
cm, and refractive indices  1 = and 2 = 3 , respectively. A light sources O is placed on the top of
2
the first unit, as shown in the figure. A ray of light from O is incident on the second layer of the first unit at
an angle of  = 60° to the normal. For a specific value of n, the ray of light emerges from the bottom of
8
configuration oat a distance l = cm, as shown in the figure. The value of n is __________.
3
[JEE Advance-2022]

Ans. ()

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42. A ray of laser of wavelength 630 nm is incident at an angle of 30° at the diamond-air
interface. It is going from diamond to air. The refractive index diamond is 2.42 and that of air
is 1. Choose the correct option. [25 July, (Shift-I)_JEE Mains-2021]
Ans. ()

46. A large square container with thin transparent vertical walls and filled with water (refractive
4
index ) is kept on a horizontal table. A student holds a thin straight wire vertically inside the
3
water 12 cm from one of its corners, as shown schematically in the figure. Looking at the wire
from this corner, another student sees two images of the wire, located symmetrically on each
side of the line of sight as shown. The separation (in cm) between these image is ________.
[JEE Advance-2020]

Line of sight

12 cm

Ans. ()

53. A light wave travelling linearly in a medium of dielectric constant 4, incident on the
horizontal interface separating medium with air. The angle of incidence for which the total
intensity of incident wave will be reflected back into the same medium will be (Given :
relative permeability of medium  = 1) [25 June, (Shift-I)_JEE Mains-2022]
Ans. ()

62. A thin prism P1 with an angle 6° and made of glass of refractive index 1.54 is combined with
another prism P2 made from glass of refractive index 1.72 to produced dispersion without
average deviation. The angle of prism P2 is : [30 Jan, (Shift-II)_JEE Mains-2023]
(A) 6° (B) 1.3° (C) 7.8° (D) 4.5°
Ans. ()

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64. A plane polarized blue light ray is incident on a prism such that there is no reflection from the
surface of the prism. The angle of deviation of the emergent ray is  = 60° figure 1. The angle
of minimum deviation for red light from the same prism is min = 30° figure 2. The refractive
index of the prism material for blue light is 3 . Which of the following statements is are
correct? [JEE Advance-2023]

Ans. ()

67. In the given figure, the face AC of the equilateral prism is immersed in a liquid of refractive
index ‘n’. For incident angle 60° at the side AC, the refracted light beam just grazes along
x
face AC. The refractive index of the liquid n = . [26 July, (Shift-II)_JEE Mains-2022]
4

The value of x is __________.

(Given refractive index of glass = 1.5)
Ans. ()

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74. A prism of refractive index n1 and another refractive index n2 are stuck together (as shown in
the figure). n1 and n2 depend on , the wavelength of light according to the relation
10.8  10 –14 1.8  10 –14
n 1 = 1.2 + and n 2 = 1.45 + . The wavelength for which rays incident at
2 2
any angle on the interface BC pass through without bending at that interface will be _____nm.
[27 July, (Shift-I)_JEE Mains-2021]

Ans. ()

82. As shown in the figure, a combination of a thin plano concave lens and a thin plano convex
lens is used to image an object placed at infinity. The radius of curvature of both the lenses is
30 cm and refractive index of the material for both the lenses is 1.75. Both the lenses are
placed at distance of 40 cm from each other. Due to the combination, the image of the object
is formed at distance x = _________ cm, from concave lens.
[24 Jan, (Shift-I)_JEE Mains-2023]

Ans. ()

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EXERCISE (PYQ)
133. A microscope is focused on an object at the bottom of a bucket. If liquid with refractive index
5/3 is poured inside the bucket, then microscope have to be raised by 30 cm to focus the
object again. The height of the liquid in the bucket is: [31 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)]
(A) 75 cm (B) 18 cm (C) 50 cm (D) 12 cm
Ans. (A)

134. In a reflecting telescope, a secondary mirror is used to: [8 Apr, 2023 (Shift-I)]
(A) reduce the problem of mechanical support
(B) remove spherical aberration
(C) make chromatic aberration zero
(D) move the eyepiece outside the telescopic tube
Ans. (D)

135. In an experiment of measuring the refractive index of a glass slab using travelling microscope
in a physics lab, a student measures the real thickness of the glass slab as 5.25 mm and
apparent thickness of the glass slab as 5.00 mm. Travelling microscope has 20 divisions in
one cm on main scale and 50 divisions on Vernier scale is equal to 49 divisions on main scale.
x
The estimated uncertainty in the measurement of refractive index of the slab is  10 −3 ,
10
where x is ___________. [29 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)]
Ans. (41)

136. The aperture of the objective is 24.4 cm. The resolving power of this telescope, if a light of
wavelength 2440 A° is used to see the object will be: [28 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
(A) 8.1 × 10 6
(B) 10.0 × 10 7
(C) 8.2 × 10 5
(D) 1.0 × 10–8
Ans. (C)

137. A microscope was initially placed in air (refractive index 1). It is then immersed in oil (refractive
index 2). For a light whose wavelength in air is λ, calculate the change of microscope's
resolving power due to oil and choose the correct option. [27 July, 2022 (Shift-I)]
(A) Resolving power will be 1/4 in the oil than it was in the air.
(B) Resolving power will be twice in the oil than it was in the air.
(C) Resolving power will be four times in the oil than it was in the air.
(D) Resolving power will be 1/2 in the oil was in the air.
Ans. (B)

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138. In normal adjustment, for a refracting telescope, the distance between objective and eye piece
is 30 cm. The focal length of the objective, when the angular magnification of the telescope is
2, will be: [28 July, 2022 (Shift-I)]
(A) 20 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 15 cm
Ans. (A)

139. A travelling microscope is used to determine the refractive index of a glass slab. If 40
divisions are there in 1 cm on main scale and 50 Vernier scale divisions are equal to 49 main
scale divisions, then least count of the travelling microscope is __________ × 10–6 m.
[26 June, 2022 (Shift-II)]
Ans. (5)

140. Given below are two statements : one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as
Reason R. [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-II)]
Assertion A : For a simple microscope, the angular size of the object equals the angular size
of the image.
Reason R : Magnification is achieved as the small object can be kept much closer to the eye
than 25 cm and hence it subtends a large angle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options
given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(C) A is false but R is true
(D) A is true but R is false
Ans. (A)

141. An object viewed from a near point distance of 25 cm, using a microscopic lens with
magnification '6', gives an unresolved image, A resolved image is observed at infinite distance
with a total magnification double the earlier using an eyepiece along with the given lens and a
tube of length 0.6 m, if the focal length of the eyepiece is equal to _________ cm.
[20 July, 2021 (Shift-I)]
Ans. (25)

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142. The aperture diameter of a telescope is 5 m. The separation between the moon and the earth is
4 × 105 km. With light of wavelength of 5500 Å, the minimum separation between objects on
the surface of moon, so that they are just resolved, is close to [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]
(A) 600 m (B) 20 m (C) 200 m (D) 60 m
Ans. (D)

143. If we need a magnification of 375 from a compound microscope of tube length 150 mm and
an objective of focal length 5 mm, the focal length of the eye piece should be close to
[7 Jan, 2020(Shift-I)]
(A) 22 mm (B) 33 m (C) 12 m (D) 2 mm
Ans. (A)

144. The magnifying power of a telescope with tube length 60 cm is 5. What is the focal length of
its eye piece? [8 Jan, 2020(Shift-I)]
(A) 30 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 20 cm
Ans. (B)

145. In a compound microscope, the magnified virtual image is formed at a distance of 25 cm from
the eye-piece. The focal length of its objective lens is 1 cm. If the magnification is 100 and the
tube length of the microscope is 20 cm, then the focal length of the eyepiece lens (in cm) is
[4 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]
Ans. (6.25)

146. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 1 cm and an eyepiece of
focal length 5 cm with a separation of 10 cm. The distance between an object and the
objective lens at which the stain on the eye is minimum is n/40 cm. The value of n is ______.
[5 Sep, 2020 (Shift-I)]
Ans. (50.00)

147. The value of numerical aperture of the objective lens of a microscope is 1.25. If light of
wavelength 5000 Å is used, the minimum separation between two points, to be seen as
distinct, will be: [12 April, 2019 (Shift-I)]
(A) 0.24μm (B) 0.38μm (C) 0.12μm (D) 0.48μm
Ans. (A)

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148. The wavelength of the carrier waves in a modern optical fiber communication network is
close to: [8 April, 2019 (Shift-I)]
(A) 600 nm (B) 900 nm (C) 2400 nm (D) 1500 nm
Ans. (D)

149. Calculate the limit of resolution of a telescope objective having a diameter of 200 cm, if it has
to detect light of wavelength 500 nm coming from a star: [8 April, 2019 (Shift-II)]
(A) 305 × 10–9 radian (B) 152.5 × 10–9 radian
(C) 610 × 10–9 radian (D) 457.5 × 10–9 radian
Ans. (A)

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