9 And what do you do?

Glossary
Page 101 9.10 dependent (adj) /dɪˈpendənt/
needing sb/sth in order to survive ● Living
9.1 emergency (n) /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ on the outskirts of the city, I’m dependent on
a sudden dangerous situation in which you my car. I couldn’t do without it. ➣ depend (v),
need to act fast to avoid harm ● It is important dependence (n) ❖
to try and stay calm in an emergency.
9.11 developed (adj) /dɪˈveləpt/
❖
(of a country or area) having an economy
9.2 rescue (v) /ˈreskjuː/ based mostly on modern industries and
save sb from a dangerous or harmful situation services ● Developed countries are
● The firefighters rescued two families from responsible for the majority of environmental
their burning homes. ➣ rescue (n) problems. ➣ develop (v), developed (adj)
❖ ❖
9.12 advanced (adj) /ədˈvɑːnst/
Reading Pages 102–103
having the most modern methods, ideas,
etc. ● The technology for replacing fossil
9.3 for free (phr) /fə fri:/ fuels is highly advanced. ➣ advance (v)
without paying or getting any money ● I’m not ❖
expecting you to do it for free; I’ll pay you, of 9.13 community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/
course. ❖ the people living in a particular area ● The new
9.4 critic (n) /ˈkrɪtɪk/ sports centre will benefit the whole community.
sb who says they dislike sb/sth ● She is a ❖
major critic of wind power, as she believes it is 9.14 address (v) /əˈdres/
expensive and harmful to the environment. give attention to an issue or problem ● Next,
➣ criticise (v), criticism (n), critical (adj) we need to address the problem of security.
❖ ❖
9.5 benefit (v) /ˈbenɪfɪt/ 9.15 meaningless (adj) /ˈmi:nɪŋlɪs/
help sb improve their life in some way or be useless; without a purpose ● Talking to him
helped to improve your life ● The new law was meaningless; he wasn’t going to change
mainly benefits younger families. ➣ benefit (n), his mind. ❖ ✎ Opp: meaningful
beneficial (adj) ❖
9.16 make a living (expr) /meɪk ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/
9.6 local (n) /ˈləʊkl/ earn enough money to buy the things you
a person who lives in a particular area ● Most need ● It’s a small island, where most people
of the people present were locals, but some make a living by fishing. ❖
had come from other areas. ➣ local (adj)
❖ 9.17 employ (v) /ɪmˈplɔɪ/
have sb do a job and pay them for it ● The
9.7 skilled (adj) /skɪld/ company has employed a new sales manager.
having the knowledge and experience ➣ employment (n), employer (n), employee (n)
necessary to do a job well ● We need a skilled ❖ ✎ Syn: hire
worker for this job, not someone with no
experience. ➣ skill (n) ❖ 9.18 professional (adj) /prəˈfeʃənəl/
✎ Opp: unskilled doing sth as a job and not as a hobby
● When he realised he couldn’t knock down
9.8 misunderstanding (n) /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/
the wall on his own, he hired a professional
an occasion when sth is not understood
builder. ➣ profession (n) ❖
correctly ● Let me explain it again, because
✎ Opp: unprofessional
I think there’s been a misunderstanding.
➣ misunderstand (v) ❖ 9.19 hire (v) /haɪə(r)/
give a job to sb or pay sb to do a particular
9.9 developing (adj) /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/
job ● They hired a top lawyer to represent
(of a country or area) poorer with less
them in court. ❖ ✎ Syn: employ
advanced industries ● I work for a charity
that sends vaccines to the developing world.
➣ develop (v), developed (adj)
❖
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9.20 host (v) /həʊst/
provide a place for sb to stay ● The mayor hosted Vocabulary Page 104
the guests at his home. ➣ host (n)
❖ 9.29 electrician (n) /ˌɪlekˈtrɪʃən/
a person whose job is to connect, check
9.21 privileged (adj) /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ and repair electrical equipment ● We got an
having a special advantage because of your electrician to repair the cooker. ❖
position, which most other people don’t have
● She comes from a privileged background 9.30 researcher (n) /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/
and cannot even understand the needs of a person whose job is to study a subject so
normal people. ➣ privilege (n) ❖ as to discover new information about it
● The researcher included questions about the
9.22 make up (phr v) /meɪk ʌp/ residents’ daily habits in the questionnaire.
form sth ● Locals make up 60% of our staff. ➣ research (v, n) ❖
❖
9.31 inspector (n) /ɪnˈspektə(r)/
9.23 bring to mind (expr) /brɪŋ tə maɪnd/ a person whose job is to inspect sth officially
make sb remember ● Her name brought to mind ● The tax inspector checked all of our
my French teacher at school. ❖ accounts. ❖
9.24 herd (n) /hɜ:d/ 9.32 plumber (n) /ˈplʌmə(r)/
a large group of animals that live together; used a person whose job is to fit water pipes,
negatively in reference to people ● We saw a baths, toilets, etc. ● I think you should call the
herd of elephants. ❖ plumber to fix that tap. ❖
9.25 holiday-maker (n) /ˈhɒlədiˌmeɪkə(r)/ 9.33 financial (adj) /faɪˈnænʃl/
a person who is on holiday away from home related to money or the way you manage
● The beach was crowded with holiday-makers money ● My financial situation has improved
from all over the country. ❖ now that I got a new job. ➣ finance (n, v),
9.26 eventually (adv) /ɪˈventʃuəli/ finances (n pl) ❖
at the end of a period of time ● Our train
9.34 financial analyst (n) /faɪˈnænʃl ˈænəlɪst/
eventually arrived two hours later.
a person whose job is to study a company’s
❖
financial situation and help it make financial
decisions ● Our financial analyst has advised
LOOK! us to invest in solar power. ❖
The adverbs eventually and finally have the same 9.35 mechanic (n) /məˈkænɪk/
meaning. However, their use is different. We use a person whose job is to repair machines,
eventually or finally to talk about sth that happens cars, etc ● The mechanic said my car would
at the end of a time period, as well as for an action be ready next week. ❖
that comes last in a line of actions, especially if 9.36 wire (n) /waɪə(r)/
there's been a delay or some difficulty. thin metal thread covered with plastic, used to
➔ I waited for him all day and he eventually / carry electricity ● She disconnected the wire
finally arrived at midnight. from the cooker. ❖
➔ I called her home, her mobile and her office and 9.37 pattern (n) /ˈpætən/
finally / eventually I got through to her. the way sth is organised or is done ● The
We use finally, not eventually, to talk about the last police inspector thought all three murders
thing in a list of things. followed a similar pattern. ❖
➔ First I made a note of a few ideas, then I made 9.38 manual (adj) /ˈmænjuəl/
a paragraph plan, and finally (not: eventually) I done with your hands ● Skilled manual
started writing my essay. workers are not always paid well enough.
❖
9.27 theory (n) /ˈθɪəri/ 9.39 responsibility (n) /rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪləti/
a set of ideas that can explain sth ● I can’t a duty to deal with sb/sth so that you can be
prove my theory, but it gives a logical blamed if things go wrong ● It is the manager’s
explanation of her actions. ➣ theoretical (adj) responsibility to ensure that the team work well
❖ together. ➣ responsible (adj) ❖
9.28 inefficient (adj) /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/
not organised or able to do a job well ● The
system is very inefficient and wastes valuable
time. ❖ ✎ Opp: efficient

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9.40 qualification (n) /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ 9.49 redundant (adj) /rɪˈdʌndənt/
a skill or type of experience that you need for having lost your job because you were no
a particular job ● They didn’t hire him because longer needed ● The company decided to make
he didn’t have the right qualifications for the 50 people redundant to cut costs.
job. ➣ qualify (v), qualified (adj) ➣ redundancy (n) ❖
❖ 9.50 head (v) /hed/
be in charge of (a group or an organisation)
LOOK! ● Mina heads the financial department in our
company. ➣ head (n) ❖
The word qualification has two meanings. It can 9.51 shift (n) /ʃɪft/
refer to what's necessary for a job (skills, studies, a period of time that one group of workers
experience) or to the certification somebody has work after another group has finished ● I’m
acquired like diplomas, degrees and certificates that working the night shift this week, so I sleep in
prove a person has successfully completed their the morning. ❖
studies.
➔ Previous experience is an essential qualification 9.52 retire (v) /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/
for this job. leave your job because of old age ● He
should retire – he’s 78! ➣ retirement (n),
➔ List all of your qualifications, not just your
retired (adj) ❖
university degree.

9.41 crew (n) /kruː/ Expressions related to work

a group of people working together on a ship, deal with paperwork head a team
plane, etc. ● The crew asked everyone to do a deal make a living
remain in their seats. ❖ do/work overtime make sb redundant
9.42 senior management (n) /ˈsiːniə ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ get a promotion miss a deadline
the group of managers at the highest positions give sb the sack work a shift
in a company or organisation ● You have go on strike
to have at least ten years of experience to
apply for a senior management position.

9.43
❖
deal (n) /diːl/
Grammar Page 105
an agreement on conditions for doing sth or 9.53 graduate (v) /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/
buying sth ● We reached a deal to sell our complete school or university studies
company to the corporation. ❖ successfully ● She graduated from an
9.44 overtime (n) /ˈəʊvətaɪm/ American university with a degree in law.
time that you spend working at your job after ➣ graduate (n), graduation (n) ❖
the normal hours ● If everyone agrees to work 9.54 personnel (n) /ˌpɜːsənˈel/
overtime, we’ll have finished by the end of the the people who are employed in a company
week. ❖ or organisation ● All company personnel will
9.45 strike (n) /straɪk/ be trained in using the new software.
a period when a group of employees refuse to ❖ ✎ Syn: staff
work because they are demanding better pay 9.55 candidate (n) /ˈkændɪdət/
or better conditions ● Teachers are threatening a person who is competing to get a job or a
to go on strike if they are not paid for overtime position ● She was the best candidate so,
work. ➣ strike (v) ❖ naturally, she got the job. ❖
9.46 promotion (n) /prəˈməʊʃn/ 9.56 apply (n) /əˈplaɪ/
a move to a more important job or position in ask for sth like a job or a place on a course,
a company ● If I can’t get a promotion by the usually by sending a letter or filling in a
end of the year, I’m going to look for another form ● I decided to apply for the job, even
job. ➣ promote (v) ❖ though I didn’t have much experience.
9.47 give sb the sack (expr) /gɪv sʌmbədi ðə sæk/ ➣ application (n), applicant (n) ❖
remove sb from their job ● They gave him the 9.57 version (n) /ˈvɜːʃn/
sack because he was always late. a form of sth that is different from other forms
❖ of the same thing ● There are two versions of
9.48 paperwork (n) /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk/ the film, the original and the remake.
the written work that some people have to do ❖
as part of their job, e.g. filling in forms and
9.58 ideal (adj) /aɪˈdɪəl/
writing reports ● As the boss’s assistant, he
the best possible ● It isn’t an ideal solution, but
has to deal with a lot of paperwork every day.
it will have to do. ❖
❖

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9.59 resort (n) /rɪˈzɔːt/ 9.67 reject (v) /rɪˈdʒekt/
a place where a lot of people go to have a refuse to accept sb/sth ● I’m afraid your
holiday ● I know it’s a very popular tourist application was rejected, as there was
resort, but I still don’t like it. ❖ another candidate with a lot more experience.
9.60 employable (adj) /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ ➣ rejection (n) ❖
having enough skills and/or experience that 9.68 keen (adj) /kiːn/
make others want to employ you ● Sophisticated very interested in sth or eager to do sth
computer skills will definitely make you more ● She’s not very keen on jazz. She prefers
employable. ❖ ✎ Opp: folk music. ➣ keenness (n) ❖
unemployable ✎ Syn: eager
9.61 suit (v) /suːt/
be right for a particular person or situation LOOK!
● Black doesn’t really suit you – try wearing
bright colours. ➣ suitable (adj) ❖ The adjective keen can be used before a noun or
with a verb. When it is followed by a verb, we can
use the structures keen to do sth or keen on doing
sth.
Listening Page 106 ➔ She is a keen gardener. (= enthusiastic)
9.62 fair (n) /feər/ ➔ He was always keen to help. (= willing to help)
a public event where people can meet, ➔ I wasn’t very keen on going with them. (= I wasn't
promote and/or sell products or services interested in the idea)
● I’m going to the book fair to check out the We can also use keen on with a noun. In this case,
latest publications. ❖ it means that sb likes sth..
9.63 stand (n) /stænd/ ➔ I’m not particularly keen on football. (= I don't
a table or other structure at an exhibition, like football)
where goods can be shown and advertised ➔ He was really keen on my sister. (= he really
● We are going to have a stand at this year’s liked her)
exhibition to show our latest designs.
❖
9.64 potential (adj) /pəˈtenʃl/
possible, able to be done ● We’re going to Grammar Page 108
conduct lengthy interviews to identify the best
9.69 reduced (adj) /rɪˈdjuːst/
potential candidates. ❖
shorter or smaller in size ● The museum
shop offers reduced prices for students.
➣ reduce (v), reduction (n) ❖
Speaking Page 107 9.70 list (v) /lɪst/
include in a list ● All the local hotels are listed
9.65 client (n) /ˈklaɪənt/ on this page. ❖
a person who uses the services of a
professional person or a company ● We’re 9.71 elect (v) /iˈlekt/
starting a marketing campaign to attract new choose a person for a particular position by
clients. ❖ ✎ Syn: customer voting ● The students elected Sylvia as their
representative. ➣ election (n) ❖
9.66 review (v) /rɪˈvjuː/
examine sth again in order to make changes or 9.72 treasurer (n) /ˈtreʒərə(r)/
to make a final decision ● You should review a person responsible for the money of an
your application carefully before you send it organisation ● One of the treasurer’s duties is
off. ➣ review (n), reviewer (n) ❖ to keep a record of our expenses.
❖
9.73 reference (n) /ˈrefərəns/
a letter in which sb who knows you says if you
are suitable for a job or position ● I asked my
Latin professor for a reference. ❖

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Use your English Page 109
9.86 overall (adj) /ˌəʊvəˈrɔːl/
in general ● My overall impression is positive,
but I haven’t looked at the details yet.
9.74 take time off (expr) /teɪk taɪm ɒf/ ❖
stop work for some time in order to do sth else
● He decided to take some time off to look 9.87 indicate (v) /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/
after his children. ❖ show or make clear ● His answer indicated
that he understood the situation perfectly.
9.75 pick (sth) up (phr v) /pɪk (ˈsʌmθɪŋ) ʌp/ ➣ indication (n), indicative (adj)
learn sth new by practising it ● I never had ❖
German lessons. I picked it up when I lived in
Berlin. ❖ 9.88 dissatisfied (adj) /ˌdɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd/
not pleased with sb/sth ● I am very dissatisfied
9.76 take (sb) on (phr v) /teɪk (ˈsʌmbədi) ɒn/ with my new toaster. I think I’m going to
employ sb ● They took her on as a security return it. ➣ dissatisfy (v), dissatisfaction (n)
guard. ❖ ❖ ✎ Opp: satisfied
9.77 stand out (phr v) /stænd aʊt/ 9.89 rely on (phr v) /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/
be obviously better than other similar things or depend on or trust ● You can’t rely on him, he
people ● I have read a lot of books about the changes his mind every day. ➣ reliance (n),
war, but this one stands out. ❖ reliable (adj) ❖
9.78 work on (phr v) /wɜ:k ɒn/ 9.90 depress (v) /dɪˈpres/
spend time to improve or repair sth make sb feel very unhappy ● Please turn
● The teacher said I had to work on my on the light! This darkness depresses me.
pronunciation. ❖ ➣ depression (n), depressed (adj)
9.79 act as (v) /ækt æz/ ❖
do for a short time a job that you don’t normally 9.91 sick leave (n) /ˈsɪk ˌliːv/
do ● He was asked to act as our adviser on time that you take off work when you are ill
the project. ❖ ● After the operation I was on sick leave for
9.80 paint (sb) with the same brush (expr) /peɪnt three weeks. ❖
(ˈsʌmbədi) wɪð ðə seɪm brʌʃ/
unfairly put sb in the same category as sb else
who has done sth wrong ● You can’t paint the Idioms
whole team with the same brush just because bring to mind knowing my luck
the manager is useless. ❖ get off to a good start paint with the same brush
9.81 pick sb’s brains (expr) /pɪk ˈsʌmbədiz breɪnz/ give sb the sack pick sb’s brains
ask sb who knows a lot about sth for their jump at the chance put myself in sb’s shoes
views or their advice ● I’m going to pick keep track of sth think on my feet
Maria’s brains about which phone to buy.
❖
9.82 think on my feet (expr) /θɪŋk ən maɪ fi:t/
think and act very quickly without any
Writing Pages 110–111
preparation ● In this job you have to be able to 9.92 cover letter (n) /ˈkʌvə ˌletə(r)/
think on your feet. ❖ a letter that contains information about sth you
send with it ● I sent them my CV along with a
9.83 jump at the chance (expr) /dʒʌmp ət ðə tʃɑ:ns/
one-page cover letter. ❖
accept immediately an opportunity to do sth
● When she asked if I was interested in the 9.93 spreadsheet (n) /ˈspredʃiːt/
job, I jumped at the chance and said yes a document produced by a computer program
immediately. ❖ that shows data and does financial calculations
● I prepared a spreadsheet showing all the
9.84 get off to a good start (expr) /get ɒf tə ə gʊd
money we have spent. ❖
stɑ:t/
start an activity successfully ● We need to get 9.94 support (v) /səˈpɔːt/
off to a good start this season if we want to win encourage and help sb when they need
the championship. ❖ it ● She supported me in every way she
could when I was in trouble. ➣ support (n),
9.85 knowing my luck (expr) /nəʊɪŋ maɪ lʌk/
supportive (adj) ❖
considering that I am not very lucky ● Knowing
my luck, I’ll be the only one that doesn’t pass 9.95 interpersonal (adj) /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənəl/
the test. ❖ connected with relationships between people
● I need to improve the way I behave in
interpersonal relationships. ❖

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9.96 punctual (adj) /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/ 9.105 ridiculous (adj) /rɪˈdɪkjələs/
at the expected, correct time ● I’m sure he will stupid and unreasonable ● Don’t be ridiculous!
be there already. He’s always punctual. You can’t pay 500 euros for a pair of shorts.
❖ ✎ Opp: late ❖
9.97 upbeat (adj) /ʌpˈbiːt/ 9.106 vague (adj) /veɪɡ/
positive and full of hope ● She is usually very not clear ● His answer was so vague nobody
upbeat, but this time she didn’t sound very understood what he meant. ❖
optimistic. ❖
9.98 get along with (phr v) /get əlɒŋ wɪð/ Phrasal verbs
have a good relationship with ● I get along act as pick sth up work on
with everyone in the office. We’re all friends. get along with stand out
❖ ✎ Syn: get on with make up take sb on
9.99 co-ordinator (n) /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪtə(r)/
a person who organises the people and activities
needed for sth ● We need a coordinator to
organise the campaign. ❖ Live well, study well
9.100 outgoing (adj) /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ Page 112
friendly, enjoying other people’s company
● She’s a very outgoing person and has lots of 9.107 pressure (n) /ˈpreʃə(r)/
friends everywhere. ❖ difficulty and worry caused by the need to
achieve results ● They had to work under
9.101 tournament (n) /ˈtɔːnəmənt/ considerable pressure to complete the project
a sports competition consisting of a number of in only a week. ❖
contests ● The young boxer felt confident he
would win the tournament. ❖ 9.108 zigzag (n) /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/
a line that looks like a Z or W ● He walked
9.102 counsellor (n) /ˈkaʊnsələ(r)/ in a zigzag, rather than a straight line.
sb who takes care of children at a summer ❖
camp ● Counsellors are usually just a few
years older than the children they’re looking 9.109 manufacturer (n) /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərə(r)/
after. ❖ a company that produces goods in large
numbers ● You can order these bags direct
9.103 at your earliest convenience (expr) /æt jər from the manufacturer. ➣ manufacture (v)
ˈɜːliəst kənˈviːniəns/ ❖
as soon as possible ● Please reply at your
earliest convenience. ❖ 9.110 uncertainty (n) /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/
a situation in which something isn't certain or
9.104 get carried away (expr) /get ˈkærid əˈweɪ/ known ● There was some uncertainty as to
become so excited that you lose control why he got fired. ➣ uncertain (adj)
● I got so carried away with the preparations ❖ ✎ Opp: certainty
for the party that I forgot the time.
❖

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