Civic Edu SS2 Lesson Notes WK 8

Session: 2023/2024 Term:1st term
Week: 8 Class: SS2
Topic: Human Right
Human rights: These are those entitlements that human beings enjoy in mutuality
and are protected by the law and constitution. They are due, moral claims and legal
elements that are enjoyed by citizens of a state. These rights are inalienable and
immutable and cannot be taken from anybody without affront of justice. They are
often referred to as fundamental human rights.
Fundamental human rights: are basic rights which are purely natural to human
beings. In Nigeria, fundament human rights are listed in chapter four (4) of the
1999 constitution. These rights include
1. Right to life
2. Right to the dignity of the human person
3. Right to personal liberty
4. Right to fear hearing
5. Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
6. Right to freedom of expression and of the press
7. Right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
8. Right to freedom of movement
9. Right to freedom of discrimination
10. Right to acquire and own property anywhere in Nigeria
11. Right to adequate compensation for compulsory acquisition of property
A. Natural rights. These rights are categorized into

v Right to life
v Right to freedom of movement
v Right to dignity of human person etc
v These are rights that help every individual to express his or her personality
in thought words and action.
B. Social rights: These rights are categorized into
v Right to private family person

v Right to freedom of expression
v Right to health care
v Right to shelter
v These are rights that help to promote the quality of life people live in a
community or a nation.
C. Civil /political rights: These rights include

v Right to vote in an election
v Right to be voted for in an election
v Right to accept and hold a political office
v Right to register as a voter
v Right to represent the state/nation at international election
v These are rights that empower the citizen of a state nation to participate in
politics and government of their state and nation
D. Economic rights: Economic rights are
v Right to work and earn a living

v Right to transact legitimate business
v Right to own a property anywhere in the country
v Right to move from one occupation to another
v Right to freedom from the compulsory acquiescing of one’s property.
Economic rights are rights that permit the citizen to work as an employee or self-
employed to earn a living and to live a more comfortable and decent life
E. Legal rights: These are:
v Right to access to law court

v Right to freedom from torture inhuman and degrading treatment
v Right to freedom from slavery or forced labour
v Right to be defended by a lawyer of the court or lawyer of your choice with
competent jurisdiction
v Right to be treated innocently until proven guilty by a court of law’
These legal rights are rights that enable citizens to file suit in a court of law and
seek redness whenever their rights are violated or about to be violated by another
citizen, organization, government people in public office.
Importance of human rights
1. Human rights help to promote the dignity of a citizen of a country.

2. They enable the citizens to live like human beings and not animals
3. They also enable citizens to have full confidence in themselves and to give
adequate expression to another person etc
Factor/limitation of human rights
There are limits to how an individual can exercise or enjoy his rights eg. A person
cannot continue to insist on his right at the expense or to the detriment of another.
That is why it is often said, “One right stops where another person’s right starts”
Human rights can be limited under this condition
1. Types of government
2. State of emergency
3. Conviction
4. In the situation of a limited franchise
5. Compulsory national service
6. Poverty takes over with or without compensation
7. Execution of court order
8. Maintenance of public health, safety and morality
9. Warrants
10. Bad government
How to safeguard human rights
Some ways to safeguard human rights are
1. Human rights should be entrenched in the constitution

2. There should be an independent judiciary capable of giving an impartial
judgement
3. The citizen should be free to participate in positive action eg demonstrate in
the strike and protect against the violation of human rights by any individual
or the government.
State of emergency and its features.
The emergency period has a lot of limitations on human rights. Some of the
features include the following
a. Limitation of movement
b. Limitation to the right to freedom of association and assembly
c. Limitation to freedom of speech and expression
d. Increased government spending
e. Increase in the number of security and health emergency personnel
f. Low output and proclivity.
Roles that are expected of good citizens during an emergency
However, emphasis will be placed on a few of these duties,
a. Be law-abiding
b. Report life-threatening situations to security or lawful agencies
c. Offer humanitarian and first aid assistance to other citizens
d. Avoid rumor mongering
REFERENCES
1: R.W Okunloye, S. O Koledoye, F. J Muazu, H. O. C Ambassador Brikius, R U

Okamiri, S. A Raufu 2011.Civic Education for Senior Secondary. Published by
Learn Africa
2: Gbenga M. Babalola $ Igbinobu Chucks 2020. Essential Civic Education for
Senior Secondary Schools. Published by Tonad
3: Babajide S Amao 2019. Mind Exploits. Civic Education for Senior Secondary
Schools, published by Mind Exploits Printing House
4: Yaro Kiritmwa Linda, Dapel Nandom, Nandi yaks. Kyesmang Samuel Yusuf et
al. 2018. Fundamentals of Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools and
Colleges. Published and printed in Nigeria by Skins press&Services {Nig}

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Session: 2023/2024 Term:1st term

Week: 8 Class: SS2

Topic: Human Right

A. Natural rights. These rights are categorized into

v Right to private family person

C. Civil /political rights: These rights include

D. Economic rights: Economic rights are

v Right to work and earn a living

v Right to access to law court

Importance of human rights

1. Human rights help to promote the dignity of a citizen of a country.

Human rights can be limited under this condition

Some ways to safeguard human rights are

1. Human rights should be entrenched in the constitution

Roles that are expected of good citizens during an emergency

However, emphasis will be placed on a few of these duties,

1: R.W Okunloye, S. O Koledoye, F. J Muazu, H. O. C Ambassador Brikius, R U

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