4 Sanitary Drainage

LECTURE 4
Sanitary Drainage System

Sanitary Piping Layout
• The pipes should take the shortest possible route to the house sewer or the
terminating point of the Sanitary system
• Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located
strategically so as to ensure efficient circulation
• Waste Collection System
• Ventilation System
Essential Parts of the Sanitary Drainage System
• Waste Pipe- conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter
• Vent Pipe- used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for
relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
• Trap-a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly

vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
• Stack-the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending

through one or more stories and extended thru the roof.
• Branch-any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack.
Essential Parts of the Sanitary Drainage System

• House/Building Drain-part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system
which receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage pipes
inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.
• House/Building Sewer-extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters
from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with
the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one
building site.
Principles of Waste & Soil (EXCRETA) Pipes Roughing-in
• Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction -use 45° wye branches,
combination wye – 1/8 bend branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent
sweep
• Vertical to Horizontal change in direction-45° wye branches or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweep
• Horizontal to vertical change in direction
▪ Horizontal to vertical change in direction
▪ No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be
used (i.e., sanitary cross)
▪ Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at
least two pipes (2) sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes
recognized for this purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, &
152 mm dia.)
Sanitary Drainage Lines
• The size of waste pipes or soil pipes depend on the amount of waste it carries.
• A lavatory discharges 0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min (7.5 gallons per min or 1
cu ft per min), which is equivalent to the Fixture Unit (F.U.)
• The F.U. rating of plumbing fixtures is based on the size of required trap.
Maximum Trap Loading
Exception: On self-service laundries.

Notes:
1. Capacity over 3.15 L/s shall be determined by the Administrative Authority.
2. For a continuous flow into a drainage system, such as from sump pump or
ejector, air-conditioning equipment or similar devices, two (2) fixture units shall
be allowed for every 0.063 L/s of flow.
3. 1 gpm = 0.063 L/s
Discharge Capacity
Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe – 2% or 20mm/m (¼” per foot).
Exception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural
features and irregular building plans, pipes 102 mm dia or larger may have a slope of
not less than 1% or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by the Administrative
Authority
Traps & Interceptors

Types of Permissible Traps:
The Common P-Trap
• Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, &

urinals
• Materials commonly used for the P-trap: nickel,
chrome plated brass,
Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC.
The Deep Seal P-Trap
• Water seal is about twice the size of the

common P-trap
• Used for extreme conditions because resealing
quality is greater
The Stand Trap
• Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are

usually built low in the ground, leaving very little
space for a foundation & a trap
• Serves as a water seal & structural support for
the fixture
The Running Trap
• Used within the line of the house drain
Types of Permissible Traps:

The Drum Trap
• Has a large diameter (around 0.16 m)
• Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water (bathtubs, shower or
floor drains)
Types of Prohibited Traps:
• Traps with movable parts or concealed interior partitions

• No fixtures shall be double-trapped
• The S-Trap
▪ Predecessor of P-traps
▪ Used before traps had to connect to a ventilation line
Traps REQUIRED
REQUIREMENTS:
• Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be separately
trapped with an approved-type waterseal trap
• Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm (portion

of a fixture drain between a trap and the vent)
• One trap, centrally located, may serve three single

compartment sinks or laundry tubs or lavatories,
adjacent to each other and in the same room, where their
waste outlets are not more than 0.75 m apart.
SIZE OF TRAPS:
• The trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is connected.
• Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than 51 mm and not
more than 102 mm (except where a deeper seal is found necessary by the
Administrative Authority for special conditions.)
Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures
INSTALLATION OF TRAPS:
The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the trap weir shall not
exceed 0.60 m in length.
Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms
Note: In no case shall the trap

distance be less than 2 times the
diameter of the trap arm.
• The developed length of the trap arm (measured from the top of closet ring to
inner edge of vent ) of a water closet or similar fixture shall not exceed 1.8 m.
• For trap arm 76 mm dia or larger, a cleanout is required for a change of
direction of greater than 22 ½ °.
Clean-outs
REQUIREMENTS:
Clean-outs REQUIRED
• at the upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line
• at each run of piping more than 15 meters (50 feet) in total developed length
• at every 15 m (50 ft) of total developed length or a fraction thereof
• additional clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate
offset angle exceeding 135°
• inside the building near the connection between the building drain and the
building sewer or installed outside the building at the lower end of the building
drain and extended to grade.
Clean-outs NOT REQUIRED

• on a horizontal drain less than 1.5 m in length unless such line is serving sinks
or urinals.
• on short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of 72 deg or less from the
vertical line (or at an angle of 1/5 bend)
SIZE OF CLEAN-OUTS:
• Size of clean-out shall be in conformity with the size of pipe served
Clean-Out Size
INSTALLATION OF CLEAN-OUTS:
• Each clean-out shall be installed so it opens with the direction of flow or at right
angles to the direction of flow except in the case of a wye branch.
• Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from a wye fitting or an

approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
• Each clean-out 51 mm or less shall have a front clearance of not less than 305
mm; those 51 mm or more shall have a front clearance of 450 mm.
• Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to or above finish floor or

shall be extended outside the building when there is less than 450 mm vertical
clearance or 750 horizontal clearance to the means of access.
• No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall be located more than

6.1 m from an access door, trap door or crawl hole.

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LECTURE 4

Sanitary Drainage System

Essential Parts of the Sanitary Drainage System

• Trap-a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly

• Stack-the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending

Essential Parts of the Sanitary Drainage System

Maximum Trap Loading

Exception: On self-service laundries.

Traps & Interceptors

• Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, &

• Water seal is about twice the size of the

The Stand Trap

• Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are

The Running Trap

• Used within the line of the house drain

Types of Permissible Traps:

Types of Prohibited Traps:

• Traps with movable parts or concealed interior partitions

• Only one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm (portion

• One trap, centrally located, may serve three single

Minimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fixtures

Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms

Note: In no case shall the trap

Clean-outs NOT REQUIRED

• Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from a wye fitting or an

• Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to or above finish floor or

• No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall be located more than

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