15th GROUP ELEMENTS

NITROGEN FAMILY (15TH GROUP)

1. NITROGEN (N2)
PREPARATION

(a) NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
(b)(NH4)2Cr2O7
 N2 + 4H2O + Cr2O3

(c) Ba(N3)2 Ba + 3N 2  Purest N2 obtained
 
2NaN3 2Na + 3N2  by this method

(d) 2 NH3 + 3NaOCl N2 + 3NaCl + 3H2O
(e) 2NO + 2Cu 

 2CuO+ N 2
red over heated Black
(f) Cl2 passed into liquor NH3
3Cl2 + 2NH3  N2 + 6HCl
6NH3 + 6HCl  6NH4Cl

-----------------------------------------------------
3Cl2 + 8NH3  N2 + 6NH4Cl
In this method NH3 conc. should not be lowered down beyond an particular limit.
3Cl2 + NH3  NCl3 + 3HCl
(Trimendously explosive)
PROPERTIES
(a) It is inert due to high bond energy.
(b) It is absorbed by hot metal like Ca, Mg, Al etc.
3Ca + N2  Ca3N2
2Al + N2  2AIN


Al2O3 + 3C + N2 2AIN + 3CO
Inorganic graphite (BN)x : White slippery solid having 2D-sheet structure.
(BN)x 3000°C (BN)x
3–D network structure similar to diamond (Borazon) which is harder than diamond and used for dimond cutting.
Na2B4O7 + 2NH4Cl  2NaCl + 2NH3 + 2B2O3 + H2O


B2O3 + 2NH3 2BN + 3H2O
EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE 1

SHAMIRPET | MADHAPUR | SUCHITRA | ECIL | MIYAPUR | LB NAGAR | KOKAPET
CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
(c) N2 can be absorbed by calcium carbide at the temp around 1000ºC
1000°C
CaC2 + N2 CaNCN (It is very good fertiliser)
nitrolim
Cyanamide ion
2
N–C N
N=C=N
(Ca(NCN)+ C) + 3H2O CaCO3 + 2NH3 + C
Slowly decomposes
NH2—CO—NH2
(Intermediate formed)
2. AMMONIA (NH3)
PREPARATION
– –
(a) Nitrate or nitrite reduction : NO 3 /NO 2 + Zn /Al + NaOH  NH3 + [Zn(OH)4]2–/ [Al(OH)4]–
(b) Metal nitride hydrolysis : N3– + 3H2O  NH3+3OH–

450°C
(c) Haber's process : N2 + 3H2 2NH3
200 - 1000 atm
 catalyst Fe/Mo
Note: NH3 can't be dried by H2SO4, P2O5 and anhydrous CaCl2 because –
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
H2O + NH3 + P2O5 (NH4)3PO4
CaCl2 + 8NH3  CaCl2.8 NH3 (forms adduct)
Quick lime is used for this purpose
CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 (base) 

 Hence nointeraction
NH3 (base) 
PROPERTIES
(a) It dissolves several electropositive metals like Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba etc.
Ex. K in liq NH3  (i) Blue in colour
(ii) Conducts electricity
(iii) Having reducing property
2 EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE

K K+ + e–
K+(NH3)n e (NH3)x It is the cause

solvated e
– for above property
(b) Ag(NO3) (aq) + BaCl2 (aq)  AgCl  + Ba(NO3)2
Filtrate Residue
Ba(NO3)2 AgCl
liq NH 3 Ba(NO3)2
crystal –
Cl– + [Ag(NH3)2 ]+ BaCl2 ¯+[Ag(NH3)2]++NO 3
(c) CH3COOH is strong acid in liquid NH3 while in water is weak acid.
–
 AcO + H+
AcOH 

 NH 4 and
NH3 + H+  H2O + H+  H3O+
Basisity order NH3 > H2O
(d) Hydrolysis and Ammonolysis occurs is a same way.

SiCl4 + 4H2O  4HCl + Si(OH)4  Si3O2 + 2H2O

SiCl4 + 8NH3 4NH4Cl + Si(NH2)4 Si3N2 + NH3
Rate of hydrolysis and Ammonolysis will be affected by the presence of HCl vapour & NH4Cl vapour respectively.
(e) NH4+ Salts PREPARATION NaNO3
Gypsum suspension saturated CaCO3 + (NH4)2SO4 NH4NO3
with NH3 and CO2 passed
NaCl
NaNO2 CaCO3
NH4(NO2) NH4Cl (NH4)2CO3

3. OXIDES OF NITROGEN
PREPARATION and PROPERTIES of Oxides of Nitrogen
Formula Name Preparation & Structure Properties

Dinitrogen NH4 NO3  N2 O + 2H2 O Colourless gas, rather
N2 O (Nitrous oxide) NN  O (sp, Linear polar molecule) unreactive, diamegnatic
Laughing gas neutral to litmus
Nitrogen monoxide (a) 3Cu + 8HNO3  3Cu(NO3 )2 + 2NO Colourless gas,
(Nitric oxide) paramagnetic, Neutral to
NO Pt litmus
(b) 4NH3 + 5O2 900°C
4NO + 6H2 O
Nitrogen dioxide Pb(NO3 )2  2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 Brown gas, reactive,

Mixed anhydride N paramagnetic, angular and
NO2 polar
132º
O O
H2 O
2NO2 HNO2 + HNO3
Dark blue in liquid (–30ºC)
Low T
N2 O3 Dinitrogen trioxide NO + NO2 N2 O3 N2 O3 or solid state, unstable
Room T
in the gas phase
O = N – O – N = O or
N2 O3 H2 O 2HNO2
O
O=N–N
O
Colourless, exists in
Low T
N2 O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide 2NO2 N2 O4 equilibrium with NO2 both
O O O in the gaseous and liquid
2N N –N state, in solid state, N2 O4 is
O O O unstable.
N2 O5 Dinitrogen pentoxide 2HNO3 + P2 O5  H2 O + N2 O5 No existance in gas phase,
H2 O + P2 O5  2HPO3 in the solid state exists as
O O nitronium nitrate
+ –
N N [NO2 ] [NO3 ]
O
O O
4. NITROUS ACID (HNO2)

PREPARATION
dil. acid
(a) M-nitrite HNO2
HCl or H2SO4
(b) N2O3 + H2O  2HNO2
PROPERTIES
(a) Oxidising property : Because of its easy oxidation to liberate nascent oxygen, it acts as a strong oxidant
2HNO2  H2O + 2NO + (O)
2KI + 2HNO2 + 2HCl  2KCl + 2H2O + 2NO + I2
SnCl2 + 2HNO2 + 2HCl  SnCl4 + 2NO + 2H2O

SO2 + 2HNO2 H2SO4 + 2NO
H2S + 2HNO2  2H2O + S  + 2NO
2FeSO4 + 2HNO2 + H2SO4  Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 2H2O
Na3AsO3 + 2HNO2  Na3AsO4 + 2NO + H2O

(b) Reducing property : Nitrous acid also acts as a reducing agent as it can be oxidised into nitric acid.
HNO2 + (O)  HNO3
2KMnO4 + 5HNO2 + 3H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5HNO3 + 3H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 3HNO2 + 4H2SO4  K2SO4 + Cr2 (SO4)3 + 3HNO3 + 4H2O
H2O2 + HNO2  H2O + HNO3
2HNO2 + NH2CONH2 2N2 + CO2 + 3H2O
Urea
HNO2 + NH3  NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
HNO2 + C2H5NH2  C2H5OH + N2 + H2O
< 5°C
HNO2 + C6H5 - NH2 · HCl C6H5N = NCl + 2H2O
Benzene diazonium chloride
5. NITRIC ACID (HNO3)

It was named aqua fortis (means strong water) by alchemists.
PREPARATION
(a) Laboratory Method
KNO3 + conc. H2SO4  KHSO4 + HNO3 (vap)
vapours of nitric acid evolved are condensed in a glass receiver.
(b) Industrial PREPARATION
(i) Birkeland Eyde Process or arc process
3000°C
Step 1 N2 + O2 Electric Arc
2NO - heat
Step 2 NO + O2  NO2

Step 3 NO2 + H2O  HNO2 + HNO3
Step 4 HNO2  HNO3 + NO + H2O
(ii) Ostwald's Process
Pt. gauze
Step 1 NH3 + O2 700 - 800°C 2NO - heat
Step 2 NO + O2 NO2
Step 3 NO2 + H2O  HNO2 + HNO3
Step 4 HNO2  HNO3 + NO + H2O
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Nitric acid usually acquires yellow colour due to its decomposition by sunlight into NO2.

sunlight
4HNO3   4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
The yellow colour of the acid can be removed by warming it to 60-80ºC and bubbling dry air through it. it has
extremely corrosive action on the skin and causes painful sores.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
It is very strong acid and it exhibits usual properties of acids. It reacts with basic oxides, carbonates, bicarbonates
and hydroxides forming corresponding salts.
CaO + 2HNO3  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
Na2CO3 + 2HNO3  2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2
NaOH + HNO3  NaNO3 + H2O
Oxidising nature : Nitric acid acts as a strong oxidising agent as it decomposes to give nascent oxygen easily.
2HNO3  H2O + 2NO2 + O
or 2HNO3  H2O + 2NO + 3O
(a) Oxidation of non-metals : The nascent oxygen oxidises various non-metals to their corresponding highest
oxyacids.
(i) Sulphur is oxides to sulphuric acid
conc. and hot

S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
(ii) Carbon is oxidised to carbonic acid
C + 4HNO3  H2CO3 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
(iii) Phosphorus is oxidised to orthophosphoric acid.
conc. and hot

2P + 10HNO3 2H3PO4 + 10NO2 + 2H2O
(iv) Iodine is oxidised to iodic acid
I2 + 10HNO3 conc. and hot  2HIO3 + 10NO2 + 4H2O
(b) Oxidation of metalloids : Metalloids like non-metals also form highest oxyacids
(i) Arsenic is oxidised to arsenic acid
conc. and hot
As + 5HNO3 2H3AsO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
(ii) Antimony is oxidised to antimonic acid
conc. and hot
Sb + 5HNO3 2H3SbO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
(iii) Tin is oxidised to meta-stannic acid.
Sn + 2HNO3  H2SnO3 + 4NO2 + H2O
(c) Oxidiation of compounds
(i) Sulphur dioxide is oxidised to sulphuric acid
SO2 + 2HNO3  H2SO4 + 2NO2

(ii) Hydrogen sulphide is oxidised to sulphur
H2S + 2HNO3  2NO2 + 2H2O + S
(iii) Ferrous sulphate is oxidised to ferric sulphate in presence of H2SO4
6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3  3Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 4H2O
(iv) Iodine is liberated from KI.
6KI + 8 HNO3  6KNO3 + 2NO + 3I2 + 4H2O
(v) HBr, HI are oxidised to Br2 and I2, respectively.
2HBr + 2HNO3  Br2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O Similarly
2HI + 2HNO3  I2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
(vi) Ferrous sulphide is oxidised to ferric sulphate
FeS + 8HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 8NO2 + 4H2O
(vii) Stannous chloride is oxidised to stannic chloride in presence of HCl
2HNO3 + 14H NH2OH + NH3 + 5H2O

Hydroxylamine
NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7SnCl2 + 14 HCl + 3HNO3 7SnCl4 + NH2 OH + NH4NO3 + 5H2O
(viii) Cane sugar is oxidised to oxalic acid
C12H22O11 + 36 HNO3 6(COOH)2 + 36NO2 +23H2O
Action on Metals : Nitric acid reacts with most of the metals except noble metals like gold and platinum. Towards its
reaction with metals, HNO3 acts as an acid as well as an oxidising agent. Like Other acids, HNO3 liberate nascent H
from metals which further reduces the nitric acid into number of products like NO, NO2, N2O, N2, NH2OH or NH3
according to the following reactions :
Metal + HNO3  Nitrate + H
2HNO3 + 2H  2NO + 2H2O
2HNO3 + 6H  2NO + 4H2O
2HNO3 + 10H  N2 + 6H2O
2HNO3 + 16H  2NH3 + 6H2O
The progress of the reaction is controlled by a number of factors :
(a) The nature of the metal (b) The concentration of the acid,
(c) The temperature of the reaction (d)The presence of other impurities

Concentration of nitric acid Metal Main products
Mg, Mn (2%) H2 + Metal nitrate
Very dilute HNO3 (6%)
Fe, Zn, Sn NH4 NO3 + metal nitrate + H2 O
Pb, Cu, Ag, Hg NO + metal nitrate + H2 O
Dilute HNO3 (20%) Fe, Zn N2 O + metal nitrate + H2 O
Sn NH4 NO3 + Sn(NO3 ) 2
Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ag, Hg NO2 + metal nitrate + H2 O
Conc. HNO3 (70%)
Sn NO2 + H2 SnO3
Action on Proteins
(a) Nitric acid attacks proteins forming a yellow nitro compound called xanthoprotein. It, therefore, stains skin and
renders wool yellow. This property is utilized for the test of proteins.
(b) Oxidation : Number of organic compound are oxidised.
Sawdust catches fire when nitric acid is poured on it. Turpentine oil bursts into flames when treated with fuming
nitric acid. Toluene is oxidised to benzoic acid with dil. HNO3.
Structure
Nitric acid is a monobasic acid, i.e. the molecule consist of one hydroxyl group as it is formed by the hydrolysis of
nitryl chloride, NO2Cl. It may be structurally represented as below :
O
HO—N
O
Gaseous nitric acid is a planar molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles as present in the molecule are represented
in the figure :
H O
Å
22
6º 1.
0.
102º
11
69
Å
O N 130º
1.2
1.44Å 2Å
O
6. Allotropic modifications of phosphorus
Phosphorus exists in a number of allotropic forms. These forms are :
(a) Yellow or white phosphorus (b) Red phosphorus (c) Black phosphorus
(a) White or yelllow phosphorus
PREPARATION
(i)
(ii) Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 conc. 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
H3PO4   HPO3
meta phosphoric acid

12C + 4HPO3 2H2 + 12CO + P4
Coke white 'P'
PROPERTIES
(i) It has characteristic garlic smell and is poisonous in nature. Persons working with phosphorus develop a
disease in which the jaw bones decay. This disease is knwon as phossy jaw.
(ii) In contact with air, it undergoes slow combustion and glows in dark. This property is called phosphorescence.
(iii) Its ignition temperature is low (about 30° C). It readily catches fire giving dense fumes of phosphorus pentoxide.
It is, therfore, kept in water.
P4 + 5O2 P4O10 or 2P2O5
Structure
<P— P—P
60°
Vander waal bonds
(b) Red phosphorus
PREPARATION
Red phosphorus is formed by heating yellow phosphorus, between 240–250° C, in presence of an inert gas.
240-250ºC
White 'P' Red 'P'
in an inert atm. like
N2 or CO2
I2 : catalyst
heated to 550ºC
Red 'P' White 'P'
in an inert atm and then
rapid cooling to room temp.
Structure of red phosphorus :- It is regarded as a polymer consisting of chains of P4 tetrahedral linked together by
covalent bond.
Proposed Molecular Structure of Red Phosphorus
(c) Black P
PREPARATION : This is most stable form of Phosphorus
470K
White(P) Black P
at high P
Black P contain zig-zag & double layered structure.
Order of density & mp

Black > Red > White
Comparison between White and Red Phosphorus
Property White phosphorus Red phosphorus

Physical state Soft waxy solid. Brittle powder.
Colour White when pure. Red.
Attains yellow colour
on standing.
Odour Garlic Odourless.
Solubility in water Insoluble. insoluble
Solubility in CS2 Soluble. Insoluble.
Physiological action Poisonous. Non-poisonous.
Chemical activity Very active. Less active. Property White phosphor
Stability Unstable. Stable.
Phosphorescence Glows in dark Does not glow in dark.
Reaction with NaOH Evolves phosphine. No action.
Molecular formula P4 Complex polymer.
7. PHOSPHINE GAS (PH3)
PREPARATION

(a) 4H3PO3 PH3 + 3H3PO4
(b) PH4I + KOH KI + PH3 + H2O


(PH3 + HI)

 purest PH 3

(c) 2AIP + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + PH3 
PHYSICAL PROPERITIES
(a) It is having 'rotten fish' smell.
(b) It is soluble in CS2 and insoluble in water.
+ —
PH3 + H2O PH4 + OH
in s-orbital, so donating capacity is less
Note : PH 4 is formed with acids.
(c) Like NH3, PH3 also can form addition product.

CaCl2 • 8NH3, Cu2Cl2 • 2PH3, AlCl3 • 2PH3, SnCl4 • 2PH3
PH3 can be absorbed by Ca(OCl)Cl.
PH3 + 3Ca(OCl)Cl + 3H2O  PCl3 + 3HCl + 3Ca(OH)2
2NH3 + 3Ca(OCl)Cl  N2 + 3CaCl2 + 3H2O
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
150°C
(a) PH3 + O3 P2O5 + H2O

(b) PH3 + 3Cl2  PCl3 + 3HCl
(c) PH3 + 4N2O electrical H3PO4 + 4N2

sparking
(d)
(e) PH3 + 6AgNO3  [Ag3P – 3AgNO3] + 3HNO3

Yellow ppt.
Ag3 P • 3AgNO3 + 3H2O  6 Ag  + 3HNO3 + H3PO3
Black ppt.
(f) PH3 + 4HCHO + HCl  [ P(CH2OH)4]+Cl– (which is used for making fire-proof cotton fabrics)
(White / colourless solid)
8. OXIDES OF PHOSPHORUS
It forms three important oxides which exist in dimeric forms.
Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
PREPARATION
Phosphorus trioxides is formed when phosphorus is burnt in a limited supply of air.
P4 + 3O2 (limited)  P4O6
PROPERTIES
(a) Heating in air : On heating in air, it forms phosphorus pentoxide.

P4O6 + 2O2 P4O10
Phosphorus (V) oxide
(b) Action of water : It dissolves in cold water to give phosphorus acid.
P4O6 + 6H2O (cold)  4H3PO3
Phosphorus acid
It is, therefore, considered as anhydride of phosphorus acid.
Note: With hot water, it gives phosphoric acid and inflammable phosphine.
Structure
P:
(a) Each atom of phosphorus in P4O6 is present at the corner of a tetrahedron O O
(b) Each phosphorus atom is covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms and O
P: :P
each oxygen atom is bonded to two phosphorus atoms. O
(c) It is clear from the structure that the six oxygen atoms lie along the edges O O
P
of the tetrahedron of P atoms. Structure of P4O6

Phosphorus (V) oxide (P4O10)
PREPARATION : It is prepared by heating white phosphorus in excess of air.
P4 + 5O2 (excess)
 P4O10
PROPERTIES
(a) It is snowy white solid.

(b) Action with water : It readily dissolves in cold water forming metaphosphoric acid.
P4O10 + 2H2O (Cold)  4HPO3
Metaphosphoric acid
With hot water it gives phosphoric acid.
P4O10 + 6H2O (Hot)  4H3PO4
Phosphoric acid
(c) Dehydrating nature : Phosphorus pentoxide has strong affinity for water and, therefore, acts as a powerful
dehydrating agent. It extracts water from many inorganic and organic compounds.
(d) P4O10 is a very strong dehydrating agent and extracts water from many compounds including sulphuric acid
and nitric acid.
P4O10
2HClO4  Cl2O7
Chlorine (VII) oxide
P4O10
2CH3CONH2 CH3CN O
P
Acetamide Methyl cyanide
O O
Structure
O P O P O
(a) Its structure is similar to that of P4O6. O
(b) In addition, each phosphorus atom forms a double bond with oxygen O O
P
atom as shown in figure.
O
Structure of P4O10

EXCERCISE#1 [Single corret Answer type Questions]
I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, ALLOTROPIC FORMS

1. The outer electronic configuration of group VA elements is
A) ns2 np2 B) ns2 np3 C) ns2 np4 D) ns2 np5
2. VA group elements are known as
A) Halogens B) Normal elements C) Chalcogens D) Pnicogens
3. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust among the following is
A) P B) As C) Sb D) Bi
4. Which one of the following has the lowest melting point?
A) N B) P C) As D) Sb
5. The molecular formula of Phosphorous is
A) P B) P4 C) P2 D) P5
6. The elements present in Flourapatite are
A) Ca, N & O only B) Ca & P only C) Ca, N, O, F D) Ca, P, F,O
7. List - I List - II
A) Phosphorite 1) KNO3
B) Bengal salt petre 2) Ba  NO3  2
C) Fluoroapatite 3) NaNO3
D) Chile salt petre 4) 3Ca3  PO4  2 .CaF2
5) Ca3  PO4  2
The correct match is
A B C D A B C D
A) 1 2 3 5 B) 2 4 3 1
C) 4 3 5 2 D) 5 1 4 3
8. The most thermodynamically stable allotropic form of phosphorus is
A) Red P B) Yellow P C) Black P D) All are stable
9. The element of 15th group which cannot exhibit allotropy
A) N B) As C) Sb D) Bi
10. Nitrogen shows allotropy in -------- state
A) gaseous B) liquid C) solid D) Liquid and Solid
11. The VA group element having more number of allotropes is
A) N B) P C) Bi D) Sb
12. In the compound NCl3 , negative oxidation state is exhibited by
A) Nitrogen B) Chlorine
C) Nitrogen & Chlorine D) Neither nitrogen nor chlorine
13. The oxidation state that is not exhibited by VA group elements
A) +1 B) +3 C) -3 D) +6
14. A metalloid of nitrogen family is
A) N B) As C) P D) Bi
15. The element having the higher boiling point is
A) P B) As C) Sb D) Bi
16. Phosphide ion has electronic structure similar to that of
A) Nitride ion B) Chloride ion C) Fluoride ion D) Sodium ion
17. The most reactive form of phosphorus is
A) White P B) Red P C) Black P D) Scarlet P

18. Which is oxidised in air
A) White P B) CH 4 C) H 2O D) SO2
19. Which of the following exist in mono-atomic state
A) Phosphorus B) Nitrogen C) Antimony D) Bismuth
20. Which property of white phosphorus is common to red P
A) It burns when heated in air
B) It reacts with hot caustic soda solution to give phosphine
C) It shows chemiluminescence
D) it is soluble in carbon disulphide
21. Oxidation state of +3 for phosphorous is found in
A) H3PO3 B) H3PO4 C) H3PO2 D) H4P2O7
A) HNO3 1) -3, +5 oxidation state
B) NH4NO3 2) -1/3 oxidation state
C) N3 H 3) +5 oxidation state
D) H3PO3 4) +3 oxidation state
5) + 1/3 oxidation state
A B C D A B C D
A) 3 1 2 4 B) 5 2 3 4
C) 1 2 3 4 D) 4 3 2 5
23. The stable oxidation state of Bismuth is
A) +1 B) +5 C) -3 D) +3
II. DINITROGEN
24. The bond energy of N  N in KJ per mole is
A) 180 B) 941.4 C) 350 D) 120
25. Anamolous behaviour of Nitrogen is due to
A) Small size and high electronegativity B) Non availability of d-orbitals in valency shell
C) Ease of multiple bond formation D) All are correct
26. Fixation of nitrogen means
A) reaction of nitrogen with oxygen
B) conversion of free atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds
C) the action of denitrifying bacteria on nitrogen compounds
D) decomposition of nitrogenous compounds to yield free nitrogen.
III. HYDRIDES
27. The trend in the hydrides from Bi to N is
A) Bond length increases B) Bond length decreases
C) Acidic nature increases D) Bond energy decreases
28. Which of the following hydrides has the lowest melting point
A) NH3 B) PH3 C) AsH3 D) SbH3
29. The largest bond angle is in
A) AsH3 B) NH3 C) H2O D) PH3
30. Among the following which one is more stable?
A) PH3 B) NH3 C) AsH3 D) SbH3
31. The formula of the Hydride of nitrogen that is acidic in nature is
A) NH3 B) HN3 C) N2H4 D) NH2OH
32. The element which forms acidic hydride is
A) Nitrogen B) Phosphorus C) Arsenic D) Antimony

33. Which of the following is correct about 15th group Hydrides (from ammonia to Bismuthine)
A) Their thermal stability gradually increase B) Their ease of preparation gradually increase
C) The electron pair donating Nature gradually decrease D) The bond energies gradually increase
34. Which of the following is a Hydride of Nitrogen
A) NH3 B) N2H4 C) HN3 D) All
35. The oxidation state of nitrogen is a fractional value in
A) Hydroxyl amine B) Hydrazoic acid C) Nitrate ion D) Hydrazine
36 Thermally more stable hydride is
A) NH 3 B) PH 3 C) AsH 3 D) BiH 3
37. Non combustible hydride is
A) PH3 B) SbH3 C) NH3 D) AsH3
38. The substance that is neutral to litmus
A) N2O3 B) NH3 C) P4O10 D) PH3
39. Which of the following is least stable
A) NH4+ B) SbH4+ C) PH4+ D) AsH4+
40. Which statement is false
A) NH3 is a Lewis base B) NH3 molecule is triangular planar
C) NH3 does not act as reducing agent D) NH3 (liquid) is used as a solvent
41. Which is used to produce smoke screens?
A) Zinc sulphide B) Calcium phosphide C) Zinc phosphate D) Sodium carbonate
42. Which one of the following statements is
correct with respect to basic character ?
A) PH 3  P  CH 3 3 B) PH 3  NH 3 C) PH 3  NH 3 D) P (CH 3 )3  PH 3
43. Which is in the decreasing order of boiling
points of hydrides ?
A) NH 3  PH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3 B) SbH 3  AsH 3  PH 3  NH 3
C) PH 3  NH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3 D) SbH 3  NH 3  AsH 3  PH 3
IV. OXIDES
44. Which of the following is both neutral and paramagnetic
A) N 2O B) NO C) NO2 D) N 2O4
45. Oxide of nitrogen formed in the atmosphere during the lightening is
A) NO B) N2O C) NO2 D) None
46. A colourless paramagnetic gas among the following is
A) Nitric Oxide B) Nitrous Oxide C) Nitrogen dioxide D) Dinitrogen trioxide
47. A blue liquid among the following is
A) N2O3 B) N2O C) N2O4 D) NO2
48. The oxide of Nitrogen which has three-electron bond in its structure is
A) N2O B) NO C) N2O3 D) N2O5
49. The laughing gas is
1. Nitrous oxide 2. Nitric oxide 3. Nitrogen oxide 4. Nitrogen pentoxide
50. FeSO4 forms brown ring with
A) NO3 B) NO C) NO2 D) N2O3
51. Ammonium nitrate crystals on heating at 250-2600 C gives
A) N2 B) NO2 C) N2O D) NO
52. Number of oxygen atoms attached to phosphorus atom in P4O6 molecule are
A) 6 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2
53. Which of the following is paramagnetic
A) NO B) NO2 C) ClO2 D) All

54. Acidic para magnetic oxide of nitrogen
A) NO B) N2O3 C) NO2 D) N2O5
55. Regarding N2O, the wrong statement is
A) It is called laughing gas B) It is called nitrous oxide
C) It is a linear molecule D) It is a more reactive oxide
56. Which of the following exist as dimer
A) NO B) NO2 C) P2O3 D)All
57. Amphoteric oxide among the following is
A) N2O5 B) As2O3 C) Bi2O3 D) N2O
58. Which of the following exists as monomer molecules only
A) Nitrogen (III) Oxide B) Phosphorus (V) Oxide
C) Arsenic (III) Oxide D) Antimony(V) Oxide
59. Nitrogen (I) oxide is produced by
A) Thermal decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate B) Decomposition of NO2
C) By the decomposition of NaNO2 D) By the interaction of Hydroxyl amine and Nitrous acid
60. In P4O10 the number of no oxygen atoms bonded to each phosphorous atom is
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
61. Which of the following oxide is brown coloured gas
A) NO2 B) NO C) N 2O D) N 2O5
62. The gas not having oxidizing as well as bleaching properties is
A) Chlorine B) Ozone C) SO2 D) N2O
63. P4O10 is the anhydride of the following
A) H 3 PO2 B) H 3 PO3 C) H 3 PO4 D) H 3 PO5
V. HALIDES
64. Nitrogen cannot form penta halide because
A) Nitrogen atom is very small B) Nitrogen atom has no vacant orbitals in valency shell
C) Electronegativity of nitrogen is very high. D) Nitrogen molecule contains a very strong triple bond
65. Which of the following trihalides is not hydrolysed
A) NF3 B) PCl3 C) AsCl3 D) SbCl3
66. Which one of the following exceeds octet rule?
A) NCl3 B) PCl3 C) PCl5 D) NH3
67. The hybrid orbitals used by Phosphorus in the formation of PCl5 are
A) sp3 B) sp2 C) dsp2 D) sp3d
68. PCl3 on hydrolysis gives
A) H3PO4 B) H3PO3 C) POCl3 D) H3PO2
69. Which of the following is explosive
A) NCl3 B) NF3 C) NH3 D) N2O5
70. Which of the following undergoes hydrolysis very easily
A) NCl3 B) PCl3 C) AsCl3 D) BiCl3
71. PCl3 is prepared by the action of Cl2 on
A) P2O3 B) P2O5 C) White P D) H3PO3
72. Which of the following pentahalides of Bi exists
A) BiCl5 B) BiBr5 C) BiI5 D) BiF5
73. Which chloride is not appreciably hydrolysed by water
A) NCl3 B) PCl3 C) AsCl3 D) SbCl3
74. The shape and hybridisation of PCl3 molecule
A) Tetrahedral and sp 3 B) Pyramidal and sp 3 C) Angular and sp 3 D) Planar trigonal and sp 3

75. Which of the following trihalides give unique products on hydrolysis.
A) NCl3 B) PCl3 C) ASCl3 D) SbCl3
76. The element which gives explosive halides is
A) Phosphorus B) Nitrogen C) Arsenic D) Bismuth
77. Which of the following is most stable
A) NI3 B) NF3 C) NBr3 D) NCl3
78. Among NCl3 , PF5 and NF5 why NF5 is impossible?
A) N has high electronegativity B) N has high ionisation energy
C) N has lowest atomic size D) N has no vacant d-orbital
79. Which of the following is not correct ?
A) Hydrolysis of NCl3 gives NH 3 and HOCl B) NH 3 is less stable than PH 3
C) NH 3 isa weak reducing agent compared to PH 3 D) Nitric oxide in solid state exhibits diamagnetic property
VI. OXYACIDS
80. In hyponitrous acid the number of Hydroxyl groups present are
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
81. Oxidation state of phosphorus is + 3 in
A) Orthophosphorus acid B) Orthophosphoric acid C) Pyrophosphoric acid D) Metaphosphoric acid
82. A tribasic acid with peroxy bond is
A) H3PO2 B) H3PO3 C) H3PO4 D) H3PO5
83. The salts of phosphorous acid are called
A) Phosphates B) Phosphites C) Hypophosphites D) Phosphides
84. Which contains O-O linkage?
A) H3PO3 B) H4P2O7 C) H4P2O6 D) H 3 PO5
85. The formula of meta phosphoric acid is
A) H2PO3 B) H3PO3 C) HPO3 D) H4P2O7
A) H 3 PO3 B) H 3 PO4 C) H 3 PO2 D) H 4 P2O7
87. Number of hydroxy groups present in Phosphoric acid
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
88. Which of the following is an acid
A) Ca(OH)2 B) P(OH)3 C) NH4OH D) NaOH
89. The oxyacid of phosphorous which has more non-ionisable hydrogens
A) H3PO2 B) H3PO3 C) H4P2O7 D) H4P2O6
90. An element X belongs I, II, III or V groups. Its oxide reacts with water to produce highly acidic solution the element
X belongs to
A) I groups B) II group C) III group D) V group
91. The anhydride of orthophosphoric acid is
A) P4O6 B) P2O4 C) P4O10 D) H2P2O6
92. The oxyacid of phosphorous which exists as a dimer in vapour phase is
A) Hypophosphorous acid B) Pyrophosphoric acid C) Peroxy phosphoric acid D) Metaphosphoric acid
93. Salt of the following is used as a water softner
A) H 4 P2O6 B) H 4 P2O7 C) HPO3 D) HPO2
94. Basicity of orthophosphoric acid is
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
95. Among the following an acidic salt is
A) NaH 2 PO2 B) NaH 2 PO3 C) Na2 HPO3 D) Na3 PO4

VII. NITRIC ACID
96. Mixture of conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 is known as
A) Sulphonating mixture B) Nitration mixture C) Explosion mixture D) Fusion mixture
97. Iron is rendered passive in
A) aquaregia B) conc. H2SO4 C) conc. HNO3 D) conc. HCl
98. The industrial preparation of nitric acid by ostwald’s process involves
A) reduction of NH3 B) oxidation of NH3
C) hydrogenation of NH3 D) hydrolysis of NH3
99. Catalyst in the Ostwald’s process is
A) Pt B) Fe C) V2O5 D) Ni
100. Ammonia and air are the starting materials for the manufacture of Nitric acid in
A) Birkland-Eyde process B) Ostwald’s process C) Haber’s process D) Hasen Clever method
101. Moles of oxygen that can oxidise one mole of NH 3 to NO
A) 1 B) 1.25 C) 2.5 D) 5
102. Percentage of nitric acid obtained in
Ostwald’s process is
A) 61% B) 68% C) 74% D) 82%
VIII. AMMONIA
103. In Haber’s process for the manufacture of ammonia, the catalyst used is
A) finely divided Nickel B) finely divided molybdenum
C) finely divided iron D) finely divided Platinum
104. The catalytic promoter used in Haber’s process is
A) Mo B) Ni C) Pt D) V2O5
105. NH3 on burning in oxygen gives
A) NO and H2O B) NO2and H2O C) N2and H2O D) N2O and H2
106. An aqueous solution of ammonia contains
A) Ammonium ions B) Hydroxy ions C) both of them D) H+ ions
107. Nitrolim is
A) CaC2 + N2 B) CaCN2 + Graphite C) Ca NCN D) Ca(CN)2 + C
108. In the preparation of HNO3 by Ostwald process ammonia is
A) reduced B) oxidised C) reduced and oxidised D) hydrolysed
109. NH 4Cl on heating with NaOH liberates
A) NaCl B) NH 3 C) HCl D) NaOCl
110. Ammonia gas is dried over
A) Quick lime B) Conc. H 2 SO4 C) P2O5 D) CaCl2
111. Which of the following compound is not used as fertilizer
A) Ammonium sulphate B) Urea C) Calcium super phosphate D) Ca3  PO4  2

112. Which of the following can serve as a solvent for both ionic and covalent compunds?
A) Liquid ammonia B) H 2O C) Benzene D) CCl4
113. Which does not give ammonia with water
A) Mg3N2 B) AlN C) CaCN2 D) Ca(CN)2

114. When a mixture of NH3 and air is passed over heated platinum gauze at 8000 C, it produces
A) NO B) NO2 C) POCl3 D) HOCl
115. Aqueous NaOH reacts with white Phosphorous to form Phosphine and
A) NaH 2 PO2 B) P2O5 C) Na3 PO3 D) P2O3
IX. SUPER PHOSPHATE OF LIME

116. Teeth and bones are made of mainly
A) Calcium silicate B) Calcium phosphate
C) Calcium silicon phosphate D) Calcium hydrogen phosphate
117. Superphosphate of lime is a good fertilizer because it is
A) Calcium containing substance B) Soluble in water
C) Containing gypsum D) None of these
118. Superphosphate is a mixture of
A) Ca(H2PO4)2 H2O + CaCl2 2H2O B) Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2(CaSO4. 2H2O)
C) Ca3(PO4)2 H2O + 2CaSO4 2H2O D) Ca3(PO4)2 H2O + CaCl2 2H2O
119. Superphosphate of lime is obtained by treating
A) Calcium phosphate with HCl B) Calcium phosphide with HCl
C) Calcium phosphate with H2SO4 D) Calcium phosphate with NaOH

1. Atomicity of white phosphorus is
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 8
2. Which of the following is able to form ionic compounds
A) Bi B) As C) Sb D) P
3. The percentage of P-character in the orbitals forming P  P bonds in P4 is
A) 25 B) 33 C) 50 D) 75
4. Which of the following exists in more number of allotropic forms
A) Nitrogen B) Bismuth C) Arsenic D) Phosphorus
5. Red phosphorous is less soluble and less volatile than white phosphorous because its structure is
A) polymerised chains B) hexagonal rings C) tetrahedral D) Planar sheets
6. In Ba(H2POB)2 the oxidation number of phosphorous is
A) + 5 B) + 1 C) + 3 D) + 4
7. The oxidation state of nitrogen in hydrazine is
A) -1 B) -2 C) +1 D) +2
8. Substance Oxidation state of N

A) HNO3 1) -3 , +5
B) NH 4 NO3 2) -1/3
C) N3 H 3) +5
D) H 3 PO3 4) +3
5) +1/3
A B C D A B C D
A) 3 1 2 4 B) 5 2 3 4
C) 1 2 3 4 D) 4 3 2 5

9. The number of covalent bonds made by phosphorus atom never exceeds
A) 3 B) 6 C) 2 D) 12.
o
10. Ionic radius ( in A ) of As3+ ,Sb3+ and Bi3+ follow the order ...
A) As 3+ >Sb 3+ >Bi 3+ B) Sb3+ >Bi 3+ >As 3+ C) Bi 3+ >As 3+ >Sb 3+ D) Bi 3+ >Sb 3+ >As 3+
11. The shape and bond angle of white Phosphorous molecule is
A) Linear and 180 0 B) Trigonal planar and 120 0
C) Tetrahedral and 109 0 281 D) Tetrahedral and 600
12. How do we get pure N 2 gas
A) NH 3  NaNO2 B) NH 4Cl  NaNO2 C) N 2O  Cu D) Heating of Ba  N3  2

13. One mole of calcium phosphide on reaction with excess of water gives
A) 1 mole of phosphine B) two moles of phosphoric acid
C) two moles of phosphine D) one mole of phosphourous pentoxide
14. The p - p bond energy is x’ KJ/mole. Then the energy needed for the dissociation of 124g of white phosphorous is
A) x KJ B) 4x KJ C) 6x KJ D) 8x KJ
15. The following are some statements about VA group elements
I) All elements exhibits allotropy II) Boiling points decrease down the group
III) They contain five electrons in their valency shell
The correct combination is
A) All are correct B) Only III is correct C) I & II are correct D) II & III are correct
16. With reference to protonic acids, which of the following statements is correct ?
A) PH 3 is more basic than NH 3 B) PH 3 is less basic than NH 3
C) PH 3 is equally basic as NH 3 D) PH 3 is amphoteric while NH 3 is basic
II. DINITROGEN
17. Nitrogen forms N 2 but phosphorus forms P4 due to
A) Triple bond is present between phosphorus atoms B) P  P bonding is weak.
C) P  P bonding is strong D) Multiple bond is formed easily
18. Nitrogen liberated by the thermal decomposition of only
A) NH 4 NO2 B) NaN 3 C)  NH 4 2 Cr2 O7 D) all the three
19. The CN  ion and N 2 are isoelectronic. But in contrast to CN  , N 2 is chemically inert because of
A) low bond energy B) absence of bond polarity
C) unsymmetrical electron distribution D) presence of more number of electrons in bonding orbitals
20. A diatomic gas will be obtained in
A) Cu  dil.HNO3  B)  NH 4  2 Cr2O7 
 C) Both 1 & 2
Heat
D) NH 4 NO3  
21. For NH 4 Cl  NaNO3  


  A  
Cu
  B    X  gas ,
which of the following is correct?
A)  B  is an amphoteric oxide
B)  X  is a colourless, diamagnetic gas which combines with Al on heating
C)  X  can be produced by action of  Zn  NaOH  on NaNO2
D)  X  is coloured, paramagnetic gas which combines with Al on heating

22. The statements regarding N 2 molecule are
I) The Bond energy is 945.4 KJ/mole
II) It has triple bond
III) It contains 2 and 1 bond
A) Only II is correct B) I & II are correct C) II and III are correct D) All are correct
III. HYDRIDES
23. Which of the following is least stable
A) NH3 B) N3H C) H2NNH2 D) N2H2
24. The bond angle decreases from NH3 to BiH3 due to
A) The decrease in basic strength B) The decrease in bond dissociation energy
C) The decrease in electronegativity of the cental atom D) All of these
25. Which one of the following can more readily donate the lone pair?
A) NH3 B) PH3 C) AsH3 D) BiH3
26. The most polar compound among the following is
A) NH3 B) PH3 C) AsH3 D) BiH3
27. Acidic hydride of nitrogen is
A) NH 3 B) N 2 H 4 C) N2 H 2 D) N3 H
28. The correct order of reducing abilities of VA group hybrides is
A) NH 3  PH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3  BiH 3 B) NH 3  PH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3  BiH 3
C) NH 3  PH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3  BiH 3 D) SbH 3  BiH 3  AsH 3  NH 3  PH 3
29. Which of the following has maximum complex forming ability with a given metal ion
A) PH3 B) BiH3 C) NH3 D) SbH3
30. The oxidation number of N in N3H is
A) + 1/3 B) 0 C) - 1/3 D) 1
31. The bond energies (in KJ mole 1 ) of
P -H , As-H and N-H respectively ?
A) 247 , 318 and 389 B) 247 , 389 and 318 C) 318 , 389 and 247 D) 318 , 247 and 389
32. What is the order of basic nature of hydrides of VA group elements ?
A) AsH 3  SbH 3  PH 3  NH 3 B) NH 3  SbH 3  PH 3  AsH 3
C) NH 3  PH 3  AsH 3  SbH 3 D) PH 3  NH 3  SbH 3  AsH 3
33. White phosphorous reacts with caustic soda to give phosphine and sodium hypophosphite. In this reaction
phosphorous undergoes
A) Oxidation B) Reduction C) Both D) None of these
34. Which of the following is not correct
A) Hydrolysis of NCl3 gives NH3 and HOCl B) NH3 is less stable than PH3
C) NH3 is weak reducing agent compared to PH3 D) Nitric Oxide in solid state exhibits diamagnetic property.
35. Silver chloride dissolves in excess of NH 4OH . The cation present in solution is
  
A) Ag  B)  Ag  NH 3 4  C)  Ag  NH 3  2  D)  Ag  NH 3 6 
36. The oxyacid of phosphorous which has more non-ionisbale Hydrogens

37. The following are some statements related to VA group hydrides
I) Reducing property increases from NH 3 to BiH 3
II) Tendency to donate lone pair decreases from NH 3 to BiH 3
III) Ease of replacing H with Cl decreases from NH 3 to BiH 3
IV) Ease of formation of hydrides decreases from NH 3 to BiH 3
The correct statements are
A) I , II , III , IV B) I , III and IV C) I , II and IV D) I and IV
IV. OXIDES
38. Which of the following is most acidic
A) As2O3 B) P2O3 C) Sb2O3 D) Bi2O3
39. Which of the following is a mixed acid anhydride
A) Nitrogen (III) Oxide B) Nitrogen (II) Oxide C) Nitrogen (V) Oxide D) Nitrogen (IV) Oxide
40. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen is anhydride of nitric acid ?
A) N2O3 B) N2O4 C) N2O5 D) N2O
41. Which one of the following elements does not form the compound, M 4O10 (M = element)?
A) P B)Sb C) As D) Bi
42. Nitrous oxide is
A) Soluble in cold water B) Soluble in hot water without decomposition
C) Acidic in nature D) Basic in nature
43. NO2 can not be obtained by heating
A) KNO3 B) Pb(NO3)2 C) Cu(NO3)2 D) Hg(NO3)2
44. P4O6 is the anhydride of the following

45. The hybridization of phosphorous atom in P4O6 and P4O10 is
A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) sp3d
46. The bonds present in P4O10 are
A) Ionic and covalent B) Ionic and dative C) Covalent and dative D) Only covalent bonds
47. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen is the anhydride of nitrous acid ?
A) NO B) N 2O3 C) N 2O4 D) N 2O5
48. The number of oxygen atoms bonded to one phosphorous atom in P4O10 is
A) 4 B) 3 C) 6 D) 5
49. The arrangement of oxygen atoms around each phosphorous in P4O10
A) Pyramidal B) Octahedral C) Tetrahedral D) Square planar
50. When NH 4 NO3 is gently heated, an oxide of Nitrogen is formed. What is the oxidation state of Nitrogen in this
oxide ?
A) + 4 B) + 2 C) + 3 D) + 1
51. The following are some statements about oxides of VA group elements
I) N 2O molecule is linear II) NO2 molecule is angular III) N 2O5 molecule is angular
A) All are correct B) I & III are correct C) II & III are correct D) I & II are correct

52. The number of Oxygen atoms surroundings each Nitrogen atom in N2O5 is
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
53. Oxide of nitrogen used as one of the constituents in making anesthetics is
A) Nitric Oxide B) Nitrogen dioxide C) Nitrous Oxide D) Dinitrogen Pentoxide
54. The number of bridge oxygen atoms present in both P4O6 and P4O10 are respectively
A) 4 , 6 B) 4 , 4 C) 6 , 4 D) 6 , 6
55. The number of P-O bonds and lone pair of electrons present in P4O6 molecule .
A) 12 , 16 B) 12 , 12 C) 8 , 8 D) 12 , 4
56. LIST - 1 LIST - 2
A) NO 1) Colourless and paramagnetic
B) NO2 2) Greenish yellow gas
C) N 2O3 3) Reddish brown and paramagnetic
D) N 2O5 5) Anhydride of Nitric acid

5) Anhydride of Nitrous acid
A B C D A B C D
A) 2 4 5 1 B) 1 3 5 4
C) 3 2 1 5 D) 1 4 4 3
57. LIST - 1 LIST - 2
A) NCl3  H 2O  1) HOCl
B) PCl3  H 2O  2) H 3 PO3
C) PCl5  H 2O  3) H 3 PO4
D) PF3  H 2O  4) H 3 PO2
5) No Hydrolysis
A B C D A B C D
A) 1 2 3 5 B) 2 4 2 5
C) 3 2 1 4 D) 5 3 2 1
58. When orthophosphoric acid is strongly heated the product formed is

A) Phosphine , PH 3 B) Phosphorous trioxide , P2O3
C) Phosphorous acid , H 3 PO3 D) Metaphosphoric acid, HPO3
V. HALIDES
59. The V A group clement that doesn’t directly react with chlorine
A) N B) As C) Sb D) Bi
60. Which of the following gives an alkaline gas on hydrolysis
A) PCl3 B) BiCl3 C) NCl3 D) PBr3
61. Which of the following halide does not contain a lone pair of electrons on the central atom
A) PCl3 B) NCl3 C) AsCl3 D) PCl5

62. PCl5 on hydrolysis gives
63. The trihalide which forms oxocations on hydrolysis is
A) NCl3 B) PCl3 C) SbCl3 D) AsCl3
64. Bismuth forms the only pentahalide with the halogen
A) Bromine B) Fluorine C) Chlorine D) Iodine
65. N 2 forms NCl3 whereas P can form both PCl3 and PCl5 . Why?
A) P has d-orbitals which can be used for bonding but N 2 does not have
B) N atom is larger than P in size
C) P is more reactive towards Cl than N
D) None of the above
VI. OXYACIDS
66. H3PO2 is the molecular formula of an acid of phosphorous. It’s name and basicity respectively are
A) Metaphosphorous acid and one B) Hypophosphorous acid and one
C) Metaphosphoric acid and two D) Hypophosphoric acid and two
67. Which of the following is a normal salt
A) Na2HPO4 B) NaH2PO3 C) NaH2PO4 D) Na3PO4
68. Which of the folowing is tetrabasic acid
A) Orthophosphoric acid B) Orthophosphorous acid
C) Metaphosphoric acid D) Pyrophosphoric acid
69. Covalency of phosphorous in peroxy phosphoric acid is
A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
70. The starting material used for the manufactured of HNO3 by Ostwalds process is
A) Ammonia and N 2O B) Ammonia C) Air only D) Ammonia and nitrogen
71. Acid having peroxide linkage in its structure is
A) HNO3 B) H3PO4 C) H4P2O7 D) HNO4
72. Two oxides of Nitrogen, NO and NO2 react together at 253 K and form a compound Nitrogen X. X reacts with water
to yield another compound of Nitrogen Y. The shape of the anion of Y molecule is
A) Tetrahedral B) Triangular planar C) Square planar D) Pyramidal
A) H 3 PO3 B) H 3 PO4 C) H 3 PO2 D) H 4 P2O7
74. The number of hydroxyl groups in pyrophosphoric acid is
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 7
75. H 3 PO2 is the formula for one of the phosphorous acids. Its name and basicity are respectively
A) Phosphorous acid and two B) Hypophosphorous acid and two
C) Hypophosphorous acid and one D) Hypophosphoric acid and two
76. The acid that forms primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates is
A) H 3 PO2 B) H 3 PO3 C) HPO3 D) H 3 PO4
77. Which of the following is not an acidic salt?
A) NaH 2 PO2 B) NaH 2 PO3 C) NaH 2 PO4 D) Na2 HPO4
78. The reducing strength of oxyacid of the Phosphorous depends on
A) The number of H-atoms directly attached to P B) The number of H-atoms attached to oxygen atom
C) The number of O-atoms attached to P-atoms D) The number of P-atoms

79. Regarding H 3 PO5 the wrong statement is
A) It’s basicity is three B) Oxidation state P in it is +5
C) It contains O - O linkage D) It can form a dimer
80. The following are some statements about HNO2
I) Its undissociated forms are tautomers
II) Its undissociated forms are resonance structures
III) Its anhydride in pure state exists as pale blue solid and that melts to deep blue liquid
A) All are correct B) I , III are correct C) II , III are correct D) I,II are correct
81. The statements regarding oxyacids of phosphorous are
I) HPO3 molecule is monobasic acid II) H 4 P2O6 molecule has P - P bond
III) H 4 P2O7 molecule has P-O-P linkage
A) All are correct B) Only II is correct C) II&III are correct D) I&II are correct
82. Which pair of oxyacids of phosphorous contain ‘P-H’ bonds ?
A) H 3 PO4 , H 3 PO3 B) H 3 PO5 , H 4 P2O7 C) H 3 PO3 , H 3 PO2 D) H 3 PO2 , HPO3
83. Thomas Slag is
A) Ca3  PO4 2  CaSiO3 B) MnSiO3 C) CrSiO3 D) FeSiO3
84. The following some statements about HNO2 are
i)It acts as both oxidising and reducing agent. ii) It is a strong acid.
iii) Its Anhydride in pure state exists as pale blue liquid
A) All are correct B) i, iii are correct C) ii, iii are correct D) i, ii are correct
85. In H 3 PO3 molecule
A) P-atom is surrounded by three - OH groups
B) P-atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by two -OH groups, one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom
C) P-atom is surounded by four -OH groups
D) P - atom is surrounded by two -H atoms
86. The following are some statements about oxyacids of VA group elements
I) The salt of nitric acid contains NO3 ion II) The salt of phosphoric acid contains PO43 ion
III) Salts of meta phosphoric acid contains HPO32  ion

A) All are correct B) I , III are correct C) II , III are correct D) I , II are correct
87. In solid state PCl5 exists as ionic solid i.e.,  X  Y  , shapes of X  and Y  are respectively
 
A) Tetrahedral, Pyramidal B) Tetrahedral, Octahedral

C) Octahedral , Linear D) Octahedral , Trigonal bipyramidal
88. The number of P-P bonds in cyclotrimeta phosphoric acid is
A) 3 B) 9 C) 6 D) zero
VII. NITRIC ACID
89. Which of the following is rendered passive by con. HNO3 is

A) Al B) Au C) Zn D) Sn
90. Which of the following is used in pyrotechniques
A) NH 3 B) HNO3 C) PH 3 D) H 3 PO4

91. Conc. HNO3 is treated with iron. The metal is passive because
A) It is a transition metal B) It forms protective oxide film
C) It is reduced D) It liberates laughing gas
92. 4Zn  10 HNO3  4 Zn  NO3 2  NH 4 NO3  3H 2O . In this reaction one mole of HNO3 is reduced by
A) 32g Zn B) 64g Zn C) 128g Zn D) 256g Zn
93. CaO.Ca  NO3 2  is the chemical composition of the substance, commonly used as
A) Fertiliser B) Explosive C) Perfume D) Medicine

94. Which of the following can acts as both oxidant and redutant
A) H 2 N 2O2 B) HNO2 C) HNO3 D) HNO4
95. Concentrated nitric acid oxidises phosphorous and iodine, respectively to
A) H 3 PO3 , HI B) H 3 PO3 , HIO4 C) H 3 PO4 , HIO3 D) H 3 PO4 , HIO4
VIII. AMMONIA
96. Which one of the following gas is most soluble in water?

A) CO B) N2O C) NO D) NH3
97. Calcium cyanamide on treatment with steam under pressure gives ammonia and
A) Calcium carbonate B) Calcium hydroxide C) Calcium oxide D) Calcium bicarbonate
98. Which of the following reactions yield elementary gases like N 2 , H 2 , O2 as the
byproducts ?
I) CuO  NH 3  II) 2 NH 3  2 Na  Fe
300  4000 C

III)  NH4  2 Cr2O7 

 IV) 2Pb  NO3 2 


A) I and II only B) II , III and IV only C) I, II and III only D) all of these
99. A & B are two gases. ‘A’ is identified with the glass rod dipped in NH3 and ‘B’ is identified with the glass rod dipped
in HCl. Then A, B are
A) HCl, NO2 B) HCl, NH3 C) NH3, HCl D) NH3, SO2
100. Nesslers reagent is used to detect trace amounts of ammonia. Its formula is
A) KHgI4 B) K2HgI2 C) K2HgI4 D) KHgI3
101. Cyanamide process is used to prepare
A) Cyanide B) Isocyanide C) Ammonia D) Nitric acid
102. Which of the following is not correct ?
A) Ammonia is used as refrigerant
B)A mixture of Ca  CN  2 and C is known as nitrolim
C) A mixture of Ca  H 2 PO4 2 and CaSO4 .2 H 2O is known as superphosphate of lime
D) Hydrolysis of NCl3 gives NH 3 and HOCl

103. Atomicity ot dimeric phosphorous pentoxide is ‘x’ and the number of shared electron pair is ‘y’. Then
a) y-x=6, b)2x=y+8 c)10x-7y=0
A) only ‘a’ is correct B) only ‘b’ is correct C) only ‘c’ is correct D) all the above are correct
104. A mixture of potassium nitrite and ammonium chloride on heating liberates the gas
A) O2 B) N 2O C) NH 3 D) N2


1. Which of the following statements is not true
A) Nitrogen differs markedly from the other members of its family
B) Nitrogen has five valency electrons
C) Nitrogen show covalency greater than four
D) Nitrogen shows great stability as a free element
2. The correct statement is
A) High reactivity of white phosphorus is due to small bond angle (600) in P4 molecule which causes large strain
B) Low reactivity of red phosphorus is due to polymeric structure
C) Black phosphorus conducts electricity due to presence of delocalised  electrons
D) All the above
3. Which of the following statement is wrong?
A) The stability of hydride increases from NH 3 to BiH 3 in group 15 of the periodic table
B) nitrogen cannot form d   p bonds
C) single N  N bond is weaker than the single P  P bond
D) N 2O4 has two resosnance structures
II. DINITROGEN
4. Nitrogen can be purified from the impurities of oxides of nitrogen and ammonia by passing through
A) Conc. HCl B) Alkaline solution of pyrogallol
C) A solution of K 2Cr2O 7 acidified with H 2SO4 D) A solution of KOH
5. Animals die in pure nitrogen atmosphere because
A) It destroys haemoglobin
B) Nitrogen form stable complex with hemoglobin than oxygen
C) It is heavier than air
D) It is poisonous

6. PCl5  Cl   PCl6 . The wrong statement regarding the above equation is
A) Hybridisation of P changes from sp 3d to sp 3d 2 B) Oxidation number of P changes from +5 to +6
C) Covalency of P changes from 5 to 6 D) Here PCl5 is a Lewis acid

7. A metal X on heating in nitrogen gas gives Y. Y on treatment with H 2O gives a colourless gas which when passed
through CuSO4 solution gives a blue colour.Y is :
A) Mg  NO3  2 B) Mg3 N 2 C) NH 3 D) MgO

8. Extra pure nitrogen can be obtained by heating :
A) NH 3 with CuO B) NH 4 NO3 C)  NH 4 2 Cr2O7 D) Ba  N3  2

III. HYDRIDES
9. Sodium dissolved in Ammonia has Blue colour due to

A) Solvated Sodium B) Amide Ion
C) Solvated electron D) Lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen in NH3 molecule
10. In Nitrogen family the H-M-H angle in the hydrides MH 3 gradually becomes closer to 900 on going from N to Sb.
This shows that gradually
A) The basic strength of the hydrides increases
B) Due to the increase in the size of central atom M and increase in its electronegativity
C) The bond energies of M-H increase
D) The bond pairs of electrons become closer to each other.
11. Gas obtained by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and slaked lime is
A) NH3 B) N2 C) N2O D) NO2
12. Ammonia is not a product in the
A) Hydrolysis of nitrolim B) Hydrolysis of Aluminium nitride
C) Decomposition of Ammonium nitrite D) Hydrolysis of urea
13. Which fo the following statements is correct
A) All the hydrides of VA group elements are pyramidal in shape
B) The bond angle decreases from NH 3 to BiH 3 down the group because of bond pair-bond pair repulsion
C) The basic strength decreases from NH 3 to BiH 3 , because of decreases in the availability of lone pair of
electrons
D) All are correct
14. Some of the reasons of reaction of NH 3 with hydrogen chloride are given below. Pick up the incorrect are
A) The nitrogen atom of NH 3 gains electrons B) NH 3 can give a pair of electrons
C) A proton in HCl can accept an electron pair from NH 3 D) The C  ion has a stable configuration of 8 electrons.
15. Phosphine is not obtained by the reaction
A) White P is heated with NaOH B) Red P is heated with NaOH
C) Ca 3P2 is heated with water D) Phosphorus trioxide is boiled with water
16. The bottles of liquid ammonia are opened after cooling them in ice for sometime. It is because liquid ammonia
1. Has high vapour pressure at room temperature 2. Is corrosive liquid
3. is an explosive 4. Brings tears in eyes
17. The dipole moment of NF3 is less than NH 3 because
1. NH 3 forms associated molecules
2. F is more reactive than H
3. The resultant of bond polarity is less
4. The resultant of individual polarities is opposed by the polarity of lone pair
18. Ammonia will be obtained in
 
A) CaCN  H O 
2 2
B) NH H PO 
4 2 4
Heat
 C) NH NO 
4 2  D) Ca  CN 2  H 2O 
19. The compound  SiH 3 3 N is expected to be
A) pyramidal and more basic than  CH 3 3 N B) planar and less basic than  CH 3 3 N
C) pyramidal and less basic than  CH 3 3 N D) planar and more basic than  CH 3 3 N

IV. OXIDES
20. The number of P-O-P bonds present in P4O6 and P4O10 are respectively
A) 4 and 5 B) 4 and 6 C) 6 and 6 D) 3 and 6
21. One of the acids listed below is formed from P2O3 and the rest are formed from P2O5. The acid formed from P2O3 is
A) HPO3 B) H4P2O7 C) H3PO4 D) H3PO3
22. Group 15 of the periodic table consists of the elements N, P, As, Sb and Bi. On passing from N to Bi, the oxides of the
elements of general formula M 2O3 becomes.
A) Strong reducing agents B) More ionic C) More basic D) More volatile
23. The number of bonds in P4 O10 is
A) 6 B) 16 C) 20 D) 7
24. The nitrate which when heated gives off a gas (or) a mixture of gases which cannot relight a glowing splinter is
A) Sodium nitrate B) Ammonium nitrate C) Lead nitrate D) Potassium nitrate
25. In nitroprusside ion, the iron and ‘NO’ exist as Fe2 and NO  rather than Fe3 and NO. These forms can be
differentiated by
A) Estimating the concentration of iron B) Measuring the concentration of CN 
C) Measuring the solid state magnetic moment D) Thermally decomposing the compound
26. The correct order of bond angle of NO2 , NO2 and NO2 is
A) NO2  NO2  NO2 B) NO2  NO2  NO2 C) NO2  NO2  NO2 D) NO2  NO2  NO2
27. A tetra-atomic molecule  A on reaction with nitrogen  I  oxide, produces two substances  B  and  C  .  B 
is a dehydrating agent while substance  C  is a diatomic gas which shows almost inert behaviour. The substances
 A ,  B  and  C  are
A) P4 , P4O10 , N 2 B) P4 , N 2O5 , N 2 C) P4 P2O3 , Ar D) P4 , P2O3 , O2
28. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO2 , NO3 and NH 4 are:
A) sp, sp 3 and sp 2 respectively B) sp, sp 2 and sp 3 respectively

C) sp 2 , sp and sp 3 respectively D) sp 2 , sp 3 and sp respectively
V. HALIDES
29. Bottle of PCl3 is kept stoppered because it

A) explodes B) gets oxidized C) is volatalised D) reacts with moisture
30. What may be expected to happen when phosphine gas is mixed with chlorine gas?
A) PC 3 and HC are formed and the mixture warm up
B) PC 3 and HC are formed and the mixture cools down
C) PH 3 , C 2 is formed with warming up
D) The mixture only Cools down
31. Which of the following halides is most acidic?
A) PCl3 B) SbCl3 C) BiCl3 D) CCl4

32. In the compound of the type POX 3 , P atom show multiple bonding of the type
A) p  p B) d  d C) p  d  D) no multiple bonding
33. The BCl3 is a planar molecule whereas, NCl3 is pyramidal because

A) N  Cl bond is more covalent than B  Cl bond
B) B  Cl bond is more polar than N  Cl bond
C) nitrogen atom is smaller than boron
D) BCl3 has no lone pair but NCl3 has a lone pair of electron
34. The molecule having smallest bond angle is:
A) AsCl3 B) SbCl3 C) PCl3 D) NCl3
VI. OXYACIDS
35. The correct statement in respect of structure of hypo phosphorous acid is

A) 2-OH groups, 2-H atoms are attached directly to P
B) One OH group and 2-H atoms are directly attached to P
C) One OH group and 3 - H atoms are directly attached to P
D) Three OH groups are attached directly to P
36. In NO 3 ion, the number of bond pair and lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom are
1. 2,2 2. 3,1 3. 1,3 4. 4,0
A) N2O 1) Sp2 and planar triangle
B) HNO2 2) Nitrite and Nitro form
C) NO3-- 3) Sp3and Tetrahedron
D) HNO4 4) Laughing gas
5) Peroxy bond
A B C D A B C D
A) 1 2 3 4 B) 3 2 4 1
C) 2 5 3 4 D) 4 2 1 5
38. By the reduction of HNO3 to NO2 the number of moles of electrons involved per mole of HNO3 is
A) 8 B) 6 C) 3 D) 1
39. Sodium hexametaphosphate is known as
A) Calgon B) Permutit C) Natalite D) Nitrolim
40. Poly phosphates are used as water softening agents because they
A) Form soluble complexes with anionic species B) Precipitate anionic species
C) Form soluble complexes with cationic species D) Precipitate cationic species
41. In the reaction 4HNO3  P4 O10  4HPO3  X the product X is
A) N 2 O5 B) N 2 O3 C) NO 2 D) H 2 O
42. Which of the following is a cyclic oxoacid
A) H 4 P2O 7 B) H 4 P2 O 6 C) H 3 P3O 9 D) H5 P5O15
43. When rain is accompained by a thunderstorm, the collected rain water will have a PH value,
A) Slightly higher than that when the thunder storm
B) unifluenced by occurrence of thunder storm
C) which depends on the amount of dust in air
D) slightly lower than that of rain water without thunderstorm

44. The following are some statements about oxyacids of VAgroup elements
i) The salt of Nitric acid contains NO3- ion
ii) The salt of phosphoric acid contains PO43- ion
iii) Salts of meta phosphoric acid contains H2PO3- & HPO32- ions
A) i and ii are correct B) ii and iii are correct C) all are correct D) only ii is correct
45. Which of the following metals, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ag and Pt do not give metal nitrate on treatment with concentrated
HNO3 ?
A) Fe and Zn B) Fe and Pt C) Pb, Ag and Pt D) Fe, Ag and Pt
46. Among the following ions, p  d  overlap is present in
A) NO3 B) PO43 C) CO32  D) NO2

47. Phosphate  conc.HNO3   NH 4  2 MoO4
so ln .  Yellow precipitate .
The composition of yellow precipitate is
A)  NH 4 3 PO4 .MoO3 B)  NH 4 3 PO4 .12 MoO3 C)  NH 4 2 PO4 .12MoO3 D) NH 4 PO4 .MoO3
48. Concentrated nitric acid reacts with iodine to give
A) HI B) HOI C) HOIO2 D) HOIO3
49. Three reactions involving H 2 PO4 are given below
 
(i) H 3 PO4  H 2O  H 3O  H 2 PO4
(ii) H 2 PO4    H 2O  H 3O     HPO42
(iii) H 2 PO4  OH    O 2  H 3 PO4
In which of the following does H 2 PO4 act as an acid

A) (i) only B) (ii) only C) (iii) only D) (i) and (ii) only
50. Which one of the following pairs is obtained on heating ammonium dichromate?
A) N 2 and H 2O B) N 2O and H 2O C) NO2 and H 2O D) NO and NO2
51. The reaction of white phosphours with aqueous NaOH gives phosphine and another phosphorus containing
compound. The reaction type, the oxidation states of phosphorus in phosphine and other products are respectively:
A) redox reaction, 3 and  5 B) redox reaction, 3 and  5
C) disproportionation reaction 3 and  1 D) disproportionation reaction 3 and  3

ANSWER KEY
EXCERCISE#1
01) B 02) D 03) A 04) A 05) B 06) D 07) D 08) C 09) D 10) C 11) B
12) A 13) D 14) B 15) D 16) B 17) A 18) A 19) D 20) A 21) A 22) A
23) D 24) B 25) D 26) B 27) B 28) B 29) B 30) B 31) B 32) A 33) C
34) D 35) B 36) A 37) C 38) D 39) B 40) B 41) B 42) D 43) D 44) B
45) A 46) A 47) A 48) B 49) A 50) B 51) C 52) C 53) D 54) C 55) D
56) D 57) B 58) A 59) A 60) C 61) A 62) D 63) C 64) B 65) A 66) C
67) D 68) B 69) A 70) A 71) C 72) D 73) D 74) B 75) A 76) B 77) B
78) D 79) B 80) B 81) A 82) D 83) B 84) D 85) C 86) C 87) C 88) B
89) A 90) D 91) C 92) D 93) C 94) B 95) B 96) B 97) C 98) B 99) A
100) B 101) B 102) A 103) C 104) A 105) A 106) C 107) B 108)B 109)B 110) A
111) D 112) A 113) D 114) A 115) A 116) B 117) B 118) B 119) C
EXCERCISE#2
01) A 02) A 03) D 04) D 05) A 06) B 07) B 08) A 09) B 10) D 11) D
12) D 13) C 14) C 15) B 16) B 17) B 18) D 19) B 20) C 21) B 22) B
23) D 24) C 25) A 26) A 27) D 28) A 29)C 30) C 31) D 32) C 33) C
34) B 35) C 36) A 37) A 38) B 39) D 40) C 41) D 42) A 43) A 44) B
45) C 46) C 47) B 48) B 49) C 50) D 51) D 52) B 53) C 54) D 55) A
56) B 57) A 58) D 59) A 60) C 61) D 62) B 63) C 64) B 65) A 66) B
67) D 68) D 69) B 70) B 71) D 72) B 73) C 74) B 75) C 76) D 77) A
78) A 79) D 80) B 81) A 82) C 83) A 84) B 85) B 86) D 87) B 88) D
89) A 90) B 91) B 92) D 93) A 94) B 95) C 96) D 97) A 98) D 99) B
100) C 101) C 102) B 103) D 104) D
EXCERCISE#3
01) C 02) D 03) A 04) C 05) B 06) B 07) B 08) D 09) C 10) D 11) A
12) C 13) D 14) A 15) B 16) A 17) D 18) A 19) B 20) C 21) D 22) C
23) B 24) B 25) C 26) C 27) A 28) B 29) D 30) A 31) A 32) C 33) D
34) B 35) B 36) D 37) D 38) D 39) A 40) C 41) A 42) C 43) D 44) A
45) B 46) B 47) B 48) C 49) B 50) A 51) C


15th GROUP ELEMENTS

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NITROGEN FAMILY (15TH GROUP)

NITROGEN FAMILY (15TH GROUP)

(e) 2NO + 2Cu 

(f) Cl2 passed into liquor NH3

3Cl2 + 2NH3  N2 + 6HCl

6NH3 + 6HCl  6NH4Cl

(a) It is inert due to high bond energy.

(b) It is absorbed by hot metal like Ca, Mg, Al etc.

3Ca + N2  Ca3N2

2Al + N2  2AIN

Inorganic graphite (BN)x : White slippery solid having 2D-sheet structure.

(BN)x 3000°C (BN)x

Na2B4O7 + 2NH4Cl  2NaCl + 2NH3 + 2B2O3 + H2O

EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE 1

(b) Metal nitride hydrolysis : N3– + 3H2O  NH3+3OH–

 catalyst Fe/Mo

2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

H2O + NH3 + P2O5 (NH4)3PO4

CaCl2 + 8NH3  CaCl2.8 NH3 (forms adduct)

Quick lime is used for this purpose

CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 (base) 

2 EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE

K+(NH3)n e (NH3)x It is the cause

(b) Ag(NO3) (aq) + BaCl2 (aq)  AgCl  + Ba(NO3)2

Basisity order NH3 > H2O

(d) Hydrolysis and Ammonolysis occurs is a same way.

EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE 3

Formula Name Preparation & Structure Properties

Nitrogen dioxide Pb(NO3 )2  2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 Brown gas, reactive,

4. NITROUS ACID (HNO2)

(b) N2O3 + H2O  2HNO2

2KI + 2HNO2 + 2HCl  2KCl + 2H2O + 2NO + I2

SnCl2 + 2HNO2 + 2HCl  SnCl4 + 2NO + 2H2O

4 EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE

H2S + 2HNO2  2H2O + S  + 2NO

2FeSO4 + 2HNO2 + H2SO4  Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 2H2O

Na3AsO3 + 2HNO2  Na3AsO4 + 2NO + H2O

5. NITRIC ACID (HNO3)

Step 2 NO + O2  NO2

EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE 5

conc. and hot

(ii) Carbon is oxidised to carbonic acid

C + 4HNO3  H2CO3 + 4NO2 + 2H2O

(iii) Phosphorus is oxidised to orthophosphoric acid.

conc. and hot

(iv) Iodine is oxidised to iodic acid

I2 + 10HNO3 conc. and hot  2HIO3 + 10NO2 + 4H2O

6 EXCELLENCIA JUNIOR COLLEGE

(iii) Ferrous sulphate is oxidised to ferric sulphate in presence of H2SO4

6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3  3Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + 4H2O

(iv) Iodine is liberated from KI.

6KI + 8 HNO3  6KNO3 + 2NO + 3I2 + 4H2O

(v) HBr, HI are oxidised to Br2 and I2, respectively.

2HBr + 2HNO3  Br2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O Similarly

2HI + 2HNO3  I2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

(vi) Ferrous sulphide is oxidised to ferric sulphate

FeS + 8HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 8NO2 + 4H2O

(vii) Stannous chloride is oxidised to stannic chloride in presence of HCl

2HNO3 + 14H NH2OH + NH3 + 5H2O