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    1.5 The Nazi Germany

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    1.5 The Nazi Germany

    Uploaded by

    camiya4769
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    1.5 the Nazi Germany

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    14 views2 pages

    1.5 The Nazi Germany

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.

    5 THE NAZI GERMANY

    • 1929 Great Depression-→ economy collapsed; 6 M people were unemployed,


    extremist parties strengthened

    • Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)


    swastika was the symbol ; set up a private army the Brownshirts (SA)-
    Strom Troopers ( leader: Ernst Röhm) „ rohamosztagosok”
    • 8th Nov 1923 organised a coup in Munich – it was put down→ Hitler was
    imprisoned, drafted his political programme

    Mein Kampf :
    • revision of Versailles treaty – regain all the lands
    • Lebensraum = living space for Germans; wanted to reach it in 3 steps:
    uniting all territories in Europe where Germans lived
    create a large German state of all Europe
    Third Empire- Germans control the whole world
    • racial theory: Germans are the master race superior to others = the
    Aryan race – destined to rule the world
    put other nation into categories: relatives of Germans (e.g. Normans,
    French) ; inferior or slave races ( e.g. Slaves, black people, Asians) –
    should be subdued; Jews, gypsies, cripples, mentally ills- should be
    eliminated

    • supporters of Nazis: middle class; industrialists and big landowners (


    believed that could control Hitler, were afraid of socialism) , workers
    • by 1932 Nazis became the largest party –> won elections in 30th Jan
    1933→Hitler was named the new chancellor
    • 27th Febr fire of Reichstag -Nazis blamed the communists and excluded
    them form the election
    • March 1933 Enabling act was put through; Hitler gained total power →
    totalitarian state, governed without the Reichstag;
    all parties and trade unions were banned, their leader were under
    personal custody

    • governed with terror: Gestapo- secret police


    • SS Schutzstaffel - leader Himler ; Hitler’s guards
    • when SA leaders wanted social changes Hitler carried out political purges
    =1934 “Night of the Long Knives” – SA was demolished by SS
    • 2nd Aug 1934 Hindenburg died→ Hitler became Führer= chancellor and
    president at the same time

    Totalitarian dictatorship:
    • Nazis controlled all the fields of life: newspapers; radio, free time, art
    • used propaganda a Joseph Goebbels, burnt books ;mass rallies were held,
    children were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology by youth organisation ‘Hitler
    Jugend’
    • economy: under government control, militarisation; ‘ Canon instead of
    butter’ ,Neu Plan- leader Göring ; command economy- 4 years plans,
    strikes were banned, workers had to join the National Labour Front
    public works e.g. A2 highway;
    made the marka stable; profit export was banned
    concentration of companies; wage and price control
    production grew by 107 % in ten years
    German capital was regarded positive “ creative capital’ ; other capitals
    were called speculative → confiscated by the state

    Persecution of Jews:
    • Jews were mad scapegoats for all troubles Even for war defeat and
    depression→ anti-Semitism
    • boycott against their shops, Jewish officers were sent to pension
    • 1935 Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews from German citizenship – no right
    to vote ( couldn’t use public transport, go to university ; marriage with Germans was banned, Jew=
    have 3 Jewish grandparent ; or belongs to Jewish religion or married to a Jewish; mixed= have 2 Jewish
    )
    grandparents
    • 1938 ‘Kristallnacht’ a violent attack against Jewish community ( 30,000 Jews
    were sent to concentration camps)
    • from 1941 had to wear a yellow Star of David as identification and
    couldn’t leave the country
    • 1942 ‘ final solution’ – concentration/extermination camps- systematic
    mass murder

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