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    CH 6 Part 2

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    The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

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    CH 6 Part 2

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    The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

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    ch6part2

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    The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views12 pages

    CH 6 Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Random Swag
    The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    An Introduction to

    Programming though C++


    Krishna. S
    Ch. 6: Conditional Execution
    So far
    Seen 3 forms of if

    • simple if

    • if-else

    • if-else-if

    • Compound and simple conditions


    The switch statement
    • Sometimes, different groups of statements must be executed, depending
    upon the value of a certain expression. The switch statements is useful
    in such contexts.
    • General form:
    switch (expression){
    case constant_1:
    group(1) of statements usually ending with
    ``break;''
    case constant_2:
    group(2) of statements usually ending with
    ``break;''
    ...
    default:
    default-group of statements
    }
    • The expression is evaluated. The resulting value is compared with
    constant_1, constant_2,…. If some constant_i is found equal,
    then all statements starting with group(i) statements are executed till
    the end of the switch statement. If a break statement is found, then
    execution stops. If no constant_i is found equal to expression,
    then the default-group of statements is executed.
    • The expression and constants must be integers.
    Turtle controller using switch
    main_program{
    char command;
    turtleSim();

    repeat(100){
    cin >> command;
    switch(command){
    case 'f': forward(100);
    break;
    case 'r': right(90);
    break;
    case 'l': left(90);
    break;
    default: cout << "Not a proper command, " << command
    << endl;
    }
    }
    }
    Remarks
    • Statement is error-prone, because you
    may forget to write break.
    • Falls-through in the absence of break.
    repeat(100){
    cin >> command;
    switch(command){
    case 'f': forward(100);
    case 'r': right(90);
    break;
    case 'l': left(90);
    default: cout << "Not a proper command, " <<
    command << endl;
    Logical Data
    • We have seen that we can “evaluate” conditions,
    combine conditions.
    • Why not allow storing the results (true or false) of
    such computations?
    • Indeed, C++ has data type bool into which values
    of conditions can be stored.
    • bool is named after George Boole, who formalized
    the manipulation of conditions/logical data.
    • An int variable can have 2^32 values, a bool
    variable can have only two values (true/false)
    The data type bool
    bool highincome, lowincome;
    • Defines variables highincome and lowincome
    of type bool.
    highincome = (income > 800000);
    bool fun = true;
    • Will set highincome to true if the variable income
    contains value larger than 800000.
    • true and false : boolean constants.
    • boolean variables which have a value can be used
    wherever “conditions” are expected, e.g.
    if(highincome) tax = …
    An Example
    main_program {
    int x; cin >> x; // read x 4534534536
    int i = 2; //first factor to check;
    bool factorFound = false; // no factor found yet;
    repeat (x-2) {
    factorFound = factorFound || ((x % i) == 0 );
    // Remainder is 0 when x is divisible by i
    i++;
    }
    if (factorFound) cout << x << " is not prime"
    << endl;
    }
    Conditional Expressions, Pitfalls
    • condition?consequent : alternate
    • int a; a=(b>10)?[(c=7)?2:3]:5
    • if(d=5) versus if (d==5)
    • If (0<b<2.5) versus If (0<b && b< 2.5)
    Try these
    • What is printed by this code snippet:
    int x=3,y=1;
    {
    int x=4;
    {
    x = x+2;
    }
    y=x;
    }
    cout << (x+y);
    }
    Try these
    • What does this code print?
    int i=0,s=0;
    repeat(3)
    {
    if (i%2==0)
    s += i;
    else s += 2*i;
    i++;
    }
    cout << s;
    Try these
    What does this program print?
    unsigned int x,c=0;
    cin>>x;
    repeat (32)
    {
    if (x%2==1)
    c++;
    x = x/2;
    }
    cout << c;

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