1

Reportable
2023INSC812

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.2006 OF 2023

N. RAMKUMAR ....APPELLANT

versus

THE STATE REP. BY

INSPECTOR OF POLICE
....RESPONDENT

JUDGMENT

ARAVIND KUMAR, J.

1. Heard.

2. This appeal is at the instance of a Convict-

Accused and is directed against the judgement and

Signature Not Verified

order passed by the Madurai bench of Madras High

Digitally signed by
Jayant Kumar Arora
Date: 2023.09.06
16:43:12 IST
Reason:

Court dated 28.10.2015 in Criminal Appeal (MD)

No.334 of 2013 whereunder the High Court dismissed

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the appeal filed by the appellant herein thereby

affirming the judgement and order of conviction and

sentence passed by the First Additional District Judge

(NCR) Tiruchirappalli in Case No.226 of 2010.

3. The facts in brief, shorn of unnecessary details

leading to the filing of this appeal are as under:

4. The case of the prosecution was that the

deceased Sangeetha was in love with the appellant

and she was unhappy with the conduct of the

appellant and her mother had also warned them in

this regard. It is further case of prosecution that

deceased stopped seeing the appellant and broke her

relationship with the appellant and deceased was

talking to her neighbour one Mr. Sudhakar and being

agitated with the said turn of events, appellant is said

to have trespassed into the house of the deceased on

19.06.2010 at about 10.30 p.m. and questioned her

conduct of talking to another person. It is stated by

the prosecution that appellant in a fit of rage, held the

 3

deceased by her ears and dashed her head against

the wall and fled away from the spot. PW-1 and PW-2

had admitted the deceased to the hospital and after

three days the complaint was lodged resulting in

Charge
registration of FIR No.1659 of 2010 for the offence
according
to FIR punishable under Sections 294(b), 448, 323 and

506(1) of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred

to as “IPC”) and Section 4 of the Tamil Nadu

Prohibition of Harassment of Women Act against the

appellant.

5. It is stated by the prosecution that on 28.06.2010

deceased who was under treatment started vomiting

blood and struggled to breathe and expired on

29.06.2010 at 3.30 a.m. On her demise the

Investigating Officer (PW-12) altered the charge to one

302 IPC under Sections 294(b), 448, 323, 506(1) IPC, and 302
added
IPC and Section 4 of the Tamil Nadu Prohibition of

Harassment of Woman Act.

 4

6. The appellant – accused came to be tried for the

said offence and on the basis of the testimony of the

mother of the deceased (PW-1) and also taking into

consideration the deposition of neighbour (PW-2) who

claimed to have seen the accused fleeing away from

the scene of offence by taking into consideration the

attendant circumstance, learned First Additional

District Judge convicted the accused for the offence

punishable under Sections 450 & 302 IPC. The

accused was sentenced to undergo rigorous

District imprisonment for five years and to pay a fine of

Court
Judgement
Rs.50,000/- and in default to undergo simple

imprisonment for six months for the offence under

Section 450 and sentenced him and to undergo

imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.60,000/-

and in default to undergo simple imprisonment for six

months for the offence under Section 302 IPC. The

sentences were ordered to run concurrently.

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7. The legality of the said judgment was questioned

before the High Court of Madras in Criminal Appeal

(MD) No.334 of 2013 and on re-appreciation of the

entire evidence, the High Court affirmed the judgment

of the Sessions Court by arriving at a conclusion that

it was the appellant who had caused the injury to the

deceased resulting in her death and the act of

accused in trespassing to the house of the deceased

was for committing the murder, had been clearly

established. It was also opined by the High Court that

deceased had given up her love for the accused and

she had developed relationship with one Mr. Sudhakar

Opinion
of
High which enraged the accused to wreak vengeance and
Court
for this reason he had gone all the way to the house

of the deceased with a determination to eliminate her

and as such it would fall within the first limb of

Section 300 IPC and thus, he was liable to be

punished under Section 302 IPC. Hence, this appeal.

 6

8. We have heard the arguments of learned

Advocates. It is the contention of Shri M. A.

Chinnasamy, learned counsel appearing for the

appellant, that there has been delay in filing the

complaint and on this ground alone the theory of the

prosecution cannot be considered as trustworthy. He

would also contend that conviction of the accused is

based on the sole testimony of PW-1 and the

contradictions in her testimony is manifestly clear and

is not trustworthy and cannot be relied on to convict

the appellant. The very fact that PW-1 was against the

love affair of her daughter with the accused having

been admitted by her would disclose the inimical

attitude against the accused. With regard to there

being blood in the floor of the kitchen is belied by the

statement of PW-12 (investigating officer) and so also

the statement of PW-5 who have not whispered a

word in that regard. He would also draw the attention

of the Court that theory of the prosecution as put

forth in the complaint lodged by PW-1 is that the

 7

accused had punched her daughter on the face and

she fell on the kitchen slab. However, in her evidence

she has deposed that accused held the ears of the

victim and dashed her against the wall. Though, PW-1

claimed that deceased was taken in an auto rickshaw,

non-examination of the driver of auto rickshaw would

create a doubt in the prosecution theory. Neither the

clothes of the accused nor of the victim was sent for

chemical analysis. He would also contend that in the

event this Court were to affirm the findings of the

courts below, he would pray for sentence being

converted to the one under second part of Section

304 of the IPC in as much as the accused had no

knowledge that his act is likely to cause death, as

such it would be culpable homicide not amounting to

murder.

9. Per contra, learned counsel appearing for the

respondent would support the impugned order and

has prayed for affirming the same. He would also

 8

contend that the evidence tendered by the

prosecution has not been impeached and the

prosecution witnesses have stood the test of cross-

examination and as such the impugned order

deserves to be affirmed. He would further contend

that the accused having been in love with the

deceased was unable to digest the fact that she had

developed intimacy with her neighbour Sudhakar and

being dejected the accused had taken the extreme

step of eliminating the deceased and the reasons

assigned by the High Court while affirming the

judgment and sentence awarded by the Sessions

Court would not be required to be interfered with.

Hence, he has prayed for rejection of the appeal.

10. At the outset, it requires to be noticed that

while issuing notice of this appeal on 21.11.2016, it

was restricted for the purpose of conversion of the

offence. Hence, within this limited sphere this appeal

has to be examined, namely, as to whether

 9

judgement, order and sentence passed by the

Sessions Court and affirmed by the High Court

requires to be affirmed or the sentence is to be

converted and punishment to be awarded under

Section 304 of IPC and if so, which part of Section 304

IPC?

11. In the aforesaid background, it would be necessary

to discern the evidence available on record. The final

opinion given by the doctor for the cause of death as

evident from exhibit P-9 reads as under:

“The deceased would appear to have died

of “head injury”. (viscera report enclosed-
alcohol in other format was not detected”).

12. The doctor (PW-11) who conducted the post-

mortem of the deceased has deposed that he is the

author of the report Ex. P-9. He has also deposed that

injuries found therein can be inflicted when a person

slips and falls on the kitchen slab. He has admitted

that two injuries which he had identified had been

inflicted a week before, and were in the process of

 10

healing. PW-10 who is the doctor at Cauvery Hospital,

Trichy and had examined the deceased, has deposed

that deceased was conscious when he examined her

on 26.06.2010. He has also deposed that deceased

was in a good speaking condition. In the teeth of

aforesaid medical evidence available on record, the

testimony of eye-witness, namely, mother of the

deceased-PW-1 requires to be examined. A perusal of

the same would indicate she has deposed that on

19.06.2010 at 10:30 pm when she and her deceased

daughter were at home, accused had visited their

house and questioned her daughter as to why she was

talking to the neighbour Sudhakar and not talking to

him. She further deposes that after saying so, he

punched on her daughter’s face and held both her

ears and dashed her hard against the kitchen wall and

immediately her daughter fell down and her head was

broken and right ear was cut. It is thereafter she is

said to have shifted her daughter to Geetanjali

hospital and next day to KMC Hospital. The testimony

 11

of the uncle of the deceased – PW-2 which is on record

would disclose that he was returning from work at

10:45 pm on 19.06.2010 and he saw the accused

coming out of his mother in law’s house and heard her

cry and as such he rushed to her house and saw the

deceased lying in a fainted condition. On enquiry, PW-

1 is said to have informed him (PW2) about the attack

made by the accused.

13. Having given our anxious consideration as

regards the genesis of the incident and the role

attributed to the appellant herein and testimony of

the doctors who treated her and also who performed

the post-mortem of the deceased, discloses that

doctor has noted two injuries on the deceased: (i) cut

injury in the left ear measuring 3 centimetres and; (ii)

Two wounds in left head roughly measuring 7

centimetres and near to that another small injury.

The injuries, as noted in Post-Mortem Report Ex.P-9

are as under:
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“(i) Sutured wounds: - On the lobule of

right ear 2 cm in length. On removal of the
sutures, edges are irregular, 0.5 cm in
breadth and muscle deep, on the left tem-
poral region of the scalp, 7 cm in length. On
removal of the sutures, edges are irregular,
2 cm in breadth and bone deep, on the left
parietal region of the scalp, 2 cm in length.
On removal of the sutures, edges are ir-
regular, 1 cm in breadth and bone deep.
(ii) Resolving bruising of left temporal, left
parietal and left side of occipital regions of
scalp. Sub-dural haemorrhage and Sub
arachnoid haemorrhage on both cerebral
and cerebellar hemispheres. Fracture base
of skull-left middle cranial fossa present.”

14. The cause of death assigned in the post-mortem

report as already noticed is “died of head injury”. It is

a trite law that “culpable homicide” is a genus and

“murder” is its species and all “murders” are

“culpable homicides, but all “culpable homicides” are

not “murders” as held by this court in Rampal Singh

Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh (2012) 8 SCC 289. The

intention of the accused must be judged not in the

light of actual circumstances, but in the light of what

is supposed to be the circumstances.

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15. In the case of Basdev Vs. State of Pepsu AIR

1956 SC 488 at page 490 the following observations

have been made:

“Of course, we have to distinguish between

motive, intention and knowledge. Motive is
something which prompts a man to form an
intention and knowledge is an awareness of
the consequences of the act. In many cases
intention and knowledge merge into each
other and mean the same thing more or
less and intention can be presumed from
knowledge. The demarcating line between
knowledge and intention is no doubt thin
but it is not difficult to perceive that they
connote different things. Even in some
English decisions, the three ideas are used
interchangeably and this has led to a
certain amount of confusion.”

16. It requires to be borne in mind that the test

suggested in the aforesaid decision and the fact that

the legislature has used two different terminologies,

‘intent’ and ‘knowledge’ and separate punishments

are provided for an act committed with an intent to

cause bodily injury which is likely to cause death and

for an act committed with a knowledge that his act is

likely to cause death without intent to cause such

bodily injury as is likely to cause death, it would be

 14

unsafe to treat ‘intent’ and ‘knowledge’ in equal

terms. They are not different things. Knowledge would

be one of the circumstances to be taken into

consideration while determining or inferring the

requisite intent. Where the evidence would not

disclose that there was any intention to cause death

of the deceased but it was clear that the accused had

knowledge that his acts were likely to cause death,

the accused can be held guilty under second part of

Section 304 IPC. It is in this background that the

expression used in Indian Penal Code namely

“intention” and “knowledge” has to be seen as there

being a thin line of distinction between these two

expressions. The act to constitute murder, if in given

facts and circumstances, would disclose that the

ingredients of Section 300 are not satisfied and such

act is one of extreme recklessness, it would not

attract the said Section. In order to bring a case within

Part 3 of Section 300 IPC, it must be proved that there

was an intention to inflict that particular bodily injury

 15

which in the ordinary course of nature was sufficient

to cause death. In other words, that the injury found

to be present was the injury that was intended to be

inflicted. This Court in the case of Pulicherla

Nagaraju @ Nagaraja Reddy vs State of Andhra

Pradesh, AIR 2006 SC 3010 has observed:

“Therefore, the court should proceed to

decide the pivotal question of intention,
with care and caution, as that will decide
whether the case falls under Section 302 or
304 Part I or 304 Part II. Many petty or
insignificant matters — plucking of a fruit,
straying of cattle, quarrel of children,
utterance of a rude word or even an
objectionable glance, may lead to
altercations and group clashes culminating
in deaths. Usual motives like revenge,
greed, jealousy or suspicion may be totally
absent in such cases. There may be no
intention. There may be no premeditation.
In fact, there may not even be criminality.
At the other end of the spectrum, there
may be cases of murder where the accused
attempts to avoid the penalty for murder by
attempting to put forth a case that there
was no intention to cause death. It is for the
courts to ensure that the cases of murder
punishable under Section 302, are not
converted into offences punishable under
Section 304 Part I/II, or cases of culpable
homicide not amounting to murder, are
treated as murder punishable under Section
302. The intention to cause death can be
 16

gathered generally from a combination of a

few or several of the following, among
other, circumstances: (i) nature of the
weapon used; (ii) whether the weapon was
carried by the accused or was picked up
from the spot; (iii) whether the blow is
aimed at a vital part of the body; (iv) the
amount of force employed in causing injury;
(v) whether the act was in the course of
sudden quarrel or sudden fight or free for
all fight; (vi) whether the incident occurs by
chance or whether there was any
premeditation; (vii) whether there was any
prior enmity or whether the deceased was a
stranger; (viii) whether there was any grave
and sudden provocation, and if so, the
cause for such provocation; (ix) whether it
was in the heat of passion; (x) whether the
person inflicting the injury has taken undue
advantage or has acted in a cruel and
unusual manner; (xi) whether the accused
dealt a single blow or several blows. The
above list of circumstances is, of course,
not exhaustive and there may be several
other special circumstances with reference
to individual cases which may throw light
on the question of intention. Be that as it
may.

17. This Court in the case of Pratap Singh @ Pikki

v. State of Uttarakhand (2019) 7 SCC 424 had

noticed that the deceased-victim had suffered total 11

injuries and had been convicted for offences under

Section 304 Part-II/Section 34 IPC apart from other

 17

offences. It was noticed that some altercation took

place and the groups entered into scuffle without any

premeditation and convicted accused for the offence

punishable under Section 304 Part-II/Section 34 IPC.

Taking into consideration that the appellants therein

were young boys and had served sentence of more

than three years and five months and there was no

previous enmity, persuaded this Court that the

quantum of sentence is excessive and accordingly

sentenced them to the period already undergone for

the offence under Section 304 Part-II/ Section 34 IPC

by observing thus:

“27. We do find substance in what being

submitted by the learned counsel for the
appellant and in the first place, it is to be
noted that the trial Court, while awarding
sentence to the appellant has not made any
analysis of the relevant facts as can be
discerned from the judgment (page 96−97
of the paper book) dated 12th January,
1998. Even the High Court has not
considered the issue of quantum of
sentence. From the factual position which
emerge from the record, it is to be noticed
that they were young boys having no
previous enmity and were collectively
sitting and watching Jagjit Singh night. On
some comments made to the girls sitting in
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front of the deceased, some altercation

took place and they entered into a scuffle
and without any pre−meditation, the
alleged unfortunate incident took place
between two group of young boys and it is
informed to this Court that the appellant
has served the sentence of more than three
years and five months. Taking into
consideration in totality that the incident is
of June 1995 and no other criminal
antecedents has been brought to our
notice, and taking overall view of the
matter, we find force in the submission of
the appellant that the quantum of sentence
is excessive and deserves to be interfered
by this Court.”

18. In the case of Deepak v. State of Uttar

Pradesh reported in (2018) 8 SCC 228 it came to be

noticed by this Court that incident had taken place in

the heat of the moment and the assault was by a

single sword blow in the rib cage was without any

premeditation and incident had occurred at the spur

of the moment, and thus inferred there was no

intention to kill and as such the offence was

converted from Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part II

IPC and the appellant was ordered to be released

forthwith by sentencing them to the period of

conviction already undergone. It was held:

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“7. On consideration of the entirety of

the evidence, it can safely be concluded
that the occurrence took place in the heat
of the moment and the assault was made
without premeditation on the spur of time.
The fact that the appellant may have
rushed to his house across the road and re-
turned with a sword, is not sufficient to in-
fer an intention to kill, both because of the
genesis of the occurrence and the single as-
sault by the appellant, coupled with the du-
ration of the entire episode for 1½ to 2 min-
utes. Had there been any intention to do
away with the life of the deceased, nothing
prevented the appellant from making a
second assault to ensure his death, rather
than to have run away. The intention ap-
pears more to have been to teach a lesson
by the venting of ire by an irked neighbour,
due to loud playing of the tape recorder.
But in the nature of weapon used, the as-
sault made in the rib-cage area, knowledge
that death was likely to ensue will have
to be attributed to the appellant.

8. In the entirety of the evidence, the facts

and circumstances of the case, we are
unable to sustain the conviction of the ap-
pellant under Section 302 IPC and are satis-
fied that it deserves to be altered to Sec-
tion 304 Part II IPC. It is ordered accord-
ingly. Considering the period of custody un-
dergone after his conviction, we alter the
sentence to the period of custody already
undergone. The appellant may be released
forthwith if not required in any other case.

9. The appeal is therefore allowed in part

with the aforesaid modification of the con-
viction and sentence.”
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19. This Court in a recent judgement in the case of

Anbazhagan vs. The State represented by the

Inspector of Police in Criminal Appeal No.2043 of

2023 disposed of on 20.07.2023 has defined the

context of the true test to be adopted to find out the

intention or knowledge of the accused in doing the act

as under:

“60. Few important principles of law

discernible from the aforesaid discussion
may be summed up thus:

(1) When the court is confronted with the

question, what offence the accused could
be said to have committed, the true test is
to find out the intention or knowledge of the
accused in doing the act. If the intention or
knowledge was such as is described in
Clauses (1) to (4) of Section 300 of the IPC,
the act will be murder even though only a
single injury was caused. To illustrate: ‘A’ is
bound hand and foot. ‘B’ comes and placing
his revolver against the head of ‘A’, shoots
‘A’ in his head killing him instantaneously.
Here, there will be no difficulty in holding
that the intention of ‘B’ in shooting ‘A’ was
to kill him, though only single injury was
caused. The case would, therefore, be of
murder falling within Clause (1) of Section
300 of the IPC. Taking another instance, ‘B’
sneaks into the bed room of his enemy ‘A’
while the latter is asleep on his bed. Taking
aim at the left chest of ‘A’, ‘B’ forcibly
plunges a sword in the left chest of ‘A’ and
runs away. ‘A’ dies shortly thereafter. The
injury to ‘A’ was found to be sufficient in
 21

ordinary course of nature to cause death.

There may be no difficulty in holding that
‘B’ intentionally inflicted the particular
injury found to be caused and that the said
injury was objectively sufficient in the
ordinary course of nature to cause death.
This would bring the act of ‘B’ within Clause
(3) of Section 300 of the IPC and render him
guilty of the offence of murder although
only single injury was caused.

(2) Even when the intention or knowledge

of the accused may fall within Clauses (1)
to (4) of Section 300 of the IPC, the act of
the accused which would otherwise be
murder, will be taken out of the purview of
murder, if the accused's case attracts any
one of the five exceptions enumerated in
that section. In the event of the case falling
within any of those exceptions, the offence
would be culpable homicide not amounting
to murder, falling within Part 1 of Section
304 of the IPC, if the case of the accused is
such as to fall within Clauses (1) to (3) of
Section 300 of the IPC. It would be offence
under Part II of Section 304 if the case is
such as to fall within Clause (4) of Section
300 of the IPC. Again, the intention or
knowledge of the accused may be such that
only 2nd or 3rd part of Section 299 of the
IPC, may be attracted but not any of the
clauses of Section 300 of the IPC. In that
situation also, the offence would be
culpable homicide not amounting to murder
under Section 304 of the IPC. It would be an
offence under Part I of that section, if the
case fall within 2nd part of Section 299,
while it would be an offence under Part II of
Section 304 if the case fall within 3rd part
of Section 299 of the IPC.

(3) To put it in other words, if the act of an

accused person falls within the first two
clauses of cases of culpable homicide as
described in Section 299 of the IPC it is
 22

punishable under the first part of Section

304. If, however, it falls within the third
clause, it is punishable under the second
part of Section 304. In effect, therefore, the
first part of this section would apply when
there is ‘guilty intention,’ whereas the
second part would apply when there is no
such intention, but there is ‘guilty
knowledge’.

(4) Even if single injury is inflicted, if that

particular injury was intended, and
objectively that injury was sufficient in the
ordinary course of nature to cause death,
the requirements of Clause 3rdly to Section
300 of the IPC, are fulfilled and the offence
would be murder.

(5) Section 304 of the IPC will apply to the

following classes of cases : (i) when the
case falls under one or the other of the
clauses of Section 300, but it is covered by
one of the exceptions to that Section, (ii)
when the injury caused is not of the higher
degree of likelihood which is covered by the
expression ‘sufficient in the ordinary course
of nature to cause death’ but is of a lower
degree of likelihood which is generally
spoken of as an injury ‘likely to cause
death’ and the case does not fall under
Clause (2) of Section 300 of the IPC, (iii)
when the act is done with the knowledge
that death is likely to ensue but without
intention to cause death or an injury likely
to cause death.

To put it more succinctly, the difference

between the two parts of Section 304 of the
IPC is that under the first part, the crime of
murder is first established and the accused
is then given the benefit of one of the
exceptions to Section 300 of the IPC, while
under the second part, the crime of murder
is never established at all. Therefore, for
the purpose of holding an accused guilty of
 23

the offence punishable under the second

part of Section 304 of the IPC, the accused
need not bring his case within one of the
exceptions to Section 300 of the IPC.

(6) The word ‘likely’ means probably and it

is distinguished from more ‘possibly’. When
chances of happening are even or greater
than its not happening, we may say that
the thing will ‘probably happen’. In reaching
the conclusion, the court has to place itself
in the situation of the accused and then
judge whether the accused had the
knowledge that by the act he was likely to
cause death.

(7) The distinction between culpable

homicide (Section 299 of the IPC) and
murder (Section 300 of the IPC) has always
to be carefully borne in mind while dealing
with a charge under Section 302 of the IPC.
Under the category of unlawful homicides,
both, the cases of culpable homicide
amounting to murder and those not
amounting to murder would fall. Culpable
homicide is not murder when the case is
brought within the five exceptions to
Section 300 of the IPC. But, even though
none of the said five exceptions are pleaded
or prima facie established on the evidence
on record, the prosecution must still be
required under the law to bring the case
under any of the four clauses of Section 300
of the IPC to sustain the charge of murder. If
the prosecution fails to discharge this onus
in establishing any one of the four clauses
of Section 300 of the IPC, namely, 1stly to
4thly, the charge of murder would not be
made out and the case may be one of
culpable homicide not amounting to murder
as described under Section 299 of the IPC.

(8) The court must address itself to the

question of mens rea. If Clause thirdly of
Section 300 is to be applied, the assailant
 24

must intend the particular injury inflicted on

the deceased. This ingredient could rarely
be proved by direct evidence. Inevitably, it
is a matter of inference to be drawn from
the proved circumstances of the case. The
court must necessarily have regard to the
nature of the weapon used, part of the body
injured, extent of the injury, degree of force
used in causing the injury, the manner of
attack, the circumstances preceding and
attendant on the attack.

(9) Intention to kill is not the only intention

that makes a culpable homicide a murder.
The intention to cause injury or injuries
sufficient in the ordinary cause of nature to
cause death also makes a culpable
homicide a murder if death has actually
been caused and intention to cause such
injury or injuries is to be inferred from the
act or acts resulting in the injury or injuries.

(10) When single injury inflicted by the

accused results in the death of the victim,
no inference, as a general principle, can be
drawn that the accused did not have the
intention to cause the death or that
particular injury which resulted in the death
of the victim. Whether an accused had the
required guilty intention or not, is a
question of fact which has to be determined
on the facts of each case.

(11) Where the prosecution proves that the

accused had the intention to cause death of
any person or to cause bodily injury to him
and the intended injury is sufficient in the
ordinary course of nature to cause death,
then, even if he inflicts a single injury which
results in the death of the victim, the
offence squarely falls under Clause thirdly
of Section 300 of the IPC unless one of the
exceptions applies.
 25

(12) In determining the question, whether

an accused had guilty intention or guilty
knowledge in a case where only a single
injury is inflicted by him and that injury is
sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to
cause death, the fact that the act is done
without premeditation in a sudden fight or
quarrel, or that the circumstances justify
that the injury was accidental or
unintentional, or that he only intended a
simple injury, would lead to the inference of
guilty knowledge, and the offence would be
one under Section 304 Part II of the IPC.”

20. Thus, it emerges from the case law analysed

herein-above for converting the sentence imposed

under Section 302 to Section 304 Part II the facts

unravelled during trial will have to be seen. In the

facts of the case on hand, it is discernible that there

was no premeditation to cause death or the genesis of

occurrence and the single assault by the accused and

duration of entire episode, were factors to adjudge the

intention. The offence can be brought clearly within

the ambit of Section 304 Part-II IPC. In the instant

case it can be noticed that appellant and the

deceased were in love with each other. The fact that

deceased had stopped talking to the appellant and

 26

she was talking to her neighbour Mr. Sudhakar had

ignited the mind of the appellant to be furious about

the conduct of the deceased and he was upset about

this change of attitude of the deceased. Even

according to the testimony of PW-1, who is none other

than mother of the deceased there was altercation

between the appellant and the deceased and

exchange of words between appellant and deceased

with regard to their love affair. On being confronted

by the appellant as to why the accused had stopped

talking to him and as to why she was trying to

develop friendship with Sudhakar and the answer

given by the deceased had resulted in appellant’s

getting infuriated and in that spur of the moment he

caught hold of her hair and banged her head to the

wall which resulted in blood oozing out and on seeing

this he ran away from the scene of the incident. Thus,

the single assault by the appellant coupled with the

duration of the entire period having occurred for

about 2-3 minutes would not be sufficient to infer that

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he had the intention to kill the deceased. Had there

been any intention to do away with the life of the

deceased, obviously the appellant would have come

prepared and would have assaulted the deceased with

pre-meditation. Yet another factor which cannot go

unnoticed, the appellant had obviously approached

the deceased and intended to confront her as to why

she was not talking to him though they were in love

and also to clear the doubts about she being friendly

with Mr. Sudhakar (neighbour) and in this factual

scenario, heated exchange of words have taken place

and enraged by her reply the appellant has banged

her head on the wall in a fit of fury, which cannot be

inferred that he had any intention to take away her

life, particularly when he was in love with her.

21. In the aforesaid analysis of law and facts, we

are of the considered view that the present appeal

deserves to be allowed in part. The conviction of the

appellant under 302 is altered/converted to one under

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Section 304 part II of the Indian Penal Code for the

altered conviction, the appellant is sentenced to the

imprisonment to the period already undergone and

shall be released forthwith if not required in any other

case.

22. The appeal is partly allowed, in the above terms.

……………………………J.
[S. RAVINDRA BHAT]

……………………………J.
[ARAVIND KUMAR]
NEW DELHI;
September 06, 2023