ASTM B q Z b R E V * A ô 3 m 0757530 0005703 W

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A M E R I C A N SOCIETY F O R TESTING A N D M A T E R I A L S
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103
Reprinted from the Annual Book of A S T M Standards, Copyright ASTM
If not listed in thecurrent combined index, will appear in the next edition.

Standard Specification for

SINTERED COPPER-STEELSTRUCTURAL PARTS'
This standard is issued under the fixed designationB 426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon ( E ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. scope 7), and

1.1 This specification covers sintered struc- 3.1.6 Certification (see Section 13).
tural parts made primarily from iron powders
4. Materials and Manufacfure
to which controlled amounts of copper and
carbon have been added. 4.1 Structural parts shall be made by mold-
1.2 This specification covers the following ing and sintering metal powders followed by
variables: repressing and resintering, if necessary, to pro-
1.2.1 Four grades depending upon copper duce finished parts conforming to the require-
content, and ments of this specification.
1.2.2 Five types for each grade depending
5. Chemical Composition
upon density.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units 5.1 The material shall conform to the re-
are to be regarded as standard. The SI values quirements of Table 1.
in parentheses are for information only and 5.2 The chemical analysis shall be made in
may be approximate. accordance with the methods prescribed in Part
NOTE1-Definitions of powder metallurgy terms 12 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, or
can be found in Definitions B 243 and additional by any other approved method agreed upon
useful information is available in the Related Mate- between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
rial section of Part 9 o f the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards. 6. Physical Properties
6.1 Density:
2. Applicable Documents 6.1.1 If the density does not vary more than
2.1 ASTM Standards: 0.3 g/cm3 from one section of the structural
B 243 Definitions of Terms Used in Powder part to any other section, the overall density
Metallurgy2 shall fail within the limits prescribed in Table
B 328 Test Method for Density and Inter- 2.
connected Porosity of Sintered Powder 6.1.2 If the density varies more than 0.3 g/
Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impreg- cm3 from one section of the part to any other,
nated Bearings2 themanufacturer and the purchaser shall agree
upon a critical section of the part where the
3. Ordering Information stresses are highest. The density of this critical
section, rather than the average density, shall
3.1 Orders for parts under this specification
fali within the limits prescribed in Table 2.
shall include the following information:
3.1.1 Dimensions (see Section 8), ' This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
Committee B-9 on Metal Powder and Metal Powder Products
3.1.2 Chemical Composition, Grade (see and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.05 on
Section 5 and Table i), Structural Parts.
3.1.3 Density, Type (see 6.1 and Table 2), Current edition approved Jan. 28 and March 25, 1983.
Published May 1983. Originally published as B 426 - 64 T.
3.1.4 Porosity (see 6.2), Last previous edition B 426 - 76.
3.1.5 Mechanical Requirements (see Section 1983 Annual Book ofASTM Standarh, Vol 02.05.

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 A S T M B42b R E V * A 8 3 9 0 7 5 9 5 3 0 O005704 b
B 426

6,1.3 Density shall be determined in accord- same conditions, and submitted for inspection
ance with Test Method B 328. at one time.
6.2 Porosity: 10.2 Chemical Analysis-If required by pur-
6.2.1 When specified, the intercommunicat- chase agreement, at least one sample for chem-
ing porosity by volume shall not be less than ical analysis shall be taken from each lot. A
18 % for Type I. representativesample of chips may be obtained
6.2.2 The porosity shall be determined by by dry-milling, drilling, or crushing at least two
Test Method B 328. pieces with clean dry tools without lubrication.
In order to obtain oil-free chips, the parts se-
7. Mechanical Properties lected for test shall have the oil extracted in
7.1 The manufacturer and the purchaser accordance with Test Method B 328, if neces-
shall agree on qualification tests for the deter- sary.
mination of mechanical properties. 10.3 Mechanical Tests-The manufacturer
7.2 These tests shall be performed on pro- and purchaser shall agree on a representative
duction parts. number of specimens for mechanical tests.
7.3 The tests shall be determined after con-
sideration of the function of the part. 11. Inspection
7.4 The limits and sampling plan shall be 11.1 Unless otherwise specified, inspection
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the of parts supplied on contract shall be made by
purchaser. the purchaser.
7.5 All shipments of parts subsequent to the
establishment of testing conditions shall con- 12. Rejection and kehearing
form to the limits agreed upon. 12.1 Parts that fail to conform to the require-
NOTE2-The mechanical properties that may be ments of this specification may be rejected.
expected from standard specimens molded to size are Rejection should be reported to the producer
given in the Appendix to this specification. or supplier promptly, and in writing. In case of
dissatisfaction with test results, the producer or
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
8.1 Permissible variations in dimensions
shall be within the limits specified on the draw- 13. Certification
ings describing the structural parts accompany- 13.1 When specified in the purchase order
ing the order or shall be within the limits or contract, a producer’s certification shall be
specified in the order. furnished to the purchaser that the parts were
manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected
9. Workmanship in accordance with this specification and have
9.1 Structural parts shall be uniform in com- been found to meet the requirements. When
position. specified in the purchase order or contract, a
9.2 When parts are cut or fractured, the report of the test results shall be furnished.
exposed surface shall be of uniform appear- 13.2 The purchase order must specify
ance. whether or not the certification includes chem-
istry.
10. Sampling 13.3 Upon request of the purchaser in the
10.1 Lot-Unless otherwise specified, ä lot contract or order, the certification of an inde-
shall consist of parts of the same form and pendent third party indicating conformance to
dimensions, made from powder of the same the requirements of this specification may be
composition, molded and sintered under the considered.

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 TABLE 1 Chemical Reauirements
Composition, %
Element
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Copper 1.0 to 2.5 2.5 to 6.0 6.0 to 11.0 18.0 to 22.0
Combined carbonA 0.6 to 0.9 0.6 to 0.9 0.6 to 0.9 0.6 to 0.9
Iron, min 94.6 91.1 86.1 75.1
Acidic insolubles, max 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Total other elementsby difference, max 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
A The combined carbon may be a metallographicestimate of the carbon in the steel.

TABLE 2 Density Requirements

5pe Dry Density, g/cm3
I 6.0 max
II
-~ 6.0 to 6.4
~ ~..
~~

III 6.4 to 6.8

Kv 6.8 to 7.2
V 1.2 min

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

XI. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND HARDNESS DATA

X1.l Data for the mechanical properties of cop- tests are made on flat specimens approximately % by
per-steel molded specimens are given in Table X 1.1. % in. (6.3 by 6.3 mm) in cross section with a gage
The data do not constitute a part of this specification. length of 1 in. (25.4 mm).
They merely indicateto the purchaser the mechanical XI.2 Hardness values are given as apparent values
properties that may be expected from specialsubsize sincethe readingis not a true readingwhen compared
tension and compression specimens conforming to to a solid material of the same composition. It must
the density and chemical composition requirements be understood that hardness values on powder met-
s ecified. It should be thoroughly understood that aliurgy parts are usually lower because the hardness
tle values represent specimens molded to size and reading is taken over a composite of pores and solid
not specimens cut from commercial parts or speci- material.
mens machined from sample blanks. The tension

3
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 A S T M Bq2b R E V * A 83 0757530 0 0 0 5 7 0 b T W
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TABLE X1.1 Mechanical Properties

As Sintered
Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation in Apparent
Grade Type Copper,% g/cm 1 in.or 25 mm, Hardness,
psi MPa 76 RB
1 I 1.5 5.9 30 o00 207 O to 0.5 20
2 I 4.0 5.9 34 O00 234 O to 0.5 30
3 I 8.5 5.9 36 000 248 O to 0.5 30
4 I 20.0 5.9 33 o00 226 0.5 25
1 II 1.5 6.3 41 O 0 0 283 O to 0.5 50
2 II 4.0 6.3 48 OM) 33 1 O to 0.5 60
3 II 8.50 6.3 51 O 0 0 352 0.5 60
4 II 20.0 6.3 47 O00 324 0.7 55

1 III 1.5 6.6 58 o00 400 1.o 65

2 III 4.0 6.6 68 000 469 1.3 75
1 IV 1.5 7.0 76 000 524 1.4 80
I V 1.5 7.35 105 O00 724 2.4 85
As Heat TreatedA
Apparent
Hardness,
R30N

1 I I .5 5.9 40 O00 276 O to 0.5 48.5

2 I 4.0 5.9 45 000 310 O to 0.5 48.5
3 I 8.5 5.9 45 000 310 O fo 0.5 47
4 I 20.0 .5.9 41 O00 283 O to 0.5 43

1 II 1.5 6.3 49 O00 338 O to 0.5 56

2 II 4.0 6.3 54 O00 373 O to 0.5 56
3 II 8.50 6.3 56 000 386 O to 0.5 53
4 II 20.0 6.3 51 O00 352 0.5 50.5
1 III 1.5 6.6 89 O00 614 0.5 59.5
2 III 4.0 6.6 92 O00 634 0.5 61
1 IV 1.5 7.0 124 O00 855 0.5 63.5
1 Y 1.5 7.35 154 O00 1062 0.5 67
A Heat treatment consists of quenching in oil from 1600°F (871OC)and tempering for 1 h at 400°F (204°C).

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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techtrical commiftee and must be reviewed everyfive years
and ifnot revised, either reapproved or wilhdrawn. Your comtnents are invited eitherfor revision of this standard orfor additional
standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the
responsible technicalcomtnittee, which you may attend. ìfyoufeel that your comments have not received afair hearingyou should
makeyour views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia,Pa. 19103.

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