VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

BELAGAVI-590018

S.J.P.N. Trust’s
HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI-591236

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Academic Year:2021 -2022

AICTE ACTIVITY REPORT

“Creating awareness on Rainwater Harvesting”

Submitted By

Mr. AKASH RAJU PATIL USN:2HN20ME001

Under The Guidance of

Dr.K.M.AKKOLI
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
BELAGAVI-590018

S.J.P.N. Trust’s
HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI-591236

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. AKASH RAJU PATIL, USN:2HN20ME001 a bonafide student of
Hirasugar Institute of Technology, Nidasoshi has carried out the AICTE Activity “Creating
awareness on Rainwater Harvesting” and earned points out of points in partial
fulfillment for the award of bachelor of engineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-2022

Prof. S.S.Patil Dr. S. N. Topannavar Dr. S. C. Kamate

N.S.S Program Officer HOD Principal

 Acknowledgement

Firstly, I would like to thank Ms. Savitri H Byakod the Panchayat Development Officer of
Gram Panchayat , Nidasoshi for giving me the opportunity to complete the activity on “Creating
Awareness on Rainwater Harvesting”

I am highly indebted to our beloved Principal Dr. S. C. Kamate for the encouragement
provided to accomplish this activity.

I would like to thank the Head of the Department Dr. S. N.Topannavar for extending all
support and advice to complete the activity.

I would like to thank my guide Dr.K.M.AKKOLI for his constructive criticism throughout
my work and consistent mentoring in completion of this work.

I express my warm and grateful thanks to Activity coordinator Prof. M. S. Futane, Asst.
Professor, Dept. of ME, HIT Nidasoshi for her valuable advice.

I am extremely grateful to my department staff members and friends who helped me in the
successful completion of this activity.

AKASH RAJU PATIL

(2HN20ME001)
 Abstract

The paper outlines rain water harvesting is being frequently used these days,
however, the concept of water harvesting is not new for India. Water
harvesting techniques had been evolved and developed centuries ago.

Living creatures of the universe are made of five basic elements, viz, Earth,
Water, Fire, Air and Sky, Obviously, water is one of the most important
elements and no creature can survive without it.
 INDEX

S.No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction 1

2. Objectives 4

3. Details of the activity carried out 6

4. Contributions 8

5. Correspondence letters with local bodies 11

6. Photos of the activity carried out and presentations 14

7. List and signatures of participants attended 15

8. Feedback collected and Impact analysis report 16

9. Conclusion 18

10. Evaluation Report 19

 AICTE Activity Report 2023-24

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

“No life on earth can exist without water,

And the ceaseless flow of that water cannot exist without rain”

- The Thirukural .

Currently, of the 1.5 billion hectares of cropland worldwide, more than 80

percent depend on rainfall alone, contributing to at least two-thirds of global food production
(FAOSTAT, 2005 in Rockström et al., 2007; Scheierling, 2011). While the coverage of
rainfed agriculture varies regionally (Box 1), in developing regions including Latin America
and Sub-Saharan Africa more than 90 percent of cropland is rainfed.

1. Cherrapunji which receives about 11,000 mm of rainfall annually suffers from acute
shortage of drinking water. There is rain water not conserved but allowed to drain away. Thus
it does not matter how much rain we get, if we don't capture or harvest it.

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The water path of an individual is defined as the total amount of fresh water that is used to
produce the goods and services that the individual consumes. It is indicator for showing food
diet and consumption patterns.

To produce one cup of coffee we need 140 liters of water

 1 liter of milk needs 800 liters of water

 1 kg of wheat needs 1100 liters of water

 1 kg of rice needs 2300 liters of water

The production of one kilogram of beef requires 22 thousand liters of water.

It is clear that moderating our diets especially in the developed world could make much water
available for other purposes. In semi-arid and arid areas, knowing the virtual water value of a
good or service can be useful towards determining how best to use the scarce water available.

In the last three decades an exponential growth in number of ground water structures has been
observed. This has lead to enormous withdrawal of groundwater for various uses of
agricultural, industrial and other domestic needs. This resource has become an important
source of drinking water and food security for teeming millions of the state. It provides 70
percent of water for domestic use in rural areas and about 50 percent of water for urban and
industrial areas. The significant contribution made for Green Revolution and also as primary
reliable source of irrigation during drought years has further strengthened the people‘s faith in
utilization of ground water as dependable source.

The speedy and uncontrolled usage of ground water has also created many problems. The
intensive ground water development in many parts of the country has resulted in depletion of
ground water levels and availability of the resource. The pristine ground water quality too
became its victim. Though, for the State as a whole

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the availability of ground water resources appears quite comfortable but localized areas have
shown the deleterious effects of excessive ground water development. To maintain
sustainability of ground water resources artificial recharge to ground water is being practiced.
Subsurface reservoirs are very attractive and technically feasible alternatives for storing
surplus monsoon runoff. These subsurface reservoirs can store substantial quantity of water.
The sub-surface storages have advantages of being free from the adverse effects like
inundation of large surface area and no gigantic structures are required.

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CHAPTER 2

Objectives

The objectives of the study are stated below

1) To measure the level of Awareness towards Rainwater Harvesting among the students of
Higher Secondary Schools in Perambalur District.

2) To measure the level of Awareness towards Rainwater Harvesting with respect to

demographic variables, such as Sex, Type of Schools, Branch, Residence, Education of
Parents, Occupation of Parents and Tuition class attending students of Higher Secondary
Schools in Perambalur District.

3) To find out the significant difference in the mean values on Awareness towards
Rainwater Harvesting between the Male and Female students of Higher Secondary Schools
in Perambalur District.

4) To find out the significant difference in the mean values on Awareness towards Rainwater
Harvesting depending on their type of schools among the students of Higher Secondary
Schools in Perambalur district.

5) To find out the significant difference in the mean values on Awareness towards
Rainwater Harvesting between the Arts and Science students of Higher Secondary Schools in
perambalur district.

6) To find out the significant difference in the mean values on Awareness towards Rainwater
Harvesting depending on their Residential place among the students of Higher Secondary
Schools in Perambalur District.

7) To find out the significant difference in the mean values on Awareness towards
Rainwater Harvesting depending on their Parents Education level among the students of
Higher Secondary Schools in Perambalur District.

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CHAPTER 3
Description of the activity carried out

“Water is the driver of Nature — Leonardo Da Vinci

 Water (from the Anglo-Saxon and Low German word) is a colourless, tasteless, and
odourless substance that is essential to all forms of life. Only 2.5% of water on Ear the is
fresh water, the remaining 97.5 % is saline water. The fresh water supply is apportioned as
0.4% in lakes and rivers, 30.9% as ground water and 68.7% as snow and ice.

 The human body contains from 55% to 78% water, depending on body size To function
properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid
dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity,
and other factors.

 Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. Wherever it travels, water carries
chemicals, minerals, and nutrients with it.

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 Much more fresh water is stored under the ground in aquifers than on the earth‘s surface.

 The earth is a closed system, similar to a terrarium, meaning that it rarely loses or gains
extra matter. The same water that existed on the earth millions of years ago is still present
today.

Chemical Definition of Water:

Water is a chemical substance, under nomenclature ―Dihydrogen Monoxide‖ is the

scientific name for water, the Freezing point is 0°C (32°F), the boiling point is 100°C
(212°F) and the specific gravity is (4°C) 1.0000. Water is clear, colorless, odourless and
tasteless liquid with the chemical formula H2O.

A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent
bonds. Pure water has a neutral PH of 7, which is neither acidic nor basic. water is a liquid
at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous
state (water vapour or steam). Water also exists in a liquid crystal state near hydrophilic
surfaces.

Relevance to society
USES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

The standing water percolates into the ground and recharges the water table.

 To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table.

 To beneficiate water quality in aquifers.

 To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon.

 To reduce soil erosion.

 To inculcate a culture of water conservation.

 Wells in the surrounding areas have plenty of good water.

 Green cover increases in the surrounding areas.

 Silting of rivers is reduced.

 Floods and runoff get controlled.

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BENEFITS OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Water harvesting can serve as a supplement to municipal water. In times of low water
availability, water held in catchments/cisterns may be used for gardening or other non-
potable needs.

 Using harvested water contributes to water conservation and reduces water demands in
urban areas.

 Rainwater harvesting can reduce storm drainage load.

 Rainwater harvesting technologies are flexible and can be built to meet almost any
requirements. Construction, operation, and maintenance are not labour intensive.

 Some buildings divert rainwater to help with functions such as toilet flushing.

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CHAPTER 4
Contributions

GOVERNMENT PLANS ABOUT RAIN WATER HARVESTING

The ministry of water Resources lays down policies and programs for
development and regulation of the country‘s water resources. The nation water policy, 2002
lays emphasis on integrated water resources development and management of optimal and
sustainable utilization of the available surface ground water. The policy also encourages Private
Sector participation in planning feasible with view to introducing innovative ideas, generating
financial resources and introducing corporate management and improving service efficiency
and accountability to users. Experiments on artificial recharge to aquifers started in India from
1970 onwards by Central & State Government and individually by NGO in various parts of the
country where early signs of over exploitation of ground water were noticed.

ESSENTIAL OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

According to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, Former President of India, The future war may be for the
Water. Children and youngsters to be aware of water conservation techniques to avoid grave
water crisis in future. People are forced to buy water in plastic bottles. Bottled water industry is
worth nearly 10000
crore rupees and even big companies are involved in this bottling of water and making money.
So, it is imperative that we ought to save Rainwater.

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According to Ms. J. Jayalalitha, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
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The destruction of forests and excessive use of groundwater have contributed to the present
drought conditions in the State. The only option to tackle the situation was conservation of
water and rainwater harvesting. I had installed the Rainwater Harvesting system in my house
and wanted everyone to go for rainwater harvesting.

According to Mr. Narendra Modi, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Gujarat.

Mahatma Gandhi had installed a facility to harvest water at his ancestral house in
Porbandar in Gujarat. ―Gandhiji was a visionary. Gandhiji family was using it throughout
the year.

“Install water harvesting facility before building any complex. Save Rain water.”

Rainwater harvesting is gaining importance again, this time in rural areas and especially so in
many developing countries. The present situation in developing countries demands the
utilization and development of all possible sources to ensure the supply of water.

Surface water is inadequate to meet out demand and we have to depend on ground water.
 Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration on rain water into the sub- soil has decreased drastically
and recharging of ground water has diminished.

 Seriously consider conserving water by harvesting and managing this natural resource by
artificially recharging the system. The examples covering several dozen installations
successfully operating in India constructed and maintained by Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB), provide an excellent snapshot of current systems.

 Rainwater harvesting has tremendous potential and it is up to each one of us to push this
technique further for a sustainable water situation for India

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Presentation and tools used

Schedule of the activity

Collection of the information for the 02/02/2022 to 03/02/2022

proposed activity
Prepared permission letter and submitted to 03/02/2022
Nidasoshi Gram Panchayat
Permission granted for the conduction of 03/02/2022
the activity
Initiation of the activity 04/02/2022
End of the activity 04/03/2022
Feedback collected 05/03/2022
Preparation of the report 05/03/2022 to 06/03/2022

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Chapter 5

• Correspondence letters with local bodies .

5.1 Asking Permission Letter

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5.2 Permission Granted Letter

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Chapter 6
6.1 Photos of the activity carried out and presentations
Photos captured at Nidasoshi:

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Chapter 7

List and signatures of participants attended

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Chapter 8

Feedback collected and Impact analysis report

8.1 Feedback

8.2

Impact Analysis
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100

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

90
Q.no 1 Q. no 2 Q.no 3 Q.no 4

 Most of the people almost 99% found it useful as it helps them to save and
conserve water

• About 98% of the people learnt a lot many things from this awareness program

• All the people are satisfied with communication skills as I spoke in the
local language Kannada and am pretty sure they are convinced

• About 95% of the people find the presentation effective.

• Am pretty sure I have cleared all the doubts of the people and found the
alternates for their problems 97% of the people is on the average for clearing
the doubt

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CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

The present study has investigated the rain water harvesting awareness among common
people of Nidasoshi. It is found that the villagers have adequate Awareness on Rain water
harvesting. Our mission should be conservation of water. We cannot produce water but save
it and protect our future. Rain Water Harvesting is today’s need of the whole world. So we
should come forward and take steps to promote it so that our future generation can enjoy the
natural resources. Rain Water Harvesting Awareness has however special significant to
India, since young persons below the age of 15 years from about 45% of total population.
The group is going to influence greatly the future of this country they will become adult and
future generation of the society. It is the urgency of Rainwater Harvesting, hence there is an
urgent need to develop more awareness about such matters, amongst the citizens in rural
areas.

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Chapter 10
Evaluation Report

AICTE Activity Evaluation Report:

Name of Student: Mr.AKASH RAJU PATIL

Class: Second Year
Sem: III
Roll No. 01
USN: 2HN20ME001
Activity No. 02
Activity points out of
20

Dr.K.M.AKKOLI
Guide

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