CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET

1 Particulates are tiny solid particles in the air.

The movement of these particles is shown by the arrows in the diagram.

State the name given to the random motion of particles.

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2 The graph shows the change in temperature as a sample of a gas is cooled.

A B

temperature

time

Name the change of state taking place between A and B.

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3 Name the change of state when liquid bromine changes to solid bromine.

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4 Name the element, from the first 30 elements in the Periodic Table, which is the gas with the slowest
rate of diffusion at room temperature.

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5 The graph shows how the volume of a sample of gas G changes as temperature increases.
The pressure is kept constant.

volume of
gas G / cm3

temperature / °C

Describe how the volume of gas G changes as temperature increases.

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6 Bromine liquid turns into a gas very easily at room temperature.

Choose the word which best describes a substance that evaporates easily.

Draw a circle around your chosen answer.

conductor flammable malleable volatile

7 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Identify the element which has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature.

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8 Ethene is a gas at room temperature.

Use the kinetic particle model to describe the separation of the particles in a gas.

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10 The structure of an organic compound, S, is shown.

H
H
C H
H C C
O
H C

O
H

Compound S is a solid at room temperature.

Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement of the particles in a solid.

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11 The graph shows how the pressure of chlorine gas changes when temperature increases. The

volume is kept constant.

pressure of
chlorine gas

temperature

Describe how the pressure of the chlorine gas changes with temperature.

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13 The graph shows how the volume of iodine gas changes with pressure. The temperature is kept
constant.

volume of
iodine gas

0
0 pressure

Describe how the volume of iodine gas changes with pressure.

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14 When sulfur vapour touches a cold surface it changes directly to a solid.

What is the name given to this change of state?

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15 The particles of a substance gain energy and change from a regular ordered structure to a
disordered structure with large distances between the particles.

Which change of state is described?

A boiling
B evaporation
C melting
D sublimation

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16 The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate diffusion.

cotton wool soaked in ammonium cotton wool soaked in

hydrochloric acid chloride ammonia solution

Which statement explains why the ring of ammonium chloride appears as shown?

A Ammonia solution only produces a gas which moves until it meets the hydrochloric acid.
B Both solutions produce a gas, but ammonia moves quicker than hydrogen chloride because
it is lighter.
C Hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen chloride which stays at one end of the tube until the
ammonia reaches it.
D The two solutions run along the tube until they meet.
[1]

17 The rate of diffusion of two gases, methane, CH4, and ethene, C2H4, is measured using the
apparatus shown.

constant
pressure
applied metal foil – gas
gas syringe gas escapes through
small hole in the foil

Which gas diffuses faster and why?

gas that
reason
diffuses faster

A ethene Ethene molecules are heavier and so move faster.

Ethene molecules have a double bond which makes them
B ethene
more reactive.
C methane Methane molecules are lighter and so move faster.
Methane molecules are smaller so they can get out of the
D methane
small hole more easily.

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18 The changes that occur when a substance changes state are shown below.

Which process, W, X, Y or Z, is occurring in the following four situations?

1 Butter melts on a warm day.

2 Water condenses on a cold surface.

3 The volume of liquid ethanol in an open beaker reduces.

4 Ice forms inside a freezer.

1 2 3 4

A W X Y Z
B W Y X Z
C X Y Z W
D X Z Y W

[1]

19 The diagram shows a sugar lump in a cup of tea.

Which two processes must happen to spread the sugar evenly in the tea?

first process second process

A diffusion dissolving
B dissolving diffusion
C dissolving melting
D melting diffusion

[1]

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20 A crystal of purple potassium manganate(VII) was added to each of the beakers shown in the
diagram.

hot water cold water

crystal of potassium
manganate(VII)

One beaker contained hot water and the other beaker contained cold water.

In both beakers the purple colour of the potassium manganate(VII) spreads out.

Which result and explanation are correct?

result explanation

A colour spreads faster in cold water particles move faster at a higher temperature
B colour spreads faster in cold water particles move slower at a higher temperature
C colour spreads faster in hot water particles move faster at a higher temperature
D colour spreads faster in hot water particles move slower at a higher temperature

[1]

21 Different gases diffuse at different speeds.

What is meant by the term diffusion?

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22 Different gases diffuse at different speeds.

What property of a gas molecule affects the speed at which it diffuses?

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23 A gas jar of bromine vapour and a gas jar of air are set up as shown in diagram 1.

The glass slide is removed. Diagram 2 shows the appearance of the gas jars after one hour.

air

mixture of air
glass slide and bromine

bromine
vapour
Which statement explains why the bromine and air mix together?

A diagram
Bromine is denser 1
than air. diagram 2

B Bromine is lighter than air.

C Bromine molecules moved upwards and molecules in air moved downwards.

D Molecules in bromine and air moved randomly.

24 In which substance are the particles close together and slowly moving past each other?

25

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26 The diagram shows how the molecules in vehicle exhaust gases diffuse into the air.

molecules in air

molecules in
exhaust gases

Which statement describes what happens to these molecules next?

A The molecules fall to the ground because they are heavier than air molecules.
B The molecules go back together as they cool.
C The molecules spread further into the air.
D The molecules stay where they are.
[1]

27 Name the changes of physical state when:

oxygen gas is converted to liquid oxygen ................................................................................

solid sulfur is converted directly to sulfur gas........................................................................... [2]

28 The changes of state of lead are shown.

melting B
solid liquid lead
lead lead gas
A condensing

Name the changes of state represented by A and B.

A ..............................................................................................................................................

B .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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29 The changes of state of aluminium are shown.

A
solid liquid aluminium
aluminium aluminium gas
B

Name the changes of state represented by A and B.

A ..............................................................................................................................................

B .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

30 Describe the arrangement and separation of the particles in a gas.

arrangement ............................................................................................................................

separation ................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]

31 A substance boils at temperature X and melts at temperature Y.

Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the substance cools from
temperature A to temperature B.

temperature

time
[2]

[Total: 2]

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32 Graphite is a solid.

Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in a solid.

arrangement ............................................................................................................................

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motion ......................................................................................................................................

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[Total: 2]

33 Describe the separation and motion of the molecules in oxygen gas.

separation ................................................................................................................................

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motion ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

34 Carbon disulfide, CS2, is a liquid at room temperature.

Describe the separation and motion of the particles in carbon disulfide liquid.

separation ................................................................................................................................

motion ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

35 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in molten
(liquid) lead.

arrangement ............................................................................................................................

motion ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

36 A bottle of liquid perfume is left open at the front of a room.

After some time, the perfume is smelt at the back of the room.

Name the two physical processes taking place.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

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 is a covalent substance. A sample of pure Z was allowed to cool from 120 °C to 20 °C. The total
time taken was 8 minutes.

The boiling point of pure Z is 220 °C and the melting point of pure Z is 80 °C.

Starting from point x, sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed
between 0 minutes and 8 minutes.

200

180

160

140

120
temperature
/ °C 100

80

60

40

20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / minutes

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38 Limonene is a volatile substance which smells of oranges.

The melting point of limonene is –74 °C.

The boiling point of limonene is 176 °C.

What is the physical state of limonene at – 80 °C?

Explain your answer.

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40 A closed gas syringe contains substance R. The syringe is heated in a water bath.

gas syringe

water bath
R

end blocked

heat

Describe what happens to the volume of substance R in the syringe. The pressure remains constant.
Explain your answer in terms of particles.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

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