e-Cops : An Online Crime Reporting and Management System for

Riyadh City
Dr Kahkashan Tabassum1 Dr Hadil Shaiba2 Saada Shamrani3 Sheikha Otaibi4
Department of Computer Sciences, CCIS, Department of Computer Sciences, CCIS,
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University,
Riyadh, KSA Riyadh, KSA.

Abstract

The huge success of internet and information Riyadh city. Since the people do not find convenient to
technology have a remarkable effect on both public and go to police stations to register a case due to several
private sectors within a country. The internet services reasons like security threats or lack of time. Also some
and applications have drastically increased. That’s why cases are not investigated due to lack of proper
people find it more convenient to use internet evidences. This system allows the individuals within a
applications to give an online complain regarding any city to register the complaints from and is helpful to the
suspicious activity rather than visiting a police station. police and security department in identifying criminals.
This method is reasonably secure since it is possible to This application can improve the efficiency of security
hide the identity of the person who reported the system in a city and case solving procedures could be
complain about the crime. Many cases are not enhanced to achieve better results.
registered in police station since the person complained
wants to hide the identity due to the possible risk or The e-cops reporting and management system is an
danger. It is also feared that there are many pending online application that can allow both the parties either
investigations due to lack of proper evidences from the the police or the individuals within Riyadh city to
reporting people. An online application can bridge this report and manage their complains. It can provide the
communication gap between police and the individuals management of crimes at any time from any place of
to send reports or other required information. This the world. Thus it’s a useful comprehensive crime
paper proposes an application that can be used by the reporting system to public, police and government
individuals in Riyadh to report and manage their agencies that offers more quick, proactive and
complains effectively. Further the system can be used responsive results to fight with crime and criminals.
by the people to register the complaints and is helpful
to the police department in identifying the criminals. Previously, this has been a paper-based process, and
The main purpose of the application is to improve the paper records were easily manipulated or lost. This
effectiveness and efficiency of interaction procedures application provides an E-cops reporting and
between the police officials and common people. It management system that guarantees effective and easy
would be an outstanding tool to monitor and track the solutions to crimes within a short duration of time by
criminals around the country and also have a complete connecting all people (citizens/public), police officials
online record of crime related information. and others who would want to directly or indirectly
participate in solving the cases. The procedure begins
Keywords: Complaints, Crimes, Electronic cops, by first receiving an online complain followed by
Investigation routine investigation and gathering of evidences
online/offline by a unit of police force, where those
1. Introduction who are found guilty are arrested. A Police Complaint
This paper outlines the details of development is a statement that a situation is unsatisfactory or
of an electronic-cops(e-cops) reporting and unacceptable. Crime is an action or omission that
management system that is easy, effective and efficient constitutes an offense that possibly will be prosecuted
to perform the report and management of crimes within by the state and is punishable by law.

1
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
2.Similar Systems The Entity Relationship diagram in Figure 1
identifies the entities such as Administrator,
The following section provides few similar Officer, Complaint, Criminal, Feedback and
applications as the one proposed in this paper. Citizen. These contain the attributes so that the
required information can be recorded regarding a
Proposed system - E-cops KSA crime and can be used as reference to identify or
It provides an easy, fast and accurate online system monitor both the crime and the criminal by the
that helps the people to register their complaints, at officers of police department. The information
any time. Thus E-cops KSA is proactive and stored could be used by different types of groups i
responsive to fight with crime and criminals. In such as the complainant, police officials and the
previous days this has been a paper-based process, other administrative officials.
and paper records could be manipulated or lost.
The proposed system supports the following
features:
1-Easy to use and exterminates the paper use.
2- Offers more security than the previous paper
based offline system. 3-Allows the people to send
online complaints. 4-Allows the people to monitor
their complaints. 5- Limited to residents of the city
of the KSA..

E-cops Cambridge shire

A similar system that allows the people to register
(and monitor) the complaints and is easy to use for
all people/residents of the city of Cambridge shire.

Ecops India
This system is implemented in India and is
responsible to help people overcome the difficulties
encountered while issuing/registering the complaints
in different places through a single application[1] and
later monitor till the decision arises. This is still
developing to catchup and serve several areas in
India effectively.
Figure 1. E-R diagram for ecops system
Ecops United Arab Emirates
The main aim of this system within UAE is to
Figure 2 provides the details of requirements by
provide online vigilance facilities, the stations,
means of a use case diagram. It highlights three actors
criminal records, licensing record online, so that
and nine use cases [3] corresponding to the actions
privileged authorities can view / modify the records.
possible when using e-cops system. The procedure to
Detectives & Magistrates have access to criminal
use e-cops is as follows: The Police officers can login
records where they can search and justify the people with valid username and password. The following
in a better and faster way. activities could be performed: 1. The police officials
2. System Analysis can see their transfer details 2.They can make online
e-Cops application is made available to public for case registration for any complaint received. 3. They
interaction with police. This section provide the can view the information about who have submitted
details of the activities that are performed to study cases and whether sufficient evidence is provided by
the tasks (operations) and procedures that could be the complainant so that further investigation can be
used to realize the proposed solution most done.
efficiently. 4. They can see most wanted criminals and
criminal information area wise and department
2
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
wise also, 5. The department wise employee used. It is a markup language used with HTML to
information can be obtained. design the user interface of a website..

Authentication implementation:
All the users who want to access e-cop system should
authenticate using the Authentication page. For
authentication the personal Identity and password are
mandatory. If these details are matched (ID and
password) with corresponding data stored in the users’
database then they are provided the access to the
system.

Database implementation
MySQL[5] is an open-source relational database
management system (RDBMS) and is very common
among different stockholders of websites. The data
about the users are stored in tables in the form of row
and column. Some of the tables maintained by E-cops
are (Figure 3): Person(any user), Officer, Admin and
Wanted(criminals) and record the relevant data about
the complaints and crimes. Each officer is related to
one department and each department has many officers
(one-to many) relationship. Each department is
supervised by Admin and it can add news to homepage
and control the complete e-cop system.

6. The e-cops system can also provide the more

Figure 2. Show the use cases for ecops system

details about the registered cases such as Law and
Order, Traffic and Cyber Crime information.
Implementation

4. E-cops Implementation Details

The development of the application was in PHP. The

implementation was accomplished in five stages: Figure 3. Show the tables(database) of ecops system
1.Interface implementation 2. Server-side
implementation 3. Client-side implementation 4.
Authentication implementation 5. Database
implementation. To implement the User Interface(UI)
of the application Cascading-Style Sheets (CSS) was

3
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
5. Result/Output Screens of the e-cop System

In this section some output screens are given that

explains the way it functions.

Figure 7. Authentication of Users

Figure 1. Home page-1

Figure 2 Home page-2

Figure 8. Administrator – controls the e-cops system

Figure 3. Registration –to access services of ecops Figure 4 User Profile activated

4
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
 Figure 10. Types of Services offered by e-cop System
Figure 12. Police Officials (Employees) Page

Figure 11. View officers - Information

. Figure 10. shows a list of options the user can Figure13. Service page of e-cops for any citizen
select among the services which are listed then he
can enter the type of the crime, category, closest
city, title details, etc. This page in figure 11 allows Performance testing
the admin to view officers.
This type of testing verifies the following aspects:
The concurrent users that requesting the web
The interface for the police officials who can view
application and the response time. The main goal of this
the citizens’ complaints and add any complaints is
test is to verify the availability and responsiveness.
depicted in figure 12 and the interface that could
be accessed by any citizen is given in figure 13.
Compatibility testing
6.Testing This is done to ensure the Browser compatibility of the
website and therefore determine the hardware and
This section discuss about the testing[5] which operating system platforms that are supported by the
was accomplished to check the functionality of the application to understand the behavior of the system in
various interfaces that formed e-cops system. different environments.

5
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
 3. Andersson, H., Herzog, E., Johansson, G., and
User interface testing Johansson, O. (2010) Experience from introducing
Unified Modeling Language/Systems Modeling
This test is meant for detecting the correct functionality Language at Saab Aerosystems. Systems
of the graphical user interface (GUI) of the system and Engineering, 13 (4), 369-380.
ensure that specifications are conformed.
4. Budgen, D., Burn, A.J., Brereton, O.P., Kitchenham,
User acceptances testing: B.A., and Pretorius, R. (2011) Empirical evidence
about the UML: a systematic literature review.
User acceptances testing (UAT) marks the end of the Software: Practice and Experience, 41 (4), 363–392.
test plan. This step is required to ensure the correct
functionality of the website (application) in case of 5. Pandey, D., Suman, U., Ramani, A.K.: An
multiple users and also whether it is acceptable in the effective requirement engineering process model
for software development and requirements
real-world. The table 1 outlines the details of the testing management. In: Proceedings of the International
that was accomplished on e-cops system. Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies
in Communication and Computing (ARTCom), pp.
287–291 (2010).

Conclusions

Saudi Arabia e-cop System application provides simple

and user-friendly interface. This paper discussed about
the development of the interface that will help citizens
in Saudi Arabia to communicate with security services
(police departments) quickly and easily. Users can
report a crime or a complaint from anywhere online.
The police officials can view the reports and take
appropriate actions against the crimes or complaints by
applying a systematic, quick and easy approach. This
project could be later integrated into the Smart [2] e-
Government system in Saudi Arabia and is available in
other languages like Arabic, French, etc.

Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to all those
supported us in our graduation project and we
appreciate their help, support and encouragement from
our supervisor for her advises and effort which helped
us to achieve our project. Also we express out deep
sense of gratitude to Department of Computer Science
at Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University.

References

1. Chen, Z., Fan, W., Xiong, Z., Zhang, P., & Luo, L.
(2010). Visual data security and management for
smart cities. Frontiers of Computer Science in
China, 4(3), 386-393.

2. Shi, L. (2011, 13-15 May 2011). The Smart City's

systematic application and implementation in China.
Paper presented at the Business Management and
Electronic Information (BMEI), 2011 International
Conference.

6
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
 Pass
Test Case
Case description Test data/ input Expected result (yes
(TC)
/no)

TC0.1 User register Personal ID, First Name, Last Name Register success, and go Yes
Password, Confirm Password, Phone to home page
Number, Birth Date, Gender, City, Image
TC0.2 User register Enter a personal id already registered. Error Message: “ID Yes
already exists!”

TC0.3 User register Enter an invalid personal id (valid id is 10 Error Message: “ID Yes
digits) must be 10 digits long.”

TC0.4 User register Enter an invalid first or last name (valid Error Message: Yes
name is between 3 and 16 letters long). “Firstname/Last name is
not valid only 3-16
characters”

TC0.5 User register Enter an invalid phone number. Error Message: “Phone Yes
number is not valid.”

TC0.6 User login Personal ID Login success, and go to Yes

home page
Password

TC0.7 User login Enter personal id that is not registered, or Error Message: Yes
a wrong password “Username or password
is incorrect.”

TC0.8 Add inform, Add Enter an invalid title (valid title is at least Error Message: “Title Yes
news 10 characters long). should be at least 10
characters long.”

TC0.9 Add inform, Add Enter an invalid details (valid details is at Error Message: “Details Yes
news, Add least 20 characters long). should be at least 20
wanted characters long.”

TC0.10 View News View valid news (with id that exists in A page that shows the Yes
database). news details.

TC0.11 View News View invalid news (with id that doesn’t Empty page with a Yes
exist in database). message: “News not
found.”

TC0.12 View News Trying to view news by a visitor that is not Go to home page Yes
logged in.

TC0.13 View Wanted View valid wanted (with id that exists in A page that shows the Yes
database). details of the wanted
person.

7
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE
TC0.14 View Wanted View invalid wanted (with id that doesn’t Empty page with a Yes
exist in database). message: “Can’t find
this wanted person.”

TC0.15 View News Trying to view news by a visitor that is not Go to home page Yes
logged in.

TC0.16 Search Users Give a query that match one or more Show search results. Yes
users’ names in database.

TC0.17 Search Users Give a query that doesn’t match any user Empty page with a Yes
OR an empty query OR trying to not give message: “No results
a query parameter OR a citizen trying to found.”
search by users by personal id.

TC0.18 Search Users An admin or officer gives a query that Show search results. Yes
matches a personal id of a registered user.

TC0.19 View profile View valid profile (with id that exists in A page that shows Yes
database). information about the
user.

TC0.20 View profile View invalid profile (with id that doesn’t Empty page with a Yes
exist in database). message: “User not
found.”

TC0.21 Add news Title Success Message: Yes

“Successfully added
Details news.”

TC0.22 Add Wanted Title Success Message: Yes

“Successfully added this
Details user as wanted.”

Table 1. Test cases

2
978-1-5386-4427-0 / 18 / $ 31.00 © 2018 IEEE